CN104662414B - 用于测量多相流体组成的界面液位的传感器系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种传感器包括共振换能器,共振换能器配置成确定乳状液的组成。通过测量乳状液的混合物的复阻抗谱值并且将多元数据分析应用于值,来确定乳状液的组成。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请涉及共同提交的申请序号13/630739,标题为“SYSTEMS AND METHODS FORMEASURING AN INTERFACE LEVEL IN A MULTI-PHASE FLUID COMPOSITION”(用于测量多相流体组成的界面液位的系统和方法),以Cheryl Surman、William Platt、William Morris、Steven Go、Jon Dieringer和Radislav A. Potyrailo的名义共同提交,转让给GeneralElectric Company、即本发明的受让人。
技术领域
一般来说,本文所公开的主题涉及传感器,以及更具体来说,涉及确定多相流体组成的界面液位的液位传感器。
背景技术
乳状液的组成和不互溶流体的界面液位(interface level)的测量在许多应用中是重要的。例如,在油田管理中表征乳状液是重要的。来自单独油井的乳状液的水和油含量的测量可随油田的寿命而改变,并且可指示油田的总体健康。在注入井的情况下,控制水质量以降低水合物形成和腐蚀是关键的。油和水混合物的组成的表征(例如混合物中的油和水的相对比例的测量)帮助操作人员改进油井产能和容量。所得到的信息对降低油井的背压、出油管大小和复杂度以及绝热要求也有用处。
乳状液的表征在包含容器(容器系统)中的流体的系统、例如流体处理系统的操作中也是重要的。容器系统可包括储存槽罐、反应器、分离器和脱盐器。容器系统用于许多工业和过程中,例如油和气、化学、制药、食品加工行业等。例如,水与原油的分离对建立油和气的生产流是重要的。离开井口的原油既酸(包含硫化氢气体)又湿(包含水)。离开井口的原油必须经过加工和处理,以使得对存储、处理和输出是经济上可行的。处理原油的一种方式是通过使用分离器。大多数分离器通过重力来驱动,并且使用油、水、气和固体的单独流体相之间的密度差。这些层的界面液位的识别对分离过程的控制是关键的。其中乳状液的表征和界面液位的测量是重要的另一个流体处理系统是脱盐器。脱盐器在精炼厂中用来控制头馏分腐蚀后处理程序(overhead corrosion downstream)。在脱盐器中,混合水和原油,将无机盐提取到水中,并且然后分离和去除水。
最后,重要的是在产品的寿命的各个阶段从成本观点准确表征原油本身的水和盐分。油是贵重商品,以及典型油轮负荷中的水含量的估计不足能够具有显著成本结果。
废水管理是另一个应用,其中乳状液的测量和表征是重要的。大量含油废水在石油工业中从开采到精炼中生成。控制废水中的油排放浓度方面的一个关键因素是用于监测乳状液的油含量的改进仪表。
多年来已经考虑许多类型的液位和界面仪器,并且其子集已经商业化。在那些当中是伽马射线传感器、导波传感器、磁力控制传感器、微波传感器、超声传感器、单板电容/导纳传感器、分段式电容传感器、电感传感器和计算机断层扫描传感器。传感器的每个具有优点和缺点。传感器的一部分对于许多用户极为昂贵。传感器的一部分要求冷却套管以在工作温度(高于125℃)下进行操作。一些界面仪器要求清楚界面以进行工作,这在与扩散乳状液配合工作时会成问题。一部分易遭受污垢。其他传感器没有提供槽罐的剖面的能力,而是监测脱盐过程的离散点。使用电极的系统在高盐分应用中易遭受电极的短接,并且易遭受污垢。最后,这些系统中的许多是复杂的并且难以实现。
一些现有传感器系统使用了单独电容元件来测量流体液位。那些传感器系统的关键限制是其无法同时量化液体中的若干成分。电容方法用来使用电容测量的特殊设计电极来测量液体的介电常数。这些设计受到对电容测量的独立类型的电极以及对导电率测量的需要限制。电感器电容器电路也用来使用电磁共振器来监测容器中的流体液位,其中电容的变化与流体液位和流体类型相关。但是,本领域的技术人员一致同意,与非导电流体、例如空气中的值相比,通过导电液体来填充共振器将测量中的不定性和噪声增加大约一个数量级。但是,这些方法没有提供单独分析物的浓度在混合物中其最小和最大浓度的极限的准确测量。
对于现有传感器系统,没有一个系统能够提供低成本、高灵敏度、有利信噪比、高选择性、高精度和高数据获取速度的组合。另外,没有现有系统已经描述为能够准确表征或量化其中流体之一处于低浓度(即,在其最小和最大极限)的流体混合物。
发明内容
本公开提供一种对现有液位传感器系统的费用、可靠性和精度问题的技术解决方案。电共振换能器(resonant transducer)提供低成本、高灵敏度、有利信噪比、高选择性、高精度和高数据获取速度的组合。共振换能器结合在健壮传感器中,而无需清楚界面。该解决方案还提供一种传感器,其不太容易遭受污垢,特别是在涉及乳状液的应用中。
按照一个示范非限制性实施例,本公开涉及一种具有共振换能器的传感器,其配置成确定乳状液的组成,并且包括取样组合件和阻抗分析器。
