CN104671591A - Water quality safeguard system and water quality safeguard method for drinking water reservoir - Google Patents
Water quality safeguard system and water quality safeguard method for drinking water reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN104671591A CN104671591A CN201510039324.0A CN201510039324A CN104671591A CN 104671591 A CN104671591 A CN 104671591A CN 201510039324 A CN201510039324 A CN 201510039324A CN 104671591 A CN104671591 A CN 104671591A
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/33—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using wind energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
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- Revetment (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a water quality safeguard system and a water quality safeguard method for a drinking water reservoir. According to the water quality safeguard system and the water quality safeguard method, an automatic water quality monitoring mechanism, a water inflow regulating and controlling mechanism, a reservoir area water ecology mechanism and a water outflow regulating and controlling mechanism are adopted to treat raw water which flows from a river channel into the reservoir. The water quality safeguard system and the water quality safeguard method, provided by the invention, have a wide application range, play a favorable role in water qualification and water quality safeguard of drinking water reservoirs in plain and mountain areas, have the advantages of high water quality safeguard property, good water qualification effect and high water supply safety, reflect the concepts of ecological preservation, low carbon, environmental protection and the like, have high economy, high practicability and wide applicability, are especially suitable to popularize and apply among drinking water reservoirs with unstable raw water quality, long water retention time, eutrophication risks, low water supply assurance rates and emergency water storage functions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydro project and field of environment engineering technology, relate to a kind of water quality safeguards system and support method thereof of drinking water reservoirs, the water quality safeguards system and the water quality that are specifically related to the long drinking water reservoirs of a kind of exchange cycle maintain, the support method of eutrophication control and water quality safety.
Background technology
Tap water service reservoir, as the important sources ground of urban population tap water, needs to ensure its water quality safety.At present, there is water colour greening, water body peculiar smell, fish kills in China's many tap water service reservoir, water quality is unstable, algae assembles, Eutrophic Extent one or more problem high.Cause the reason of service reservoir change of water quality numerous, wherein the reason of main also most critical is: mountain reservoir is by the upland water water yield and rain time restriction pockety, the reservoir of plains region is subject to the impact of River-Net Water Quality instability, annual tap water water supply requirement is met in order to the former water of abundant high-quality can be stored, often build the larger reservoir filling of storage capacity according to landform, this just causes the exchange rate of reservoir water body low, the residence time is long, water body flow is poor, add entering and the impact of atmospheric falling dust of outside pollution of area source, Reservoir Water Quality is progressively deteriorated, and then affect water supply fraction.
At present, in order to solve the water quality deterioration problem of the long service reservoir of water exchange flux, part reservoir takes throws in fish as silver carp, bighead etc., reduces the gathering of algae; Reservoir plantation emergent, increases the cleaning action to water body; Routine monitoring is carried out to water supply quality; Gulf, storehouse, local supplements the measures such as oxygenation.These measures can play a role to reservoir area, local, but maintain and water supply security guarantee for the water correction of full reservoir and the water quality of high-quality water body, and still there is very large deficiency, effect is unsatisfactory.
Visible, the water quality safeguards technique of existing tap water service reservoir has significant limitation, need for further research and exploration.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of water quality safeguards system and support method thereof of drinking water reservoirs, to overcome the above-mentioned technical problem existed in prior art.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of water quality safeguards system of drinking water reservoirs, include automatic water quality monitoring mechanism, water inlet regulating and controlling mechanism, reservoir area Ecology mechanism, water outlet regulating and controlling mechanism; Wherein, described automatic water quality monitoring organization establishes delays stagnant area, water outlet in the intake of reservoir, reservoir center water stream; Described water inlet regulating and controlling mechanism includes multipoint water feeding passage and flow control apparatus for water, described multipoint water feeding channel connection river course and reservoir, and described flow control apparatus for water is arranged on the intake near one end, river course in described multipoint water feeding passage; Described reservoir area Ecology mechanism comprises ecological revetment, lakeside purification zone, bio operon facility and circulation reoxygenation device, described ecological revetment is structured in reservoir, described lakeside purification zone is connected with ecological revetment, be structured in ecological revetment near side, waters, described circulation reoxygenation device is arranged on reservoir center water stream and delays stagnant area, and described bio operon distribution of facilities is arranged in Reservoir region; Described water outlet regulating and controlling mechanism includes water outlet control facility and surface water overfall facility, described water outlet control facility is arranged on most strong wind upwind place frequently, Reservoir region, comprise pump works and surmount delivery pipe, described go out pump works be connected with water factory by rising pipe, the described delivery pipe that surmounts to be arranged on rising pipe and the other end is connected with river course, described rising pipe and water factory, surmounts delivery pipe junction and is respectively equipped with gate; The most strong wind that described surface water overfall facility is arranged on Reservoir region frequently or secondary strong wind lower wind direction place frequently, and is connected with river course by communicating pipe.
Preferably, the equipment room of described automatic water quality monitoring mechanism is arranged on water intake pumping station, goes out in pump works or the bank of water body.
Preferably, described automatic monitoring measures water level and puts and stretch into water body 3 ~ 100m.Described monitoring index is the main contamination index of water body, comprises pH, COD
mn, DO, NH
3-N, TN, TP etc.The monitoring facilities being arranged on intake place also should increase the poisonous and harmful indexs such as monitoring volatile phenol, and increases the monitoring of the hydrographic data such as water level in river course.
Preferably, the intake of described reservoir is arranged on former water flows into the multipoint water feeding passage of reservoir water inlet from river course.
Preferably, the water outlet of described reservoir is arranged on the intake place pump works of described water outlet control facility.
Preferably, described reservoir center water stream is delayed stagnant area and is referred to that the reservoir center depth of water comparatively dark (>=4m), hydrodynamic condition are poor, the impact of water body surface current speed by wind, and middle lower layer of water rate of flow of fluid is less than 0.001m/s, the region that the water body residence time is longer.
Preferably, described multipoint water feeding passage is more than two water entrys be connected with reservoir excavated from the different positions in river course; Or described multipoint water feeding passage is the total water entry be connected with reservoir from channel excavation one, total water entry arranges plural point of water entry and connects reservoir.Described multipoint water feeding passage is conducive to forming multipoint water feeding at reservoir.
Further, described multipoint water feeding passage is the water entry of more than two, is connected from two different river courses with reservoir.Described multipoint water feeding passage Various Seasonal can preferably the good river course of water quality as the water source of reservoir.
Further, the specification of described water entry is identical.Preferably, the specification of described water entry is 3-10m × 2-3m × 10-100m (wide × dark × long).
Further, the interval between described water entry is identical.Preferably, the spacing distance >=30m between described water entry.More excellent, the spacing distance between described water entry is 30-50m.
Further, the specification of described total water entry is for being 5-20m × 3-4m × 100-300m (wide × dark × long).
Further, the specification of described point of water entry is identical.Preferably, the specification of described point of water entry is 3-10m × 2-3m × 10-50m (wide × dark × long).
Further, the interval between described point of water entry is identical.Preferably, the spacing distance >=30m between described point of water entry.More excellent, the spacing distance between described subchannel is 30-50m.
Further, in described multipoint water feeding passage current the residence time >=4-6 hour.When multipoint water feeding passage only opens a passage, guarantee that total water withdrawal of 70% can pass through from this passage, and the residence time is not less than 4 hours.
Preferably, described flow control apparatus for water be selected from that plane gate, Segment gate, miter gate, arched gate, ball lock, cylinder gate, gate valve, ball valve, concrete dam and gate combine, in concrete dam and valve combination any one.
Preferably, described flow control apparatus for water can realize opening completely and close completely, also can rest in certain open degree.By the keying of gate and the adjustment of different open degree, control the flooding velocity and the position that enter reservoir, for improving the fluidised form of slow stagnant area.Described flow control apparatus for water according to outer river Various Seasonal water body sediment concentration situation, should be taken the water body that sediment concentration is less, generally takes water body at the middle and upper levels.
Preferably, water quality pre-treatment facility is also provided with in described multipoint water feeding passage.
Further, described water quality pre-treatment facility is selected from one or more combinations in settler, oxygen-increasing device, microbial flocculation device, biomembrane purification device, waterplant interception refining plant, gravel dam interception refining plant etc.Combination technique used is the technology being suitable for carrying out purified in situ in water body.Described water quality pre-treatment facility by the silt of one or more pretreatment unit precipitinogen water, improve water transparency and rough purification water quality.Described water quality pre-treatment facility, according to site contour, is located in multipoint water feeding passage, without the need to other land occupation.
