CN104625876B - Supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement - Google Patents

Supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104625876B
CN104625876B CN201510086593.2A CN201510086593A CN104625876B CN 104625876 B CN104625876 B CN 104625876B CN 201510086593 A CN201510086593 A CN 201510086593A CN 104625876 B CN104625876 B CN 104625876B
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blade
measurement
probe
coordinate value
measuring point
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CN104625876A (en
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张纪可
宋明忠
程世昌
徐彦
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711th Research Institute of CSIC
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711th Research Institute of CSIC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/02Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine or like blades from one piece
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/20Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness

Abstract

The invention discloses the supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement, including:Step a, touch trigger probe is demarcated;Step b, according to blade three-dimensional DEM, m measurement station coordinate system, planning survey path are set;Step c, process of measurement is produced according to measuring route, and in digital control system;Step d, roughing is first carried out to blade, then touch trigger probe is arranged on main shaft of numerical control machine tool;Step e, operating measurement program, driving touch trigger probe motion, stores measuring point coordinate value;Step f, blade measuring point coordinate value is transferred to computer;Computer carries out multistation alignment of data to it, is then calculated compared with blade three-dimensional DEM, obtains blade processing deflection and deformation rule;Step g, blade finishing Contrary compensation surplus is calculated, then carries out blade finishing according to Contrary compensation surplus.The present invention eliminates heat treatment step, solves the problem that repositioning is repaired in off-line measurement dismounting.

