CN104671819B - A kind of laser method of attachment of pottery - Google Patents
A kind of laser method of attachment of pottery Download PDFInfo
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- CN104671819B CN104671819B CN201510077013.3A CN201510077013A CN104671819B CN 104671819 B CN104671819 B CN 104671819B CN 201510077013 A CN201510077013 A CN 201510077013A CN 104671819 B CN104671819 B CN 104671819B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the laser method of attachment of a kind of pottery, specific as follows: stay " V " shape or trapezoidal gap in the junction of two ceramic workpieces to be connected；Ceramic beads such as ceramic membrane, ceramic sheet or the ceramic powders same or like with being connected ceramic workpiece performance is laid by layer at gap；After often having spread one layer of ceramic beads, scan preheated ceramic solder with continuous laser, be attached district's surface preparation；Then ultrashort pulse laser scan is used so that ceramic beads is formed with two connected ceramic workpieces and is connected；Lay ceramic beads successively and carry out laser scanning, being so repeated up to connect completely whole gap.The present invention uses ultra-short pulse laser to be radiated on thin ceramic solder, the laser action time is short, and molten bath thickness is thin, injects the connection realizing pottery with relatively low localized heat, it is substantially reduced thermal stress and fire check, has significant improvement in terms of the bonding strength and reliability of technology of ceramic workpiece.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ceramic joining technical field, more particularly, to the laser method of attachment of a kind of pottery.
Background technology
Along with the development of science and technology, composition, performance, manufacturing process and the application of pottery there occurs the change of essence, become from traditional life Chinaware Progression and have the function ceramics of property and high performance engineering ceramics；Simultaneously because the high-temperature behavior of its uniqueness, the performance such as wear-resisting and corrosion-resistant and become the important materials of the high-tech products such as development ceramic engine, magnetohydrodynamic generator and nuclear reaction device, but make part that is that it cannot make complexity and that withstand shocks load due to its serious fragility.Therefore, it is necessary to take interconnection technique to manufacture the ceramic member of complexity.
Soldering and solids control equipment are more suited to the connection of pottery, and are applied.Ceramic soldering method is mainly used in the sealing-in of electron tube, and its shortcoming is that technique is considerably complicated, is limited the biggest by wettability.Solids control equipment requires that whole linkage interface must keep being in close contact, therefore the highest to the requirement on machining accuracy at interface, is unsuitable for the connection of large area and complicated interface.In addition, in addition to diffusion welding (DW), friction welding (FW) and microwave weldering etc. is also had in the solid phase connecting method of pottery, but these methods are the most immature, and there is a lot of shortcoming, such as friction welding (FW) is the purpose imposing severe pressure in instantaneous and being reached combination by aximal deformation value, and the most crisp ceramic material is the most easily broken by big pressure in instantaneous.
At present, what ceramic laser was connected by is interpolation solder bar between two pieces of ceramic workpieces, carbon dioxide laser is used gradually to scan along solder bar, carry out laser connection, owing to connection procedure needing fix the ceramic beads between two pieces of ceramic workpieces and two workpiece with fixture, install therefore to the device carrying out preheating for ceramic workpiece and ceramic beads and bring difficulty, it has not been convenient to preheating.Owing to laser power is higher and beam scanning rate is slower, cause junction temperature higher, and ceramic heat-dissipating poor-performing, therefore carbon dioxide laser has been directly connected to following drawback: solder is too high with workpiece junction temperature, the biggest thermograde is had between joint face and disconnected of ceramic workpiece, thereby produce bigger thermal stress, be easily caused ceramic workpiece and burst；Further, since solder bar has certain thickness, light beam with certain speed and power gradually scan solder bar be difficult to the most uniformly to melt so that solder bar and with ceramic workpiece effect, be therefore difficult to improve bonding strength.
Summary of the invention
Disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement for prior art, the invention provides the laser method of attachment of a kind of pottery, its object is to use continuous laser beam and ultra-short pulse laser bundle Double beams scanning ceramic workpiece join domain at short notice, thus solve ceramic workpiece problem of easy thermal breakage in connection procedure.