Preferably, described water quality pre-treatment facility is the combination of settler, waterplant interception refining plant and gravel dam interception refining plant.Wherein, described water quality pretreatment condition is: the residence time of pre-treatment facility, as the concentration of suspension >100mg/L of former water, the residence time was 8 ~ 12h at 4 ~ 12h; During concentration of suspension <100mg/L, the residence time is 4 ~ 8h; The settling region depth of water controls at 2 ~ 3m, and the flow velocity of plant interception and the interception of gravel dam answers <0.005 ~ 0.01m/s.Pre-treatment facility, according to different technologies requirement, under the prerequisite guaranteeing inflow-rate of water turbine, can take multipoint water feeding passage in whole or in part.
Preferably, the water outlet going out pump works described in is arranged on away from multipoint water feeding passage and branch afflux mouth place.Described go out the water outlet of pump works be not located at the concave bank place of the luvside of prevailing wind direction in summer, should there be the depth of water of more than 2.5m at intake place, is not located in the reed marshes on bank, in order to avoid affect water quality because of suction blocking intake vegeto-animal in water.
Preferably, going out pump works water outlet described in adopts self filling type water sucting mode to carry.Described self filling type water sucting mode makes all to be full of water in hydraulic pipe always, during starting mode of pump, eliminates the time of exhaust of pouring water, can put into operation rapidly.The water of lower floor in reservoir can be transported to water purification plant, avoid the short stream of water body.
Preferably, the caliber surmounting delivery pipe described in arranges the requirement meeting reservoir emptying in 2 ~ 5 days.
Preferably, the bore surmounting delivery pipe and rising pipe upper lock gate described in is consistent with the diameter of place rising pipe.To reduce local head loss.
Preferably, described surface water overfall facility collects the floating matter at below water surface 0-20cm place.
Preferably, described surface water overfall facility is selected from and strains in water device, cast iron hydraucone upwards, adjustable overflow weir any one.
Further, describedly strain water device or the bell-mouthed bottom of cast iron is upwards connected with communicating pipe by flexible pipe, overflow port is 20cm place below the water surface, described in strain water device or the bell-mouthed top of cast iron is upwards provided with buoyancy aid, swim in water, fluctuate with the variation of water level.
Further, described adjustable overflow weir crest of weir according to fluctuation of water table situation can manual shift lower than 10 ~ 20cm place to the water surface.
Further, described in strain water device and the bell-mouthed inlet of cast iron is upwards arranged, the inlet total area is communicating pipe 1.5 ~ 2 times of basal area.
Further, described adjustable overflow weir comprises overflow well, adjustable overflow inlet water eliminator, buoyancy aid and control gate; Buoyancy aid is arranged on water eliminator, and the overflow layer height controlling water eliminator top is 10 ~ 20cm; Control valve is arranged in overflow well, is connected with described communicating pipe, is carried out the water displacement on controlling water kick weir by the adjustment of keying degree.
The most strong wind of described Reservoir region frequently or secondary strong wind frequently lower wind direction place be algae and other floating matter convergence points, described surface water overfall facility can prevent a small amount of algae floating matter from assembling impact on Reservoir Water Quality.
Further, one or more combinations such as anti-corrosive steel tube, cast iron pipe, HDPE pipe, PPR pipe, UPVC pipe are selected from described communicating pipe.
Preferably, described ecological revetment is the shore protection, bank protection or the barricade that adopt embankment material to build at reservoir.
Described reservoir refers in reservoir around Reservoir wall one week position.
Further, described embankment material is selected from and plants immature soil slope, porousness eco-concrete block, piling and layout of stones, jackstone, gauze pad vegetation, ecological film bag, one or more combinations of filling in the natural or artificial material of the gabion net cage etc. of gravel.
Preferably, described embankment material is one or more combinations in the jackstone of wind wave prevention, the gabion net cage of filling gravel and porousness eco-concrete block.Described embankment material is hydrophilic embankment material, and appropriate biological is perched and grown, and increases the ecological property of shore protection, can ensure the stability and safety of side slope, and the erosion of reply stormy waves, can be communicated with again the Commodity flow between land and water and energy flow.
Preferably, described lakeside purification zone is extend to the land-based area green belt of waters planting plants, water table fluctuation, shoaling water by the land-based area in storehouse week.
Described lakeside purification zone is by building the purification zone of different zones at reservoir, by heavy water, floating leaf, endure the reasonably combined of the plants such as water, humidogene and terrestrial plant, build the ecological Lakeside Zone of complete series, as waters and the material of land-based area and the exchange zone of energy, effectively interception and purification enter the pollutent of reservoir from storehouse week.
Preferably, described land-based area green belt is the scope can planting terrestrial plant within the scope of the above water reservoir management of reservoir top water-level.
Preferably, described water table fluctuation refers to reservoir normal operation period (not containing the Maintenance and Repair phase), the change of level band that the top water-level run in storehouse and lowest water level were formed in storehouse week.
Preferably, the storehouse week shoaling water of described lakeside purification zone is the reservoir surrounding depth of water is the region of 0-1.5m.
Preferably, the storehouse week shoaling water width of described lakeside purification zone is traditionally arranged to be 20-100m.It is the main body of reservoir cleaning.
Preferably, described lakeside purification zone plants planting submerged plant, floatingleaved plant, emergent, hygrophyte and terrestrial plant by waters successively to land-based area.
More excellent, water depth 0.8-1.5m place kind of planting submerged plant in the purification zone of described lakeside, water depth 0.3-0.8m place plantation floatingleaved plant, water depth≤0.3m place plantation emergent, water table fluctuation plantation hygrophyte, more than water table fluctuation plants terrestrial plant.
Optimum, described submerged plant is selected from one or more combinations in hydrilla verticillata, p.malaianus, watermifoil, water caltrop, eel grass, hornwort, waterweed, Herba Potamogetonis Pectinati, poly-algae etc.
Optimum, described floatingleaved plant is selected from one or more combinations such as water lily, chrysanthemum floating heart, Gorgon fruit and wild water chestnut.
Optimum, described emergent is selected from one or more combinations in Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail, reed, aquatic Canna generalis Bailey, lotus, iris, yellow flag, wild rice etc.
Optimum, described hygrophyte is selected from one or more combinations of yew, Chi Shan, Bermuda grass, cyperus alternifolius and foreign ivy.
Optimum, described terrestrial plant is selected from that silk tree, fragrant camphor tree, yulan, Hibisci Mutabilis, Chinese ilex, Yunnan Huang are fragrant, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, green onion orchid, leaf of Hedge Bamboo, Stem or Leaf of Fortune Euonymus, ivy, Chinese wistaria, Parthenocissus quinuefolia one or more combine.
More excellent, the cultivated area of described submerged plant accounts for more than 15 ~ 20% of reservoir surface area, and accounts for more than 60 ~ 80% of lakeside purification zone area.
More excellent, described hygrophyte configuration should based on draft and shrub plant, and plant growing kind is no less than 6 kinds, the plantation of arbor alternative.
More excellent, described terrestrial plant configuration Ying Qiao, filling, grass collocation, total terrestrial plant kind is no less than 7 kinds, and wherein arbor class is no less than 2 kinds, and shrub (rattan bamboo) class is no less than 2 kinds, and draft (cover plant) is no less than 3 kinds.
Preferably, described bio operon facility is the hydrocoles thrown in Reservoir region.Described bio operon facility is thrown in multiple hydrocoles and is carried out the purification of filter food in reservoir, is formed and is beneficial to the complete Food-Chain System that reservoir purification function is stablized and strengthened to the ecosystem.
Further, described hydrocoles includes filter-feeding fish, ferociousness fish and zoobenthos.
Preferably, described filter-feeding fish comprises silver carp and bighead.Described filter-feeding fish is food with cheek breathing, with plant plankton.
More excellent, the input ratio of described silver carp and bighead is 4:1.
More excellent, the input density of described filter-feeding fish is 2000 ~ 3000g/ mu.
Preferably, described ferociousness fish comprise mandarin fish, snakeheaded fish and Culter fish.Described ferociousness fish for food, are the key reducing herbivorous fishes quantity with the fish egg fish of herbivorous fishes.
More excellent, the input density of described ferociousness fish is 500 ~ 700g/ mu.
Preferably, described zoobenthos is selected from one or more combinations in Hyriopsis cumingii and Cipangopaludina chinensis etc.
More excellent, the input density of described zoobenthos is 200 ~ 400g/ mu.
Described bio operon keeps the stable of aquatic ecosystem by throwing in multiple hydrocoles, and purify water, utilize filter-feeding fish to the filter food effect of plant plankton, gathering of effective minimizing algae, the input of zoobenthos can extend the biologic chain of the ecosystem, makes reservoir ecosystem more stable and complete.
