CN104694704B - The vacuum metling technique of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel - Google Patents

The vacuum metling technique of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel Download PDF

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CN104694704B
CN104694704B CN201510152198.XA CN201510152198A CN104694704B CN 104694704 B CN104694704 B CN 104694704B CN 201510152198 A CN201510152198 A CN 201510152198A CN 104694704 B CN104694704 B CN 104694704B
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heat resisting
nitrogen
resisting steel
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CN104694704A (en
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李道乾
王雷
马中钢
刘玉庭
贾成建
王光华
郭建亭
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SHANDONG ROITIE NEW MATERIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Abstract

The present invention relates to high temperature metallic material preparation technology field, be specifically related to the vacuum metling technique of a kind of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel.Described smelting process is to carry out dispensing according to the composition of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel, carry out two step deoxidations the most again to smelt, the first step is to be joined in vacuum drying oven crucible by the graphite of half quality, adds metallic iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum, metallic nickel and metallic copper, when vacuum reaches 5~10Pa, start melting, after the alloying element added becomes civilized, stop evacuation, filling with inert gas, after the alloying element fine melt added, then refine;Second step is to add remaining graphite, refine in crucible, is sequentially added into metal niobium, tungsten, ferrosilicon, sulfur ferrum, ferromanganese, nitrogenization manganese metal, after the alloying element fine melt of addition, pours into a mould, is finally incubated, come out of the stove.Present invention process flow process is simple, the cycle is short, nitrogen content and Fe content precise control, degree of depth deoxidation, oxygen content is low, impurity is few.