在另一个实施例中,本公开涉及一种系统,其包括流体处理系统、流体取样组合件以及耦合到流体取样组合件的共振传感器系统。
在另一个实施例中,本公开涉及一种用于测量容器中的混合物的液位的方法。该方法包括下列步骤:在容器中的多个位置检测来自共振传感器系统的信号;将各信号转换成多个位置的复阻抗谱的值;存储复阻抗谱的值和频率值;以及从复阻抗谱的值来确定流体相逆转点。
在另一个实施例中,本公开涉及一种用于确定容器中的油和水的混合物的组成的方法。该方法包括下列步骤:采用共振换能器来确定作为容器中的高度的函数的油和水的混合物的复阻抗谱的值。该方法还包括下列步骤:从复阻抗谱的值来确定流体相逆转点;将油相模型应用于高于流体相逆转点的复阻抗谱的值和传导值,并且将水相模型应用于低于流体相逆转点的复阻抗谱的值。
在另一个实施例中,本公开涉及一种包括共振换能器的传感器,其配置成同时确定乳状液的第一和第二成分的浓度。
在另一个实施例中,本公开涉及一种具有共振换能器的传感器,其配置成确定乳状液的组成。
在另一个实施例中,本公开涉及一种具有共振换能器的传感器系统,其配置成确定乳状液的组成。传感器系统包括取样组合件和阻抗分析器。
在另一个实施例中,本公开涉及一种用于确定容器中的第一流体和第二流体的混合物的组成的方法。通过采用传感器系统确定作为容器中的高度的函数的第一流体和第二流体的混合物的复阻抗谱值的集合来实现组成的确定。该方法包括从复阻抗谱值的集合来确定流体相逆转点的步骤。该方法还包括下列步骤:将第一流体的相模型应用于高于流体相逆转点的复阻抗谱值的集合,并且将第二流体的相模型应用于低于流体相逆转点的复阻抗谱值的集合。
附图说明
通过以下结合作为举例示出本公开的某些方面的原理的附图对优选实施例的更详细描述,本公开的其他特征和优点会显而易见。
图1是共振传感器系统的非限制性实施例的示意图。
图2是共振换能器的操作的非限制性图示。
图3是用于多元分析的所测量复阻抗谱的示例。
图4示出二维共振换能器的一实施例。
图5示出三维共振换能器的一实施例。
图6是三维共振换能器的等效电路的示意电气图。
图7是示出共振换能器对油和水的变化混合物的Rp响应的图表。
图8是示出共振换能器对油和水的变化混合物的Cp响应的图表。
图9是共振换能器组合件的一实施例的局部剖面侧视图。
图10是流体处理系统的一实施例的示意图。
图11是脱盐器的一实施例的示意图。
图12是分离器的一实施例的示意图。
图13是示出三维共振换能器对水中油(oil-in-water)和油中水(water-in-oil)乳状液的增加浓度的频率(Fp)响应的图表。
图14是示出二维共振换能器对水中油和油中水乳状液的增加浓度的频率(Fp)响应的图表。
图15是用于确定作为高度的函数的油和水混合物的组成的方法的一实施例的流程图。
图16是示出用来确定流体相逆转点和导电率的数据的图表。
图17是示出共振传感器系统的一实施例的实验数据的分析结果的图表。
图18是示出模拟脱盐器中的共振传感器的测试结果的图表。
图19是来自共振传感器系统的数据报告的显示的一实施例。
图20是用于确定容器中的流体的液位的方法的一实施例的流程图。
图21是供共振传感器系统中使用的处理器系统的一非限制性代表实施例的框图。
具体实施方式
如下面详细论述,本发明的实施例提供用于可靠准确地测量流体处理容器中的流体液位的低成本系统。共振传感器系统通过使用共振换能器、例如电感器-电容器-电阻器结构(LCR)多变量共振换能器以及应用于来自换能器的信号的多元数据分析的应用,来提供过渡或乳状液层的液位的有效和准确测量。共振传感器系统还提供确定水和油混合物、油和水混合物以及适用时的乳状液层的组成的能力。
共振换能器包括共振电路和拾取线圈。将浸入流体中的共振换能器的电响应转化为对多个参数的同时变更。这些参数可包括传感器天线的阻抗响应的复阻抗响应、共振峰值位置、峰值宽度、峰值高度和峰值对称性、阻抗的实部的幅值、阻抗的虚部的共振频率、阻抗的虚部的反共振频率、零电抗频率、相位角和阻抗的幅值以及如术语传感器“谱参数”的定义中描述的其他参数。这些谱参数可根据周围流体的介电性质而发生变化。共振换能器的典型配置可包括LCR共振电路和天线。共振换能器可与连接到检测器读取器(阻抗分析器)的拾取线圈配合操作,其中拾取线圈提供换能器的激励和换能器响应的检测。当换能器的激励和检测换能器响应在换能器直接连接到检测器读取器(阻抗分析器)的时候执行时,共振换能器也进行操作。
共振换能器提供健壮传感器中的高灵敏度、有利信噪比、高选择性、高精度和高数据获取速度的组合,而无需被分析流体和测量流路的透光性。代替跨宽频率范围(从几分之一Hz到数十MHz或GHz)进行扫描的常规阻抗波谱,共振换能器用来快速地并且以高信噪比仅跨窄频率范围来获取谱。通过将感测区放在构成共振电路的电极之间,来增强感测能力。如在流体处理系统、例如脱盐器或分离器中所实现,共振传感器系统可包括取样组合件以及耦合到流体取样组合件的共振换能器。共振传感器系统实现用于测量容器中的流体的混合物的液位的方法,并且还可实现用于确定容器中的油和水的混合物的组成的方法。共振换能器能够在其最小和最大极限准确地量化单独分析物。共振传感器系统甚至在流体之一处于低浓度时也能够确定流体混合物的组成。
流体处理系统的非限制性示例包括反应器、化学反应器、生物反应器、储存容器、容器以及本领域已知的其他方面。