Preferably, described circulation reoxygenation device to be selected from the microkinetic mixed cycle reoxygenation facilities such as efficience oxygen increasing machine, circulation reoxygenation machine and the aerator utilizing sun power, wind energy or electrical energy drive any one.
Further, the power of described Micro-power cycle reoxygenation facility is greater than 120W/ platform, what every complete equipment covered circulate coverage of water centered by described Micro-power cycle reoxygenation facility, radius is 50 ~ 100m scope.
Described microkinetic mixed cycle reoxygenation facility can swim on the water surface, fluctuates, have wind and wave resistance, anti-lightning with the fluctuation of the water surface, and remote data is carried, prevent the modules such as interference bed mud.Described microkinetic mixed cycle reoxygenation facility can improve the dissolved oxygen of water body, improves local water body fluidised form, improves water quality layering, suppresses algae to assemble, increases the circulation exchange capacity of water body, increase self purification of water body function.
Preferably, the water yield of regulating and storing of described reservoir is generally no more than 7 ~ 10 days.To avoid, because the water body residence time is long, occurring body eutrophication.If the Reservoir Operation water yield was more than 10 days, then described circulation reoxygenation device should be utilized to carry out microcirculation in storehouse, strengthen the replacement cycle of water body, improve water body fluidised form.
Invention further provides a kind of purposes of water quality safeguards system in the water quality ensureing drinking water reservoirs of drinking water reservoirs.
Invention further provides a kind of water quality support method of drinking water reservoirs, adopt automatic water quality monitoring mechanism monitoring water quality, the water quality safeguards system that the former water in river course introduces above-mentioned drinking water reservoirs is processed, specifically comprises the following steps:
1) when automatic water quality monitoring mechanism is when intake monitoring water quality is normal, open water flow control device, the former water in river course is made to flow into reservoir through multipoint water feeding passage, former water is after water quality pre-treatment facility, ecological revetment, lakeside purification zone, the process of bio operon facility, go out pump works again through water outlet control facility, be delivered to water factory's process by rising pipe;
2) when automatic water quality monitoring mechanism is when intake monitoring water quality is abnormal, close flow control apparatus for water immediately, separate the former water in river course and be communicated with reservoir water body, utilize reservoir filling to water factory's normal water supply;
3) when automatic water quality monitoring mechanism is normal in intake monitoring water quality, reservoir center water stream delay stagnant area monitoring water quality abnormal and water outlet monitoring water quality is normal time, open water flow control device, former water is made to flow into reservoir through multipoint water feeding passage, former water is through water quality pre-treatment facility, ecological revetment, lakeside purification zone, the process of bio operon facility, and in simultaneously ON cycle reoxygenation device purification reservoir after water quality, go out pump works again through water outlet control facility, be delivered to water factory's process by rising pipe;
4) when automatic water quality monitoring mechanism is abnormal in water outlet monitoring water quality, and water body Determination of Chlorophyll content is normal value more than 3 times and other indexs are up to standard time, open surface water overfall facility, by be gathered in Reservoir region most strong wind frequently or the secondary strong wind floating matter at lower wind direction place and algae frequently, through entering river course communicating pipe;
5) when automatic water quality monitoring mechanism is abnormal in water outlet monitoring water quality, and when in water body, pollutent index exceedes centralized drinking water source area standard limited value more than 1.5 times, close flow control apparatus for water immediately, and close water outlet control facility goes out the valve of pump works to water factory, the valve opened the rising pipe on water outlet control facility simultaneously and surmount between delivery pipe, by water body abnormal in reservoir through surmounting discharged to river course, finally open water flow control device water-filling again again.
Preferably, described reservoir is drinking water reservoirs.
Preferably, described automatic water quality monitoring organization establishes delays stagnant area, water outlet in the intake of reservoir, reservoir center water stream.
The equipment room of described automatic water quality monitoring mechanism is arranged on water intake pumping station, go out pump works in or the bank of water body, water body 3 ~ 100m is stretched in water intaking position.Regularly by water pump, water body is promoted to equipment room automatically to monitor.
Further, the automatic monitoring time limit of described automatic water quality monitoring mechanism is 4-24 hour/time.
Described monitoring index is the main contamination index of water body, comprises pH, COD
mn, DO, NH
3-N, TN, TP etc.The monitoring facilities being arranged on intake place also should increase the poisonous and harmful indexs such as monitoring volatile phenol, and increases the monitoring of the hydrographic data such as water level in river course.
Preferably, the intake of described reservoir is arranged on former water flows into the multipoint water feeding passage of reservoir water inlet from river course.
Preferably, the water outlet of described reservoir is arranged on the intake place pump works of described water outlet control facility.
Preferably, described reservoir center water stream is delayed stagnant area and is referred to that the reservoir center depth of water comparatively dark (>=4m), hydrodynamic condition are poor, the impact of water body surface current speed by wind, and middle lower layer of water rate of flow of fluid is less than 0.001m/s, the region that the water body residence time is longer.
Preferably, described multipoint water feeding channel connection river course and reservoir, described flow control apparatus for water is arranged on the intake near one end, river course in described multipoint water feeding passage.
Further, described multipoint water feeding passage is more than two water entrys be connected with reservoir excavated from the different positions in river course; Or described multipoint water feeding passage is the total water entry be connected with reservoir from channel excavation one, total water entry arranges plural point of water entry and connects reservoir.Described multipoint water feeding passage is conducive to forming multipoint water feeding at reservoir.
Preferably, described multipoint water feeding passage is the water entry of more than two, is connected from two different river courses with reservoir.Described multipoint water feeding passage Various Seasonal can preferably the good river course of water quality as the water source of reservoir.
Preferably, the specification of described water entry is identical.More excellent, the specification of described water entry is 3-10m × 2-3m × 10-100m (wide × dark × long).
Preferably, the interval between described water entry is identical.More excellent, the spacing distance >=30m between described water entry.Optimum, the spacing distance between described water entry is 30-50m.
Preferably, the specification of described total water entry is 5-20m × 3-4m × 100-300m (wide × dark × long).
Preferably, the specification of described subchannel is identical.More excellent, the specification of described subchannel is 3-10m × 2-3m × 10-50m (wide × dark × long).
Preferably, the interval between described subchannel is identical.More excellent, the spacing distance >=30m between described subchannel.Optimum, the spacing distance between described subchannel is 30-50m.
Preferably, in described multipoint water feeding passage current the residence time >=4-6 hour.When multipoint water feeding passage only opens a passage, guarantee that total water withdrawal of 70% can pass through from this passage, and the residence time is not less than 4 hours.
Further, described flow control apparatus for water be selected from that plane gate, Segment gate, miter gate, arched gate, ball lock, cylinder gate, gate valve, ball valve, concrete dam and gate combine, in concrete dam and valve combination any one.
Further, described flow control apparatus for water can realize opening completely and close completely, also can rest in certain open degree.By the keying of gate and the adjustment of different open degree, control the flooding velocity and the position that enter reservoir, for improving the fluidised form of slow stagnant area.Described flow control apparatus for water according to outer river Various Seasonal water body sediment concentration situation, should take the water body that sediment concentration is less.Generally take water body at the middle and upper levels.
Preferably, described water quality pre-treatment facility is selected from one or more combinations in settler, oxygen-increasing device, microbial flocculation device, biomembrane purification device, waterplant interception refining plant, gravel dam interception refining plant etc.Combination technique used is the technology being suitable for carrying out purified in situ in water body.Described water quality pre-treatment by the silt of one or more pretreatment unit precipitinogen water, improve water transparency and rough purification water quality.Described water quality pre-treatment facility, according to site contour, is located in multipoint water feeding passage, without the need to other land occupation.
Further, described water quality pre-treatment facility is the combination of settler, waterplant interception refining plant and gravel dam interception refining plant.Wherein, described water quality pretreatment condition is: the residence time of pre-treatment facility, as the concentration of suspension >100mg/L of former water, the residence time was 8 ~ 12h at 4 ~ 12h; During concentration of suspension <100mg/L, the residence time is 4 ~ 8h; The settling region depth of water controls at 2 ~ 3m, and the flow velocity of plant interception and the interception of gravel dam answers <0.005 ~ 0.01m/s.Pre-treatment facility, according to different technologies requirement, under the prerequisite guaranteeing inflow-rate of water turbine, can take multipoint water feeding passage in whole or in part.
Preferably, described water outlet control facility is arranged on most strong wind upwind place frequently, Reservoir region, comprise pump works and surmount delivery pipe, described in go out pump works and be connected with water factory by rising pipe, described in surmount delivery pipe and to be arranged on rising pipe and the other end is connected with river course.
