CN104635713A - Electric energy metering system - Google Patents

Electric energy metering system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104635713A
CN104635713A CN201510098211.8A CN201510098211A CN104635713A CN 104635713 A CN104635713 A CN 104635713A CN 201510098211 A CN201510098211 A CN 201510098211A CN 104635713 A CN104635713 A CN 104635713A
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load
microcontroller
electric energy
metering system
energy metering
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CN104635713B (en
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林弘宇
李海忠
姚国风
李天杰
唐新忠
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Beijing Guodiantong Network Technology Co Ltd
Beijing Zhongdian Feihua Communication Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Beijing Guodiantong Network Technology Co Ltd
Beijing Fibrlink Communications Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • G01R22/061Details of electronic electricity meters
    • G01R22/063Details of electronic electricity meters related to remote communication
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种电能计量系统,包括微控制器、负载主控板和Zigbee通信单元以及家庭网关,所述微控制器与所述负载主控板和Zigbee通信单元相连,用于获取并存储与所述负载主控板所匹配的负载的用电信息、获取所述Zigbee通信单元发送的控制指令,依据所述控制指令通过所述控制命令所匹配的负载主控板控制负载的工作状态;所述家庭网关,用于依据获取到的用户发送的控制信号,生成并通过所述Zigbee通信单元向所述微控制器发送与所述控制信号相匹配的控制指令。因此用户可以依据所述微控制器中所存储的负载设备的用电信息获取在一段时间内每个负载设备的详细用电数据。

The application discloses an electric energy metering system, including a microcontroller, a load main control board, a Zigbee communication unit, and a home gateway, and the microcontroller is connected with the load main control board and the Zigbee communication unit for obtaining and storing The power consumption information of the load matched with the load main control board, the control command sent by the Zigbee communication unit is obtained, and the working state of the load is controlled by the load main control board matched with the control command according to the control command; The home gateway is configured to generate and send a control instruction matching the control signal to the microcontroller through the Zigbee communication unit according to the acquired control signal sent by the user. Therefore, the user can obtain detailed power consumption data of each load device within a period of time according to the power consumption information of the load device stored in the microcontroller.

Description

一种电能计量系统An electric energy metering system

技术领域technical field

本申请涉及电力信息检测与控制技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种电能计量系统。The present application relates to the technical field of electric power information detection and control, and more specifically, relates to an electric energy metering system.

背景技术Background technique

随着物联网时代的到来,智能家居行业也迎来前所未有发展机遇。众多互联网厂商、家电厂商风起云涌般加入到智能家居行业,纷纷推出品类丰富的智能家电,抢占更多的智能家居市场份额。With the advent of the Internet of Things era, the smart home industry is also ushering in unprecedented opportunities for development. Many Internet manufacturers and home appliance manufacturers have joined the smart home industry like a storm, and have launched a wide range of smart home appliances to seize more smart home market share.

目前现有的电能计量模块绝大部分是用于电表等计量设备,虽然用户能够通过电表等设备获得家用电器总的用电信息,但是用户却无法获取具体的每个大功率家电设备的单独的用电情况。At present, most of the existing electric energy metering modules are used for metering equipment such as electric meters. Although users can obtain the total electricity consumption information of household appliances through electric meters and other equipment, users cannot obtain specific individual information of each high-power home appliance. Electricity situation.

发明内容Contents of the invention

有鉴于此,本申请提供一种电能计量系统,用于解决现有技术中用户无法获取每个大功率家电设备的单独用电情况的问题。In view of this, the present application provides an electric energy metering system, which is used to solve the problem in the prior art that users cannot obtain the individual electricity consumption of each high-power household electrical appliance.

为了实现上述目的,现提出的方案如下:In order to achieve the above purpose, the proposed scheme is as follows:

一种电能计量系统,包括:An electric energy metering system comprising:

微控制器、负载主控板、Zigbee通信单元以及家庭网关;Microcontroller, load main control board, Zigbee communication unit and home gateway;

所述微控制器分别与所述负载主控板和Zigbee通信单元相连,用于获取并存储与所述负载主控板所匹配的负载的用电信息、获取所述Zigbee通信单元发送的控制指令,依据所述控制指令通过所述控制命令所匹配的负载主控板控制负载的工作状态;The micro-controller is respectively connected with the load main control board and the Zigbee communication unit, and is used to obtain and store the power consumption information of the load matched with the load main control board, and obtain the control instructions sent by the Zigbee communication unit , controlling the working state of the load through the load main control board matched with the control command according to the control command;

所述家庭网关,用于依据获取到的用户发送的控制信号,生成并通过所述Zigbee通信单元向所述微控制器发送控制指令。The home gateway is configured to generate and send a control instruction to the microcontroller through the Zigbee communication unit according to the acquired control signal sent by the user.

优选的,上述电能计量系统中,所述微控制器包括:Preferably, in the above electric energy metering system, the microcontroller includes:

解析单元,用于对获取到的控制指令进行解析,获取所述控制指令所述对应的负载主控板的地址信息和开关量信息。The parsing unit is configured to parse the obtained control instruction, and obtain the address information and switch value information of the load main control board corresponding to the control instruction.