图1所示的是共振传感器系统11的一实施例的示意图。共振传感器系统11包括共振换能器12、取样组合件13和阻抗分析器(分析器15)。分析器15耦合到处理器16、例如微型计算机。从分析器15所接收的数据使用多元分析来处理,以及输出可经过用户接口17来提供。分析器15可以是阻抗分析器,其测量幅度和相位性质,并且将阻抗的变化与感兴趣物理参数相互关联。分析器15扫描感兴趣范围(即,LCR电路的共振频率范围)的频率,并且收集来自共振换能器12阻抗响应。
如图2所示,共振换能器12包括设置在衬底22上的天线20。共振换能器可采用介电层21与周围环境分离。在一些实施例中,介电层21的厚度的范围可从2 nm至50 cm、更具体从5 nm至20 cm以及甚至更具体从10 nm至10 cm。在一些应用中,共振换能器12可包括沉积到换能器上的感测膜。响应环境参数,电磁场23可在天线20中生成,其从共振换能器12的平面伸出。电磁场23可通过周围环境的介电性质来影响,从而提供测量物理参数的时机。共振换能器12响应环境的复电容率的变化。流体的复电容率的实部称作“介电常数”。流体的复电容率的虚部称作“介电损耗因子”。流体的复电容率的虚部与流体的导电率成正比。
流体的测量能够使用保护层(其将导电介质与天线20分离)来执行。共振换能器12对流体的组成的响应可涉及共振换能器12的介电和维度性质的变化。这些变化与被分析环境(其与共振换能器12进行交互)相关。共振换能器12中的流体感应变化经过天线线匝之间的材料电阻和电容的变化来影响天线电路的复阻抗。
对于使用共振换能器12的选择性流体表征,传感器天线20的复阻抗谱如图3所示来测量。测量乳状液的阻抗谱的至少三个数据点。当测量乳状液的阻抗谱的至少五个数据点时,可取得更好的结果。测量数据点的数量的非限制性示例为8、16、32、64、101、128、201、256、501、512、901、1024、2048个数据点。谱可作为阻抗谱的实部或者阻抗谱的虚部或者阻抗谱的两个部分来测量。LCR共振电路参数的非限制性示例包括阻抗谱、阻抗谱的实部、阻抗谱的虚部、阻抗谱的实部和虚部、复阻抗的实部的最大数的频率(Fp)、复阻抗的实部的幅值(Zp)、复阻抗的虚部的共振频率(F1)及其幅值(Z1)以及复阻抗的虚部的反共振频率(F2)及其幅值(Z2)。
附加参数可从共振换能器12的等效电路的响应来提取。共振电路参数的非限制性示例可包括共振的质量因子、零电抗频率、相位角以及共振换能器12的共振电路响应的阻抗的幅值。所应用的多元分析将共振换能器12的多元响应的维度减小到用于不同的感兴趣环境参数的选择性量化的多维空间的单个数据点。多变量分析工具的非限制性示例是典型相关分析、回归分析、非线性回归分析、主成分分析、区别函数分析、多维定标、线性区别分析、对数回归和/或神经网络分析。通过应用所计算谱参数的全复阻抗谱的多元分析,分析物及其与干扰的混合物的量化可采用共振换能器12来执行。除了复阻抗谱参数的测量之外,还有可能测量与复阻抗谱相关的其他谱参数。示例包括但不限于S参数(散射参数)和Y参数(导纳参数)。使用来自传感器的数据的多元分析,有可能采用单个共振换能器12取得多个感兴趣参数的同时量化。
共振换能器12可表征为一维、二维或三维。一维共振换能器12可包括两个导线,其中一个导线设置成与另一导线相邻,并且可包括附加组件。
图4所示的是具有换能器天线27的二维共振换能器25。二维共振换能器25是包括LCR电路的共振电路。在一些实施例中,二维共振换能器25可涂敷有施加到电极之间的感测区上的感测膜21。换能器天线27可采取设置在平面中的线圈导线的形式。二维共振换能器25可以是有线或无线的。在一些实施例中,二维共振换能器25还可包括耦合到换能器天线27的IC芯片29。IC芯片29可存储制造、用户、校准和/或其他数据。IC芯片29是集成电路装置,并且包括可使用互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)过程所制造的RF信号调制电路以及非易失性存储器。RF信号调制电路组件可包括二极管整流器、电源电压控制、调制器、解调器、时钟发生器和其他组件。
感测经由如通过换能器天线27中生成的电磁场23所探测的二维共振换能器25的复阻抗谱的变化的监测来执行。在换能器天线27中生成的电磁场23从二维共振换能器25的平面伸出,并且通过周围环境的介电性质来影响,从而提供测量物理、化学和生物参数的时机。
图5所示的是三维共振换能器31。三维共振换能器31包括顶部绕组33以及耦合到电容器37的底部绕组35。顶部绕组33卷绕取样管的上部,以及底部绕组35卷绕取样管39的下部。取样管39例如可由耐受污垢的材料(例如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、四氟乙烯的合成含氟聚合物)来制成。
三维共振换能器31利用顶部绕组33的互感来感测底部绕组35。图6所示的是等效电路41,其中包括电流源43、R0电阻器45、C0电容器47和L0电感器49。等效电路41还包括L1电感器51、R1电阻器53和C1电容器55。该电路还包括Cp电容器57和Rp电阻器59。等效电路41的带圆圈部分示出敏感部分61,其对周围测试流体的性质敏感。共振换能器12对油和水的变化混合物的典型Rp响应和Cp响应分别在图7和图8中示出。