Further, the water outlet going out pump works described in is arranged on away from multipoint water feeding passage and branch afflux mouth place.Described go out the water outlet of pump works be not located at the concave bank place of the luvside of prevailing wind direction in summer, should there be the depth of water of more than 2.5m at intake place, is not located in the reed marshes on bank, in order to avoid affect water quality because of suction blocking intake vegeto-animal in water.
Further, going out pump works water outlet described in adopts self filling type water sucting mode to carry.Described self filling type water sucting mode makes all to be full of water in hydraulic pipe always, during starting mode of pump, eliminates the time of exhaust of pouring water, can put into operation rapidly.The water of lower floor in reservoir can be transported to water purification plant, avoid the short stream of water body.
Further, go out the rising pipe that pump works is connected with water factory described in and be provided with gate.
Further, delivery pipe is surmounted described in and rising pipe junction is also provided with gate.When normally running, surmount the closing gate on delivery pipe, current flow to water factory through rising pipe; When Reservoir Water Quality needs to change water or emptying extremely, open and surmount delivery pipe upper lock gate, close rising pipe upper lock gate, by water body in reservoir by surmounting discharged to outer river course.
Further, the caliber surmounting delivery pipe described in arranges the requirement that should meet reservoir emptying in 2 ~ 5 days.
Further, the bore surmounting delivery pipe and rising pipe upper lock gate described in is consistent with the diameter of place rising pipe.To reduce local head loss.
Preferably, the most strong wind that described surface water overfall facility is arranged on Reservoir region frequently or secondary strong wind lower wind direction place frequently, and is connected with river course by communicating pipe.
Further, described surface water overfall facility collects the floating matter at below water surface 0-20cm place.
Further, described surface water overfall facility is selected from and strains in water device, cast iron hydraucone upwards, adjustable overflow weir any one.
Preferably, describedly strain water device or the bell-mouthed bottom of cast iron is upwards connected with communicating pipe by flexible pipe, overflow port is 20cm place below the water surface, described in strain water device or the bell-mouthed top of cast iron is upwards provided with buoyancy aid, swim in water, fluctuate with the variation of water level.
Preferably, described adjustable overflow weir crest of weir according to fluctuation of water table situation can manual shift lower than 10 ~ 20cm place to the water surface.
Preferably, described in strain water device and the bell-mouthed inlet of cast iron is upwards arranged, the inlet total area is communicating pipe 1.5 ~ 2 times of basal area.
Preferably, described adjustable overflow weir comprises overflow well, adjustable overflow inlet water eliminator, buoyancy aid and control gate; Buoyancy aid is arranged on water eliminator, and the overflow layer height controlling water eliminator top is 10 ~ 20cm; Control valve is arranged in overflow well, is connected with described communicating pipe, is carried out the water displacement on controlling water kick weir by the adjustment of keying degree.
The most strong wind of described Reservoir region frequently or secondary strong wind frequently lower wind direction place be algae and other floating matter convergence points, described surface water overfall facility can prevent a small amount of algae floating matter from assembling impact on Reservoir Water Quality.
Further, one or more combinations such as anti-corrosive steel tube, cast iron pipe, HDPE pipe, PPR pipe, UPVC pipe are selected from described communicating pipe.
Preferably, described ecological revetment is the shore protection, bank protection or the barricade that adopt embankment material to build at reservoir.
Described reservoir refers in reservoir around Reservoir wall one week position.
Further, described embankment material is selected from and plants immature soil slope, porousness eco-concrete block, piling and layout of stones, jackstone, gauze pad vegetation, ecological film bag, one or more combinations of filling in the natural or artificial material of the gabion net cage etc. of gravel.
Preferably, described embankment material is one or more combinations in the jackstone of wind wave prevention, the gabion net cage of filling gravel and porousness eco-concrete block.Described embankment material is hydrophilic embankment material, and appropriate biological is perched and grown, and increases the ecological property of shore protection, can ensure the stability and safety of side slope, and the erosion of reply stormy waves, can be communicated with again the Commodity flow between land and water and energy flow.
Preferably, described lakeside purification zone is extend to the land-based area green belt of waters planting plants, water table fluctuation, shoaling water by the land-based area in storehouse week.
Described Lakeside Zone purification is by building lakeside purification zone at reservoir, by heavy water, floating leaf, endure the reasonably combined of the plants such as water, humidogene and terrestrial plant, build the ecological Lakeside Zone of complete series, as reservoir and the material of land-based area and the exchange zone of energy, effectively interception and purification enter the pollutent of reservoir from storehouse week.
Further, described land-based area green belt is the scope can planting terrestrial plant within the scope of the above water reservoir management of reservoir top water-level.
Further, described water table fluctuation refers to reservoir normal operation period (not containing the Maintenance and Repair phase), the change of level band that the top water-level run in storehouse and lowest water level were formed in storehouse week.
Further, the storehouse week shoaling water of described lakeside purification zone is the reservoir surrounding depth of water is the region of 0-1.5m.
Further, the storehouse week shoaling water width of described lakeside purification zone is traditionally arranged to be 20-100m.It is the main body of reservoir cleaning.
Further, described lakeside purification zone plants planting submerged plant, floatingleaved plant, emergent, hygrophyte and terrestrial plant by waters successively to land-based area.
Preferably, water depth 0.8-1.5m place kind of planting submerged plant in the purification zone of described lakeside, water depth 0.3-0.8m place plantation floatingleaved plant, water depth≤0.3m place plantation emergent, water table fluctuation plantation hygrophyte, more than water table fluctuation plants terrestrial plant.
More excellent, described submerged plant is selected from one or more combinations in hydrilla verticillata, p.malaianus, watermifoil, water caltrop, eel grass, hornwort, waterweed, Herba Potamogetonis Pectinati, poly-algae etc.
More excellent, described floatingleaved plant is selected from one or more combinations such as water lily, chrysanthemum floating heart, Gorgon fruit and wild water chestnut.
More excellent, described emergent is selected from one or more combinations in Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail, reed, aquatic Canna generalis Bailey, lotus, iris, yellow flag, wild rice etc.
More excellent, described hygrophyte is selected from one or more combinations of yew, Chi Shan, Bermuda grass, cyperus alternifolius and foreign ivy.
More excellent, described terrestrial plant is selected from that silk tree, fragrant camphor tree, yulan, Hibisci Mutabilis, Chinese ilex, Yunnan Huang are fragrant, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, green onion orchid, leaf of Hedge Bamboo, Stem or Leaf of Fortune Euonymus, ivy, Chinese wistaria, one or more combinations of Parthenocissus quinuefolia.
Preferably, the cultivated area of described submerged plant accounts for more than 15 ~ 20% of reservoir surface area, and accounts for more than 60 ~ 80% of lakeside purification zone area.
Preferably, described hygrophyte configuration should based on draft and shrub plant, and plant growing kind is no less than 6 kinds, the plantation of arbor alternative.
Preferably, described terrestrial plant configuration Ying Qiao, filling, grass collocation, total terrestrial plant kind is no less than 7 kinds, and wherein arbor class is no less than 2 kinds, and shrub (rattan bamboo) class is no less than 2 kinds, and draft (cover plant) is no less than 3 kinds.
Preferably, described bio operon facility is the hydrocoles thrown in Reservoir region.Described bio operon facility is thrown in multiple hydrocoles and is carried out the purification of filter food in reservoir, is formed and is beneficial to the complete Food-Chain System that reservoir purification function is stablized and strengthened to the ecosystem.
Further, described hydrocoles includes filter-feeding fish, ferociousness fish and zoobenthos.
Preferably, described filter-feeding fish comprises silver carp and bighead.Described filter-feeding fish is food with cheek breathing, with plant plankton.
More excellent, the input ratio of described silver carp and bighead is 4:1.
More excellent, the input density of described filter-feeding fish is 2000 ~ 3000g/ mu.
Preferably, described ferociousness fish comprise mandarin fish, snakeheaded fish and Culter fish.Described ferociousness fish for food, are the key reducing herbivorous fishes quantity with the fish egg fish of herbivorous fishes.
More excellent, the input density of described ferociousness fish is 500 ~ 700g/ mu.
Preferably, described zoobenthos is selected from one or more combinations in Hyriopsis cumingii and Cipangopaludina chinensis etc.
More excellent, the input density of described zoobenthos is 200 ~ 400g/ mu.
Described bio operon keeps the stable of aquatic ecosystem by throwing in multiple hydrocoles, and purify water, utilize filter-feeding fish to the filter food effect of plant plankton, gathering of effective minimizing algae, the input of zoobenthos can extend the biologic chain of the ecosystem, makes reservoir ecosystem more stable and complete.
Preferably, described circulation reoxygenation device delays stagnant area in reservoir center water stream to arrange microkinetic mixed cycle reoxygenation facility and purify.