Description

The vacuum metling technique of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel
Technical field
The present invention relates to high temperature metallic material preparation technology field, be specifically related to the vacuum metling work of a kind of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel Skill.
Background technology
Martensite heat-resistant steel can be divided into for making the heat resisting steel of dynamic power machine gasoline engine or cylinder of diesel engine intake valve and air bleeding valve With austenitic heat-resistance steel two class.Its operating temperature the former be 300~500 DEG C, the latter is 500~900 DEG C.Austenitic heat-resistance steel master It is used for manufacturing air bleeding valve, needs that there is good fatigue at high temperature performance and resistance to high temperature corrosion performance, in addition it is also necessary to have excellent Different anti-wear performance and processing performance.
At present, more conventional nitrogen alloyed austenitic steel is ST33-12,1.4785 (X-60), and ST33-12 steel chemical composition is shown in Table 1, ST33-12 steel contains 0.10%~0.3%N.
The chemical component table of table 1 ST33-12 nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel
Fe matrix austenite to be formed, needs to add a number of Ni, is formed and stable austenite phase, increase simultaneously plasticity and Toughness.Carbon and nitrogen also have similar effect.Adding Cr in steel is to generate with Cr2O3It is main oxide-film, anticorrosive to improve Performance, further, it is also possible to form carbide or nitride, puies forward heavy alloyed intensity.W, V and Nb etc. add formation carbon in steel Compound, carries heavy alloyed elevated temperature strength crystal grain thinning tissue.Therefore, austenite heat-resistance steel constitution is more complicated, various alloys Element reaches more than 10 kinds.
The nitrogen of comparatively high amts is contained in most of austenite heat-resistance steel capital, and its content fluctuates in 0.15%~0.60% scope, and nitrogen is strong Austria Family name's body is formed and stable element.Nitrogen is present in austenitic heat-resistance steel with solid solution state, nitride or carbonitride form, strengthening Austria Family name's body matrix, and fining austenite grains, meanwhile, strengthen Cr2O3The compactness of oxide-film and stability.In order to save Ni, To reduce cost, austenitic heat-resistance steel is usually added into a number of Mn, replaces part Ni.Mn can improve heat-resisting simultaneously Steel plasticity and toughness, and increase nitrogen dissolubility in austenite.Nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel generally uses medium frequency normal pressure induction furnace Smelting adds electroslag remelting two-link smelting process, complex process, and the cycle is long, and nitrogen is elemental gas, time during steel-making owing to adding nitrogen Between, the impact of the parameter such as molten steel temperature, general be difficult to precise control content.Electroslag remelting often steel ingot bottom nitrogen content is low, top Height, causes uneven components.It becomes a key issue during austenitic heat-resistance steel produces.
The control of Mn content becomes the another difficult problem of austenitic heat-resistance steel.The indirect gasification reaction of Mn is to cause Above The Ingot Bottom Mn to burn The main cause damaged, reaction equation is as follows:
[Mn]+(FeO)=(MnO)+[Fe]
G °=-123.35+0.056T of Δ
Temperature raises, and is unfavorable for reacting and carries out to the right, and in slag, FeO content is the highest, is more conducive to reaction to carry out to the right, thus electric At the slag remelting initial stage, steel temperature temperature is relatively low, and FeO content is higher, the oxidation of beneficially Mn, and Above The Ingot Bottom scaling loss is big, on the contrary, Steel ingot top scaling loss is few.Additionally, Mn or high vapour pressure element, more serious in vaporization at high temperature loss, electroslag remelting middle and late stage, Slag temperature is likely to be breached 1750 DEG C, and molten steel temperature, also above 1650 DEG C, causes Mn loss in steel ingot top serious.
Intermediate frequency furnace smelting austenitic heat resisting steel deoxidization technique is complicated, be through pre-degassing, diffusion degassing and final deoxidizing, finally Oxygen content is higher, and oxide is mingled with more, hence it is evident that reduce the properties of steel.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide that a kind of technological process is simple, the cycle is short, nitrogen content and Fe content precise control, degree of depth deoxidation The vacuum metling technique of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel, the nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel oxygen content obtained is low, and impurity is few.
The vacuum metling technique of described nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel, comprises the following steps:
(1) dispensing: by graphite, metallic iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum, metallic nickel, metallic copper, metal niobium, tungsten, silicon Ferrum, sulfur ferrum, ferromanganese, nitrogenization manganese metal, carry out dispensing according to the elemental composition of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel;