For achieving the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is provided that the laser method of attachment of a kind of pottery, following steps are specifically included:
(1) by two pieces of ceramic workpiece horizontal aliguments to be connected, in " V " type between the joint face of two workpiece, the angle of joint face is 15 ° to 45 ° scopes；
(2) one layer of ceramic beads is laid in " V " the groove part gap between two pieces of ceramic workpiece joint faces to be connected；
(3) use continuous laser that the joint face of two pieces of ceramic workpieces to be connected is carried out pretreatment, including to the preheating of joint face and cleaning；And scan ceramic beads, it is preheated；
(4) add extremely short ultra-short pulse laser action time when continuous laser reaches 1/2 to the swash width of joint face, use continuous laser and ultra-short pulse laser dual-beam to scan join domain simultaneously and be connected completely with ceramic workpiece to be connected to ceramic beads；Described join domain includes joint face and the ceramic beads of ceramic workpiece to be connected；Wherein the scanning of continuous laser is join domain insulation so that the join domain temperature difference in connection procedure is the least；The time that ultra-short pulse laser acts on joint face is extremely short, and heat affected area is little, reduces ceramic workpiece thermal breakage risk in connection procedure；
(5) after one layer of ceramic beads is connected completely with ceramic workpiece to be connected, repeat step (2)～(4) immediately: successively laid ceramic beads by the end to top and carry out double light beam laser scanning, the gap being so repeated up between two pieces of ceramic workpieces to be connected is filled up completely with, and two ceramic workpieces to be connected are fully connected.
Preferably, before step (1), the joint face of pretreatment ceramic workpiece to be connected: cut the joint face of ceramic workpiece to be connected, makes the gradient of joint face between 5 ° to 25 °, it is ensured that the joint face angle between two ceramic workpieces to be connected is at 15 ° to 45 °；Angle between ceramic workpiece is arranged on 15 ° to 45 ° scopes, it is simple to operate and ceramic workpiece that irradiation that the person's of avoiding laser is too much causes on ceramic workpiece bursts.
Preferably, in step (1), two pieces of ceramic workpiece horizontal aliguments to be connected, the base of two workpiece is close to fix, make " V " gap between two joint faces the least, to save ceramic beads and to shorten the laser scanning time, reduce ceramic workpiece thermal breakage risk in connecting the course of processing further.
Preferably, ceramic beads laying depth is not more than 0.1mm so that ceramic beads within the shortest time by pulse laser penetration.
Preferably, ceramic beads selects ceramic membrane, ceramic sheet or ceramic powders, uses the ceramic beads of film like, flake or powder preferably can coincide with ceramic workpiece joint face, to improve quality of connection；The material selectivity of ceramic beads can be same or like with ceramic workpiece material to be connected ceramic beads, can further improve the bonding strength of ceramic workpiece and ceramic beads.
Preferably, ceramic beads uses Al2O3-SiO2Or ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2Deng containing SiO2The ceramic thin sheet of powder, ceramic sheet or ceramic powders；Metal-to-metal adhesive ZnO and glass glue SiO2Solder is made to have higher stretch-proof and shear strength with the land of ceramic workpiece.
Preferably, for Al2O3Ceramic workpiece, selects containing Al2O3Composite ceramics solder with MgO.
Preferably, step (3) uses CO2Continuous wave laser is attached district's surface preparation, and laser power is 200W 300W, scanning speed 0.8 1.5mm/s.
Preferably, step (4) uses the scan method that Multiple hop is filled along the centrage scanning of ceramic beads face horizontal direction, same irradiation position is used multiple-pulse radiation modality；Use Multiple hop scanning for alleviating the excessively concentration of heat, it is to avoid ceramic workpiece burning to be connected.
Preferably, step (4) uses continuous scan method scan along the centrage along ceramic beads face horizontal direction, same irradiation position is used pulse radiation modality.
Preferably, ultra-short pulse laser uses nanosecond, psec or femto-second laser to produce, and chooses according to the joint face area of ceramic workpiece to be connected.