三维共振换能器31可如图9所示来屏蔽。共振换能器组合件63包括包围取样管39的射频吸收器(RF吸收器层67)、顶部绕组33和底部绕组35。隔离片69可设置成由金属屏蔽71来包围。金属屏蔽71是可选的,并且不是换能器31的组成部分。金属屏蔽71允许金属物体和管道内部或附近的操作,降低噪声,并且创建稳定环境,使得传感器响应的任何变化直接归因于测试流体的变化。为了将传感器成功地封装在金属屏蔽71中,RF吸收器层67可放置在传感器与金属屏蔽71之间。这防止RF场干扰金属并且弱化传感器的响应。金属屏蔽71可卷绕有适当材料的覆盖73。RF吸收器层67能够吸收不同频率范围(其中非限制性示例为千赫兹、兆赫兹、千兆赫兹、太赫兹频率范围,这取决于换能器31和潜在干扰源的工作频率)中的电磁辐射。吸收器层67能够是特定频率范围的单独层的组合,因此这些单独层的组合提供屏蔽的较宽谱范围。
可通过为共振换能器12提供一种使共振换能器12能够对垂直于换能器、范围从0.1 mm至1000 mm的样本深度探测环境的几何结构,来降低共振传感器系统11的污垢。复阻抗谱的信号处理降低样本深度上的污垢的影响。
如图10所示,共振传感器系统11可用来确定流体处理系统111中的流体的液位和组成。流体处理系统111包括容器113,其中具有取样组合件115和共振传感器系统11。共振传感器系统11包括耦合到取样组合件115的至少一个共振换能器12。共振传感器系统11还包括分析器15和处理器16。
在操作中,流体的通常不互溶组合经过原始流体输入123进入容器。流体的组合可包括第一流体以及与第一流体通常不互溶的第二流体。当处理流体的组合时,将流体的组合分离到第一流体层117和第二流体层119中。在第一流体层117与第二流体层119之间,可存在毛边层(rag layer)121。在处理之后,第一流体可经过第一流体输出125来提取,以及第二流体可经过第二流体输出127来提取。共振传感器系统11用来测量第一流体层117、第二流体层119和毛边层121的液位。共振传感器系统11还可用来表征第一流体层117、第二流体层119和毛边层121的含量。
流体处理系统111的一实施例是图11所示的脱盐器141。脱盐器141包括脱盐器容器143。原油经过原油输入145进入脱盐器141,并且与来自水输入147的水相混合。原油和水的组合流经混合阀149并且进入脱盐器容器143。脱盐器141包括经处理的油输出151和废水输出153。设置在脱盐器容器143中的是油收集管座(collection header)155和水收集管座157。变压器159和变压器161向顶部电网(electrical grid)163和底部电网165提供电力。设置在顶部电网163与底部电网165之间的是乳状液分发器167。
在操作中,与水混合的原油进入脱盐器容器143,以及两个流体由乳状液分发器167来混合和分发,由此形成乳状液。乳状液保持在顶部电网163与底部电网165之间。包含水的盐通过经过顶部电网163和底部电网165的通道从油/水混合物中分离,并且朝脱盐器容器143的底部滴下,其中将它作为废水来收集。
乳状液层的液位的控制和水中油、油中水乳状液的含量的表征在脱盐器141的操作中是重要的。乳状液层的液位的确定可使用取样组合件、例如耦合到脱盐器容器143并且具有设置在提炼管线(try-line)输出导管172上的至少一个共振换能器12的提炼管线组合件169来实现。共振换能器12可耦合到数据收集组件173。在操作中,共振换能器12用来测量水和油的液位,并且使操作人员能够控制该过程。提炼管线组合件169可以是在脱盐器容器143内部的一端开放的多个管道,其中开放端永久地定位在脱盐器容器143的预期垂直位置或液位,以用于收回那个液位的液体样本。处理容器中一般存在各具有其自己的样本阀的多个样本管道,其中各管道的开放端处于单元内部的不同垂直位置,使得液体样本能够从单元中的多个固定垂直位置收回。测量乳状液层的液位的另一种方式是使用摆臂(swingarm)取样器。摆臂取样器是具有脱盐器容器143内部的开放端的管道,通常连接到单元外部的取样阀。它包括用来通过将其旋转来改变脱盐器141中的有角度管道的开放端的垂直位置,使得液体样本能够从任何预期垂直位置收回。
测量油和水的液位的另一种方法是在量杆175上设置至少一个共振换能器12。量杆175可以是具有共振换能器12的杆,其被插入脱盐器容器143中。测量在多个液位进行。备选地,量杆175可以是具有多个复用共振换能器12的固定杆。共振换能器12可耦合到数据收集组件179,其从各种读数来收集数据供进一步处理。
流体处理系统111的另一个实施例是图12所示的分离器191。分离器191包括具有用于原油的输入导管195的分离器容器193。从输入导管195流动的原油碰撞入口分流器197。原油对入口分流器197的碰撞使水粒子开始与原油分离。原油流入处理室199中,其中将它分离为水层201和油层203。将原油传送到处理室199中的油/水界面204下面。这迫使油和水的入口混合物在容器底部与水连续相进行混合,并且经过油/水界面204上升,由此促进油中携带的水微滴的沉淀。水沉淀到底部,而油上升到顶部。油滑过堰205,其中将它收集在油室207中。水可经过水输出导管209(其由水位控制阀211来控制)从系统收回。类似地,油可经过油位控制阀215所控制的油输出导管213从系统收回。油/水界面的高度可使用具有设置在提炼管线输出导管218并且耦合到数据处理器221的至少一个共振换能器12的提炼管线组合件217来检测。备选地,具有耦合到处理器227的至少一个共振换能器12的量杆223可用来确定油/水界面204的液位。所确定的液位用来控制水位控制阀211以允许水被收回,使得油/水界面保持在预期高度。