(2) first step deoxidation is smelted:
The graphite of half quality is joined in vacuum drying oven crucible, adds metallic iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum, metallic nickel and gold Belong to copper, when vacuum reaches 5~10Pa, start melting;After the alloying element added becomes civilized, stop evacuation, fill indifferent gas Body, after the alloying element fine melt of addition, under the conditions of temperature 1540~1560 DEG C, power 70~80kW, refine 15~20min;
With volume basis, described noble gas consists of: nitrogen 60%, argon 40%;
(3) second step deoxidation is smelted:
In crucible, add remaining graphite, under the conditions of temperature 1540~1560 DEG C, power 70~80kW, refine 15~ 20min;After being cooled to 1440~1460 DEG C, it is sequentially added into metal niobium, tungsten, ferrosilicon, sulfur ferrum, ferromanganese, nitridation metal Manganese;Add alloying element fine melt after, under the conditions of power 110~120kW stir 2~3min, then power is down to 70~ 80kW pours into a mould, and finally insulation 10~12min, comes out of the stove.
Wherein, preferred technical scheme is:
In step (2), when vacuum reaches 10Pa, start melting, after the alloying element fine melt of addition, then at temperature 1550 DEG C, Under the conditions of power 80kW, refine 20min.Alloying element become civilized the alloying element referred to just started fusing.
In step (3), under the conditions of temperature 1550 DEG C, power 80kW, refine 20min, after the alloying element fine melt of addition, Under the conditions of power 120kW, stir 1min, then power is down to 80kW pours into a mould, be finally incubated 10min, come out of the stove.
In step (3), be sequentially added into metal niobium, tungsten, ferrosilicon, sulfur ferrum, ferromanganese, the feed postition of nitrogenization manganese metal are: Former material after fine melt, adds latter material, till all adding under the conditions of 110~120kW.Nitridation gold Belong to manganese must be eventually adding.
What the present invention prepared is ST33-12 nitrogen alloyed austenitic steel.
In terms of weight/mass percentage composition, material purity is: C content >=99% of graphite, and metallic iron is ingot iron, Fe content >= 99.8%, Cr content >=99.99% of crome metal, Mo content >=99.99% of metal molybdenum, Ni content >=99.99% of metallic nickel, Cu content >=99.9% of metallic copper, Nb content >=99.9% of metal niobium, W content >=99.99% of tungsten, ferrosilicon is FeSi77AL0.03, sulfur ferrum is Iron sulfuret., and ferromanganese is FeMn88C0.2, and Mn content >=90% of nitrogenization manganese metal, N contains Amount >=6%.The product of nitrogenization manganese metal preferred Jinzhou, Liaoning Zhong Xin ferroalloy limited company, trade mark JMnN6.Above-mentioned raw materials It is commercially available prod.
The present invention utilizes vacuum induction furnace smelting, gives full play to vacuum reaction between carbon and oxygen advantage, austenitic heat-resistance steel carries out the degree of depth and takes off Oxygen, deoxygenation product is CO, eliminating of constantly floating from molten steel, and the oxide significantly reduced in steel is mingled with, and improves the matter of steel Amount and performance.And the present invention proposes two step smelting process that is two step carbon deoxidation smelting processes, the first step adds the carbon of total amount half, Put into furnace bottom.When molten steel temperature reaches 1540 DEG C~1560 DEG C, start refine, time 15~20 minutes.Second step is after reduction Phase adds second half carbon from hopper, carries out secondary carbon deoxidation, identical with first step temperature and time.
Another important process of the present invention is after the alloying element of the addition of the first step becomes civilized, and is passed through inert gas shielding toward vacuum chamber, Be conducive to into alloying.Protective gas is not single argon, is not single nitrogen, but 60% nitrogen adds 40% argon, can Effectively suppression nitrogen and manganese effusion, accurately control nitrogen and Fe content.
The present invention utilizes nitrogenization manganese metal as the addition agent of nitrogen, and its fusing point is low, only about 1200 DEG C, and the fusing point Han nitrogenous ferrochrome Height, reaches 1600 DEG C, is difficult to fusing, does not the most use this ferroalloy.Control nitrogen and manganese it is crucial that grasp molten steel add nitrogen time Machine and condition.Nitrogenization manganese metal should add after reduction end of term molten steel alloying, and molten steel temperature should keep 1450 ± 10 DEG C. Increase nitrogen dissolubility in steel owing to Cr, Mn, Mo and Nb add molten steel, and the elements such as C, Ni, Si reduce the molten of nitrogen Xie Du, therefore, during dispensing, the former should be by upper limit value, and the latter should be by lower limit value.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows:
Adding electroslag remelting process with traditional normal pressure intermediate frequency furnace smelting to compare, present invention process flow process is simple, the cycle is short, nitrogen Content and Fe content precise control, degree of depth deoxidation, oxygen content is low, impurity is few.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