Further, described microkinetic mixed cycle reoxygenation facility to be selected from efficience oxygen increasing machine, circulation reoxygenation machine and the aerator etc. utilizing sun power, wind energy or electrical energy drive any one.
Preferably, the power of described Micro-power cycle reoxygenation system is greater than 120W/ platform, what every complete equipment covered circulate coverage of water centered by described Micro-power cycle reoxygenation facility, radius is 50 ~ 100m scope.
Described microkinetic mixed cycle reoxygenation facility can swim on the water surface, fluctuates, have wind and wave resistance, anti-lightning with the fluctuation of the water surface, and remote data is carried, prevent the modules such as interference bed mud.Described microkinetic mixed cycle reoxygenation facility can improve the dissolved oxygen of water body, improves local water body fluidised form, improves water quality layering, suppresses algae to assemble, increases the circulation exchange capacity of water body, increase self purification of water body function.
Preferably, the water yield of regulating and storing of described reservoir is generally no more than 7 ~ 10 days.To avoid, because the water body residence time is long, occurring body eutrophication.If the Reservoir Operation water yield was more than 10 days, then described circulation reoxygenation system should be utilized to carry out microcirculation in storehouse, strengthen the replacement cycle of water body, improve water body fluidised form.
The present invention still further provides a kind of purposes of water quality support method in the water quality ensureing drinking water reservoirs of drinking water reservoirs.
As mentioned above, the water quality safeguards system of a kind of drinking water reservoirs of the present invention and support method thereof, exchange cycle is long, applied widely, drinking reservoir and all can play good purification of water quality and guaranteeing role Plain and mountain area, there is water quality and ensure that performance is high, water body purification is effective, the advantage that water supply security is high, embody ecological, low-carbon (LC), the theories such as environmental protection, there is good economy, practicality and widely suitability, be particularly suitable at raw water quality unstable, the reservoir water body residence time is long, there is outrophication risk, water supply fraction is low, have drinking in reservoir of emergent water storage function concurrently to promote the use of.In technology, each composition has following functions and advantage:
(1) set up automatic water quality monitoring and multi-point entrance water comprehensive regulation mechanism, guarantee reservoir water supply security
1. multipoint water feeding passage is provided with in the present invention, by multiple mouthfuls of door water inlets, the flooding velocity of each mouthful of door can be reduced, reduce the flow velocity of in-channel water body, increase the residence time of pre-treatment purification, improve pre-treatment decontamination effect improving, ensure suspended substance deposition efficiency, improve water transparency, for follow-up aquatic ecosystem builds the water providing high-quality.
2. multipoint water feeding passage is provided with in the present invention, compared with intaking with single port door, multiple mouthfuls of doors are connected with reservoir, position is not determine according to the position of natural river course, mainly by artificial constructed, water is introduced reservoir from the close river course of 1 ~ 2 water quality, and the interval of every bar water entry is basically identical, passage scale is similar.Between each mouthful of door in a distance, the current mobility at mouth door place can be guaranteed, reservoir water inlet is changed the water inlet of into multiple spot low discharge from the water inlet of single-point large discharge, reduce washing away entrance, and the water body fluidised form in the current radiation scope of multiple spot ingress can be improved, the quite large-scale water body flow near door and band is opened one's mouth, strengthen water volume flow rate, reduce the slow stagnant area of reservoir, improve reservoir area fluidised form greatly, improve reservoir area water body self-purification ability.Adopt multipoint water feeding mode to improve fluidised form, without the need to power consumption, environmental protection and energy saving, advantage is remarkable.
3. multipoint water feeding passage is provided with in the present invention, the dispatching flexibility of multiple mouthfuls of door water inlets is high, in conjunction with wind direction and wind-force, according to the water quality situation of reservoir area different positions, singly can open one or two mouthful of door and concentrate water inlet, local increases current and improves reservoir fluidised form, also all mouth doors dispersion water inlet can be opened, to guarantee that reservoir area has good hydrodynamic condition, improve reservoir area water body fluidised form, increase the self-purification function of water body.
4. automatic water quality monitoring mechanism puts at intake and water outlet, and the region of risk may be there is in reservoir area water body, according to the achievement of automatic water quality monitoring, combined dispatching is carried out to ensure that reservoir area water quality is one of gordian technique of water quality of the present invention guarantee to all controllable devices in reservoir area.
5. when river course upland water water quality severe overweight or when there is sudden water environment pollution accident, warned by upstream automatic water quality monitoring facility, closeall intake entrance, cuts off source of pollution rapidly immediately, by retaining in storehouse to cities and towns emergency water supply.When regional area water quality exception is warned at water quality monitoring (WQM) station in storehouse, combined dispatching inlet control device, surface water overfall facility, go out pump works and surmount delivery pipe gate etc., from increasing regional area water volume flow rate, improve water body fluidised form, increase water body purification ability, overflow and surmount discharge abnormal water body angularly carry out rational management, guarantee water supply security.
(2) pre-treatment facility is utilized to reduce the pollution load of former water, for reservoir ecosystem provides excellent water
1. pre-treatment facility is arranged on water entry, adopts the technology of purified in situ, carries out pre-treatment, do not take land-based area area, take full advantage of water space, enhance the function of water entry to reservoir area.
2. pre-treatment facility carries out in situ pretreatment to the water quality entering reservoir area, adopt one or more combined measures, as arranged precipitation at water entry, the preconditioning techniques such as oxygenation or plant interception, reach the pollutant load cut down and enter reservoir area, regulate potential of hydrogen, promote Dissolved Oxygen in Water or increase the objects such as water transparency, reservoir is entered again after being reduced by pollution load in water, reduce impact load to the impact of Reservoir Water Quality, can effectively prevent Reservoir Water Quality from worsening, reduce eutrophication process, meet the needs that reservoir ecosystem is stable, particularly in reservoir, the growth of submerged plant requires high to water transparency, reducing former water clarity is one of major function of pretreatment system, former water after pretreatment can meet the needs of submerged plant growth.
(3) complete reservoir area Ecology mechanism is built, strengthening reservoir purification function, effective guarantee water supply quality
1. the shape of reservoir area and the degree of depth are on the basis meeting conservation storage, in conjunction with measures such as ecological revetment construction, Lakeside Zone structure, ecological manipulation technologies, build the ecological mechanism of healthy and stable reservoir water, wherein Lakeside Zone scope and to occupy the area ratio of lake region larger, it is stronger to the function of water quality purification, and ecological mechanism is more stable.
2. be different from general reservoir area Ecology mechanism to build, invention enhances the purification function of Ecology mechanism, strengthen the structure requirement of Lakeside Zone, emphasize with kind of planting submerged plant for main body purifies water, build the suitable habitats being applicable to submerged plant growth.The area kind planting submerged plant of Lakeside Zone more than 80%, by the collocation of warm season pasture and water and cold-resistant pasture and water, formed throughout the year all can be evergreen purification mechanism under water, for microorganism provides attachment carrier, increase the purification function of Ecology mechanism.
3. in the Ecology purification mechanism that builds of the present invention, waterplant, fish, benthonic and microorganism can form good biologic chain, by the combination collocation of different types of pasture and water and fish, the fish biomass of reservoir and the increment of pasture and water are by formation one balance, can guarantee that pasture and water have certain growing way purifying water body, a part can be eaten up again by fish, reduce the maintenance harvesting work of pasture and water, avoid producing secondary pollution to water body.
(4) circulation reoxygenation device can save energy consumption, improves water quality, effectively suppresses wawter bloom
1. utilize sun power, wind energy, wind light mutual complementing and a little electric energy as the power resources of reoxygenation or aeration facility, low-carbon environment-friendly, save the energy, maintenance management is simple.
2. smooth at reservoir area current or substantially circulation reoxygenation device is set without the region of flow velocity, adopt aeration mode, the oxygen in air is forced to squeeze into water body, the water body energy local mixing of upper, middle and lower layer, and drive the flowing of surrounding body, change the fluidised form of slow stagnant area; Or adopt the mode of circulation reoxygenation, the low dissolved axygen water body of reservoir bottom is promoted to top layer, reoxygenation after contacting with air, to lower floor's water body flow, in vertical formation water circulation, improve Dissolved Oxygen in Water content, increase water volume flow rate, promote the self-purification function of water body, effectively purify and maintain the water quality delaying stagnant area.
