CN104584878A - Cultivation method for auricularia auricula - Google Patents
Cultivation method for auricularia auricula Download PDFInfo
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- CN104584878A CN104584878A CN201510085900.5A CN201510085900A CN104584878A CN 104584878 A CN104584878 A CN 104584878A CN 201510085900 A CN201510085900 A CN 201510085900A CN 104584878 A CN104584878 A CN 104584878A
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- 235000000023 Auricularia auricula Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 241001149430 Auricularia auricula-judae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 206010042928 Syringomyelia Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 240000007842 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019749 Dry matter Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003203 everyday Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002269 spontaneous Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000295 complement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001737 promoting Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000001715 Lentinula edodes Nutrition 0.000 abstract 3
- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000000459 effect on growth Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000813 microbial Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000749 insecticidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 peptide class Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for auricularia auricula. Lentinus edodes stems are applied to a technology for cultivating the auricularia auricula. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that firstly, a soaking material for the lentinus edodes stems is added and mixed with a cultivation raw material for stacking fermentation, so that propagation of beneficial microorganisms is promoted, microbial florae in the material are improved, and catalytic decomposition of the cultivation material is accelerated; secondly, the fermented cultivation material contains high-activity beneficial bacteria and active metabolites of the high-activity beneficial bacteria, has a promotion effect on growth of auricularia auricula mycelia, and has the characteristics of strong mycelial growth and good mixed bacterium resistance; thirdly, after the auricularia auricula is harvested for the second time and the third time, an effect of rejuvenating the mycelia by leaching liquor of the lentinus edodes stems is good, an effect of promoting formation of auricularia auricula primordia and growth of the auricularia auricula is achieved, and the bioconversion rate of the auricularia auricula harvested for the third time and the fourth time is high; fourthly, resources such as manpower and coal are saved, environmental pollution is alleviated, and a low-carbon environmental protection concept is fitted.
Description
Technical field
A kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula method of the present invention, is the technology be applied to by mushroom tang in cultivation of auricularia auricula, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Woodear has long history in China, first of the woodear output of China or the quality Jun Ju world, is the fist exporting of China, finds a good sale at home and abroad.
The traditional cultivation method of woodear is cured material bag-cultured, and planting material carries out inoculated and cultured after high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization, and the contour molecular organic material of the cellulose now in material is degraded, miscellaneous bacteria in material is also killed, therefore, when planting material sends out bacterium, mycelial growth is fast, and living contaminants is few.But along with the significantly rise of the price of labour power and fuel price, grog cultivation cost increases severely, and high-temperature sterilization also causes the loss of planting material nutriment, causes planting material conversion ratio to reduce simultaneously.
Mushroom is famous and precious edible one of the medicinal fungus of holding concurrently in the world, and current China mushroom production accounts for 70% of world's mushroom gross yield, has the equal mushroom culture in the province of more than 70% in China.Because mushroom stems stiffness of foot in children, content of cellulose are higher, palatability is poor, and therefore, mushroom is being eaten raw or in process, the tang of mushroom can remove as offcuts by the producer, causes the mushroom tang accounting for mushroom weight about 30% to become discarded object.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention adds the immersion of mushroom tang and expects to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment, and do not add insecticide, bactericide during windrow, the planting material after fermentation is directly taped against ridge-up bed cultivation, and the woodear quality of producing is good, output is high.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, hair bacterium, earthing, goes out syrinx and manage, concrete operation step:
(1) prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 70-76%, soya-bean cake 16-20%, mushroom tang 4-5%, lime 3-4%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in cotton seed hulls, soya-bean cake compound uniformly together with mushroom stems slag, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
(3) turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3-4 time, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
(4) make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-0.8cm, thickness 1-1.2cm, carries out syrinx reason;
(5) go out syrinx reason: after the second damp ear, the 3rd damp ear are gathered, depending on mycelial growth situation, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.015g/ml in ear bed, every square metre is sprayed 4-5kg, with rejuvenation mycelia comprehensively; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
Mushroom tang is applied to the method for cultivation of auricularia auricula by the present invention, and apart from outside explanation, other operating procedure is all undertaken by this area routine techniques.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
1. mushroom tang leachate is full-natural nutritive liquid, containing glucide, amino acid, peptide class, nucleic acid and trace element, bio-hormone also containing abundant species, also the bioactivator do not leached in a large number is had in mushroom stems slag, add and expect to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment with the immersion of mushroom tang, promote beneficial microbe breeding, improve the microorganism species in material, accelerate the catalytic decomposition of planting material;
2. the planting material after fermentation has high activity beneficial bacterium and active metabolite thereof, has Promotive effect, show as prosperous, the anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability of mycelium growth vigor strong to the growth of woodear mycelia;
3., after the second damp ear, the 3rd damp ear are gathered, effective with mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, have facilitation to the formation of woodear ear base and the growth of auricle, the biological transformation ratio of third and fourth damp ear is high;
4. save the resource such as manpower, coal, decrease environmental pollution, meet low-carbon environment-friendly theory.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and what do not illustrate in detail in embodiment is all state of the art.