优选的,上述电能计量系统中,所述用电信息包括:Preferably, in the above electric energy metering system, the electricity consumption information includes:

负载的电压、电流、功率、功率因数和电量信息。Load voltage, current, power, power factor and power information.

优选的,上述电能计量系统中,所述微控制器包括:Preferably, in the above electric energy metering system, the microcontroller includes:

计算单元,用于依据获取到的负载的用电信息计算并存储预设时间段内负载的平均功率和平均用电量。The calculation unit is used to calculate and store the average power and average power consumption of the load within a preset period of time according to the acquired power consumption information of the load.

优选的,上述电能计量系统中,所述微控制器还包括:Preferably, in the above electric energy metering system, the microcontroller further includes:

加密器,用于采用预设方式对存储数据进行加密。An encryptor for encrypting stored data in a preset manner.

优选的,上述电能计量系统中,还包括:Preferably, the above electric energy metering system also includes:

输入端与电网相连、输出端与所述微控制器相连的掉电检测电路,用于当电网断电时,向所述微控制器发送掉电信号。A power-down detection circuit whose input end is connected to the grid and whose output end is connected to the microcontroller is used to send a power-down signal to the microcontroller when the grid is powered off.

优选的,上述电能计量系统中,所述微控制器还包括:Preferably, in the above electric energy metering system, the microcontroller further includes:

闪存器,用于当获取到掉电信号时存储当前获取到的用电信息。The flash memory is used for storing the currently obtained power consumption information when the power down signal is obtained.

优选的,上述电能计量系统中,还包括:Preferably, the above electric energy metering system also includes:

与所述微控制器相连的用电信息采集单元,用于采集并存储用户总的用电信息。The power consumption information collection unit connected with the microcontroller is used to collect and store the total power consumption information of the user.

优选的,上述电能计量系统中,还包括:Preferably, the above electric energy metering system also includes:

无线遥控设备,用于向所述Zigbee通信单元发送控制信号。The wireless remote control device is used to send control signals to the Zigbee communication unit.

优选的,上述电能计量系统中,所述微控制器在获取到所述负载的用电信息后的工作过程还包括:Preferably, in the above electric energy metering system, the working process of the microcontroller after obtaining the power consumption information of the load further includes:

依据所述负载的用电信息确定并存储用电负载的运行状态和当前运行状态所对应的时间信息。The operating state of the electric load and time information corresponding to the current operating state are determined and stored according to the electric power consumption information of the load.

从上述的技术方案可以看出,本申请公开的电能计量系统可知,所述电能计量系统中的微控制器可通过负载主控版获取并存储每一负载的用电信息,用户可以依据所述微控制器中所存储的负载设备的用电信息获取在一段时间内每个负载设备的详细用电数据。It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the electric energy metering system disclosed in the present application can know that the microcontroller in the electric energy metering system can obtain and store the electricity consumption information of each load through the load master control board, and the user can The power consumption information of the load equipment stored in the microcontroller acquires detailed power consumption data of each load equipment within a period of time.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative work.

图1为本申请实施例公开的电能计量系统的结构图;FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an electric energy metering system disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

图2为本申请另一实施例公开的电能计量系统的结构图;Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an electric energy metering system disclosed in another embodiment of the present application;

图3为本申请实施例公开的掉电检测电路的结构图;FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a power-down detection circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

图4为本申请实施例中为用电信息采集单元中的电流、电压转换电路的结构图;Fig. 4 is the structural diagram of the current and voltage conversion circuit in the power consumption information collection unit in the embodiment of the present application;

图5为本申请实施例公开的用电信息采集单元中的CS5463芯片及其外围电路的结构图;5 is a structural diagram of the CS5463 chip and its peripheral circuits in the electricity consumption information collection unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present application;

图6为本申请实施例公开的第一电源电路的电路原理图;FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of the first power supply circuit disclosed in the embodiment of the present application;

图7为本申请实施例公开的第二电源电路的电路原理图。FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second power supply circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了解决用户只能通过现有技术中的电表等计量设备获取每月总的用电信息,而不能查看特定的用电设备的用电信息的问题,本申请公开了一种电能计量系统。In order to solve the problem that users can only obtain the total monthly electricity consumption information through metering equipment such as electric meters in the prior art, but cannot view the electricity consumption information of specific electrical equipment, the application discloses an electric energy metering system.