As a example by the nitrogenous heat resisting steel of ST33-12 austenite, use 200Kg vacuum induction melting.
Described vacuum metling technique is as follows:
(1) dispensing:
By graphite, metallic iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum, metallic nickel, metallic copper, metal niobium, tungsten, ferrosilicon, sulfur ferrum, Ferromanganese, nitrogenization manganese metal, carry out dispensing according to the elemental composition of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel ST33-12;
(2) first step deoxidation is smelted:
The graphite of half quality is joined in vacuum drying oven crucible, adds metallic iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum, metallic nickel and gold Belong to copper, in material alloying bucket, be respectively put into remaining graphite, metal niobium, tungsten, ferrosilicon, sulfur ferrum, ferromanganese, nitridation gold Belong to manganese;
When vacuum reaches 10Pa, power transmission carries out alloy melting.After the alloying element added becomes civilized, stopping evacuation, it is right to start Vacuum chamber filling with inert gas carries out smelting gas shield, after the alloying element fine melt of addition, then at temperature 1550 ± 10 DEG C, power Under the conditions of 80kW, refine 20min;
Described noble gas, with volume basis, consists of: nitrogen 60%, argon 40%;
(3) second step deoxidation is smelted:
In crucible, added remaining graphite by hopper, carry out secondary high-temperature refine, simultaneously degree of depth deoxidation, in temperature 1550 ± 10 DEG C, Under the conditions of power 80kW, refine 20min;
After being cooled to 1450 ± 10 DEG C, it is sequentially added into metal niobium, tungsten, ferrosilicon, sulfur ferrum, ferromanganese, nitrogenization manganese metal;Treat Former material has a power failure after melting under 120kW power and lowers the temperature, and adds lower a kind of material, until all adding, nitridation Manganese metal must be eventually adding;
After the alloying element fine melt added, under the conditions of power 120kW, stir 2min, then power is down to 80kW waters Note, is finally incubated 10min, comes out of the stove.
Alloy pours into diameter of phi 50 or diameter of phi 80, long 0.8 meter of bar.Sampling carries out chemical analysis, the results are shown in Table 2, it is seen that Chemical composition is the most qualified.
Table 2 ST33-12 alloying ingredient composition and chemical analysis results table
Embodiment 2
Described vacuum metling technique such as embodiment 1, food ingredient and analysis result are shown in Table 3, it is seen that chemical composition is the most qualified.
Table 3 ST33-12 alloying ingredient composition and chemical analysis results table
Embodiment 3
As a example by the nitrogenous heat resisting steel of ST33-12 austenite, use 200Kg vacuum induction melting.
Described vacuum metling technique is as follows:
(1) dispensing:
By graphite, metallic iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum, metallic nickel, metallic copper, metal niobium, tungsten, ferrosilicon, sulfur ferrum, Ferromanganese, nitrogenization manganese metal, carry out dispensing according to the elemental composition of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel ST33-12;
(2) first step deoxidation is smelted:
The graphite of half quality is joined in vacuum drying oven crucible, adds metallic iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum, metallic nickel and gold Belong to copper, in material alloying bucket, be respectively put into remaining graphite, metal niobium, tungsten, ferrosilicon, sulfur ferrum, ferromanganese, nitridation gold Belong to manganese;
When vacuum reaches 5Pa, power transmission carries out alloy melting.After the alloying element added becomes civilized, stopping evacuation, it is right to start Vacuum chamber filling with inert gas carries out smelting gas shield, after the alloying element fine melt of addition, then at temperature 1550 ± 10 DEG C, power Under the conditions of 70kW, refine 15min;
Described noble gas, with volume basis, consists of: nitrogen 60%, argon 40%;
(3) second step deoxidation is smelted:
In crucible, added remaining graphite by hopper, carry out secondary high-temperature refine, simultaneously degree of depth deoxidation, in temperature 1550 ± 10 DEG C, Under the conditions of power 70kW, refine 15min;
After being cooled to 1450 ± 10 DEG C, it is sequentially added into metal niobium, tungsten, ferrosilicon, sulfur ferrum, ferromanganese, nitrogenization manganese metal;Treat Former material has a power failure after melting under 110kW power and lowers the temperature, and adds lower a kind of material, until all adding, nitridation Manganese metal must be eventually adding;
After the alloying element fine melt added, under the conditions of power 110kW, stir 2min, then power is down to 70kW waters Note, is finally incubated 12min, comes out of the stove.
Alloy pours into diameter of phi 50 or diameter of phi 80, long 0.8 meter of bar.Sampling carries out chemical analysis, the results are shown in Table 4, it is seen that Chemical composition is the most qualified.
Table 4 ST33-12 alloying ingredient composition and chemical analysis results table

