CN104568700A - Adjustable soil infiltration performance detecting and loss amount sampling device - Google Patents
Adjustable soil infiltration performance detecting and loss amount sampling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104568700A CN104568700A CN201410840098.1A CN201410840098A CN104568700A CN 104568700 A CN104568700 A CN 104568700A CN 201410840098 A CN201410840098 A CN 201410840098A CN 104568700 A CN104568700 A CN 104568700A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
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- FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10,10-dioxo-2-[4-(N-phenylanilino)phenyl]thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound O=C1c2ccccc2S(=O)(=O)c2ccc(cc12)-c1ccc(cc1)N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses an adjustable soil infiltration performance detecting and loss amount sampling device and belongs to the technical field of water-saving irrigation. The device comprises a belt conveying shaft support, a belt conveying shaft, a chain, a servo motor III, a belt support seat, a leakage instrument base, a belt, liquid containing bottles, a leakage instrument support sleeve, a leakage instrument, a rack, a sensor moving sleeve and a water injection cavity. According to the device, positions of integrated blocks of sensors can be adjusted according to moisture infiltration positions, the moisture infiltration process can be determined, and changes of multiple physical properties of soil during infiltration can be determined. Meanwhile, infiltration losses can be collected at the bottom in certain time intervals, and comparative analysis tests on lost moisture and moisture entering earth pillars are facilitated. The device is good in controllability and can be applied to moisture infiltration performance detection under different requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of adjustable soil infiltration capability to detect and number of dropouts sampler, belong to water-saving irrigation technique field.
Background technology
Infiltrating is the physical phenomenon that water infiltrates soil, be by the top exchange of moisture process of the combined factors effects such as soil hydraulic properties, water regime and water supply conditions, it and the hydrology are changed, the soil erosion, soil moisture, nutrient, salinity and heavy metal ion migration etc. have close ties.Infiltrate and infiltrate the depth of water (i.e. permeability model or infiltration rate) with the unit interval, or infiltrate summation curve represent to last.The process of infiltration rate time to time change claims infiltration curve.When water infiltrates in soil, some physical propertys of soil can change along with infiltrating of moisture, and the moisture, potential of hydrogen (pH value), salinity, temperature etc. of such as soil, these physical indexs, directly reflect the impact of water infiltration on soil.Infiltration Characteristics in Field Soils and infiltration parameter are necessity foundations determining ground irrigation technique parameter simultaneously, for water-saving irrigation technique, infiltration rate and the relation of the degree of depth and time of infiltrating evaluate an important indicator of irrigation effect, can manage provide guidance instruction to Agricultural Water.Therefore, soil infiltration research better develops significant to promotion related discipline sooner.
Two classes were divided into the research of Infiltration Law in the past, one class is the method for the double-ring infiltration instrument generally adopted in field work, the method requires high to experimental enviroment, precision is lower, and automatic control effect is poor, and the method only can measure the relation of soil infiltration and time, the relation of the soil infiltration degree of depth and time cannot be measured, make the method measurement result single, applicability is poor, is difficult to meet testing requirements.Another kind of is the laboratory experiment method infiltrated by horizontal or vertical column simulation, the method in use to measure soil moisture content, pH and conductivity sometime time, just mensuration can be completed after needing that the soil sample in earth pillar is taken out lixiviate, there is the defects such as the low and measuring accuracy of work efficiency is lower, it will be further appreciated that when doing soil infiltration capability (breakthrough curve) and testing, timing is needed to collect the water sample oozed out from earth pillar lower end, staff can not leave test site, and a couple of days can not be interrupted continuously.Therefore, the method measuring process is time-consuming, effort, measurement efficiency are extremely low.For this reason, we are by multi-crossed disciplines, introduce modern test technology, mechanized equipment and automatic technology, seek a kind ofly can automatically to measure, automatically connect sample, realize measurement result and can reflect that the test unit of multi objective is very necessary.