下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

参见图1,本申请实施例公开的电能计量系统包括:Referring to Figure 1, the electric energy metering system disclosed in the embodiment of the present application includes:

微控制器1、负载主控板2和Zigbee通信单元3以及家庭网关4;Microcontroller 1, load main control board 2, Zigbee communication unit 3 and home gateway 4;

所述微控制器1与所述Zigbee通信单元3和所述负载主控板2相连,用于获取并存储与所述负载主控板2所匹配的负载的用电信息、获取所述Zigbee通信单元3发送的控制指令,并依据所述控制指令通过与所述控制命令所匹配的负载主控板2控制负载的工作状态;The microcontroller 1 is connected with the Zigbee communication unit 3 and the load main control board 2, and is used to acquire and store the power consumption information of the load matched with the load main control board 2, obtain the Zigbee communication The control command sent by the unit 3, and according to the control command, control the working state of the load through the load main control board 2 matched with the control command;

所述家庭网关4通过无线路由器与所述Zigbee通信单元相连,用于依据获取到的用户发送的控制信号,生成并通过所述Zigbee通信单元3向所述微控制器1发生与所述控制信号相匹配的控制指令,所述Zigbee通信单元为具有Zigbee功能的无线通信设备,所述Zigbee为一种基于IEEE802.15.4标准的无线传输技术,可满足远程监视、控制和传感器网络应用等需求。。The home gateway 4 is connected to the Zigbee communication unit through a wireless router, and is used to generate and generate the control signal to the microcontroller 1 through the Zigbee communication unit 3 according to the obtained control signal sent by the user. Matching control instructions, the Zigbee communication unit is a wireless communication device with Zigbee function, and the Zigbee is a wireless transmission technology based on the IEEE802.15.4 standard, which can meet the requirements of remote monitoring, control and sensor network applications. .

通过本申请上述实施例公开的技术方案可知,所述微控制器可通过获取并存储每一负载的用电信息,用户可以依据所述微控制器中所存储的负载设备的用电信息获取在一段时间内该负载设备的详细用电数据。According to the technical solutions disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application, the microcontroller can obtain and store the power consumption information of each load, and the user can obtain the power consumption information of the load equipment stored in the microcontroller. Detailed power consumption data of the load device over a period of time.

可以理解的是,本申请上述实施例中,所述微控制器1与所述负载主控板2之间可以通过数据接口直接相连,当然为了方便数据传递,两者之间也可以通过所述Zigbee通信单元3进行数据交互。It can be understood that, in the above embodiments of the present application, the microcontroller 1 and the load main control board 2 can be directly connected through a data interface. Of course, in order to facilitate data transmission, the two can also be connected through the Zigbee communication unit 3 performs data interaction.

可以理解的是,在采用所述Zigbee通信单元实现所述微控制器与负载主控板之间的数据交互时,所述Zigbee通信单元还可依据由所述负载主控板获取到的负载设备的用电信息,向所述微控制器反馈负载设备被控制后的状态和负载当前的用电信息,当然,若所述负载出现故障时,也可通过所述Zigbee通信单元主动上报负载的异常状态,以确保用户能够及时发现和处理故障设备,可以理解的是,为了保证所述Zigbee通信单元的可靠性,所述Zigbee通信单元使用的射频芯片可以为TI公司的型号为CC2500的射频芯片。It can be understood that, when using the Zigbee communication unit to realize the data interaction between the microcontroller and the load main control board, the Zigbee communication unit can also be based on the load equipment obtained by the load main control board The power consumption information of the load device is fed back to the microcontroller after the state of the load device is controlled and the current power consumption information of the load. Of course, if the load fails, the abnormality of the load can also be actively reported through the Zigbee communication unit State, to ensure that users can find and deal with faulty equipment in time, it can be understood that, in order to ensure the reliability of the Zigbee communication unit, the radio frequency chip used by the Zigbee communication unit can be the radio frequency chip of CC2500 model of TI company.

可以理解的是,在日常生活中用户通过负载主控板控制负载的运行状态,且每一负载均对应一负载主控板,因此,本申请公开的技术方案中的所述微控制器可通过所述负载主控板获取所述负载的用电信息,将获取到的用电信息依据预设方式处理后存储至存储器中,用户即可通过对所述存储器中的数据进行读取,从而获取每个负载设备的用电信息,可以理解的是,用户可以根据自身需求选择预设的处理程序对所述获取到的负载的用电信息进行处理,例如可通过预设的处理程序对所述负载的用电信息进行处理,计算得到负载的电压、电流、功率和功率因数等,因此上述微控制器中还可以包括一计算单元,用于依据采用预设程序和获取到的负载的用电信息计算并存储所述负载在预设时间段内的平均功率和平均用电量等,其中所述预设时间可以根据用户的需求自行设定,例如:1分钟、1小时等。It can be understood that in daily life, the user controls the operating state of the load through the load main control board, and each load corresponds to a load main control board. Therefore, the microcontroller in the technical solution disclosed in this application can The main control board of the load acquires the power consumption information of the load, processes the acquired power consumption information in a preset manner and stores it in the memory, and the user can read the data in the memory to obtain For the power consumption information of each load device, it can be understood that the user can select a preset processing program to process the acquired power consumption information of the load according to his own needs, for example, the preset processing program can be used to process the The power consumption information of the load is processed, and the voltage, current, power and power factor of the load are obtained by calculation. Therefore, the above-mentioned microcontroller may also include a calculation unit, which is used to obtain the power consumption of the load according to the preset program and The information calculates and stores the average power and average power consumption of the load within a preset time period, wherein the preset time can be set according to the user's needs, for example: 1 minute, 1 hour, etc.

