CN104614683A - System for monitoring power battery state - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of electric vehicle battery management systems, and in particular relates to a power battery state monitoring system, which includes an information processing unit, a voltage acquisition module for collecting power battery voltage, a current acquisition module for collecting power battery current, and a The temperature acquisition module of the power battery temperature and the display module for displaying the collected information, wherein the voltage acquisition module, the current acquisition module and the temperature acquisition module are all connected to the display module through the information processing unit, and the present invention can accurately and real-time acquire the temperature of the battery pack The total voltage, the total current, the voltage of each single battery, the temperature of each single battery and other state information, and then put these state information on the display module for display.

Description

Power Battery Status Monitoring System

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of electric vehicle battery management systems, and in particular relates to a power battery state monitoring system.

Background technique

During the use of power batteries, the battery pack may face a series of problems. For example, overcharge, overdischarge, and short circuit; due to the complexity of battery characteristics, manufacturers cannot guarantee that the performance of each single battery in the battery pack is consistent, and the performance differences between batteries will change over time without measures. The power battery will have a self-discharge effect, that is, there will still be a slow chemical reaction inside when it is not working, and this chemical reaction will inevitably be accompanied by energy consumption, and sometimes even cause battery damage. Irreversible damage; the remaining power of the power battery is a necessary condition for judging the driving range of an electric vehicle, which must be obtained through the status information of the battery. To solve the above problems, it is necessary to effectively manage the battery pack, and the premise of battery management is to be able to monitor the charging and discharging status of the battery accurately and in real time.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings in the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a power battery state monitoring system with strong practicability and high accuracy of information collection.

In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: including an information processing unit, a voltage acquisition module for collecting the voltage of the power battery, a current acquisition module for collecting the current of the power battery, and a temperature acquisition module for collecting the voltage of the power battery and a display module for displaying collected information;

Among them, the voltage acquisition module, the current acquisition module and the temperature acquisition module are all connected to the display module through the information processing unit;

The information processing unit also includes a reset circuit and a crystal oscillator circuit connected thereto;

The crystal oscillator frequency of the crystal oscillator circuit is 8MHZ.

Described information processing unit adopts ATMEGA16 chip, and described ATMEGA16 chip carries 8 road independent 10-bit AD converters, 3 timers with PWM;

The RESET pin of the ATMEGA16 chip is connected to the reset circuit, and the input and output pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 of the ATMEGA16 chip are connected to the crystal oscillator circuit.

The reset circuit includes a switch K1 with one end grounded, the other end of the switch K1 is connected to one end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is grounded, and one end of the capacitor C1 is also connected to the The RESET pin is connected, and the RESET pin is connected to the power supply VCC through the resistor R8;

The crystal oscillator circuit includes a crystal oscillator Y1 connected between XTAL1 and XTAL2, the crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to one end of trimming capacitors C2 and C3 connected in parallel, and the other ends of C2 and C3 are grounded.

The power battery includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack, the first battery pack includes power supplies BT1, BT2, BT3, and BT4 connected in series in sequence, and the second battery pack includes power supplies BT5, BT6, BT7 and BT8, among them, the negative pole of BT1 is grounded, and the negative pole of power supply BT5 is connected to the positive pole of power supply BT4;

The voltage acquisition module includes a switch matrix, a differential amplifier, a first latch and a second latch.

The switch matrix includes a switch S00, a switch S02 and a switch S04 respectively connected to the negative pole of BT1, the negative pole of BT3 and the positive pole of BT4, the switch S00, the switch S02 and the switch S04 are connected to one end of the switch S0B, and the other end of the switch S0B is connected to One end of the resistor R1 is connected, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier, and a resistor R4 connected to the output terminal of the differential amplifier is also provided between the resistor R1 and the inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier;

The switch S01 and the switch S03 connected to the negative pole of the power supply BT2 and the negative pole of the power supply BT4, the switch S01 and the switch S03 are connected to one end of the switch S0A, the other end of the switch S0A is connected to one end of the resistor R2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the differential amplifier. The non-inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier is connected to the sampling voltage through the resistor R3,