At present, the Patents relating to the soil infiltration capability pick-up unit of automatic multi objective has: soil infiltration performance real-time automatic measuring system (200610089698.4), a kind of apparatus and method (201210196089.4) measuring unsaturated soil infiltrated water, a kind of indoor column soil layer rainfall infiltration apparatus for automatically measuring (201210369371.8) etc.Wherein soil infiltration performance real-time automatic measuring system is mainly for the measurement of soil runoff, and the measurement for earth pillar is inapplicable; The infiltrated water of what a kind of apparatus and method measuring unsaturated soil infiltrated water measured is unsaturated soil, if but this device needs higher measuring accuracy, need more moisture transducer and moisture tension meter, installation cost is high, adopt process of iteration to obtain Infiltration coefficient simultaneously, operation more complicated, automaticity is low; Indoor column soil layer rainfall infiltration apparatus for automatically measuring is only the infiltrated water measuring soil, can not measure other index.The above-mentioned apparatus and method mentioned, do not occur measuring in Infiltration Processes for Different Vegetation, the apparatus and method of relation between the multiple physical property of soil and soil infiltration, do not appear at the apparatus and method to the moisture run off collecting and sampling in batches in Infiltration Processes for Different Vegetation simultaneously yet.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem mentioned in above-mentioned background technology, the invention provides a kind of adjustable soil infiltration capability to detect and number of dropouts sampler, this device can according to the position of infiltrating of moisture, adopt sensor integration block, automatic mensuration moisture, and can according to infiltration process movable sensor integrated package at earth pillar infiltration process.The change of the multiple physical property of the soil in infiltration process can be measured.The number of dropouts of infiltrating can be collected according to certain time interval in bottom simultaneously, conveniently with the moisture entering earth pillar, comparative analysis is done to number of dropouts moisture and test, thus obtain the number of dropouts of various ion in soil in infiltration process.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: comprise belt transmission shaft bearing 1, belt transmission shaft 2, chain 3, servomotor III 4, belt supporting seat 5, leaking equipment base 6, belt 9, liquid holding bottle 10, leaking equipment support set 11, leaking equipment 15, tooth bar 16, sensor movable sleeving 17, water-injecting cavity 19;
Described belt transmission shaft bearing 1, servomotor III 4 and belt supporting seat 5 fix on the ground, and belt transmission shaft 2 is arranged on belt transmission shaft bearing 1 top, and belt drive shaft 2 is connected by chain 3 with servomotor III 4; Belt 9 one end is arranged on the upper end of belt supporting seat 5, and the other end is arranged on the upper end of belt drive shaft 2, and liquid holding bottle 10 is placed on belt 9 uniformly; Leaking equipment base 6 fixes on the ground, leaking equipment support set 11 is arranged on leaking equipment base 6 top, collect cavity 34 is arranged in leaking equipment support set 11, leaking equipment 15 is arranged on collect cavity 34 top, the outer circumference surface of leaking equipment 15 is provided with tooth bar 16, tooth bar 16 is equipped with sensor movable sleeving 17, water-injecting cavity 19 is arranged on leaking equipment 15 top; Sensor 32 is arranged in sensor movable sleeving 17 by sensor installation seat 27, and servomotor II 37 is arranged on sensor movable sleeving 17 side, for movable sensor position; Servomotor I 36 is fixed on the upper surface of sensor movable sleeving 17, and servomotor I 36 axle is provided with cam 38, for controlling sensor turnover leaking equipment;
Described leaking equipment 20 is hollow circular cylinder, hollow circular cylinder top is provided with leaking equipment upper flange 20, bottom is provided with leaking equipment lower flange 22, hollow circular cylinder has from top to bottom the sensor access hole I 21 that 5 rows are above, often row is provided with three equal diameter holes, the spacing in the hole that arbitrary neighborhood two is arranged is identical, and tooth bar 16 is arranged on the side of sensor access hole I 21.
Described water-injecting cavity 19 is hollow circular cylinder, its top is axially arranged with water filling port 30, and radial symmetry is provided with auxiliary water injection hole 7, and water-injecting cavity 19 bottom even has uniform hole 31, water-injecting cavity 19 bottom is provided with flange, and the leaking equipment upper flange 20 of this flange and leaking equipment 15 is bolted.
Described collect cavity 34 is hollow circular cylinder, and its top is provided with method pulling plate, method pulling plate is evenly provided with lower uniform hole 33, is axially arranged with apopore 35 bottom collect cavity 34, and the leaking equipment lower flange 22 on the flange on collect cavity 34 top and leaking equipment 15 is bolted.
Described tooth bar 16 is arranged on the outer circumference surface of leaking equipment 15, the length of tooth bar 16 is identical with the axial length of leaking equipment 15, the both sides of tooth bar 16 are provided with slide rail, and sensor movable sleeving 17 is arranged on tooth bar 16 by slide rail, and slide rail length is identical with the length of tooth bar 16.