Embodiment 1: a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula method, comprise batching, ferment, make the bed, sow, hair bacterium, earthing, go out syrinx reason, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 73%, soya-bean cake 18%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 3.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in cotton seed hulls through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-0.8cm, thickness 1-1.2cm, carries out syrinx reason;
5. go out syrinx reason: after having adopted the second damp ear, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in ear bed, every square metre is sprayed 4kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp ear, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.015g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 5kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, go out ear effective, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp ear reaches 72.8%, and total biological efficiency reaches 138.7%.
Embodiment 2: a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula method, comprise batching, ferment, make the bed, sow, hair bacterium, earthing, go out syrinx reason, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 73%, soya-bean cake 18%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 3.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in cotton seed hulls through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-0.8cm, thickness 1-1.2cm, carries out syrinx reason;
5. syrinx reason is gone out: after having adopted the second damp ear, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 4kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp ear, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 5kg, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp ear has been 51.5%, and total biological efficiency is 117.4%.
Embodiment 3: a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula method, comprise batching, ferment, make the bed, sow, hair bacterium, earthing, go out syrinx reason, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 73%, soya-bean cake 18%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 3.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then the leachate after removing slag is admixed uniformly in the cotton seed hulls through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-0.8cm, thickness 1-1.2cm, carries out syrinx reason;
5. go out syrinx reason: after having adopted the second damp ear, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in ear bed, every square metre is sprayed 4kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp ear, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.015g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 5kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, go out ear effective, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp ear reaches 67.3%, and total biological efficiency reaches 128.2%.
Embodiment 4: a kind of cultivation of auricularia auricula method, comprise batching, ferment, make the bed, sow, hair bacterium, earthing, go out syrinx reason, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 73%, soya-bean cake 18%, mushroom tang 4.5%, lime 3.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then the leachate after removing slag is admixed uniformly in the cotton seed hulls through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-0.8cm, thickness 1-1.2cm, carries out syrinx reason;
5. syrinx reason is gone out: after having adopted the second damp ear, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 4kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp ear, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 5kg, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp ear has been 49.4%, and total biological efficiency is 110.3%.
table one woodear biological efficiency compares
As can be seen from Table I: the ferment effect utilizing mushroom tang leachate to add than single leachate together with the ferment effect that mushroom stems slag adds is good, and output is high; Leachate is good to the effect of rejuvenation of woodear mycelia, and third and fourth damp ear biological efficiency is high, obvious effect of increasing production.
Claims (1)
1. a cultivation of auricularia auricula method, comprise batching, ferment, make the bed, sow, hair bacterium, earthing, go out syrinx reason, it is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 70-76%, soya-bean cake 16-20%, mushroom tang 4-5%, lime 3-4%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in cotton seed hulls, soya-bean cake compound uniformly together with mushroom stems slag, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
(3) turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3-4 time, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
(4) make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-0.8cm, thickness 1-1.2cm, carries out syrinx reason;
(5) go out syrinx reason: after the second damp ear, the 3rd damp ear are gathered, depending on mycelial growth situation, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.015g/ml in ear bed, every square metre is sprayed 4-5kg comprehensively; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
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