可以理解的是,为了方便用户查看存储的数据信息,所述微控制器若要自动存储负载设备一月的用电数据时,则需要同时存储与当前数据所匹配的时钟信息。所述时钟信息可以是通过单片机的定时器模拟产生的,即通过单片机的预设程序实现的“软时钟”,“软时钟”包含的时间信息可以有年、月、日、时、分、秒。采用“软时钟”方式省去了时钟芯片,即简化了电路又降低了成本。时钟信号的起点,可以是在负载刚上电时,微控制器可以通过Zigbee通信单元从家庭网关或负载主控板获得时钟信号。因为单片机模拟的“软时钟”和时钟芯片相比,精度让有一定差距,因此为了避免长时间运行后,所述时钟信号和真实时间偏移过大,每隔一定的周期,所述微控制器需要每隔预设时间段对所述时钟信号进行一次校对。It can be understood that, in order to facilitate the user to check the stored data information, if the microcontroller is to automatically store the electricity consumption data of the load device for one month, it needs to store the clock information matching the current data at the same time. The clock information can be generated by the timer simulation of the single-chip microcomputer, that is, the "soft clock" realized by the preset program of the single-chip microcomputer, and the time information contained in the "soft clock" can include year, month, day, hour, minute, second . The "soft clock" method saves the clock chip, which simplifies the circuit and reduces the cost. The starting point of the clock signal can be that when the load is just powered on, the microcontroller can obtain the clock signal from the home gateway or the load main control board through the Zigbee communication unit. Because the "soft clock" simulated by the single-chip microcomputer has a certain gap in accuracy compared with the clock chip, so in order to avoid the excessive deviation between the clock signal and the real time after a long time running, the micro-controller The controller needs to check the clock signal every preset time period.

当所述电能计量系统在上电时,所述微控制器可通过所述负载主控板获取当前时钟信号,从而可以根据获取到的时钟信号自动存储该负载设备最近一个月的功率、电量信息以及家电的状态信息,当然也可以通过网络设备获取当前时钟信号。当所述电能计量系统工作后,所述负载主控板可通过标准接口获取负载设备的用电信息,并将获取到的用电信息发送至所述微控制器。When the electric energy metering system is powered on, the microcontroller can obtain the current clock signal through the load main control board, thereby automatically storing the power and electric quantity information of the load device for the last month according to the obtained clock signal As well as the status information of home appliances, of course, the current clock signal can also be obtained through network equipment. When the electric energy metering system is working, the load main control board can obtain the power consumption information of the load equipment through a standard interface, and send the obtained power consumption information to the microcontroller.

当然,可以理解的是,为了方便用户对负载设备进行远程控制,使得用户无需在所述设备现场的情况下也可对所述负载的工作状态进行控制,上述电能计量系统中的Zigbee通信单元和可以与家庭网关相连,所述家庭网关为信息时代带给人们的又一个高科技产物,它借助现有的计算机网络技术,将家庭内各种家电和设备连网,通过网络为人们提供各种丰富、多样化、个性化、方便、舒适、安全和高效的服务。当用户需要远程控制负载设备时,可通过无线网络向所述Zigbee通信单元发送相应的控制信号,然后再通过所述微控制器和负载主控板控制所述负载的工作状态。因此所述微控制器还可以包括一解析单元,所述微控制器获取到所述Zigbee通信单元发送的控制指令后,通过所述解析单元对所述控制指令进行解析,确定所述控制指令对应的控制对象(所述控制指令所对应的负载主控板)和所述控制指令对应的动作信息,并将该动作信息发送至与所述控制指令所匹配的负载主控板,所述负载主控板依据所述动作信息对负载的工作状态进行控制,所述动作信息包括:负载的开启、关闭以及负载的工作模式的切换等。Of course, it can be understood that, in order to facilitate the remote control of the load equipment by the user, so that the user can also control the working state of the load without being at the equipment site, the Zigbee communication unit and the It can be connected with the home gateway, which is another high-tech product brought to people by the information age. It uses the existing computer network technology to connect various home appliances and equipment in the family to the network, and provides people with various services through the network. Rich, diverse, personalized, convenient, comfortable, safe and efficient services. When the user needs to remotely control the load device, the corresponding control signal can be sent to the Zigbee communication unit through the wireless network, and then the working state of the load is controlled through the microcontroller and the load main control board. Therefore, the microcontroller can also include an analysis unit, after the microcontroller obtains the control instruction sent by the Zigbee communication unit, the analysis unit analyzes the control instruction to determine that the control instruction corresponds to control object (the load main control board corresponding to the control instruction) and the action information corresponding to the control instruction, and send the action information to the load main control board matching the control instruction, and the load main control board The control board controls the working state of the load according to the action information, and the action information includes: opening and closing of the load, switching of the working mode of the load, and the like.

可以理解的是,与所述微控制器相连的负载控制板的数量可以根据用户需求自定设定,且每一负载均对应位移地址信息,当所述微控制器获取到所述Zigbee通信单元转发的控制指令后,对所述控制指令进行解析即可获取所述负载的地址信息。It can be understood that the number of load control boards connected to the microcontroller can be set according to user needs, and each load corresponds to displacement address information. When the microcontroller obtains the Zigbee communication unit After the control instruction is forwarded, the address information of the load can be obtained by parsing the control instruction.