Preferably, the laser power of the ultra-short pulse laser used in step (4) is 200 400W, scanning speed is 0.8 1.5mm/s, spot size is 1mm*1mm 4mm*4mm, light spot shape is the shape of a saddle or close to the shape of a saddle, beam center energy density is little, and peripheral energy density is big, heat concentration of spot center on ceramic beads can be neutralized so that hot spot irradiation area reaches the equilibrium of heat and improves quality of connection and the intensity of ceramic workpiece；The parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and spot size meet lays the complete penetration of layer, and upper surface not burning, can form ceramic of compact between lower surface with cured ceramic beads, solder two ends and the joint face of to be connected two ceramic workpieces and be connected.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, it is possible to obtain following beneficial effect:
(1) the ceramic laser method of attachment that the present invention provides, by the Angle ambiguity of " V " the groove part gap between the joint face of two ceramic workpieces at 15 ° to 45 °；The laser head of ultrashort pulse laser during angle too small is avoided to cannot be introduced into bonding pad or too much the irradiating on ceramic workpiece thus result in quality of connection and decline and the bursting of ceramic workpiece of laser；The calmodulin binding domain CaM of ceramic beads and the ceramic workpiece excessive reduction causing bonding strength when also avoiding angle excessive；
(2) the ceramic laser method of attachment that the present invention provides have employed ceramic beads unlike the prior art in connection procedure, ceramic beads can select ceramic membrane, ceramic sheet or ceramic powders, and ceramic beads at short period penetration and is combined with ceramic workpiece；Play the effect that the ceramic workpiece avoiding thermograde excessive between ceramic workpiece joint face and disconnected and cause bursts；
(3) in the ceramic laser method of attachment that the present invention provides, the laying depth of the ceramic beads used is within 0.1mm, make ceramic beads by pulse laser penetration within the shortest time, and then reducing the thermograde between ceramic workpiece joint face and disconnected, it is to avoid ceramic workpiece bursts at connection procedure；
(4) continuous wave laser that the ceramic laser method of attachment that the present invention provides uses is in addition to preheating for ceramic beads, the also ceramic workpiece joint face region for being combined with ceramic beads carries out surface process, cleaning calmodulin binding domain CaM, reduce the impurity of join domain, serve good facilitation for improving the bond strength minimizing land pore of ceramic workpiece to be connected；
(5) the ceramic laser method of attachment that the present invention provides, uses continuous laser and ultra-short pulse laser Double beams scanning, and continuous laser therein scanning is for being incubated for join domain so that the join domain temperature difference in connection procedure is the least；And ultra-short pulse laser is as the laser connected, compared with connecting with continuous laser, ultra-short pulse laser is short for action time, required laser power is low, heat affected area is little, and ceramic workpiece to be connected is heated little, and the coalition heat radiation after having connected is slow, junction temperature high and and next layer of ceramic beads and ceramic workpiece between thermograde little, largely avoid the thermal breakage of ceramic workpiece；
(6) in the preferred version of the ceramic laser method of attachment that the present invention provides, the hot spot of the ultrashort pulse used is the shape of a saddle, shape of a saddle hot spot has clear superiority compared with traditional rectangle or circular and oval hot spot, when tradition hot spot is radiated on ceramic beads, the heat that spot center region obtains can more be concentrated, and the heat around obtained successively decreases outward；And using the shape of a saddle, beam center energy density is little, and energy density is the biggest the most outward, can neutralize heat concentration of spot center on ceramic beads so that hot spot irradiation area can reach the equilibrium of heat, can improve quality of connection and the intensity of ceramic workpiece；
(7), in the preferred version of the ceramic laser method of attachment that the present invention provides, ceramic beads uses Al2O3-SiO2Or ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2Deng containing SiO2The ceramic thin sheet of powder, ceramic sheet or ceramic powders, with common Al2O3Ceramic beads is compared and is added metal-to-metal adhesive ZnO and glass glue SiO2So that solder has higher stretch-proof and shear strength with the land of ceramic workpiece.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the laser method of attachment schematic diagram of the pottery that the present invention provides；
Fig. 2 is the double light beam laser schematic diagram that the present invention uses；
Fig. 3 is the path of ultrashort pulse jump scanning in the ceramic laser method of attachment that the present invention provides；
Fig. 4 is the shape of a saddle ultrashort pulse light spot shape that the present invention uses；
Fig. 5 is that in the ceramic laser method of attachment that the present invention provides, ceramic beads stacking connects effect；
In all of the figs, identical reference is used for representing identical element or structure, wherein: 1-first ceramic workpiece to be connected, 2-second ceramic workpiece to be connected, the gap of 3-workpiece junction, 4-ceramic beads, 5-continuous laser, 6-ultra-short pulse laser.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.As long as just can be mutually combined additionally, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of invention described below does not constitutes conflict each other.