Described sensor movable sleeving 17 is hollow fan-shaped body, hollow space is also segment, the outer circumference surface of segment radial direction and inner peripheral surface are respectively equipped with circuit hole 23 and sensor access hole II 25, sensor movable sleeving 17 side has motor mounting hole 24 and tooth bar sliding-rail groove 13, servomotor II 37 is arranged in motor mounting hole 24 by axle, the other end of axle is provided with gear 14, gear 14 matches with tooth bar 16, tooth bar sliding-rail groove 13 matches with slide rail, preloading spring erection column 26 is installed in sensor movable sleeving 17, spring 29 preloading spring erection column 26 is equipped with, one end of spring 29 contacts with the inner face of sensor movable sleeving 17, the other end contacts with inside sensor installation seat 27.
Described sensor installation seat 27 is segment, segment upper surface is provided with a boss, the sensor erection column 28 that one row is above is installed inside segment, often row is provided with three, each sensor erection column 28 is respectively equipped with the sensor 32 of some identical types, the installation site of sensor erection column 28 is corresponding with sensor access hole II 25, and match with the sensor access hole I on leaking equipment 15, boss on sensor installation seat 27 matches with cam 38, the type of often arranging the sensor that three sensor erection columns 28 are installed is different, the type of each sensor of another row is identical with this row with quantity, the hollow fan-shaped body that sensor installation seat 27 is nested in sensor movable sleeving 17 is completely inner.
Describedly between the leaking equipment lower flange 22 of collect cavity 34 and leaking equipment, be provided with lower silicagel pad 12.
Silicagel pad 18 is provided with between the leaking equipment upper flange 20 of the described flange in the bottom at water-injecting cavity 19 and leaking equipment.
The sensor access hole I 21 that leaking equipment 15 outer circumference surface is provided with, sensor access hole II 25 match with sensor erection column 28, and arbitrary neighborhood two spacing of arranging sensor access hole I 21 and two holes, winding displacement road 23, two are arranged sensor access hole II 25, two to arrange the spacing of sensor erection column 28 all identical.
Described servomotor III 4, sensor 32, servomotor I 36, servomotor II 37 can be connected with conventional programmable controller; Can programme according to the requirement of reality, thus control their action.
Principle of work of the present invention is:
When will to certain soil infiltrate performance and number of dropouts detect time, in leaking equipment 15, first load the soil of certain condition, by water-injecting cavity 19 and collect cavity 34 by upper silicagel pad 18, lower silicagel pad 12 is arranged on leaking equipment 15 top and bottom respectively, leaking equipment is arranged in the leaking equipment support set 11 on the leaking equipment base 6 that fixes on the ground by collect cavity 34, in water-injecting cavity, distilled water is injected by the water filling port 30 above water-injecting cavity 19, water-injecting cavity 19 both sides are provided with two auxiliary water filling ports 7, these, two holes are for injection test ion in water-injecting cavity 19, another is for discharging unnecessary liquid.When need to measure some ion in soil infiltrate loss characteristic time, use the auxiliary water filling port 7 of water-injecting cavity 19 both sides.After water and solion enter water-injecting cavity 19, even in water-injecting cavity 19 internal mix, then flow to the soil surface of leaking equipment 15 by the upper uniform hole 31 bottom it uniformly, start to infiltrate.
Be arranged on leaking equipment 15 outer circumference surface upper rack 16 to maintain static, the sensor movable sleeving 17 and the sensor installation seat 27 that match with tooth bar 16 are initially located in the top of leaking equipment 15.Now, under the effect of the pretension elastic force of spring 29, the outer circumference surface of sensor installation seat 27 is made to be close to sensor movable sleeving 17, sensor installation seat 27 is larger in the distance of sensor movable sleeving 17 middle distance leaking equipment 15, thus make sensor erection column 28 and sensor 32 also away from leaking equipment 15, now sensor 32 does not insert leaking equipment 15, and now sensor 32 can not detect.Start the servomotor I 36 be arranged on sensor movable sleeving 17, this motor can with the motion of moving cam 38, the motion of cam 38, the sensor installation seat 27 coordinated with it can be made to move radially in sensor movable sleeving 17, thus band dynamic sensor erection column 28 and sensor 32 also radial motion, until after sensor 32 enters the soil certain depth in leaking equipment 15, stop the effect of servomotor I 36, now sensor 32 pairs of soil have detection effect.The sensor 32 be arranged on sensor installation seat 27 has two rows, has often arranged three types sensor, in the sensor of three types, has at least one to be moisture transducer, and remaining two sensor can be changed according to testing requirement.