Description

Supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of supercharger impeller blade machining process.
Background technology
Critical component of the impeller as booster, its manufacture level directly affect the service behaviour of booster.Impeller at present The shape of blade is mostly complex free curved surface, and distortion is serious, thinner thickness, and thickness is even less than 1mm at some blade edges, In NC Machining Process, influenceed by many factors such as cutting force, cutting heat, residual stress, machining deformation easily occurs, so as to reach Less than blade dimensions required precision.
For the small impeller of some thinner thicknesses after blade roughing, machining deformation is excessive, causes blade finishing to owe to cut. In this case it is necessary to which impeller to be disassembled to carry out Tempering and Quenching after blade roughing from machining tool, then return Return machining tool and carry out blade semifinishing and finishing.This Impeller Machining technique adds heat treatment step, extends life The time is produced, also increases production cost.
The automatic measurement to supercharger impeller blade is usually to use the off-line measurement method of three coordinate measuring machine at present, is led to Cross high accuracy three coordinate measuring machine blade outline and thickness, blade tip and inner flow passage profile tolerance, leading edge profile degree etc. are carried out from Line inspection detection eventually.This off-line measurement method compensates control if desired for the machining deformation to being surveyed, then returns to impeller Lathe carries out reparation reprocessing, but now machining benchmark would become hard to be accurately positioned again, accurate so as to be carried out to machining deformation Repair reprocessing.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of supercharger impeller blade processing based on on-machine measurement Method, it can be after blade roughing, without dismantling impeller, the accurately measurement blade processing deformation directly on machining tool Amount, thus obtains machining deformation rule, then carries out Contrary compensation finishing, so as to eliminate heat treatment step, while also solves The problem of repositioning is repaired in off-line measurement of having determined dismounting.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement, comprises the following steps:
Step a, touch trigger probe is demarcated, obtains the effective radius R of the probe of touch trigger probe, R values are stored It is used for probe tip radius compensation in digital control system;
Step b, the three-dimensional DEM according to blade, m measurement station coordinate system of setting, and planning survey path, m >= 2;
Step c, process of measurement is produced according to described measuring route, process of measurement is installed in digital control system;
Step d, roughing is first carried out to blade, after blade roughing, the process tool on main shaft of numerical control machine tool unloaded Under, then touch trigger probe on main shaft of numerical control machine tool;
Step e, digital control system operating measurement program is controlled, driving touch trigger probe is transported according to path as defined in process of measurement It is dynamic, measuring point coordinate value is stored in digital control system;
Step f, blade measuring point coordinate value is transferred to computer;Computer carries out multistation data pair to measuring point coordinate value Together, the measuring point coordinate value after alignment is calculated compared with blade three-dimensional DEM, obtains blade processing deflection and change Shape rule;
Step g, according to blade processing deflection and deformation rule, blade finishing Contrary compensation surplus is calculated, is then pressed Blade finishing is carried out according to Contrary compensation surplus.
After adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has advantages below:
1st, " roughing-on-machine measurement-compensation finishing " compensation processing process is formed, on machining tool directly Blade is accurately measured, impeller is repositioned without dismantling, improves impeller clamped one time passing rate of processing and processing efficiency, solution Repositioning problem is repaired in off-line measurement of having determined dismounting;
2nd, by compensating processing to machining deformation, without heat treatment step, the impeller production time is shortened, is also saved Production cost;
3rd, Contrary compensation finishing is carried out according to machining deformation amount and deformation rule, is advantageous to improve blade processing precision, Meet blade surface profile tolerance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the hardware system for realizing on-machine measurement of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the arrangement schematic diagram of 25 measuring points in standard ball.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of step-length algorithm of subdivision.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of supercharger impeller blade.
Embodiment
Further explanation is made to the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the hardware system for realizing on-machine measurement of the present invention, including Digit Control Machine Tool 1, digital control system 2, touches Hairdo gauge head and computer 6.Touch trigger probe includes gauge head body 3, probe 4 and receiver 5.One end of gauge head body 3 with Probe 4 is connected, and the other end is arranged on main shaft of numerical control machine tool 11.When the blade to impeller 9 measures, gauge head body leads to Cross probe 4 and be in contact with the measuring point on blade and obtain measuring point coordinate value, and the measuring point coordinate value measured is passed through into wireless radio transmission To receiver 5;Receiver 5 is connected with digital control system 2, and sends the measuring point coordinate value received conversion to digital control system 2. Computer 6 is used to generate process of measurement, and drives survey by digital control system 2 to digital control system 2 by RS232 communications interface transmissions Head body 3 and probe 4 move.The measuring point coordinate data that computer 6 also transmits to digital control system 2 are analyzed and processed, and output is surveyed Measure result.
A kind of supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement according to an embodiment of the invention, its feature exist In comprising the following steps:
Step a, touch trigger probe is demarcated, obtains the effective radius R of the probe of touch trigger probe, R values are stored It is used for probe tip radius compensation in digital control system;
Step b, the three-dimensional DEM according to blade, m measurement station coordinate system of setting, and planning survey path, m >= 2;Above-mentioned measuring route includes point position, close distance, detection range, exits distance, safe distance and path trend;
Step c, process of measurement is produced according to described measuring route, described process of measurement is installed in digital control system;
Step d, roughing is first carried out to blade, after blade roughing, the process tool on main shaft of numerical control machine tool unloaded Under, then touch trigger probe on main shaft of numerical control machine tool;Wherein, the touch trigger probe measurement accuracy of selection is higher than blade chi Very little precision;