Supplementing 3. as multipoint water feeding technology, carries out tune by multipoint water feeding technology fluidised form improvement scope with the water body of exterior domain and lives, can guarantee that reservoir area is without dead angle and stagnant water, effectively suppress the growth of blue-green algae, reduce wawter bloom occurrence probability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown as the water quality safeguards system of drinking water reservoirs of the present invention and the ultimate principle structural representation of support method thereof
Fig. 2 is shown as the water quality safeguards system of drinking water reservoirs of the present invention and the detailed programs structural representation of support method thereof
Reference numeral
1 automatic water quality monitoring mechanism
2 water inlet regulating and controlling mechanisms
21 multipoint water feeding passages
22 flow control apparatus for water
3 water quality pre-treatment facilities
4 reservoir area Ecology mechanisms
41 ecological revetments
42 lakeside purification zones
43 bio operon facilities
44 circulation reoxygenation devices
5 water outlet regulating and controlling mechanisms
51 surface water overfall facilities
511 communicating pipe
52 water outlet control facilities
521 go out pump works
522 surmount delivery pipe
523 rising pipes
Embodiment
Below by way of specific specific examples, embodiments of the present invention are described, those skilled in the art the content disclosed by this specification sheets can understand other advantages of the present invention and effect easily.The present invention can also be implemented or be applied by embodiments different in addition, and the every details in this specification sheets also can based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modification or change not deviating under spirit of the present invention.
Refer to Fig. 1-2.It should be noted that, the diagram provided in the present embodiment only illustrates basic conception of the present invention in a schematic way, so only show the assembly relevant with the present invention in graphic but not component count, shape and size when implementing according to reality is drawn, it is actual when implementing, and the kenel of each assembly, quantity and ratio can be a kind of change arbitrarily, and its assembly layout kenel also may be more complicated.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1-2, the invention provides a kind of water quality safeguards system and support method thereof of drinking water reservoirs, adopt automatic water quality monitoring mechanism 1, water inlet regulating and controlling mechanism 2, reservoir area Ecology mechanism 4, water outlet regulating and controlling mechanism 5 to process the raw water quality flowing into reservoir from river course.
Described water inlet regulating and controlling mechanism 2 includes multipoint water feeding passage 21 and flow control apparatus for water 22, and described multipoint water feeding passage 21 is communicated with river course and reservoir, and described flow control apparatus for water 22 is arranged on the intake near one end, river course in described multipoint water feeding passage 21.
Described reservoir area Ecology mechanism 4 includes ecological revetment 41, lakeside purification zone 42, bio operon facility 43, circulation reoxygenation device 44.
Described water outlet regulating and controlling mechanism 5 includes water outlet control facility 52 and surface water overfall facility 51, described water outlet control facility 52 is arranged on most strong wind upwind place frequently, Reservoir region, comprise pump works 521 and surmount delivery pipe 522, described go out pump works 521 be connected with water factory by rising pipe 523, described in surmount delivery pipe 522 and to be arranged on rising pipe 523 and the other end communicates with river course; The most strong wind that described surface water overfall facility 51 is arranged on Reservoir region frequently or secondary strong wind lower wind direction place frequently, and is communicated with river course by communicating pipe 511.
Described multipoint water feeding passage 21 is more than two water entrys be connected with reservoir excavated from the different positions in river course; Or described multipoint water feeding passage 21 is the total water entry be connected with reservoir from channel excavation one, total water entry arranges plural point of water entry and connects reservoir.Described multipoint water feeding passage 21 is conducive to forming multipoint water feeding at reservoir.In multipoint water feeding passage 21 current the residence time >=4-6 hour.
The specification of described water entry is identical; The specification of described water entry is 3-10m × 2-3m × 10-100m (wide × dark × long).Interval between described water entry is identical; Spacing distance >=30m between described water entry, is preferably 30-50m.The specification of described total water entry is for being 5-20m × 3-4m × 100-300m (wide × dark × long).The specification of described point of water entry is identical; The specification of described point of water entry is 3-10m × 2-3m × 10-50m (wide × dark × long).Interval between described point of water entry is identical; Spacing distance >=30m between described point of water entry, is preferably 30-50m.
Flow control apparatus for water 22 is selected from that plane gate, Segment gate, miter gate, arched gate, ball lock, cylinder gate, gate valve, ball valve, concrete dam and gate combine, in concrete dam and valve combination any one.
Described flow control apparatus for water 22 can realize opening completely and close completely, also can rest in certain open degree.By the keying of gate and the adjustment of different open degree, control the flooding velocity and the position that enter reservoir, for improving the fluidised form of slow stagnant area.Described flow control apparatus for water 22 according to outer river Various Seasonal water body sediment concentration situation, should take the water body that sediment concentration is less.Generally take water body at the middle and upper levels.
Water quality pre-treatment facility 3 is also provided with in described multipoint water feeding passage 21.Described water quality pre-treatment facility 3 is selected from one or more combinations in settler, oxygen-increasing device, microbial flocculation device, biomembrane purification device, waterplant interception refining plant, gravel dam interception refining plant etc.Be preferably the combination of settler, waterplant interception refining plant and gravel dam interception refining plant.Wherein, described water quality pretreatment condition is: the residence time of pre-treatment facility, as the concentration of suspension >100mg/L of former water, the residence time was 8 ~ 12h at 4 ~ 12h; During concentration of suspension <100mg/L, the residence time is 4 ~ 8h; The settling region depth of water controls at 2 ~ 3m, and the flow velocity of plant interception and the interception of gravel dam answers <0.005 ~ 0.01m/s.
Described water quality monitoring (WQM) adopts automatic water quality monitoring mechanism 1 to carry out.Described automatic water quality monitoring mechanism 1 is arranged on the intake of reservoir, reservoir center water stream delays stagnant area, water outlet.The equipment room of described automatic water quality monitoring mechanism 1 is arranged in pumping plant or the bank of water body, and intake stretches into water body 3 ~ 100m, regularly by water pump, water body is promoted to equipment room and automatically monitors.
Described go out the water outlet of pump works 521 be arranged on away from multipoint water feeding passage and branch afflux mouth place.Described go out the water outlet of pump works 521 be not located at the concave bank place of the luvside of prevailing wind direction in summer, should there be the depth of water of more than 2.5m at intake place, is not located in the reed marshes on bank, in order to avoid affect water quality because of suction blocking intake vegeto-animal in water.Described go out pump works 521 water outlet adopt self filling type water sucting mode water to carry.Described go out the rising pipe 523 that is connected with water factory of pump works 521 be provided with gate.The described delivery pipe 522 that surmounts also is provided with gate with rising pipe 523 junction.
Described surface water overfall facility 51 collects the floating matter at below water surface 0-20cm place.Described surface water overfall facility 51 is selected to strain in water device, cast iron hydraucone upwards, adjustable overflow weir any one.
Describedly strain water device or the bell-mouthed bottom of cast iron is upwards connected with communicating pipe 511 by flexible pipe, overflow port is 20cm place below the water surface, describedly strain water device or the bell-mouthed top of cast iron is upwards provided with buoyancy aid, swim in water, fluctuate with the variation of water level.
The crest of weir of described adjustable overflow weir according to fluctuation of water table situation can manual shift lower than 10 ~ 20cm place to the water surface.Describedly strain water device and the bell-mouthed inlet of cast iron is upwards arranged, the inlet total area is communicating pipe 1.5 ~ 2 times of basal area.Described adjustable overflow weir comprises overflow well, adjustable overflow inlet water eliminator, buoyancy aid and control gate; Buoyancy aid is arranged on water eliminator, and the overflow layer height controlling water eliminator top is 10 ~ 20cm; Control valve is arranged in overflow well, is connected, is carried out the water displacement on controlling water kick weir by the adjustment of keying degree with described communicating pipe 511.
Be selected from one or more combinations such as anti-corrosive steel tube, cast iron pipe, HDPE pipe, PPR pipe, UPVC pipe described communicating pipe 511.
Described embankment material is selected from plants immature soil slope, porousness eco-concrete block, piling and layout of stones, jackstone, gauze pad vegetation, ecological film bag, one or more combinations of filling in the natural or artificial material of the gabion net cage etc. of gravel.Preferred embankment material is one or more combinations in the jackstone of wind wave prevention, the gabion net cage of filling gravel and porousness eco-concrete block.
The scope of described lakeside purification zone 42 comprises the shoaling water in storehouse week, water table fluctuation and land-based area green belt.Described water table fluctuation refers to reservoir normal operation period (not containing the Maintenance and Repair phase), the change of level band that the top water-level run in storehouse and lowest water level were formed in storehouse week.The storehouse week shoaling water of described lakeside purification zone 42 is the reservoir surrounding depth of water is the region of 0-1.5m.The storehouse week shoaling water width of described lakeside purification zone 42 is traditionally arranged to be 20-100m, is the main body of reservoir cleaning.