In an embodiment of the present invention, use the laser method of attachment that the present invention provides to two pieces of Al to be connected2O3Ceramic workpiece is attached, specific as follows:
(1) cutting the joint face of ceramic workpiece to be connected, the gradient of beveling and cutting is at 5 ° to 25 ° so that two pieces of Al to be connected2O3" V " shape gap 3 opening between ceramic workpiece is at 15 ° to 45 °；Utilize fixture by Al to be connected2O3Ceramic workpiece 1 and Al to be connected2O3Ceramic workpiece 2 horizontal aligument extruding fixes, two pieces of Al2O3Ceramic workpiece fix after as shown in Figure 1；
(2) with discharge tube " V " shape gap 3 layer overlay thickness be not more than 0.1mm containing SiO2The Al of powder2O3Ceramic powders 4；
(3) CO is utilized2Continuous wave laser 5 is attached district's surface preparation to reduce impurity and the land pore of join domain；Including to the preheating of joint face and cleaning；And it is preheated by scanning ceramic beads；The power of continuous laser is 200W 300W, scanning speed 0.8mm/s 1.5mm/s；
(4) CO is worked as2Continuous wave laser reaches 1/2 to the swash width of ceramic beads, adds nanosecond ultrashort pulse laser 6；Utilize CO2Continuous wave laser and nanosecond ultrashort pulse laser 6 quickly scan join domain, and turntable driving uses ABB welding robot, and the centrage along ceramic beads face uses Multiple hop to fill scan method, and jump drop point is as shown in black bars in Fig. 3；The method using Multiple hop scanning can be alleviated heat and excessively concentrates, it is to avoid Al2O3Ceramic workpiece 1 and 2 burning；Scanning speed is 0.8mm/s 1.5mm/s；Laser power is 200W 400W, and spot size is 1mm*1mm 4mm*4mm；As shown in Figure 4, for the shape of a saddle or close to the shape of a saddle, spot center energy is less than ambient energy to light spot shape, to neutralize heat on ceramic beads in hot spot center set so that hot spot irradiation area heat reaches equilibrium, to improve quality of connection and the intensity of ceramic workpiece；
(5) one layer laid in advance is treated containing SiO2The Al of powder2O3Solder 4 and Al2O3After ceramic workpiece 1 and 2 connects completely, repeating above step (2)～(4) immediately, until the gap between two ceramic workpieces to be connected is filled up completely with, two ceramic workpieces to be connected are fully connected；In connection procedure, ceramic beads successively stacks the effect of connection as shown in Figure 5.
In the real-time example of the present invention, the ceramic beads 4 of laying can also is that a layer thickness be not more than 0.1mm containing SiO2The Al of powder2O3Ceramic membrane or ceramic sheet.
In an embodiment of the present invention, ultra-short pulse laser 6 can also use picosecond laser or femto-second laser to produce.
The ceramic beads used in an embodiment be thickness be not more than 0.1mm containing SiO2Al2O3Ceramic beads, wherein SiO2The application of material makes solder have higher stretch-proof and shear strength with the land of ceramic workpiece；The very thin thickness of single-layer ceramic solder, gets final product penetration within the extremely short time, reduces the thermograde of join domain and non-attached area further, reduces the ceramic workpiece risk at connection procedure thermal breakage.
The most crucial, use continuous laser to use continuous laser and ultra-short pulse laser Double beams scanning after join domain carries out pretreatment in an embodiment；Wherein the scanning of continuous laser is join domain insulation so that the join domain temperature difference in connection procedure is the least；Wherein the action time of short pulse laser beam is extremely short, required laser power is low, heat affected area is little, ceramic workpiece to be connected is heated little, and the coalition heat radiation after having connected is slow, high and between joint and next layer of ceramic beads and ceramic workpiece the thermograde of junction temperature is little, further avoids ceramic workpiece thermal breakage in connection procedure.