Step e, digital control system operating measurement program is controlled, driving touch trigger probe is transported according to path as defined in process of measurement It is dynamic, measuring point coordinate value is stored in digital control system;
Step f, blade measuring point coordinate value is transferred to computer;Computer carries out multistation data pair to measuring point coordinate value Together, the measuring point coordinate value after alignment is calculated compared with blade three-dimensional DEM, obtains blade processing deflection and change Shape rule;
Step g, according to blade processing deflection and deformation rule, blade finishing Contrary compensation surplus is calculated, is then pressed Blade finishing is carried out according to Contrary compensation surplus.
In above-mentioned steps a, touch trigger probe demarcation uses 25 standardizations of standard ball, to improve stated accuracy, above-mentioned mark Quasi- 25 standardizations of ball are specific as follows:
Step a-1, the probe of touch trigger probe 25 measuring points on crash standards ball successively, obtain the coordinate of 25 measuring points Value;
Step a-2, calculating is fitted to the coordinate value of 25 measuring points with least square method, obtained 25 probes The radius r of the least square fitting ball of the centre of sphere;
Step a-3, effective radius R, the R=r-D/2 of probe are calculated, wherein, D is the diameter of standard ball.
The set-up mode of 25 measuring points in standard ball is as shown in Figure 2.Any point on standard ball sphere is taken as top Point T, 4 the first measuring point N1 of spaced set on 22.5 ° of the first circular section C1 excircle below the T of summit, under the T of summit 8 the second measuring point N2 of spaced set on second circular section C2 of 45 ° of side excircle, 67.5 ° of the 3rd circle below the T of summit 4 the 3rd measuring point N3 of spaced set on section C3 excircle, every one the 3rd measuring point N3 are located at two adjacent the second measuring points On the perpendicular bisector of N2 line, the spaced set 8 on 90 ° of the 4th circular section C4 excircle below the T of summit Four measuring point N4,8 the 4th measuring point N4 are in on Radius with 8 the 3rd measuring point N3 respectively correspondingly.
In above-mentioned step b, the determination of blade point position takes a method using Surface Parameters, with reasonable layout measuring point position Put, accurately reflect blade processing deformation rule, above-mentioned Surface Parameters take a method specific as follows:
On blade nurbs surface, if U, V are parametric variable (U, V span are [0,1]), U since 0 with Fixed step size p is incremented by, and V is incremented by since 0 with fixed step size q, then it is whole to, V to parameter line, two parameter line can to respectively obtain U Intersection point is measuring point.
In above-mentioned steps e, probe leapfrog employs step-length algorithm of subdivision, to realize the accurate leapfrog function of probe.With reference to Shown in Fig. 3, above-mentioned step-length algorithm of subdivision is specific as follows:
1) it is first carried out reading machine tool system data command, reads current X-axis, Y-axis and the Z in current measuring coordinate system Shaft position coordinate value, calculate X-axis, Y-axis, Z axis distance difference Δ x, Δ y, Δ z and the mobile step number of current measuring point and target measuring point n;
2) according to mobile step number n, definition motion interval endpoint a=i/n and b=(i+1)/n, a are starting point, and b is terminal, meter Step delta x*a, Δ y*a and Δ z*a are calculated, performs step-length linear motion instruction;Continue executing with probe and touch decision instruction, will return Value assigns parameter d, and by parameter d value, to judge whether probe touches:Such as d=0, illustrate not touch, then certainly Increase i, return to perform and circulate next time;Such as d=1, illustrate to touch, then terminate circulation, perform next step;
3) the intermediate point c=(a+b)/2 of motion section (a, b) is calculated with dichotomy, subdivision motion section, is segmented Step delta x*c, Δ y*c and Δ z*c;Assign the step-length accuracy value being calculated to parameter e=b-a, judge whether to meet in advance The step-length precision S requirements of setting:Such as e<S, illustrate to meet required precision, then store current X-axis, Y-axis and Z axis position coordinate value In digital control system, algorithm terminates;Such as e >=S, illustrate to be unsatisfactory for required precision, then perform subdivision step-length linear motion instruction;
4) continue executing with probe and touch decision instruction, return value is assigned to parameter d, by parameter d value, to judge probe Whether touch:Such as d=0, illustrate that gauge head does not touch between (a, c), then perform b=c, return computation interval (a, C) intermediate point between, subdivision motion section and step-length are until meet step-length precision S requirements;Such as d=1, illustrate probe in section Touched between (c, b), then perform a=c, return to the intermediate point between computation interval (c, b), subdivision motion section and step-length Until meet step-length precision S requirements.
In above-mentioned step f, multistation alignment of data uses homogeneous coordinate transformation method, and m is measured under station coordinate system The alignment of blade measuring point coordinate value it is unified under the measuring coordinate system W of Digit Control Machine Tool, using above-mentioned homogeneous coordinate transformation method by m The step that any one measurement station coordinate system M in measurement station coordinate system is snapped under the measuring coordinate system W of Digit Control Machine Tool It is as follows:
Work coordinate system W is translated into [xw, yw, zw] T, then by right-hand rule around X-axis anglec of rotation α, around the Y-axis anglec of rotation β, measurement station coordinate system M obtained by anglec of rotation γ, remembers from work coordinate system W to the homogeneous of measurement station coordinate system M about the z axis Transformation matrix of coordinates is H, then
The measuring point coordinate (x under measurement station coordinate system Mk j, yk j, zk j) (k=1,2 ..., m) snap to station coordinate It is (x under W to bek′ j, yk′ j, zk′ j), then by
It can obtain:
Below by taking the supercharger impeller primary blades (surface profile tolerance is 0.1mm) shown in Fig. 4 as an example, it is more fully described The implementation steps of supercharger impeller blade machining process according to an embodiment of the invention based on on-machine measurement:
Step a, using the calibrated standard ball of a diameter of 25.4mm ± 0.001, to touch trigger probe, (probe tip is straight Footpath D=6mm) demarcated;Gauge head calibrating procedure is run, touch trigger probe probe 25 measuring points on crash standards ball successively, is intended The effective radius R that probe is calculated in conjunction is 2.9857mm, and R=2.9857mm is stored in digital control system 2 and is used for probe pin Head radius compensation;