Originally, the moisture evenly flowing into soil surface leaking equipment 15 from water-injecting cavity 19 does not flow to sensing station, moisture transducer on two row's sensor erection columns 28 all can not detect the change of moisture, and the sensor of other type can detect the character of the soil at this place.Water is continuous seepage downwards in leaking equipment 15, until when seepage head arrives first row sensing station, in first row sensor, moisture transducer detects that moisture sharply changes, then keep the regular hour, then start servomotor I 36 and act on, same, this driven by motor cam 38 operates, under the acting in conjunction of cam 38 and spring 29, sensor installation seat 27 outwards moves in sensor movable sleeving 17, thus band dynamic sensor 32 from leaking equipment 15 mobile out.Then start servomotor II 37 to act on, the running of this motor, the gear 14 be arranged on this motor shaft can be driven to rotate, gear 14 coordinates with fixing tooth bar 16, sliding-rail groove on sensor movable sleeving 17 is moved down along the slide rail of tooth bar 16 both sides, until after sensor moves a certain distance, stop the effect of servomotor II 37.And then start the operation that servomotor I 36 enters leaking equipment, thus upper row's sensor enters the position that the lower row's sensor before not moving down enters leaking equipment, upper row's sensor carries out duplicate detection to the soil property at this place, lower row's sensor is moved down into new position, carries out the detection of the soil property to this position.Similar, when Infiltration is to upper row's sensing station, the moisture transducer in upper row's sensor detects the sharply change of moisture, then repeat the operation described in this section.
Similar, all detection positions of leaking equipment bottom are all similar to the operation of above-mentioned position, until after having been detected the position of all for bottom settings, stop the operation of servomotor I 36 and control sensor.
Time bottom soil in Water deep leaching to leaking equipment 15, moisture can first through the lower uniform hole 33 on collect cavity 34 top, flow in the cavity of collect cavity 34 inside, finally flow out from the apopore 35 bottom collect cavity 34, immediately below apopore 35, be provided with liquid holding bottle 10, liquid holding bottle 10 is evenly placed on above belt 9, belt 9 realizes geneva motion by the Chain conveyer of belt transmission shaft 2 and servomotor III 4, thus driving the geneva motion of the liquid holding bottle 10 of disposed thereon, the quiescent interval can be set by conventional method.Liquid holding bottle 10, with the geneva motion of belt 9, makes to drip a portion of water shunting vector in liquid holding bottle 10 and separately holds, facilitate the detection of the soil ion number of dropouts in later stage.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, this device can not only detect the infiltration process of moisture in soil, and can detect infiltrating the change of some physical propertys (pH and conductivity etc.) causing soil.
2, this device arranges sensor integration block, and can infiltrate position according to moisture in soil, regulate and detect position, do not need evenly to arrange multiple sensor in soil, detect dirigibility higher, Meteorological is less.
3, this device arranges two rows sensor, and in the process of carrying out soil infiltration capability detection, upper row's sensor and lower row's sensor, can to measure before and after Infiltration or the variation tendency of the various physical propertys of soil in Infiltration process.
4, the water sample that this device can flow out earth pillar lower end carries out continuously or the collection of interval, and separately holds, and facilitates the later stage to detect the number of dropouts of ion various in soil in infiltration process.
5, the operation of this device adopts controller to realize, and Control Cooling can artificially set, and the soil infiltration capability that can meet under different requirements detects, and can reduce the personal error in process of the test.