以下示例仅作为说明来给出,而不是要作为对本公开的范围的限制。重矿物油、自来水和清洁剂的模型系统用来执行共振换能器12的各种设计的静态测试。清洁剂的液位对所有混合物保持恒定。
示例1。在提炼管线或摆臂取样组合件13上设置的三维共振换能器31的情况下,将油和水的不同组成倒入样本管中,其中三维共振换能器31卷绕样本管的外部。图13示出随着油浓度增加而根据Fp(实阻抗的频移)的提炼管线/摆臂响应。水中油乳状液中的油的组成的所计算检测极限(图13部分A)为0.28%,以及油中水乳状液中的油的所计算检测极限(图13部分B)为0.58%。
示例2。在二维共振换能器25的情况下,二维共振换能器25浸入油和水的不同组成中。图14示出随着油浓度增加而根据Fp(实阻抗的频移)的二维共振换能器25(2 cm圆形)的响应。水中油乳状液中的油的组成的所计算检测极限(图14部分A)为0.089%,以及油中水乳状液中的油的所计算检测极限(图14部分B)为0.044%。这个示例说明,一个流体的小浓度混合另一流体的大浓度能够以高程度准确性来测量。
示例3。模型系统装载有250 mL的矿物油,并且以每50 mL 1滴(5滴)的浓度采用清洁剂来处理。矿物油经过传感器来搅动和注入,并且记录阻抗谱。以恒定盐分和相同清洁剂处理来添加水的少量添加。在水容量超过水的66%或500 mL之后,清洁该系统,并且实验采用不同盐分水重复进行。二维共振换能器25的多元响应在模型系统的测试容器中的所有液位对组成和导电率的变化敏感。虽然导电率和组成的作用略微费解(convoluted),但是传感器监测组成梯度的事实允许数据过程对这些作用进行解释(deconvolute)。
图15是示出用于确定作为高度的函数的油和水混合物的组成的方法261的一般化过程图。
在步骤263,数据(LCR共振电路参数集合)作为由顶至底的高度的函数来收集(在实验室中,这通过以100%油开始并且逐渐添加水来模拟)。
在步骤265,确定使用校准的水的导电率。在100%水,将多元响应与水导电率的校准进行比较。
在步骤267,流体相逆转点使用Z参数来确定。
在步骤269,Z参数与导电率和流体相数据相结合。
在步骤271,应用油相模型。油相模型是将所测量频率值、阻抗值和导电率值与油和水混合物中的油含量相互关联的值集合。
在步骤273,应用水相模型。水相模型是将所测量频率值、阻抗值和导电率值与水和油混合物中的水含量相互关联的值集合。
在步骤275,作为高度的函数的组成使用导电率和流体相逆转点作为多元分析中的输入参数来确定,并且生成报告。
图16示出由右到左包含0-66%水的剖面的原始阻抗(Zp)对频率(Fp)数据。在大约8.12 MHz,水含量足够高(~25%)以引起从油到水连续相的流体相逆转。这从因水连续相中的测试流体的增加导电率引起的Zp的急剧变化是显而易见的。将油连续相模型应用于流体相逆转右边的任何数据点,以及将水模型应用于左边。另外,将校准应用于端点,以确定水的导电率,其在本例中为2.78 mS/cm。
图17示出来自三维共振传感器系统的一实施例的实验数据的分析结果,示出水中油和油中水的实际和预测值与基于所形成模型的预测的残差之间的相关性。图表的部分A绘制水中油的实际和预测值。图表的部分B绘制油中水的实际和预测值。在部分A中,数据点与部分B(水连续相)中的数据点分开建模。图表的部分C和D分别绘制水中油和油中水的实际和预测值之间的残差。一般来说,当油的实际百分比在0%至60%之间时,残差小于0.5%。当油的实际百分比在70%至100%之间时,残差小于0.04%。在流体相逆转时,残差增加到总共10%,其中预测能力因动态试验台中的测试流体的组成的波动而比较困难。传感器的预测能力将在组成>66%水采用更多训练数据进行改进。
图18示出在模拟脱盐器中得到的结果。图表示出通过作为时间的函数绘制组成所形成的剖面。为了模拟使用摆臂(其经过毛边层缓慢旋转)的取样,操作试验台,使得通过添加水的少量添加随时间缓慢调制测试流体的组成。
图19是来自传感器数据分析系统的报告的预计液位的图示。将向最终用户显示一个图表,其显示作为脱盐器中的高度、流体相逆转的液位和毛边层的宽度的函数的组成的表示。左边是流体相指示器(黑色——油、灰色——油连续,交叉阴影——水连续,白色——水),其指示百分比水/高度曲线。毛边层的高度是水连续和油连续区域的总和。所示细节的液位将允许脱盐器的操作人员优化对过程中的化学品的馈送速率,提供关于流体处理系统的性能的更详细反馈,以及突出显示可能引起对下游过程基础设施的损坏的过程混乱。
图20所示的是用于测量容器113中的流体的混合物的液位的方法281。
在步骤283,方法281可在容器中的多个位置检测来自共振传感器系统11的信号(信号集合)。信号由浸入流体的混合物中的共振换能器12来生成。共振换能器12生成与共振换能器12的介电性质的变化对应的换能器信号的集合,以及信号由分析器15来检测。
在步骤285,方法281可将信号转换成多个位置的复阻抗谱的值集合。转换使用多元数据分析来实现。