In general, the present invention considers from the many aspects such as the process of pretreatment, the selection of ceramic beads, the selection of type of laser and operating procedure to workpiece to be connected, it is provided that a kind of solve ceramic workpiece laser method of attachment of the problem of easy thermal breakage in connection procedure.
Those skilled in the art is easy to understand; the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendment, equivalent and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a ceramic laser method of attachment, it is characterised in that described method of attachment specifically includes following steps:
(1) by two pieces of ceramic workpiece horizontal aliguments to be connected, in " V " type between the joint face of two workpiece, the angle of joint face is 15 ° to 45 ° scopes；
(2) one layer of ceramic beads is laid in " V " the groove part gap between two pieces of ceramic workpiece joint faces to be connected；
(3) use continuous laser that the joint face of two pieces of ceramic workpieces to be connected is carried out pretreatment, including to the preheating of joint face and cleaning；And scan ceramic beads, it is preheated；
(4) add extremely short ultra-short pulse laser action time when continuous laser reaches 1/2 to the swash width of joint face, use continuous laser and ultra-short pulse laser dual-beam quickly to scan join domain simultaneously；Described join domain includes treating ceramic beads and the joint face of ceramic workpiece to be connected；
(5) after one layer of ceramic beads is connected completely with ceramic workpiece to be connected, repeat step (2)～(4): successively laid ceramic beads by the end to top and carry out double light beam laser scanning, the gap being so repeated up between two pieces of ceramic workpieces to be connected is filled up completely with, and two ceramic workpieces to be connected are fully connected.
2. laser method of attachment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, before step (1), the joint face of pretreatment ceramic workpiece to be connected: cut the joint face of ceramic workpiece to be connected, make the gradient of joint face between 5 ° to 25 ° so that the joint face angle between two ceramic workpieces to be connected is at 15 ° to 45 °.
3. laser method of attachment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in step (1), by two pieces of ceramic workpiece horizontal aliguments to be connected, make the base of two workpiece be close to fix, reduce " V " gap between two joint faces.
4. method of attachment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that ceramic beads laying depth is not more than 0.1mm.
5. method of attachment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that ceramic beads uses containing SiO2The ceramic thin sheet of powder, ceramic sheet or ceramic powders.
6. method of attachment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that for Al2O3Ceramic workpiece, selects containing Al2O3Composite ceramics solder with MgO.
7. the method for attachment as described in claim 1 or 2 or 5, it is characterised in that described step (3) uses CO2Continuous wave laser carries out pretreatment and preheats ceramic beads joint face, and laser power is 200W 300W, scanning speed 0.8 1.5mm/s.
8. the method for attachment as described in claim 1 or 2 or 5, it is characterised in that use the scan method that Multiple hop is filled along the centrage scanning of ceramic beads face horizontal direction in step (4), same irradiation position is used multiple-pulse radiation modality；Use Multiple hop scanning for alleviating the excessively concentration of heat, it is to avoid ceramic workpiece burning to be connected.
9. the method for attachment as described in claim 1 or 2 or 5, it is characterised in that use continuous scan method to scan along the centrage of ceramic beads face horizontal direction in step (4).
10. method of attachment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the laser power of the ultra-short pulse laser used in step (4) is 200-400W, and scanning speed is 0.8-1.5mm/s, spot size is 1mm*1mm-4mm*4mm, and light spot shape is the shape of a saddle.
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| CN104909794A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-16 | 华中科技大学 | Ceramic composite steel tube lining joint welding flux for oil-gas transportation |
| CN105414764B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of connection method manufactured based on laser gain material that synchronously preheating is aided in of TIG electric arcs |
| CN109637785A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-16 | 东莞普思电子有限公司 | Network transformer and its method for laser welding |
| WO2021021687A1 (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-02-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Ultrafast laser welding of ceramics |
| CN110640307B (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2020-12-01 | 清华大学 | Functional ceramic welding device based on time domain shaping femtosecond laser |
| CN111153709A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-15 | 南京理工大学 | Method for connecting transparent ceramics by adopting ultra-narrow laser |
| CN114012255B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-05-09 | 清华大学 | Ceramic welding method and ceramic welding equipment |
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