Described lakeside purification zone 42 plants planting submerged plant, floatingleaved plant, emergent, hygrophyte and terrestrial plant by waters successively to land-based area.Wherein, water depth 0.8-1.5m place kind of planting submerged plant in described lakeside purification zone 42, water depth 0.3-0.8m place plantation floatingleaved plant, water depth≤0.3m place plantation emergent, water table fluctuation plantation hygrophyte, more than water table fluctuation plants terrestrial plant.
Described submerged plant is selected from one or more combinations in hydrilla verticillata, p.malaianus, watermifoil, water caltrop, eel grass, hornwort, waterweed, Herba Potamogetonis Pectinati, poly-algae etc.The cultivated area of described submerged plant accounts for more than 15 ~ 20% of reservoir surface area, and accounts for more than 60 ~ 80% of lakeside purification zone 42 area.
Described floatingleaved plant is selected from one or more combinations such as water lily, chrysanthemum floating heart, Gorgon fruit and wild water chestnut.
Described emergent is selected from one or more combinations in Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail, reed, aquatic Canna generalis Bailey, lotus, iris, yellow flag, wild rice etc.
Described hygrophyte is selected from one or more combinations of yew, Chi Shan, Bermuda grass, cyperus alternifolius and foreign ivy.Described hygrophyte configuration should based on draft and shrub plant, and plant growing kind is no less than 6 kinds, the plantation of arbor alternative.
Described terrestrial plant is selected from that silk tree, fragrant camphor tree, yulan, Hibisci Mutabilis, Chinese ilex, Yunnan Huang are fragrant, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, green onion orchid, leaf of Hedge Bamboo, Stem or Leaf of Fortune Euonymus, ivy, Chinese wistaria, one or more combinations of Parthenocissus quinuefolia.Described terrestrial plant configuration Ying Qiao, filling, grass collocation, total terrestrial plant kind is no less than 7 kinds, and wherein arbor class is no less than 2 kinds, and shrub (rattan bamboo) class is no less than 2 kinds, and draft (cover plant) is no less than 3 kinds.
Described bio operon facility 43 in reservoir, throws in multiple hydrocoles carry out the purification of filter food, is formed and is beneficial to the complete Food-Chain System that reservoir purification function is stablized and strengthened to the ecosystem.Described hydrocoles includes filter-feeding fish, ferociousness fish and zoobenthos.
Described filter-feeding fish comprises silver carp and bighead.The input ratio of described silver carp and bighead is 4:1.The input density of described filter-feeding fish is 2000 ~ 3000g/ mu.
Described ferociousness fish comprise mandarin fish, snakeheaded fish and Culter fish.The input density of described ferociousness fish is 500 ~ 700g/ mu.
Described zoobenthos is selected from one or more combinations in Hyriopsis cumingii and Cipangopaludina chinensis etc.The input density of described zoobenthos is 200 ~ 400g/ mu.
Described circulation reoxygenation device 44 be in the slow stagnant area of reservoir, the darker region of the depth of water arranges microkinetic mixed cycle reoxygenation facility and purifies.Described microkinetic mixed cycle reoxygenation facility to be selected from efficience oxygen increasing machine, circulation reoxygenation machine and the aerator etc. utilizing sun power, wind energy or a small amount of electrical energy drive any one.The power of described Micro-power cycle reoxygenation facility is greater than 120W/ platform, what every complete equipment covered circulate coverage of water centered by described Micro-power cycle reoxygenation facility, radius is 50 ~ 100m scope.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 2, Central Plains, river course water enters reservoir area respectively by 5 water entrys, and each water entry arranges flow control apparatus for water 22 respectively, for controlling the flooding velocity in river course.
Particularly, at storehouse Zhou Jianshe ecological revetment 41, pannier gabion net is selected to fill gravel as bank protection, the impact of stormy waves can be resisted on the one hand, can plant be grown in the space of another aspect gravel, there is soil conservation, the effect of land-based area interception, simultaneously can organism growth film on gravel, the effect of biopurification can be played.
Particularly, build the lakeside purification zone 42 of 50 ~ 100m in storehouse week, lakeside purification zone 42 depth of water is 1.5m the most deeply, plants emergent within depth of water 30cm, as Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail, reed, aquatic Canna generalis Bailey etc.; Floatingleaved plant water lily is planted within the scope of the depth of water 30 ~ 80cm; Planting submerged plant is planted, as hydrilla verticillata, p.malaianus, watermifoil, water caltrop, eel grass, poly-algae etc. within the scope of the depth of water 80 ~ 150cm.
Particularly, in storehouse, throw in hydrocoles, comprise silver carp, bighead, mandarin fish and freshwater mussel, throw in density and be respectively 2000g/ mu, 500g/ mu, 500g/ mu and 250g/ mu.
Particularly, average placement 10 sun power circulation reoxygenation machines in storehouse.Most strong wind in Reservoir region frequently or secondary strong wind lower wind direction place frequently 1 surface water overfall facility 51 is respectively set, respectively arrange 1 automatic water quality monitoring mechanism 1 at intake and water outlet, in Reservoir region, most strong wind upwind frequently arranges water outlet control facility 52 near place of water factory.
Particularly, during operation, when the automatic water quality monitoring mechanism 1 of the intake of reservoir monitor water quality normal time, open five flow control apparatus for water 22, control former current state, increase former water self-purification function, make former water enter multipoint water feeding passage 21 through river course; Current are 6-8h in the total residence time of water entry, and Parallel to the flow direction is provided with water quality pre-treatment facility 3, wherein, first arrange settler, hydraulic detention time is 2h, by suspended particle thing precipitation thick in water, improve water transparency, reduce the pollutent warehouse-in that particulate matter is carried; Water body after precipitation is through oxygen-increasing device, utilize microbubble aerator that the dissolved oxygen of water body is promoted to 5mg/L, for the hydrocoles in reservoir provides good dissolved oxygen condition, and tackle the purification pre-treatment of refining plant through waterplant interception refining plant and gravel dam.Through the pretreated water body of water quality, flow into reservoir, further purified by ecological revetment 41, lakeside purification zone 42, bio operon facility 43 pairs of water bodys.Promote reservoir area dissolved oxygen by sun power circulation reoxygenation machine, improve water quality layering again, suppress algae to assemble.If reservoir generation algae assembles, under the effect of wind direction, the most strong wind gathering reservoir area frequently or secondary strong wind lower wind direction place frequently, opens surface water overfall facility 51, the water body at the place of 0-20cm below the water surface and the algae of carrying were put to outer river by communicating pipe 511, avoids the impact on Reservoir Water Quality.When the automatic water quality monitoring mechanism 1 of the water outlet of reservoir monitor water quality also normal after, that is located near water factory by strong wind most in Reservoir region upwind frequently goes out pump works 521, employing self filling type absorbs water, and through rising pipe 523, the water of reservoir bottom is delivered to water factory's process, avoids reservoir to occur short stream.
During operation, when the automatic water quality monitoring mechanism 1 of the intake of reservoir monitors water quality exception, close five flow control apparatus for water 22 immediately, separate outside river course and reservoir, utilize reservoir filling continuously to Water Works.
During operation, when automatic water quality monitoring mechanism 1 is when reservoir center water stream delays stagnant area monitoring water quality exception and water outlet monitoring water quality is normal, increase the open degree of flow control apparatus for water 22, the water quality pre-treatment facility 3 that former water is established in multipoint water feeding passage 21 and multipoint water feeding passage 21 flows into reservoir, delay stagnant area for reservoir center water stream after flowing through ecological revetment 41 and lakeside purification zone 42 and supplement the normal former water of water quality, open sun power circulation reoxygenation machine simultaneously and promote reservoir area dissolved oxygen, improve water quality layering, algae is suppressed to assemble, pump works 521 is gone out again described in warp, water factory's process is delivered to by rising pipe 523,
During operation, when the automatic water quality monitoring mechanism 1 of the water outlet of reservoir monitors water quality exception, water body Determination of Chlorophyll content is normal value more than 3 times and other indexs are up to standard time, open surface water overfall facility 51, the water body at the place of 0-20cm below the water surface and the algae of carrying were put to outer river course by communicating pipe 511.
During operation, when the automatic water quality monitoring mechanism 1 of the water outlet of reservoir monitors water quality exception, when in water body, pollutent index exceedes centralized drinking water source area standard limited value more than 1.5 times, close described flow control apparatus for water 22 immediately, and close the valve going out pump works 521 to water factory in the water outlet control facility 52 that the most strong wind in Reservoir region upwind frequently arranges near place of water factory, the valve opened rising pipe 523 and surmount between delivery pipe 522, employing self filling type absorbs water, water body lifting is disposed to outer river course by surmounting delivery pipe 522 by water in reservoir, last open water flow control device 22 water-filling again.