当然可以理解的是,为了方便用户获取存储的负载的用电信息以及能够存储更多的负载的用电信息,本申请上述实施例中还可以包括一存储单元,所述存储单元用于存储所述用电信息以及所述微控制器对所述用电信息处理得到的数据信息,所述存储单元的类型可以根据用户的需求自行选择,例如,本申请上述实施例中的存储单元可以为型号为AT24C64的存储单元,当然可以理解的是,为了使得用户能够更加方便的读取所述存储单元中的数据内容,上述电能计量系统还可以包括一触控屏,用于选择/读取所述存储单元中的存储数据。Of course, it can be understood that, in order to facilitate the user to obtain the stored power consumption information of loads and to be able to store more power consumption information of loads, the above embodiments of the present application may further include a storage unit for storing all The power consumption information and the data information obtained by the microcontroller processing the power consumption information, the type of the storage unit can be selected according to the needs of the user, for example, the storage unit in the above embodiments of the present application can be model It is a storage unit of AT24C64. Of course, it can be understood that in order to enable users to read the data content in the storage unit more conveniently, the above-mentioned electric energy metering system can also include a touch screen for selecting/reading the Storage data in the storage unit.

可以理解的是,为了提高用户用电信息的安全性,所述微控制器还可以包括一加密器,用于在所述微控制器存储数据时,采用预设方式对所存储的数据进行加密,其中,在对所需存储的数据进行存储时,可以选用预设的密码进行加密,以防止用户的用电信息被恶意泄露。It can be understood that, in order to improve the security of the user's electricity consumption information, the microcontroller may also include an encryptor, which is used to encrypt the stored data in a preset manner when the microcontroller stores data , wherein, when storing the data to be stored, a preset password can be selected for encryption, so as to prevent the user's power consumption information from being maliciously leaked.

可以理解的是,为了防止意外断电而造成数据流失的情况发生,本申请上述实施例中的所述电能计量系统还可以包括一掉电检测电路,所述掉电检测电路的输入端与电网相连、输出端与所述微控制器相连,用于判断电网的运行状态,当电网断电时,向所述微控制器发送一掉电信号。当然可以理解的是,所述微控制器中对应设置有一闪存器,用于在获取到所述掉电信号后立即存储且当前数据处理。所述掉电检测电路的具体结构可以为现有技术中任意一实施例公开的掉电检测电路,只要能够保证其在电网断电时能够向所述微控制器发送掉电信号即可,为了方便对所述掉电检测电路进行说明,参见图2和图3本申请公开的掉电检测电路5可以包括前端电路501和后端电路502,所述前端电路501用于将电网的220V交流电转换成为低压方波信号,参见图1,所述前端电路501包括:二极管的阴极与电网相连阳极通过电阻R1接地的光球器ISO2,所述光耦器ISO2的MOS器件的输出端接地,另一端通过电阻R2与供电电源相连,所述电阻R2与MOS器件的公共端作为所述前端电路501的输出端,输出PWR_DOWN信号,即当电网中存在电流时,光耦器件ISO2中的发光器件发光,所述MOS器件导通,所述前端电路501的供电电源通过电阻R2和光耦器接地,前端电路501输出低电平信号。参见图3,所述后端电路502由TLC555ID定时器以及其外围电路构成,所述TLC555ID定时器主要用于将获取到的PWR_DOWN信号转换为与其匹配的电平信号,当电网中存在220V交流电时,PWR_DOWN信号为低电平信号,所述TLC555ID定时器的PD_INT引脚输出高电平信号,当电网中不存在220V交流电时,即掉电的情况下,所述PWR_DOWN信号为高电平信号,所述TLC555ID定时器的PD_INT引脚输出信号变为低电平;由此,在掉电时,PD_INT引脚将产生一个下降沿中断信号给所述微控制器,所述微控制器利用此中断信号即可进行掉电保护处理。It can be understood that, in order to prevent data loss caused by accidental power failure, the electric energy metering system in the above embodiments of the present application may also include a power failure detection circuit, the input terminal of the power failure detection circuit is connected to the power grid connected, and the output end is connected to the microcontroller for judging the running state of the grid, and when the grid is powered off, a power-down signal is sent to the microcontroller. Of course, it can be understood that the microcontroller is correspondingly provided with a flash memory for storing and processing current data immediately after acquiring the power-down signal. The specific structure of the power-down detection circuit can be the power-down detection circuit disclosed in any embodiment of the prior art, as long as it can ensure that it can send a power-down signal to the microcontroller when the grid is powered off. To facilitate the description of the power-off detection circuit, see FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. The power-off detection circuit 5 disclosed in this application may include a front-end circuit 501 and a back-end circuit 502. The front-end circuit 501 is used to convert the 220V AC power of the grid Become a low-voltage square wave signal, referring to Fig. 1, the front-end circuit 501 includes: the cathode of the diode is connected to the grid and the anode is connected to the photosphere ISO2 through the resistor R1, the output end of the MOS device of the optocoupler ISO2 is grounded, and the other end The resistor R2 is connected to the power supply, and the common terminal of the resistor R2 and the MOS device is used as the output terminal of the front-end circuit 501 to output a PWR_DOWN signal, that is, when there is current in the power grid, the light-emitting device in the optocoupler device ISO2 emits light. The MOS device is turned on, the power supply of the front-end circuit 501 is grounded through the resistor R2 and the optocoupler, and the front-end circuit 501 outputs a low-level signal. Referring to FIG. 3, the back-end circuit 502 is composed of a TLC555ID timer and its peripheral circuits. The TLC555ID timer is mainly used to convert the acquired PWR_DOWN signal into a matching level signal. When there is 220V AC in the grid , the PWR_DOWN signal is a low-level signal, and the PD_INT pin of the TLC555ID timer outputs a high-level signal. When there is no 220V AC power in the grid, that is, in the case of power failure, the PWR_DOWN signal is a high-level signal. The PD_INT pin output signal of the TLC555ID timer becomes a low level; thus, when the power is off, the PD_INT pin will generate a falling edge interrupt signal to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller utilizes this interrupt The signal can be processed for power-down protection.