The switch S10, switch S12 and switch S14 connected to the negative pole of the power supply BT5, the negative pole of BT7 and the positive pole of BT8, the switch S10, the switch S12 and the switch S14 are connected to one end of the switch S1B, and the other end of the switch S1B is connected to one end of the resistor R1, The negative poles of the power supply BT6 and the power supply BT8 are respectively connected to one end of the switch S1A through the switch S11 and the switch S13, and the other end of the switch S1A is connected to one end of the resistor R2. The output terminal is connected to the ADC1 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip, and the output terminal of the differential amplifier is connected to the ADC0 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip;

Among them, the No. 2 pins of the switches S0A, S0B, S1A and S1B are respectively connected to the Q0~Q3 pins of the first latch, and the No. 2 pins of the switches S00, S01, S02, S03 and S04 are respectively connected to the second latch The Q0~Q4 pins of the switch, the No. 2 pins of the switches S10, S11, S12, S13 and S14 are also connected to the Q0~Q4 pins of the second latch; the D0 of the first latch and the second latch The ~D7 pins are respectively connected to the PC0~PC7 pins of the ATMEGA16 chip, the LE pin of the first latch is connected to the PA3 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip, the LE pin of the second latch is connected to the PA4 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip, and the pin of the second latch is connected to the PA4 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip. The /OE pins of one latch and the second latch are grounded.

The switches S0A, S0B, S1A, S1B, S00, S01, S02, S03, S04, S10, S11, S12, S13 and S14 all adopt optocoupler switches, and each optocoupler switch includes a light-emitting diode and a phototransistor; The anode of each light-emitting diode is connected to the power supply through the resistor R, and the cathode of each light-emitting diode is connected to the ATMEGA16 chip through a latch.

Among them, the collectors of the phototransistors in the switches S01, S03, S11 and S13 are respectively connected to the negative poles of the power supply BT2, the negative poles of the power supply BT4, the power supply BT6 and the negative poles of the power supply BT8, and the emitters of the phototransistors in the switches S01 and S03 are connected to the switch S0A One end of the switch S11 and the emitter of the phototransistor in S13 are connected to one end of the switch S1A;

Among them, the collectors of the phototransistors in the switches S00, S02, S04, S10, S12 and S14 are respectively connected to the negative pole of the power supply BT1, the negative pole of BT3, the positive pole of BT4, the negative pole of BT5, the negative pole of BT7 and the positive pole of BT8, the switch S00 The emitters of the phototransistors in , S02 and S04 are all connected to one end of the switch S0B, and the emitters of the phototransistors in the switches S10, S12 and S14 are all connected to one end of the switch S1B.

The current acquisition module includes a shunt, an instrumentation amplifier and a voltage follower;

The shunt is connected in series with the power battery, the two ends of the shunt are respectively connected to the non-inverting input pin 3 and the inverting input pin 2 of the instrumentation amplifier, and the power supply pins 4 and 7 of the instrumentation amplifier are respectively connected to +15V and -15V Stabilized direct current, the ground pin 5 of the instrumentation amplifier is grounded, the pin 1 and pin 8 of the instrumentation amplifier are connected through a resistor R11, the output pin 6 of the instrumentation amplifier is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage follower, and the negative phase of the voltage follower Both the phase input terminal and the output terminal of the voltage follower are connected to the ADC2 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip, and the positive phase input terminal of the voltage follower is grounded through the capacitor C4.

The shunt uses a shunt resistor RM with a specification of 10A/75mV.

Several groups of DS18B20 type digital temperature sensors connected in parallel to each other in the temperature acquisition module, 1 pin of each DS18B20 type digital temperature sensor are all grounded, and 2 pins of each DS18B20 type digital temperature sensor are connected to the PD7 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip, And the PD7 pin is connected to the power supply through the resistor R10, and the 3 pins of each DS18B20 digital temperature sensor are connected to the power supply.

The display module adopts 1602 character LCD, the 1 pin and 16 pin of the 1602 character LCD are grounded, the 2 pins and 15 pins are connected to the power supply, the 3 pins are grounded through the sliding resistor R14, and the 4-6 pins are connected to the PD4～ of the ATMEGA16 chip. The PD6 pins are connected correspondingly, and the 7-14 pins are connected to the D0-D7 pins of the ATMEGA16 chip;

DA, DU, and DT of the ATMEGA16 chip are respectively grounded through switches.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: in terms of voltage acquisition, the method of combining the switch matrix, differential operational amplifier and latch is adopted; in the aspect of current acquisition, shunts and high-precision instruments are used The method of combining the amplifier AD620, the collected signal passes through a voltage follower, and then sends a stable voltage signal to the single chip microcomputer for AD conversion; in the aspect of temperature acquisition, the digital temperature sensor DS18B20 is selected; in the aspect of information display, the whole system is integrated According to the display requirements, the 1602 liquid crystal with simple operation and low price is selected. The invention can accurately and real-time collect the state information such as the total voltage and the total current of the battery pack, the voltage of each single cell, the temperature of each single cell, etc., and then display the state information on the display module.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is the pin diagram of the ATMEGA16 chip;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a reset circuit;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the crystal oscillator circuit;

4 is a schematic diagram of a voltage acquisition circuit of a battery pack;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage acquisition circuit latch;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an optocoupler switch;

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the current acquisition circuit;

Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the temperature acquisition circuit;

Fig. 9 is the interface circuit of 1602 liquid crystal and single-chip microcomputer;

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection between three independent buttons and the single-chip microcomputer;

Fig. 11 is a structural principle diagram of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

Referring to Figures 1 to 11, the present invention includes an information processing unit, a voltage acquisition module for acquiring power battery voltage, a current acquisition module for acquiring power battery current, a temperature acquisition module for acquiring power battery voltage, and a display A display module for collecting information; wherein, the voltage collection module, the current collection module and the temperature collection module are all connected to the display module through the information processing unit.

Information processing unit of the present invention adopts ATMEGA16 chip, and described ATMEGA16 chip carries 8 road independent 10 AD converters, 3 timers with PWM; The crystal oscillator circuit connected to the input and output pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 of the chip; the crystal oscillator frequency of the crystal oscillator circuit is 8MHZ.

The reset circuit includes a switch K1 with one end grounded, the other end of the switch K1 is connected to one end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is grounded, and one end of the capacitor C1 is also connected to the RESET pin connected, the RESET pin is connected to the power supply VCC through the resistor R8;

The crystal oscillator circuit includes a crystal oscillator Y1 connected between XTAL1 and XTAL2, the crystal oscillator Y1 is connected to one end of trimming capacitors C2 and C3 connected in parallel, and the other ends of C2 and C3 are grounded.

The power battery includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack, the first battery pack includes power supplies BT1, BT2, BT3, and BT4 connected in series in sequence, and the second battery pack includes power supplies BT5, BT6, BT7 connected in series in sequence And BT8, where the negative pole of BT1 is grounded, and the negative pole of power supply BT5 is connected to the positive pole of power supply BT4;

The voltage acquisition module includes a switch matrix, a differential amplifier, a first latch and a second latch.

The switch matrix includes a switch S00, a switch S02 and a switch S04 respectively connected to the negative pole of BT1, the negative pole of BT3 and the positive pole of BT4. One end is connected, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier, and a resistor R4 connected to the output terminal of the differential amplifier is also provided between the resistor R1 and the inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier;

The switch S01 and the switch S03 connected to the negative pole of the power supply BT2 and the negative pole of the power supply BT4, the switch S01 and the switch S03 are connected to one end of the switch S0A, the other end of the switch S0A is connected to one end of the resistor R2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the differential amplifier. The non-inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier is connected to the sampling voltage V _ref through the resistor R3,

The switch S10, switch S12 and switch S14 connected to the negative pole of the power supply BT5, the negative pole of BT7 and the positive pole of BT8, the switch S10, the switch S12 and the switch S14 are connected to one end of the switch S1B, and the other end of the switch S1B is connected to one end of the resistor R1, The negative poles of the power supply BT6 and the power supply BT8 are respectively connected to one end of the switch S1A through the switch S11 and the switch S13, and the other end of the switch S1A is connected to one end of the resistor R2. The output terminal is connected to the ADC1 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip, and the output terminal of the differential amplifier is connected to the ADC0 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip;

Among them, the No. 2 pins of the switches S0A, S0B, S1A and S1B are respectively connected to the Q0~Q3 pins of the first latch, and the No. 2 pins of the switches S00, S01, S02, S03 and S04 are respectively connected to the second latch The Q0~Q4 pins of the switch, the No. 2 pins of the switches S10, S11, S12, S13 and S14 are also connected to the Q0~Q4 pins of the second latch; the D0 of the first latch and the second latch The ~D7 pins are respectively connected to the PC0~PC7 pins of the ATMEGA16 chip, the LE pin of the first latch is connected to the PA3 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip, the LE pin of the second latch is connected to the PA4 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip, and the pin of the second latch is connected to the PA4 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip. The /OE pins of one latch and the second latch are grounded.

Switches S0A, S0B, S1A, S1B, S00, S01, S02, S03, S04, S10, S11, S12, S13 and S14 all use optocoupler switches, and each optocoupler switch includes a light-emitting diode and a phototransistor; The anode of each light-emitting diode is connected to the power supply through the resistor R, and the cathode of each light-emitting diode is connected to the ATMEGA16 chip through a latch.

Among them, the collectors of the phototransistors in the switches S01, S03, S11 and S13 are respectively connected to the negative poles of the power supply BT2, the negative poles of the power supply BT4, the power supply BT6 and the negative poles of the power supply BT8, and the emitters of the phototransistors in the switches S01 and S03 are connected to the switch S0A One end of the switch S11 and the emitter of the phototransistor in S13 are connected to one end of the switch S1A;

Among them, the collectors of the phototransistors in the switches S00, S02, S04, S10, S12 and S14 are respectively connected to the negative pole of the power supply BT1, the negative pole of BT3, the positive pole of BT4, the negative pole of BT5, the negative pole of BT7 and the positive pole of BT8, the switch S00 The emitters of the phototransistors in , S02 and S04 are all connected to one end of the switch S0B, and the emitters of the phototransistors in the switches S10, S12 and S14 are all connected to one end of the switch S1B.

The current acquisition module includes a shunt, an instrumentation amplifier, and a voltage follower;

The shunt is connected in series with the power battery, the two ends of the shunt are respectively connected to the non-inverting input pin 3 and the inverting input pin 2 of the instrumentation amplifier, and the power supply pins 4 and 7 of the instrumentation amplifier are respectively connected to +15V and -15V Stabilized direct current, the ground pin 5 of the instrumentation amplifier is grounded, the pin 1 and pin 8 of the instrumentation amplifier are connected through a resistor R11, the output pin 6 of the instrumentation amplifier is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage follower, and the negative phase of the voltage follower Both the phase input terminal and the output terminal of the voltage follower are connected to the ADC2 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip, and the positive phase input terminal of the voltage follower is grounded through the capacitor C4.

The shunt uses a shunt resistor RM with a specification of 10A/75mV.

Several groups of DS18B20 digital temperature sensors connected in parallel with each other in the temperature acquisition module, the 1 pin of each DS18B20 digital temperature sensor is grounded, the 2 pins of each DS18B20 digital temperature sensor are connected with the PD7 pin of the ATMEGA16 chip, and the PD7 pin The pin is connected to the power supply through the resistor R10, and the 3 pins of each DS18B20 digital temperature sensor are powered.

The display module adopts 1602 character LCD, the 1602 character LCD pins 1 and 16 are grounded, pins 2 and 15 are connected to the power supply, pin 3 is grounded through the sliding resistor R14, pins 4 to 6 are connected to the PD4 to PD6 pins of the ATMEGA16 chip Correspondingly connected, 7~14 pins are connected to D0~D7 pins of ATMEGA16 chip;

DA, DU, and DT of the ATMEGA16 chip are respectively grounded through switches.

In terms of single battery voltage acquisition, compared with the traditional measurement method (precise resistance voltage divider method), it not only eliminates the cumulative error, improves the measurement accuracy, but also overcomes the influence of common mode signals, greatly saving the I/O of the single chip microcomputer Resources; In terms of current acquisition, the sampling accuracy is high, and the installation and debugging are convenient. Compared with the method of using current sensors, it is less affected by external conditions, and effectively avoids problems such as temperature drift of current sensors; in terms of temperature acquisition, the selection of The digital temperature sensor DS18B20 has a wide range of temperature measurement and a short signal response time. It directly provides digital temperature signals to the microcontroller without AD conversion and has strong adaptability. One bus can operate multiple DS18B20, which greatly saves the I/O of the microcontroller. resource.

Voltage acquisition module:

As shown in Figure 4, first divide the entire battery group into two groups, BT1~BT4 is the 0th group, BT5~BT8 is the 1st group, control the single-chip microcomputer, when S0A and SOB are closed, select the 0th group, and then control the single-chip microcomputer to make S00 Closed with S01, the voltage sampling of the first cell can be performed. At this time, both ends of BT1 are just connected to the positive and negative ends of the differential amplifier, and after being amplified by the differential amplifier, they can be sent to ADC0 for AD conversion.

In the whole sampling process, it is necessary to control both the group selection and the excerpt. In order to save I/O resources, the group selection and excerpt are all controlled by the PC port. Only two latches 74HC573 need to be added, as shown in Figure 4 , when PA3 is at high level, select 74HC573 in the group, you can control the voltage sampling of any group of single cells, then pull down PA3, set PA4 to high, select 74HC573, you can sequentially test the voltage of each cell in the group Body battery for voltage sampling. Therefore, the 8 I/O ports of the PC port can control up to 4 groups of 7 cells in each group, and the cell voltage sampling of the battery pack formed by a total of 28 cells connected in series (in this case, 8 cells The single battery is divided into 2 groups, and each group is 4 as an example).

According to the characteristics of virtual short and virtual break of the operational amplifier, it can be calculated as follows:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; V</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ADC</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; V</span>}}_{<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; V</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ref</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; V</span>}}_{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>}$

Among them, R ₁ ＝R ₂ ＝10kΩ, R ₃ ＝R ₄ ＝5kΩ, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , and R ₄ are precision resistors, so the above formula can be transformed into: $V_{\mathrm{ADC}0}=\frac{V_{+}-V_{-}}{2}+V_{\mathrm{ref}}$

It can be seen from the voltage acquisition circuit (Figure 3) that V ₊ -V _- can be positive or negative, and the voltage range of AD conversion of the single chip microcomputer is 0~5V, so V _ref can be adjusted appropriately so that V _ADC0 is in the range of 0~5V.

Then the voltage of the i-th single cell: U _BTi =2|V _ADC0 -V _ref |

again Among them, R ₅ and R ₆ are precision resistors, and the values of R ₅ and R ₆ are determined according to the total voltage of the battery pack, so that V _ADC1 is in the range of 0 to 5V.

Then the total voltage of the battery pack:

Because in the process of collecting the voltage of each single battery, the switches in the switch matrix need to be closed or disconnected back and forth, and it is difficult for ordinary relays to continuously complete such a cycle process, so the present invention selects an optocoupler switch, as shown in Figure 6 It has the advantages of small on-resistance and fast turn-on speed, which well meets the requirements of the system.

Current acquisition module:

Fig. 7 is a current acquisition circuit. The present invention adopts a shunt with a specification of 10A/75mV, combines the instrumentation amplifier AD620 with a voltage follower, and converts the current signal into a stable voltage signal and sends it to the ADC2 port of the microcontroller for AD conversion. The AD620 requires an external resistor to set the gain, and the resistance of the external resistor Since the voltage is amplified from 75mV to 5V, the gain is: And R _B = 49.4kΩ, which is a fixed resistance, then the external resistance is:

Measured current: where R _m is the shunt resistance, depending on the selected specification, $R_m=\frac{75\&times;{10}^{-3}}{10}=0.0075\mathrm{\&Omega;}$

Temperature acquisition module:

The temperature acquisition circuit is shown in Figure 8. DS18B20 sends or receives information through a single-wire interface, so only one connection line is needed between the microcontroller and DS18B20. Each DS18B20 has a unique 64-bit serial number, which allows multiple DS18B20s to be connected to a single-wire bus at the same time. By searching the ROM command, the serial numbers of all DS18B20s can be read into the microcontroller, and then one by one according to these serial numbers Matching, the successfully matched DS18B20 can respond to the commands on the bus, and the temperature information on each single battery can be collected by operating each DS18B20 in turn.

LCD module:

The interface circuit between the 1602 LCD and the single-chip microcomputer is shown in Figure 9, and the three button switches in Figure 10 are used to control the displayed content. Before pressing the key, the microcontroller DA, DU, DT are all set to high level. Press the first key, the DA port of the single-chip microcomputer is pulled down, and the display content of the 1602 LCD is the maximum and minimum values of the total voltage, total current, and single battery temperature; press the second key, the DU port of the single-chip microcomputer is pulled down, The display content of the 1602 liquid crystal is the voltage of each single battery; press the third key, the DT port of the single-chip microcomputer is pulled down, and the display content of the 1602 liquid crystal is the temperature of each single battery.

Claims (10)

1. electrokinetic cell condition monitoring system, is characterized in that: comprise information process unit, for gather electrokinetic cell voltage voltage acquisition module, for gather electrokinetic cell electric current current acquisition module, for gathering the temperature collect module of temperature of powered cell and the display module for showing Information Monitoring;

Wherein, voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module and temperature collect module are all connected with display module by information process unit;

Described information process unit also comprises coupled reset circuit and crystal oscillating circuit;

The crystal oscillator frequency of described crystal oscillating circuit is 8MHZ.

2. electrokinetic cell condition monitoring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described information process unit adopts ATMEGA16 chip, and described ATMEGA16 chip carries 8 tunnels independently 10 bit A/D converters, the timer of 3 band PWM;

The RESET pin of described ATMEGA16 chip is connected with reset circuit, and input and output pin XTAL1, XTAL2 of ATMEGA16 chip are connected with crystal oscillating circuit.

3. electrokinetic cell condition monitoring system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described reset circuit comprises the K switch 1 of one end ground connection, the other end of K switch 1 is connected with one end of resistance R7, the other end of resistance R7 is connected with one end of electric capacity C1, the other end ground connection of electric capacity C1, and one end of electric capacity C1 is also connected with RESET pin, RESET pin is connected with power supply VCC by resistance R8;

Described crystal oscillating circuit comprises the crystal oscillator Y1 be connected across between XTAL1, XTAL2, and this crystal oscillator Y1 is connected with trimming capacitor C 2 parallel with one another, C3 one end, the equal ground connection of the other end of C2, C3.

4. electrokinetic cell condition monitoring system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described electrokinetic cell comprises the first electric battery and the second electric battery, the first described electric battery comprises power supply BT1, BT2, BT3, BT4 of connecting successively, the second described electric battery comprises power supply BT5, BT6, BT7 and BT8 of connecting successively, wherein, the minus earth of BT1, the negative pole of power supply BT5 connects the positive pole of power supply BT4;

Described voltage acquisition module comprises switch matrix, differential amplifier, the first latch and the second latch.

5. electrokinetic cell condition monitoring system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described switch matrix comprises the switch S 00, switch S 02 and the switch S 04 that are connected respectively with the positive pole of the negative pole of BT1, the negative pole of BT3 and BT4, switch S 00, switch S 02 and switch S 04 connect one end of switch S 0B, the other end of switch S 0B is connected with one end of resistance R1, the inverting input of another termination differential amplifier of resistance R1, is also provided with the resistance R4 be connected with differential amplifier output terminal between resistance R1 and the inverting input of differential amplifier;

The switch S 01 be connected with the negative pole of power supply BT2, the negative pole of power supply BT4 and switch S 03, switch S 01 and switch S 03 connect one end of switch S 0A, the other end of switch S 0A is connected with one end of resistance R2, the normal phase input end of another termination differential amplifier of resistance R2, the normal phase input end of differential amplifier is by resistance R3 and sampled voltage V _refbe connected,

With the negative pole of power supply BT5, the negative pole of BT7 and the switch S 10 that connects of the positive pole of BT8, switch S 12 and switch S 14, switch S 10, switch S 12 and switch S 14 connect one end of switch S 1B, one end of the other end connecting resistance R1 of switch S 1B, the negative pole of power supply BT6 and power supply BT8 connects one end of switch S 1A respectively by switch S 11 and switch S 13, one end of the other end connecting resistance R2 of switch S 1A, the positive pole of described power supply BT8 is successively by resistance R5 and resistance R6 ground connection, the ADC1 pin of the output termination ATMEGA16 chip of resistance R5, the ADC0 pin of the output termination ATMEGA16 chip of differential amplifier,

Wherein, No. 2 pins of switch S 0A, S0B, S1A and S1B connect Q0 ~ Q3 pin of the first latch respectively, No. 2 pins of switch S 00, S01, S02, S03 and S04 connect Q0 ~ Q4 pin of the second latch respectively, and No. 2 pins of switch S 10, S11, S12, S13 and S14 also connect Q0 ~ Q4 pin of the second latch; D0 ~ D7 pin of the first latch and the second latch connects PC0 ~ PC7 pin of ATMEGA16 chip respectively, the LE pin of the first latch connects the PA3 pin of ATMEGA16 chip, the LE pin of the second latch connects the PA4 pin of ATMEGA16 chip, the first latch and the second latch /the equal ground connection of OE pin.

6. electrokinetic cell condition monitoring system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described switch S 0A, S0B, S1A, S1B, S00, S01, S02, S03, S04, S10, S11, S12, S13 and S14 all adopt optical coupled switch, each optical coupled switch includes light emitting diode and phototriode; The anode of described each light emitting diode connects power supply by resistance R, and the negative electrode of each light emitting diode is connected with ATMEGA16 chip by latch,

Wherein, in switch S 01, S03, S11 and S13, the collector of phototriode connects negative pole, the negative pole of power supply BT4, the negative pole of power supply BT6 and power supply BT8 of power supply BT2 respectively, in switch S 01 and S03, the emitter of phototriode is all connected with one end of switch S 0A, and in switch S 11 and S13, the emitter of phototriode is all connected with one end of switch S 1A;

Wherein, in switch S 00, S02, S04, S10, S12 and S14 the collector of phototriode connect respectively the negative pole of power supply BT1, the negative pole of BT3, the positive pole of BT4, the negative pole of BT5, the negative pole of BT7 and the positive pole of BT8, in switch S 00, S02, S04, the emitter of phototriode is all connected with one end of switch S 0B, and in switch S 10, S12 and S14, the emitter of phototriode is all connected with one end of switch S 1B.

7. electrokinetic cell condition monitoring system according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described current acquisition module comprises shunt, instrument amplifier and voltage follower;

Described shunt is connected with electrokinetic cell, the two ends of shunt connect non-inverting input pin 3 and the anti-phase input pin two of instrument amplifier respectively, the power pin 4 and 7 connection+15V respectively of instrument amplifier,-15V direct current of voltage regulation, instrument amplifier ground pin 5 ground connection, the pin one of instrument amplifier is connected by resistance R11 with pin 8, the output pin 6 of instrument amplifier is connected with the normal phase input end of voltage follower, the inverting input of voltage follower and the output terminal of voltage follower are all connected with the ADC2 pin of ATMEGA16 chip, and the normal phase input end of voltage follower is by electric capacity C4 ground connection.

8. electrokinetic cell condition monitoring system according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described shunt employing specification is the shunt resistance RM of 10A/75mV.

9. electrokinetic cell condition monitoring system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the DS18B20 type digital temperature sensor that described temperature collect module some groups is parallel with one another, the equal ground connection of 1 pin of each DS18B20 type digital temperature sensor, 2 pin of each DS18B20 type digital temperature sensor are all connected with the PD7 pin of ATMEGA16 chip, and PD7 pin is connected with power supply by resistance R10, the equal power supply of 3 pin of each DS18B20 type digital temperature sensor.

10. electrokinetic cell condition monitoring system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described display module adopts 1602 LCD for Character Type, 1 pin of this 1602 LCD for Character Type and 16 pin ground connection, 2 pin and 15 pin connect power supply, 3 pin are by swept resistance R14 ground connection, 4 ~ 6 pin are corresponding with PD4 ~ PD6 pin of ATMEGA16 chip to be connected, and 7 ~ 14 pin connect D0 ~ D7 pin of ATMEGA16 chip;

DA, DU, DT of described ATMEGA16 chip are respectively by switch ground connection.