在步骤287,方法281可存储复阻抗谱的值。
在步骤289,方法281可确定是否已经测量充分数量的位置。
在步骤291,方法281可在已经测量充分数量的位置时改变被读取的共振换能器12(或者共振换能器12的位置)。
在步骤293,方法281可在已经测量充分数量的位置时确定流体相逆转点。流体相逆转点通过识别阻抗值的急剧变化,从复阻抗谱的值来确定。
在步骤295,方法281可基于流体相逆转点来指配界面液位的值。
图21是可用来实现本文所述的设备和方法的处理器系统810的非限制性示例的框图。如图21所示,处理器系统810包括耦合到互连总线814的处理器812。处理器812可以是任何适当的处理器、处理单元或者微处理器。虽然图21未示出,但是处理器系统810可以是多处理器系统,并且因而可包括与处理器812相同或相似并且在通信上耦合到互连总线814的一个或多个附加处理器。
图21的处理器812耦合到芯片组818,其包括存储控制器820和输入/输出(I/O)控制器822。如众所周知,芯片组通常提供I/O和存储器管理功能以及由耦合到芯片组818的一个或多个处理器可访问或使用的多个通用和/或专用寄存器、定时器等。存储控制器820执行使处理器812(或者当存在多个处理器时的多个处理器)能够访问系统存储器824和大容量存储存储器825的功能。
系统存储器824可包括任何预期类型的易失性和/或非易失性存储器,例如静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、闪速存储器、只读存储器(ROM)等。大容量存储存储器825可包括任何预期类型的大容量存储装置,包括硬盘驱动器、光盘驱动器、磁带存储装置等。
I/O控制器822执行使处理器812能够经由I/O总线832与外围输入/输出(I/O)装置826和828以及网络接口830进行通信的功能。I/O装置826和828可以是任何预期类型的I/O装置,例如键盘、视频显示器或监视器、鼠标等。I/O装置826和828还可以是网络接口830可以是例如以太网装置、异步传输模式(ATM)装置、802.11装置、DSL调制解调器、电缆调制解调器、蜂窝调制解调器等,其使处理器系统810能够与另一处理器系统进行通信。来自分析器15的数据可使用适当总线连接器、经过I/O总线832传递给处理器812。
虽然存储控制器820和I/O控制器822在图21中示为芯片组818中的独立块,但是,这些块所执行的功能可集成在单个半导体电路中,或者可使用两个或两个以上独立的集成电路来实现。
某些实施例考虑实现上述功能性的方法、系统以及任何机器可读介质上的计算机程序产品。例如,某些实施例可使用现有计算机处理器、或者通过为这个或另一个目的结合的专用计算机处理器、或者通过硬连线和/或固件系统来实现。某些实施例包括用于携带或者其上存储计算机可执行指令或数据指令的计算机可读介质。这种计算机可读介质可以是可由通用或专用计算机或者具有处理器的其他机器可访问的任何可用介质。作为举例,这种计算机可读介质可包括RAM、ROM、PROM、EPROM、EEPROM、闪存、CD-ROM或其他光盘存储装置、磁盘存储装置或者其他磁存储装置、或者可用来携带或存储采取计算机可执行指令或数据结构形式的预期程序代码、可由通用或专用计算机或者具有处理器的其他机器可访问的其他任何介质。以上所述的组合也包含在计算机可读介质的范围之内。计算机可执行指令包括例如使通用计算机、专用计算机或者专用处理机执行某个功能或某组功能的指令和数据。
一般来说,计算机可执行指令包括执行特定任务或者实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、对象、组件、数据结构等。计算机可执行指令、关联数据结构和程序模块表示用于执行本文公开的某些方法的步骤和系统的程序代码的示例。这类可执行指令或关联数据结构的特定序列表示用于实现在这类步骤中所述的功能的对应动作的示例。
本公开的实施例可在采用到具有处理器的一个或多个远程计算机的逻辑连接的组网环境中实施。逻辑连接可包括局域网(LAN)和广域网(WAN)(其在此作为举例而不是限制来提供)。这类组网环境是办公范围和企业范围的计算机网络、内联网和因特网中常见的,并且可采用大量不同的通信协议。本领域的技术人员将会理解,这类网络计算环境通常包含许多类型的计算机系统配置,其中包括个人计算机、手持装置、多处理器系统、基于微处理器或者可编程消费电子产品、网络PC、小型计算机、大型计算机等。本公开的实施例还可在分布式计算环境中实施,在这些环境中,任务由通过通信网络链接(通过硬连线链路、无线链路或者通过硬连线或无线链路的组合)的本地和远程处理装置来执行。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可位于本地和远程存储器存储装置中。
监测电路的复阻抗的变化并且应用阻抗谱的化学计量分析允许水中油和油中水混合物的组成和连续相以在0-30%水中的0.04%和在30-100%水中的0.26%的标准误差来预测。
多元分析工具与富含数据的阻抗谱相结合允许消除干扰,以及设计用于最大穿透深度的换能器降低污垢的影响。当共振器的穿透深度进一步延伸到流体体积中时,表面污垢变得不太显著。
术语“分析物”包括任何预期测量环境参数。