可以理解的是,所述电能计量系统除了可以对用户家庭中每一负载设备的用电信息进行存储之外,还可对用户总的用电信息进行计量,因此本申请上述实施例中的所述电能计量系统还可以包括一用电信息采集单元,所述用电信息采集单元用于采集并存储用户总的用电信息,对用户总的用电量进行计量,可以理解的是,现有技术中对用户总的用电信息进行采集和计量的设备多种多样,本申请上述实施例中的用电信息采集单元可以为现有技术中任意一种类型的电能计量设备,为了降低所述用电信息采集单元的成本、提高计量精度,所述用电信息采集单元在采集电流时可选择采用锰铜采样电阻,该方式相较于传统的电流互感器采集方式而言,能够有效解决电流互感器容易出现饱和的问题,当然,还可以在所述用电信息采集单元的计量芯片的小信号采集电路处增加滤波和干扰抑制元件,以进一步保证计量精度和计量电路的稳定性。所述信息采集单元的计量芯片可以采用Cirrus Logic公司的CS5463计量芯片来搭建。所述CS5463芯片可以使用低成本的分流器或互感器测量电流,使用分压电阻或电压互感器测量电压。所述用电信息采集单元的电压测量采用分压电阻来实现,如图4所示,电网220V的高压依次经过分压电阻R3-R8分压,在电阻R9两侧得到毫伏级的低压交流小信号,将该信号送入CS5463芯片的电压采集通道VIN-和VIN+。用电信息采集单元的电流测量使用锰铜电阻来实现,如图4所示,电网大电流经过锰铜电阻R10,在电阻R10两侧得到的mV级的低压小信号,将该信号送入CS5463芯片的前端电电流采集通道IIN-和IIN+。如图5所示,所述CS5463芯片的电压通道和电流通道以及外围电路将交流小信号发送至所述CS5463芯片内部,且为了使得两个通道的输入信号在一定电压范围内可控,还可在所述电压和电流通道设置保护二极管。并且所述电流通道处还可设置有滤波电感和压敏电阻,以增强两个通道之间的抗干扰能力和保证数据采集的精准性。It can be understood that, in addition to storing the power consumption information of each load device in the user's home, the electric energy metering system can also measure the total power consumption information of the user, so all the power consumption information in the above embodiments of the present application The electric energy metering system may also include an electricity consumption information collection unit, the electricity consumption information collection unit is used to collect and store the total electricity consumption information of the user, and measure the total electricity consumption of the user. It can be understood that the existing In the technology, there are various devices for collecting and measuring the total electricity consumption information of users. The electricity consumption information collection unit in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application can be any type of electric energy metering equipment in the prior art. In order to reduce the The cost of the electricity consumption information collection unit and the improvement of metering accuracy, the electricity consumption information collection unit can choose to use manganese copper sampling resistors when collecting current. Compared with the traditional current transformer collection method, this method can effectively solve the current problem. Transformers are prone to saturation problems. Of course, filtering and interference suppression components can also be added to the small signal acquisition circuit of the metering chip of the power consumption information acquisition unit to further ensure metering accuracy and metering circuit stability. The metering chip of the information collection unit can be constructed by using the CS5463 metering chip of Cirrus Logic Company. The CS5463 chip can use low-cost shunts or transformers to measure current, and use voltage dividing resistors or voltage transformers to measure voltage. The voltage measurement of the electricity consumption information acquisition unit is realized by voltage dividing resistors, as shown in Figure 4, the high voltage of 220V of the grid is divided by the voltage dividing resistors R3-R8 in turn, and the millivolt-level low-voltage alternating current is obtained on both sides of the resistor R9. Small signal, send the signal to the voltage acquisition channels VIN- and VIN+ of the CS5463 chip. The current measurement of the power consumption information acquisition unit is realized by a manganin resistor, as shown in Figure 4, the large current of the power grid passes through the manganin resistor R10, and the mV-level low-voltage small signal obtained on both sides of the resistor R10 is sent to the CS5463 The front-end electrical current acquisition channels IIN- and IIN+ of the chip. As shown in Figure 5, the voltage channel, current channel and peripheral circuit of the CS5463 chip send small AC signals to the inside of the CS5463 chip, and in order to make the input signals of the two channels controllable within a certain voltage range, it is also possible to Protective diodes are provided on the voltage and current channels. In addition, filter inductors and piezoresistors can also be provided at the current channel to enhance the anti-interference ability between the two channels and ensure the accuracy of data collection.