Use the water quality of the inventive method processing drinking water reservoir, normal operation, do not break out extensive algae clustering phenomena, concrete effect data is in table 1.
As shown in Table 1, at run duration, water inlet is surface water IV class substantially, and the index that mainly exceeds standard is COD
mn, DO, TP and TN, to TN, TP, NH in present case
3-N, COD
mnand SS has good removal effect, average total removal rate is respectively 73.0%, 82.6%, 70.0%, 35.4% and 85.9%, and going out water clarity can promote 71.4%; DO is average under the condition of mechanical oxygenation promotes 162.9%; Water outlet pH value remains between 6 ~ 9 always, and annual the stablizing of effluent quality reaches surface water centralized waterhead area water supply quality III class standard, and majority parameters reaches surface water II class standard, ensure that the water supply security of reservoir.Further, when first flood and upstream sudden water pollution event, can close inlet gate rapidly, cut off the water inlet of outer river, utilize reservoir filling to Water Works 7 ~ 10 days, ensure that water supply security, social benefit is very remarkable.
Table 1 Assessment of cleaning efficiency table
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all without prejudice under spirit of the present invention and category, can modify above-described embodiment or changes.Therefore, such as have in art usually know the knowledgeable do not depart from complete under disclosed spirit and technological thought all equivalence modify or change, must be contained by claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a water quality safeguards system for drinking water reservoirs, includes automatic water quality monitoring mechanism (1), water inlet regulating and controlling mechanism (2), reservoir area Ecology mechanism (4), water outlet regulating and controlling mechanism (5), wherein, described automatic water quality monitoring mechanism (1) is arranged on the intake of reservoir, reservoir center water stream delays stagnant area, water outlet, described water inlet regulating and controlling mechanism (2) includes multipoint water feeding passage (21) and flow control apparatus for water (22), described multipoint water feeding passage (21) is communicated with river course and reservoir, and described flow control apparatus for water (22) is arranged on the intake near one end, river course in described multipoint water feeding passage (21), described reservoir area Ecology mechanism (4) comprises ecological revetment (41), lakeside purification zone (42), bio operon facility (43) and circulation reoxygenation device (44), described ecological revetment (41) is structured in reservoir, described lakeside purification zone (42) is connected with ecological revetment (41), be structured in ecological revetment (41) near side, waters, described circulation reoxygenation device (44) is arranged on reservoir center water stream and delays stagnant area, and described bio operon facility (43) distribution is arranged in Reservoir region, described water outlet regulating and controlling mechanism (5) includes water outlet control facility (52) and surface water overfall facility (51), described water outlet control facility (52) is arranged on most strong wind upwind place frequently, Reservoir region, comprise pump works (521) and surmount delivery pipe (522), described go out pump works (521) be connected with water factory by rising pipe (523), the described delivery pipe (522) that surmounts is arranged on the upper and the other end of rising pipe (523) and is connected with river course, described rising pipe (523) and water factory, surmount delivery pipe (522) junction and be respectively equipped with gate, the most strong wind that described surface water overfall facility (51) is arranged on Reservoir region frequently or secondary strong wind lower wind direction place frequently, and is connected with river course by communicating pipe (511).
2. the water quality safeguards system of a kind of drinking water reservoirs according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described multipoint water feeding passage (21) is more than two water entrys be connected with reservoir excavated from the different positions in river course; Or described multipoint water feeding passage (21) is the total water entry be connected with reservoir from channel excavation one, total water entry arranges plural point of water entry and connects reservoir.
3. the water quality safeguards system of a kind of drinking water reservoirs according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described flow control apparatus for water (22) is selected from that plane gate, Segment gate, miter gate, arched gate, ball lock, cylinder gate, gate valve, ball valve, concrete dam and gate combine, in concrete dam and valve combination any one.
4. the water quality safeguards system of a kind of drinking water reservoirs according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is also provided with water quality pre-treatment facility (3) in described multipoint water feeding passage (21); Described water quality pre-treatment facility (3) is selected from one or more combinations in settler, oxygen-increasing device, microbial flocculation device, biomembrane purification device, waterplant interception refining plant, gravel dam interception refining plant etc.
5. the water quality safeguards system of a kind of drinking water reservoirs according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described surface water overfall facility (51) is selected to strain in water device, cast iron hydraucone upwards, adjustable overflow weir any one.
6. the water quality safeguards system of a kind of drinking water reservoirs according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ecological revetment (41) is the shore protection, bank protection or the barricade that adopt embankment material to build at reservoir; Described lakeside purification zone (42) is extend to the land-based area green belt of waters planting plants, water table fluctuation, shoaling water by the land-based area in storehouse week; Described bio operon facility (43) is the hydrocoles thrown in Reservoir region.
7. the water quality safeguards system of a kind of drinking water reservoirs according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described circulation reoxygenation device (44) to be selected from the microkinetic mixed cycle reoxygenation facilities such as efficience oxygen increasing machine, circulation reoxygenation machine and the aerator utilizing sun power, wind energy or electrical energy drive any one.
8. according to the purposes of water quality safeguards system in the water quality ensureing drinking water reservoirs of the arbitrary described a kind of drinking water reservoirs of claim 1-7.
9. the water quality support method of a drinking water reservoirs, adopt automatic water quality monitoring mechanism (1) monitoring water quality, former water in river course is introduced as arbitrary in claim 1-7 as described in the water quality safeguards system of drinking water reservoirs process, specifically comprise the following steps:
1) when automatic water quality monitoring mechanism (1) is when intake monitoring water quality is normal, open water flow control device (22), the former water in river course is made to flow into reservoir through multipoint water feeding passage (21), former water is after water quality pre-treatment facility (3), ecological revetment (41), lakeside purification zone (42), bio operon facility (43) process, go out pump works (521) again through water outlet control facility (52), be delivered to water factory's process by rising pipe (523);
2) when automatic water quality monitoring mechanism (1) is when intake monitoring water quality is abnormal, close flow control apparatus for water (22) immediately, separate the former water in river course and be communicated with reservoir water body, utilize reservoir filling to water factory's normal water supply;
3) when automatic water quality monitoring mechanism (1) is normal in intake monitoring water quality, reservoir center water stream delay stagnant area monitoring water quality abnormal and water outlet monitoring water quality is normal time, open water flow control device (22), former water is made to flow into reservoir through multipoint water feeding passage (21), former water is through water quality pre-treatment facility (3), ecological revetment (41), lakeside purification zone (42), bio operon facility (43) processes, and in the reservoir of ON cycle reoxygenation device (44) purification simultaneously after water quality, pump works (521) is gone out again through water outlet control facility (52), water factory's process is delivered to by rising pipe (523),
4) when automatic water quality monitoring mechanism (1) is abnormal in water outlet monitoring water quality, and water body Determination of Chlorophyll content is normal value more than 3 times and other indexs are up to standard time, open surface water overfall facility (51), by be gathered in Reservoir region most strong wind frequently or the secondary strong wind floating matter at lower wind direction place and algae frequently, through entering river course communicating pipe (511);
5) when automatic water quality monitoring mechanism (1) is abnormal in water outlet monitoring water quality, and when in water body, pollutent index exceedes centralized drinking water source area standard limited value more than 1.5 times, close flow control apparatus for water (22) immediately, and close water outlet control facility (52) goes out the valve of pump works (521) to water factory, the valve opened the rising pipe (523) on water outlet control facility (52) simultaneously and surmount between delivery pipe (522), water body abnormal in reservoir is disposed to river course through surmounting delivery pipe (522), last open water flow control device (22) water-filling again again.
10. the purposes of water quality support method in the water quality ensureing drinking water reservoirs of a kind of drinking water reservoirs according to claim 9.
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| CN105756124A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-07-13 | 浙江省水利水电勘测设计院 | Bank-dam combined bowl type water distribution well |
| CN106006992A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-10-12 | 武汉中科水生环境工程股份有限公司 | Comprehensive ecologic treatment system of hard slope pool bottom eutrophic water |
| CN106630165A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江大学 | Closed-loop river water environment treatment system and method |
| CN108658366A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-10-16 | 上海交通大学 | It is regulated and stored library based on the Raw Drinking Water for strengthening ecological purification |
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| CN204569647U (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-08-19 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of water quality safeguards system of drinking water reservoirs |
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| CN105645593A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-06-08 | 中国环境科学研究院 | High-risk urban river water quality safety control and landscaping establishment technique |
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| CN106630165B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2023-04-18 | 浙江大学 | Closed loop river water environment treatment system and method |
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| CN108658366A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-10-16 | 上海交通大学 | It is regulated and stored library based on the Raw Drinking Water for strengthening ecological purification |
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