术语“环境参数”用来表示制造或监测系统之中或周围的可测量环境变量。可测量环境变量包括物理、化学和生物性质中的至少一个,并且包括但不限于温度、压力、材料浓度、导电率、介电性质、传感器附近或者与传感器接触的金属、化学或生物粒子的数量、离子化辐射的剂量和光强度的测量。
术语“流体”包括气体、蒸汽、液体和固体。
术语“干扰”包括不合需要地影响传感器的测量精度和准确性的任何非预期环境参数。术语“干扰物”表示潜在地可由传感器产生干扰响应的流体或环境参数(其包括但不限于温度、压力、光等)。
术语“换能器”表示将一种形式的能量转换成另一种的装置。
术语“传感器”表示测量物理量并且将其转换为能够由观察者或者由仪器来读取的信号的装置。
术语“多元数据分析”表示一种数学过程,其用来从传感器响应来分析一个以上变量并且提供与来自所测量传感器谱参数的至少一个环境参数的类型有关的信息和/或与来自所测量传感器谱参数的至少一个环境参数的水平有关的定量信息。
术语“共振阻抗”或“阻抗”表示从其中提取传感器“谱参数”的传感器的共振周围的所测量传感器频率响应。
术语“谱参数”用来表示传感器响应的可测量变量。传感器响应是LCR或RFID传感器的共振传感器电路的阻抗谱。除了测量采取Z参数、S参数和其他参数形式的阻抗谱之外,阻抗谱(实部和虚部)可使用供分析的各种参数来同时分析,例如阻抗的实部的最大数的频率(Fp)、阻抗的实部的幅值(Zp)、阻抗的虚部的共振频率(F1)和阻抗的虚部的反共振频率(F2)、在阻抗的虚部的共振频率(F1)的信号幅值(Z1)、在阻抗的虚部的反共振频率(F2)的信号幅值(Z2)以及零电抗频率(Fz,阻抗的虚部为零的频率)。其他谱参数可使用整个阻抗谱、例如共振的质量因数、相位角和阻抗的幅值来同时测量。从阻抗谱所计算的“谱参数”在这里统称作“特征”或“描述符”。从能够由谱所计算的所有潜在特征来执行特征的适当选择。在标题为“Methods and systems for calibration of RFID sensors”的美国专利申请序号12/118950中描述了多变量谱参数,通过引用将其结合到本文中。
本文所使用的术语仅用于便于描述具体实施例,而不是意在限制本发明。在术语的定义不同于该术语的常用意义时,本申请人预计使用本文所提供的定义,除非另加说明。单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”预计也包括复数形式,除非上下文另加明确说明。将会理解,虽然术语“第一”、“第二”等可用于描述各种元件,但是这些元件不应当受到这些术语限制。这些术语仅用于区分一个元件与另一个元件。术语“和/或”包括关联所列项的一个或多个的任何和全部组合。词语“耦合到”和“与…耦合”考虑直接或间接耦合。
本书面描述使用示例来公开本发明,其中包括最佳模式,以及还使本领域的技术人员能够实施本发明,包括制作和使用任何装置或系统并且执行任何结合的方法。本发明的专利范围由权利要求书来定义,并且可包括本领域的技术人员想到的其他示例。如果这类其他示例具有与权利要求的文字语言完全相同的结构单元,或者如果它们包括等效结构单元,则预计它们落入权利要求的范围之内。
Claims (24)
1.一种传感器,包括:
共振换能器,配置成确定乳状液的组成;
所述共振换能器包括顶部绕组和底部绕组,所述底部绕组耦合在横跨电容的两个相对端部,所述顶部绕组的互感用于感测底部绕组,所述互感用于横跨所述电容和所述顶部绕组测量所述底部绕组的阻抗谱的实部和虚部,所述阻抗谱是由当所述底部绕组接近所述乳状液时从所述底部绕组至所述顶部绕组的电响应来确定。
2.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述共振换能器包括共振器,其配置成测量与所述乳状液关联的所述共振换能器的全阻抗谱。
3.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述共振换能器是三维共振换能器。
4.如权利要求3所述的传感器,其中,所述三维共振换能器还包括:
取样管;
所述顶部绕组围绕所述取样管的上部设置;以及
所述底部绕组围绕所述取样管的下部设置。
5.如权利要求4所述的传感器,包括围绕所述顶部绕组和所述底部绕组所设置的射频吸收器。
6.如权利要求5所述的传感器,还包括围绕所述射频吸收器所设置的金属屏蔽。
7.如权利要求6所述的传感器,还包括围绕所述金属屏蔽所设置的护盖。
8.如权利要求4所述的传感器,还包括围绕所述顶部绕组和所述底部绕组所设置的电磁辐射的吸收器,其中取决于三维共振换能器和潜在干扰源的工作频率,所述吸收器吸收千赫兹、兆赫兹、千兆赫兹和太赫兹频率范围中的电磁辐射。
9.如权利要求4所述的传感器,还包括围绕所述顶部绕组和所述底部绕组所设置的电磁辐射的吸收器,其中所述吸收器是特定频率范围的单独层的组合。
10.如权利要求1所述的传感器,所述共振换能器配置成同时确定乳状液的第一和第二成分的浓度。
11.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述共振换能器所测量的所述阻抗谱的实部和虚部各自独立地用于同时确定所述乳状液的第一组成和第二组成。