Step b, according to primary blades cube theory CAD model, 2 measurement works are respectively provided with pressure face 9a and suction surface 9b Position coordinate system, ensure that probe neither interferes collision with primary blades 91, can also measure the Zone Full of whole primary blades;According to Parameter takes a method, and U is taken as 0.08, V to fixed step size p and is taken as 0.1 to fixed step size q, obtains primary blades pressure face and suction surface Upper each 152 point positions;Planning close to distance be 3mm, detection range 2mm, exit distance be 3mm, safe distance 2mm Access path trend between measuring point is V to two-way trend;
Step c, postpositive disposal is carried out to primary blades measuring route, obtains process of measurement, process of measurement is led to by RS232 Letter interface is transferred to digital control system;
Step d, roughing is carried out to primary blades, one side stays 0.3mm allowance;After primary blades roughing, knife will be processed Tool is unloaded, then touch trigger probe is arranged on main shaft of numerical control machine tool 11, and the touch trigger probe measurement accuracy of selection is higher than main lobe Chip size precision;
Step e, touch trigger probe is started, operating measurement program, driving touch trigger probe is according to survey as defined in process of measurement Measure path motion;Process of measurement calls the leapfrog macroprogram using the establishment of step-length algorithm of subdivision, and wherein step-length precision S is 0.005mm;The coordinate value for the measuring point that record probe 4 touches, measuring point coordinate value is stored in digital control system 2;
Step f, by primary blades measuring point coordinate value by RS232 communications interface transmissions to computer 6;Become using homogeneous coordinates Change method and multistation alignment of data is carried out to measuring point coordinate value, by the measuring point coordinate value after alignment and primary blades cube theory CAD moulds Type is compared calculating, and it is -0.05mm to obtain the average machining deformation amount of primary blades pressure face, and primary blades suction surface averagely processes change Shape amount is 0.088mm, and its deformation rule is machining deformation of the primary blades generation by pressure face towards suction surface;
Step g, according to above-mentioned blade processing deflection and deformation rule, primary blades pressure face finishing Contrary compensation is calculated Surplus is 0.05mm, and suction surface finishing Contrary compensation surplus is -0.088mm, then carries out blade according to Contrary compensation surplus Finishing.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step a, touch trigger probe is demarcated, the touch trigger probe includes gauge head body and probe, the gauge head body One end be connected with probe, the other end be arranged on main shaft of numerical control machine tool on;When being measured to supercharger impeller blade, survey Head body is in contact by probe with the measuring point on blade obtains measuring point coordinate value;
Step b, the three-dimensional DEM according to blade, m measurement station coordinate system, and planning survey path, m >=2 are set;
Step c, process of measurement is produced according to described measuring route, described process of measurement is installed in digital control system;
Step d, roughing is first carried out to blade, after blade roughing, the process tool on main shaft of numerical control machine tool unloaded, then Touch trigger probe is arranged on main shaft of numerical control machine tool;
Step e, digital control system operating measurement program is controlled, driving touch trigger probe moves according to path as defined in process of measurement, Measuring point coordinate value is stored in digital control system;
Step f, blade measuring point coordinate value is transferred to computer;Computer carries out multistation alignment of data to measuring point coordinate value, Measuring point coordinate value after alignment is calculated compared with blade three-dimensional DEM, blade processing deflection is obtained and deformation is advised Rule;
Step g, according to blade processing deflection and deformation rule, blade finishing Contrary compensation surplus is calculated, then according to anti- Blade finishing is carried out to compensation surplus.
A kind of 2. supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that In described step a, it is that trigger probe is demarcated using 25 standardizations of standard ball, specifically includes following steps:
Step a-1, the probe of touch trigger probe 25 measuring points on crash standards ball successively, obtain the coordinate value of 25 measuring points;
Step a-2, calculating is fitted to the coordinate value of 25 measuring points with least square method, obtained the centre of sphere of 25 probes Least square fitting ball radius r;
Step a-3, effective radius R, the R=r-D/2 of probe are calculated, wherein, D is the diameter of standard ball.
A kind of 3. supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that mark 25 measuring points on quasi- ball are set in such a way:
Taking any point on standard ball sphere, the excircle of 22.5 ° of the first circular section is first-class below summit as summit Spacing sets 4 the first measuring points, 8 the second measuring points of spaced set on the excircle of 45 ° of the second circular section below the summit, 4 the 3rd measuring points of spaced set, every one the 3rd measuring point are located at phase on the excircle of 67.5 ° of the 3rd circular section below the summit On the perpendicular bisector of the line of two adjacent the second measuring points, first-class of the excircle of 90 ° of the 4th circular section below summit Away from 8 the 4th measuring points are set, 8 the 4th measuring points are in on Radius with 8 the 3rd measuring points respectively correspondingly.
A kind of 4. supercharger impeller blade machining process based on on-machine measurement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute State the alignment of the location data in step f and employ homogeneous coordinate transformation method.
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CN105345414B (en) * 2015-12-08 2020-12-22 哈尔滨东安发动机(集团)有限公司 Machining method for inner runner of impeller cover for aero-engine
CN106514147B (en) * 2016-11-23 2018-09-14 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 A kind of type face precision machining method of high temperature alloy compressor blade
CN108098455B (en) * 2017-11-14 2019-08-02 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 A kind of workpiece centering method
CN107942948B (en) * 2017-12-21 2020-10-27 苏州谷夫道自动化科技有限公司 Method for graphically editing detection and processing programs of probe system
CN113917888B (en) * 2021-10-27 2023-05-23 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 Machining precision improving method based on fixed angular calibration and compensation
CN114247924B (en) * 2021-12-25 2023-09-22 无锡透平叶片有限公司 On-machine inspection method for blade molded line allowance
CN114227180A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-03-25 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 Method for improving machining precision of turbine blade

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Address after: 201108 Shanghai city Minhang District Huaning Road No. 3111

Patentee after: The 711 Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Corp.

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Patentee before: Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute