CN104607316B - 一种湿式电除尘器 - Google Patents
一种湿式电除尘器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104607316B CN104607316B CN201510023421.0A CN201510023421A CN104607316B CN 104607316 B CN104607316 B CN 104607316B CN 201510023421 A CN201510023421 A CN 201510023421A CN 104607316 B CN104607316 B CN 104607316B
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- electric
- wet electrical
- dust precipitator
- electrical dust
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium sulfate Chemical compound 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[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Chemical compound 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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
本发明涉及一种湿式电除尘器，包括气体进口扩散段，两个串连的第一电场和第二电场，循环水系统，出口气流分布板，气体出口收缩段和壳体，机械除雾器，水过滤系统，所述的机械除雾器设置在气体进口扩散段和第一电场之间，所述的机械除雾器两侧设置有除雾器冲洗装置，所述的两个串连的第一电场和第二电场上方设置电场冲洗装，所述的机械除雾器是由一系列的人字形单元平行排列而成。该湿式电除尘器能缓解含钙的物质在极板上结圬的问题，且在气体进口扩散段内不设置传统的气流分布板，降低湿式电除尘器的阻力，从而使得湿式电除尘器可以长期保持高效率运行。
Description
一种湿式电除尘器
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于环境保护领域，涉及一种用于治理气体污染的湿式电除尘器，特别是 用于湿法脱硫后的湿式电除尘器，其主要作用是收集烟气中的固体粉尘和液滴污染物。
背景技术
[0002] 在过去的几十年里，随着各国对工业生产的环保要求越来越高，对高效除尘设备 的需求也越来越多。在这种形势下，作为一种高效除尘设备的电除尘器，在大量被使用的同 时，也要求在技术上不断地改进，以满足越来越高的除尘需求。比如我国的广东、浙江等地 区，从2014年起要求发电厂的粉尘排放实现低于5mg/Nm3的超低排放标准。粉尘的超低排放 标准，要求在湿法脱硫装置后安装湿式电除尘器，以进一步去除脱硫净烟气中残留的粉尘 和被气流夹带出的脱硫浆液。
[0003] 而现有的湿式除尘器，运行中常有脱硫的浆液被烟气流带入电场，这些浆液呈液 滴状，其成份主要是硫酸钙和碳酸钙。这些液滴大小不一，其中的较大的液滴容易在电场内 的极板上形成固体斑块，靠电场内普通的喷头难以去除。由于钙质成分的比电阻很高，所 以，一旦这种含钙的物质在极板上形成斑块比较明显时，湿式电除尘器的运行就会发生反 电晕问题，反电晕将显著降低湿式除尘器的除尘效率，还能引起电场运行的不稳定问题。国 内有运行不到1个月的湿式电除尘器，由于除尘效率下降和电场运行的不稳定迫使设备停 运检修，检修时发现其原因就是极板上发生了含钙物质的严重沉积。
发明内容
[0004]为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种湿式电除尘器，能缓解含钙的物质在极板上结 圬的问题，且在气体进口扩散段内不设置传统的气流分布板，降低湿式电除尘器的阻力，从 而使得湿式电除尘器可以长期保持高效率运行。
[0005]为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
[0006] —种湿式电除尘器，包括气体进口扩散段，两个串连的第一电场和第二电场，循环 水系统，出口气流分布板，气体出口收缩段和壳体，还包括机械除雾器，水过滤系统，所述的 循环水系统包括循环水收集斗和与其相连的所述的冲洗水箱，所述的机械除雾器设置在气 体进口扩散段和第一电场之间，所述的机械除雾器两侧设置有除雾器冲洗装置，所述的除 雾器冲洗装置对机械除雾器进行冲洗，冲洗后的污水进入污水收集斗，所述的两个串连的 第一电场和第二电场上方设置电场冲洗装置，所述的电场冲洗装置对第一电场和第二电场 进行冲洗，冲洗后的水进入循环水系统中的循环水收集斗，所述的水过滤系统包括冲洗水 箱，所述的冲洗水箱包括水箱污水排出口和水箱循环水排出口，所述的冲洗水箱中设置沙 滤层和液位计。
[0007]本发明中的冲洗水箱中设置沙滤层是为了更进一步防止极板结圬，污水经过过滤 后，多数悬浮颗粒物被过滤层截留，相对洁净的水再进喷入电场内。在冲洗水箱上设备液位 计，当石英砂过滤层内杂质增多到过滤流量减少时，水箱液位会明显增加，这时对沙滤层进 行搅拌，打开水箱污水排出口，排出污水。所述的沙滤层由粒度为1mm的石英砂组成。
[0008] 本发明的湿式电除尘器，其中气体进口扩散段、壳体和气体出口收缩段组成了烟 气流动的通道。通过气体进口扩散段后，烟气的流通截面增大，使烟气在壳体内的流速降低 至3m/s以下。烟气在进入第一电场之前，先流经机械除雾器，烟气中较大的液滴在机械除雾 器的阻挡下，被收集下来。位于机械除雾器两侧的除雾器冲洗装置定期对机械除雾器进行 冲洗，冲洗后的污水由污水收集斗汇集后，排出湿式电除尘器。由于机械除雾器对烟气具有 均布作用，所以，本技术方案的湿式电除尘器在气体进口扩散段内不设置传统的气流分布 板。
[0009]本发明的湿式电除尘器中的机械除雾器是由一系列的人字形单元平行排列而成， 所述的人字形单元的厚度T>3mm，单元与单元之间的排列间距S为T<S<2T，单元的高度H>T+ S，单元的宽度B = 2H。单元的厚度T>3mm，以保证单元本身的强度，而单元与单元之间的排列 间距S为T<S<2T，间距S过大和过小，都不利于浆液的捕集，单元之间的间距过小会造成气体 的流速变大，烟气中的浆液仍然会被气体夹带走，而收集不到降雾器上；间距过大会造成单 元数目的减小，与液滴起碰撞作用的表面积减小，同样也会降低除雾的效果;单元的高度H> T+S，以使烟气在除雾器中的流道对烟气中的液滴有基本的碰撞作用;单元的宽度B = 2H，使 通道有一定的斜度，在保证碰撞效果的同时，控制对烟气的阻力。
[0010] 本发明的湿式电除尘器中的机械除雾器的材料为塑料，如聚丙烯塑料，这些材料 可以确保除雾器在湿式电除尘器内工作时不被腐蚀。
[0011]本发明的湿式电除尘器中第一电场由脉冲电源供电，第二电场由传统的高频电源 供电。烟气经机械除雾器去除多数颗粒较大的浆液雾滴后，进入第一电场，第一电场由脉冲 电源供电，目的是让粉尘颗粒带上更多的电荷，烟气中的粉尘颗粒在荷电后进入第二电场， 第二电场由传统的高频电源供电，主要任务是收集荷电后的粉尘颗粒。脉冲电源所提供的 脉冲电压的脉冲宽度100ns-400ns，重复频率20-lOOHz，脉冲电压的波形的谷值高于电场的 起晕电压。在这种规格的脉冲电压作用下，细粉尘的饱和荷电量显著提高，当它们进行第二 电场时，受到的电场力将更大，将更有效地被收集到第二电场的收尘极板上。
[0012]本发明的湿式电除尘器中所述的除雾器冲洗装置中设置有喷头，所述的喷头为实 心锥型喷嘴，喷出的水滴的直径1mm左右。
[0013] 本发明的湿式电除尘器的有益效果在于：
[MM] (1)在烟气进入电场后，在流速降低的情况下，设置一层机械除雾器，对烟气中夹 带的含钙的雾滴进行去除。电场内的烟气流速比在脱硫塔内更低，除雾效果会更好。去除了 烟气中粒径大的含钙液滴，后续电场内的极板上就不会出现班块。并且，烟气中的雾滴少 了，含钙的物质就少了，而含钙物质是主要的结垢成份，所以减小了后续电场内极板的结垢 倾向。减少了斑块和结垢倾向后，湿式电除尘器可以长期保持高效率运行。同时在气体进口 扩散段内不设置传统的气流分布板，可以降低湿式电除尘器的阻力。
[0015] (2)对除雾器的冲洗水直接排出，不进入循环水系统，减小了后续电场的结垢倾 向。
[0016] (3)喷头使用实心锥形喷嘴，喷出的水滴的直径1mm左右，防止细的水雾形成连续 的导电通路而使后续电场短路和电晕封闭。
[0017] (4)在第一电场使用宽度为纳秒级的脉冲电源供电，增加了电场内粉尘的饱和荷 ，M，I^土率史高。取近的研究表明，纳秒级的脉冲电源供电，可以使粒径丨微米的粉尘的 饱和荷电量提高40倍左右。新型电源的应用，可以进一步提高湿式电除尘器的除尘效率。 [、0018] (5)循环水箱设置沙滤层，分离了循环水中的悬浮物，使循环水更清洁，减少了喷 头结垢和堵塞的可能，使湿式电除尘器运行更稳定。
附图说明
[0019]图1是本发明的湿式电除尘器的结构示意图；
[0020]其中，1.气体进口扩散段;2 •除雾器冲洗装置;3.机械除雾器;4.冲洗水收集斗;5. 水箱污水排出口； 6 •水箱循环水排出口； 7 •沙滤层;8 •冲洗水箱;9 •循环水收集斗；1〇 .气体 出口收缩段;11 •出口气流分布板;12•电场冲洗装置;13•第二电场;14•第一电场;15.壳体； [0021]图2是本发明的湿式电除尘器中除雾器的人字形单元结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0022]下面结合说明书附图与实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
[0023]实施例1
[0024t 一种湿式电除尘器，包括气体进口扩散段1，机械除雾器3,两个串连的第一电场14 和第二电场13,出口气流分布板U，气体出口收缩段10和壳体15,还包括，所述的机械除雾 器3设置在气体进口扩散段丨和第一电场13之间，所述的机械除雾器3两侧设置有除雾器冲 洗装置2,所述的除雾器冲洗装置2对机械除雾器3进行冲洗，冲洗后的污水进入污水收集斗 4,所述的两个串连的第一电场14和第二电场13上方设置电场冲洗装置12，所述的电场冲洗 装置12对第一电场14和第二电场13进行冲洗，冲洗后的水进入循环水收集斗9,循环水收集 斗9连接冲洗水箱8，所述的冲洗水箱s包括水箱污水排出口 5和水箱循环水排出口 6，冲洗水 箱中设置沙滤层7和液位计。
[0025]烟气进入电场后的流速为2. Sm/s，除雾器两侧的喷头每小时对除雾器进行一次冲 洗，冲洗时间1分钟。喷头使用实心锥形喷嘴，喷出的水滴的直径1mm左右。冲洗流量为每平 米 160kg/min 左右。
[0026]除雾器中的人字形单元，其单元的厚度T = 5麵，单元之间的间距s = 8mm，单元的高 度H= 30mm，单元的宽度B = 60mm。
[0027]第一电场14的起晕电压为25kV，脉冲电源向第一电场14输出的脉冲电压的波形谷 值为30kV，脉冲峰值电压为6〇kV，脉冲宽度200ns，重复频率50Hz。
[0028]冲洗水箱的容积为3 0m3，水箱的总高度为5m，沙滤层的高度为5 0 0mm。当沙滤层清 洁时的水位保持为3m，过滤到一定时间后，沙滤层中的悬浮物质增加，过滤速度降低，水位 开始上涨，当水位上升到4m高度时，关闭水箱循环水排出口 6，对水箱内的沙滤层进行搅拌， 此时打开水箱污水排出口 5,排出污水，当污水排尽后，又开始正常运行。
[0029]以上实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行 限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案 作出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种湿式电除尘器，包括气体进口扩散段，两个串连的第一电场和第二电场，循环水 系统，出口气流分布板，气体出口收缩段和壳体，其特征在于还包括机械除雾器，水过滤系 统，所述的循环水系统包括循环水收集斗和与循环水收集斗相连的冲洗水箱，所述的机械 除雾器设置在气体进口扩散段和第一电场之间，所述的机械除雾器两侧设置有除雾器冲洗 装置，所述的除雾器冲洗装置对机械除雾器进行冲洗，冲洗后的污水进入污水收集斗，所述 的两个串连的第一电场和第二电场上方设置电场冲洗装置，所述的电场冲洗装置对第一电 场和第二电场进行冲洗，冲洗后的水进入循环水系统中的循环水收集斗，所述的水过滤系 统包括所述的循环水系统中的冲洗水箱，所述的冲洗水箱包括水箱污水排出口和水箱循环 水排出口，所述的冲洗水箱中设置沙滤层，所述的除雾器是由一系列的人字形单元平行排 列而成，所述的人字形单元的厚度T>3mm，单元与单元之间的排列间距s为T<S<2T，单元的高 度H>T+S，单元的宽度B =加，所述的第一电场由脉冲电源供电，第二电场由传统的高频电源 供电；所述的脉冲电源所提供的脉冲电压的脉冲宽度l〇〇ns-400nS，重复频率2〇-l〇〇Hz，脉 冲电压的波形的谷值高于电场的起晕电压。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的湿式电除尘器，其特征在于除雾器的材料为塑料。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的湿式电除尘器，其特征在于除雾器的材料为聚丙烯塑料。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的湿式电除尘器，其特征在于所述的冲洗水箱中设置液位计。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的湿式电除尘器，其特征在于所述的除雾器冲洗装置中设置有 喷头，所述的喷头为实心锥型喷嘴，喷出的水滴的直径lram左右。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的湿式电除尘器，其特征在于所述的沙滤层由粒度为1mm的石英 砂组成。
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