可以理解的是,为了方便用户对所述负载的工作状态进行控制,本申请上述实施例中的电能计量系统还可以包括一无线遥控设备,所述无线遥控设备用于向所述Zigbee通信单元发送控制信号,可以理解的是,所述无线遥控设备可以为直接通过红外信号向所述Zigbee通信单元发送控制信号的控制设备,当然也可以为通过无线网络和所述家庭网关向所述Zigbee通信单元发送控制信号的移动终端设备。It can be understood that, in order to facilitate the user to control the working state of the load, the electric energy metering system in the above embodiments of the present application may also include a wireless remote control device, and the wireless remote control device is used to send to the Zigbee communication unit Control signal, it can be understood that the wireless remote control device can be a control device that directly sends a control signal to the Zigbee communication unit through an infrared signal, and can also be a control device that sends a control signal to the Zigbee communication unit through a wireless network and the home gateway. Mobile terminal equipment that sends control signals.

可以理解的是,为了方便用户查看每月负载设备的运行规律,以合理安排作息时间,本申请上述实施例中的所述电能计量系统中,所述微控制器在获取到所述负载的用电信息后的工作过程还可以包括:依据所述负载的用电信息获取并存储负载的运行状态,以及依据时钟信号存储负载当前运行状态所对应的时间信息,其中负载当前运行状态对应的时间信息可以包括:当前状态的启动时间,以及当前状态的运行时间长度等信息。It can be understood that, in order to facilitate the user to view the monthly operating rules of the load equipment and to arrange the work and rest time reasonably, in the electric energy metering system in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application, the microcontroller obtains the usage of the load The working process after the electrical information may also include: acquiring and storing the running state of the load according to the power consumption information of the load, and storing the time information corresponding to the current running state of the load according to the clock signal, wherein the time information corresponding to the current running state of the load It can include information such as: the start time of the current state, and the running time of the current state.

可以理解的是,所述为了节约资源、提高电源的转换效率、降低模块的总体功耗,所述电能计量系统的电源可以采用NCP1015非隔离方案进行设计。其中所述电能计量系统的电源可以包括串联的第一电源电路和第二电源电路,所述第一电源电路和第二电源电路均采用开关电源方案进行设计,所述第一电源电路的输入端与电网相连输出端与所述用电信息采集单元的中的计量芯片相连,所述第一电源电路可采用NCP1015非隔离方案设置,其可采用动态自供电(DSS)技术,因此NCP1015芯片的工作电压可直接由漏极吸取,因此相较于传统的技术方案省去了辅助线圈,简化了电路,减少了变压器所占的体积,同时也降低了生产成本,所述第一电源电路的输出电压可以根据用户需求自行设定,例如所述第一电源电路的输出电压可以为5VDC,即所述第一电源电路为220VAC-5VDC的转换电路,所述第二电源电路用于向所述计量芯片和所述微控制器提供工作电压,其可以为5VDC-3V3DC的电压转换电路,该第二电源电路的核心器件可采用TI公司的DC/DC开关电源芯片TPS5401,相较于常规的降压LDO而言,转换效率高。所述第一电源电路的电路原理图可以为图6所示,所述第二电源电路的电路原理图可以为图7所示。It can be understood that, in order to save resources, improve the conversion efficiency of the power supply, and reduce the overall power consumption of the module, the power supply of the electric energy metering system can be designed using the NCP1015 non-isolation scheme. Wherein the power supply of the electric energy metering system may include a first power supply circuit and a second power supply circuit connected in series, and both the first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit are designed with a switching power supply scheme, and the input terminal of the first power supply circuit The output terminal connected to the power grid is connected to the metering chip in the power consumption information collection unit, and the first power supply circuit can be set by NCP1015 non-isolation scheme, which can adopt dynamic self-supply (DSS) technology, so the work of NCP1015 chip The voltage can be directly absorbed by the drain, so compared with the traditional technical solution, the auxiliary coil is omitted, the circuit is simplified, the volume occupied by the transformer is reduced, and the production cost is also reduced. The output voltage of the first power supply circuit It can be set according to the needs of users. For example, the output voltage of the first power supply circuit can be 5VDC, that is, the first power supply circuit is a conversion circuit of 220VAC-5VDC, and the second power supply circuit is used to supply the metering chip Provide working voltage with the microcontroller, which can be a voltage conversion circuit of 5VDC-3V3DC, and the core device of the second power supply circuit can adopt the DC/DC switching power supply chip TPS5401 of TI Company, compared with the conventional step-down LDO The conversion efficiency is high. A schematic circuit diagram of the first power supply circuit may be shown in FIG. 6 , and a schematic circuit diagram of the second power supply circuit may be shown in FIG. 7 .