Claims (7)

1. the vacuum metling technique of a nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) dispensing: by graphite, metallic iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum, metallic nickel, metallic copper, metal niobium, tungsten, silicon Ferrum, sulfur ferrum, ferromanganese, nitrogenization manganese metal, carry out dispensing according to the elemental composition of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel;
(2) first step deoxidation is smelted:
The graphite of half quality is joined in vacuum drying oven crucible, adds metallic iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum, metallic nickel and gold Belong to copper, when vacuum reaches 5~10Pa, start melting;After the alloying element added becomes civilized, stop evacuation, fill indifferent gas Body, after the alloying element fine melt of addition, under the conditions of temperature 1540~1560 DEG C, power 70~80kW, refine 15~20min;
With volume basis, described noble gas consists of: nitrogen 60%, argon 40%;
(3) second step deoxidation is smelted:
In crucible, add remaining graphite, under the conditions of temperature 1540~1560 DEG C, power 70~80kW, refine 15~ 20min;After being cooled to 1440~1460 DEG C, it is sequentially added into metal niobium, tungsten, ferrosilicon, sulfur ferrum, ferromanganese, nitridation metal Manganese;Add alloying element fine melt after, under the conditions of power 110~120kW stir 2~3min, then power is down to 70~ 80kW pours into a mould, and finally insulation 10~12min, comes out of the stove.
The vacuum metling technique of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (2) In, when vacuum reaches 10Pa, start melting.
The vacuum metling technique of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: step (2) In, after the alloying element fine melt of addition, under the conditions of temperature 1550 DEG C, power 80kW, refine 20min.
The vacuum metling technique of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (3) In, under the conditions of temperature 1550 DEG C, power 80kW, refine 20min.
The vacuum metling technique of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (3) In, after the alloying element fine melt of addition, under the conditions of power 120kW, stir 2min, then power is down to 80kW waters Note, is finally incubated 10min, comes out of the stove.
6. according to the vacuum metling technique of the nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel described in claim 1,4 or 5, it is characterised in that: step Suddenly in (3), be sequentially added into metal niobium, tungsten, ferrosilicon, sulfur ferrum, ferromanganese, the feed postition of nitrogenization manganese metal are: previous Plant material and after fine melt, add latter material, till all adding under the conditions of 110~120kW.
The vacuum metling technique of nitrogen austenite heat resisting steel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: with percent mass Content meter, material purity is, C content >=99% of graphite, and metallic iron is ingot iron, Fe content >=99.8%, crome metal Cr content >=99.99%, Mo content >=99.99% of metal molybdenum, Ni content >=99.99% of metallic nickel, the Cu of metallic copper Content >=99.9%, Nb content >=99.9% of metal niobium, W content >=99.99% of tungsten, ferrosilicon is FeSi77Al0.03, Sulfur ferrum is Iron sulfuret., and ferromanganese is FeMn88C0.2.
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1033291A (en) * 1987-10-14 1989-06-07 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 Chromium manganese nitrogen type austenitic heat-resisting steel
CN102618795A (en) * 2012-03-27 2012-08-01 中信重工机械股份有限公司 Smelting process of nitrogenous high alloy heat-resistant steel ZG3Cr24Ni7N
CN103572178A (en) * 2012-08-07 2014-02-12 上海世传金属材料研发中心 High-temperature-resistant steel and production method thereof
CN103882182A (en) * 2014-03-21 2014-06-25 广州有色金属研究院 Heat-resistant steel melt purification method
CN104073738A (en) * 2014-07-16 2014-10-01 苏州大学 Austenitic heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof
CN104152782A (en) * 2014-07-28 2014-11-19 宁国市开源电力耐磨材料有限公司 Process method for casting corrosion-resistant heat-resistant steel by induction furnace

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1033291A (en) * 1987-10-14 1989-06-07 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 Chromium manganese nitrogen type austenitic heat-resisting steel
CN102618795A (en) * 2012-03-27 2012-08-01 中信重工机械股份有限公司 Smelting process of nitrogenous high alloy heat-resistant steel ZG3Cr24Ni7N
CN103572178A (en) * 2012-08-07 2014-02-12 上海世传金属材料研发中心 High-temperature-resistant steel and production method thereof
CN103882182A (en) * 2014-03-21 2014-06-25 广州有色金属研究院 Heat-resistant steel melt purification method
CN104073738A (en) * 2014-07-16 2014-10-01 苏州大学 Austenitic heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof
CN104152782A (en) * 2014-07-28 2014-11-19 宁国市开源电力耐磨材料有限公司 Process method for casting corrosion-resistant heat-resistant steel by induction furnace

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Denomination of invention: Vacuum smelting process of nitrogen containing austenitic heat resistant steel

Effective date of registration: 20211213

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Pledgee: Commercial Bank of China Yiyuan branch of Limited by Share Ltd

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