12.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述共振换能器配置成测量所述共振换能器的阻抗谱的实部和虚部的至少三个数据点。
13.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述共振换能器包括检测所述共振换能器的电容和电阻的变化的感测区。
14.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述共振换能器从由一维共振换能器、二维共振换能器和三维共振换能器所组成的组中选取。
15.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述共振换能器包括检测所述共振换能器的电容、电阻和电感的变化的感测区。
16.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述共振换能器配置成对垂直于所述共振换能器、在0.1mm至1000mm之间的样本深度来探测环境。
17.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,传感器污垢的影响通过阻抗谱的信号处理来降低。
18.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,传感器污垢的影响通过与电场到所述乳状液中的穿透深度相关的换能器几何结构来降低。
19.一种传感器系统,包括:
共振换能器,配置成确定乳状液的组成;
取样组合件;以及
阻抗分析器;
所述共振换能器包括顶部绕组和底部绕组,所述底部绕组耦合在横跨电容的两个相对端部,所述顶部绕组的互感用于感测底部绕组,所述互感用于横跨所述电容和所述顶部绕组测量所述底部绕组的阻抗谱的实部和虚部,所述阻抗谱是由当所述底部绕组接近所述乳状液时从所述底部绕组至所述顶部绕组的电响应来确定。
20.如权利要求19所述的传感器系统,其中,所述共振换能器包括共振器,其配置成测量LCR共振电路参数的集合。
21.如权利要求20所述的传感器系统,其中,所述LCR共振电路参数的集合包括阻抗谱、所述阻抗谱的实部、阻抗谱的虚部、所述阻抗谱的实部和虚部、复阻抗的实部的最大值的频率、所述复阻抗的实部的幅值、共振频率、所述复阻抗的虚部的幅值以及所述复阻抗的虚部的反共振频率和幅值中的至少一个。
22.如权利要求19所述的传感器系统,其中,所述共振换能器包括厚度在2nm至50cm之间的介电层。
23.如权利要求20所述的传感器系统,其中,所述阻抗分析器将所述LCR共振电路参数的集合转换成复阻抗谱的值。
24.一种用于确定容器中的油和水的混合物的组成的传感器系统,包括:
采用共振换能器来确定在所述容器的一端的所述油以及在相对端的所述水的复阻抗谱值的集合的子系统,其中,所述共振换能器包括顶部绕组和底部绕组,所述底部绕组耦合在横跨电容的两个相对端部,所述顶部绕组的互感用于感测底部绕组,所述互感用于横跨所述电容和所述顶部绕组测量所述底部绕组的阻抗谱的实部和虚部,所述阻抗谱是由当所述底部绕组接近所述混合物时从所述底部绕组至所述顶部绕组的电响应来确定;
分别生成100%油和100%水的所述传感器系统的校准值的子系统;
从所述校准值来生成模型的子系统;以及
将所述模型应用于所述复阻抗谱值的集合以确定所述组成的子系统。
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2012
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2013
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RU2015109373A (ru) | 2016-11-20 |
CA2885601A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
US9658178B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
RU2652148C2 (ru) | 2018-04-25 |
MY177335A (en) | 2020-09-12 |
EP2901142A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
BR112015005324B1 (pt) | 2021-04-06 |
CN104662414A (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
BR112015005324A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
SG11201501787TA (en) | 2015-04-29 |
US20140090454A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
WO2014051989A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
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