为了进一步保证设备的安全性,减少电能计量系统对负载主控板的影响、保证负载设备运行的稳定性、增强设备的抗干扰性和安全性,本申请上述实施例中所述微控制器与所述负载主控板之间可使用隔离的通信接口,例如可以为SPI接口或UART接口。In order to further ensure the safety of the equipment, reduce the influence of the electric energy metering system on the load main control board, ensure the stability of the load equipment operation, and enhance the anti-interference and safety of the equipment, the microcontroller described in the above-mentioned embodiments of the application and An isolated communication interface may be used between the load main control boards, such as an SPI interface or a UART interface.

本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other.

对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1.一种电能计量系统,其特征在于,包括:1. An electric energy metering system, characterized in that, comprising: 微控制器、负载主控板、Zigbee通信单元以及家庭网关;Microcontroller, load main control board, Zigbee communication unit and home gateway; 所述微控制器分别与所述负载主控板和Zigbee通信单元相连,用于获取并存储与所述负载主控板所匹配的负载的用电信息、获取所述Zigbee通信单元发送的控制指令,依据所述控制指令通过所述控制命令所匹配的负载主控板控制负载的工作状态;The micro-controller is respectively connected with the load main control board and the Zigbee communication unit, and is used to obtain and store the power consumption information of the load matched with the load main control board, and obtain the control instructions sent by the Zigbee communication unit , controlling the working state of the load through the load main control board matched with the control command according to the control command; 所述家庭网关,用于依据获取到的用户发送的控制信号,生成并通过所述Zigbee通信单元向所述微控制器发送控制指令。The home gateway is configured to generate and send a control instruction to the microcontroller through the Zigbee communication unit according to the acquired control signal sent by the user. 2.根据权利要求1所述的电能计量系统,其特征在于,所述微控制器包括:2. The electric energy metering system according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller comprises: 解析单元,用于对获取到的控制指令进行解析,获取所述控制指令所述对应的负载主控板的地址信息和开关量信息。The parsing unit is configured to parse the obtained control instruction, and obtain the address information and switch value information of the load main control board corresponding to the control instruction. 3.根据权利要求1所述的电能计量系统,其特征在于,所述用电信息包括:3. The electric energy metering system according to claim 1, wherein the electricity consumption information includes: 负载的电压、电流、功率、功率因数和电量信息。Load voltage, current, power, power factor and power information. 4.根据权利要求1所述的电能计量系统,其特征在于,所述微控制器包括:4. The electric energy metering system according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller comprises: 计算单元,用于依据获取到的负载的用电信息计算并存储预设时间段内负载的平均功率和平均用电量。The calculation unit is used to calculate and store the average power and average power consumption of the load within a preset period of time according to the acquired power consumption information of the load. 5.根据权利要求1所述的电能计量系统,其特征在于,所述微控制器还包括:5. The electric energy metering system according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller further comprises: 加密器,用于采用预设方式对存储数据进行加密。An encryptor for encrypting stored data in a preset manner. 6.根据权利要求1所述的电能计量系统,其特征在于,还包括:6. The electric energy metering system according to claim 1, further comprising: 输入端与电网相连、输出端与所述微控制器相连的掉电检测电路,用于当电网断电时,向所述微控制器发送掉电信号。A power-down detection circuit whose input end is connected to the grid and whose output end is connected to the microcontroller is used to send a power-down signal to the microcontroller when the grid is powered off. 7.根据权利要求6所述的电能计量系统,其特征在于,所述微控制器还包括:7. The electric energy metering system according to claim 6, wherein the microcontroller further comprises: 闪存器,用于当获取到掉电信号时,存储当前获取到的用电信息。The flash memory is used for storing the currently obtained power consumption information when the power down signal is obtained. 8.根据权利要求1所述的电能计量系统,其特征在于,还包括:8. The electric energy metering system according to claim 1, further comprising: 与所述微控制器相连的用电信息采集单元,用于采集并存储用户总的用电信息。The power consumption information collection unit connected with the microcontroller is used to collect and store the total power consumption information of the user. 9.根据权利要求1所述的电能计量系统,其特征在于,还包括:9. The electric energy metering system according to claim 1, further comprising: 无线遥控设备,用于向所述Zigbee通信单元发送控制信号。The wireless remote control device is used to send control signals to the Zigbee communication unit. 10.根据权利要求1所述的电能计量系统,其特征在于,所述微控制器在获取到所述负载的用电信息后的工作过程还包括:10. The electric energy metering system according to claim 1, wherein the working process of the microcontroller after obtaining the power consumption information of the load further comprises: 依据所述负载的用电信息确定并存储用电负载的运行状态和当前运行状态所对应的时间信息。The operating state of the electric load and time information corresponding to the current operating state are determined and stored according to the electric power consumption information of the load.
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