6, this device is installed fairly simple, keeps in repair more convenient, can reduce hand labor intensity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representations;
Fig. 2 is water-injecting cavity structural representation in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is water-injecting cavity partial cutaway three-dimensional structure schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of leaking equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of collect cavity of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the partial cutaway three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of collect cavity of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of sensor movable sleeving of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of sensor installation seat of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the annexation three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of sensor movable sleeving of the present invention and sensor installation seat;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the annexation of the assemblies such as sensor movable sleeving of the present invention, sensor installation seat, tooth bar, cam;
Figure 11 is the annexation structural representation of the assemblies such as sensor movable sleeving of the present invention, sensor installation seat;
Figure 12 be the assemblies such as sensor movable sleeving of the present invention, sensor installation seat annexation structural representation;
Figure 13 is the structural representation of silicagel pad in the present invention;
Figure 14 is the annexation structural representation of leaking equipment base of the present invention and leaking equipment support set;
Figure 15 is the annexation structural representation of leaking equipment base of the present invention, leaking equipment support set and collect cavity;
Figure 16 is the annexation structural representation of the assemblies such as belt supporting seat of the present invention, liquid holding bottle;
In figure: 1-belt transmission shaft bearing, 2-belt transmission shaft, 3-chain, 4-servomotor III, 5-belt supporting seat, 6-leaking equipment base, 7-assists water filling port, 8-Programmable Logic Controller, 9-belt, 10-liquid holding bottle, 11-leaking equipment support set, silicagel pad under 12-, 13-tooth bar sliding-rail groove, 14-gear, 15-leaking equipment, 16-tooth bar, 17-sensor movable sleeving, the upper silicagel pad of 18-, 19-water-injecting cavity, 20-leaking equipment upper flange, 21-sensor access hole I, 22-leaking equipment lower flange, 23-circuit hole, 24-motor mounting hole, 25-sensor access hole II, 26-preloading spring erection column, 27-sensor installation seat, 28-sensor erection column, 29-spring, 30-water filling port, the upper uniform hole of 31-, 32-sensor, uniform hole under 33-, 34-collect cavity, 35-apopore, 36-servomotor I, 37-servomotor II, 38-cam.
Embodiment
Below by drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described content.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Fig. 1-12,14-16, the soil infiltration capability that this is adjustable detects and number of dropouts sampler comprises belt transmission shaft bearing 1, belt transmission shaft 2, chain 3, servomotor III 4, belt supporting seat 5, leaking equipment base 6, belt 9, liquid holding bottle 10, leaking equipment support set 11, leaking equipment 15, tooth bar 16, sensor movable sleeving 17, water-injecting cavity 19;
Described belt transmission shaft bearing 1, servomotor III 4 and belt supporting seat 5 fix on the ground, and belt transmission shaft 2 is arranged on belt transmission shaft bearing 1 top, and belt drive shaft 2 is connected by chain 3 with servomotor III 4, belt 9 one end is arranged on the upper end of belt supporting seat 5, and the other end is arranged on the upper end of belt drive shaft 2, and liquid holding bottle 10 is placed on belt 9 uniformly, leaking equipment base 6 fixes on the ground, leaking equipment support set 11 is arranged on leaking equipment base 6 top, collect cavity 34 is arranged in leaking equipment support set 11, leaking equipment 15 is arranged on collect cavity 34 top, the outer circumference surface of leaking equipment 15 is provided with tooth bar 16, tooth bar 16 is equipped with sensor movable sleeving 17, water-injecting cavity 19 is arranged on leaking equipment 15 top, sensor 32 is arranged in sensor movable sleeving 17 by sensor installation seat 27, and servomotor II 37 is arranged on sensor movable sleeving 17 side, for movable sensor position, servomotor I 36 is fixed on the upper surface of sensor movable sleeving 17, and servomotor I 36 axle is provided with cam 38, for controlling sensor turnover leaking equipment, described leaking equipment 20 is hollow circular cylinder, hollow circular cylinder top is provided with upper flange 20, bottom is provided with leaking equipment lower flange 22, hollow circular cylinder has from top to bottom the sensor access hole I 21 of 20 rows, often row is provided with three equal diameter holes, the spacing in the hole that arbitrary neighborhood two is arranged is identical, and tooth bar 16 is arranged on the side of sensor access hole I 21, described water-injecting cavity 19 is hollow circular cylinder, its top is axially arranged with water filling port 30, and radial symmetry is provided with auxiliary water injection hole 7, and water-injecting cavity 19 bottom even has uniform hole 31, water-injecting cavity 19 bottom is provided with flange, and the leaking equipment upper flange 20 of this flange and leaking equipment 15 is bolted, described collect cavity 34 is hollow circular cylinder, and its top is provided with method pulling plate, method pulling plate is evenly provided with lower uniform hole 33, is axially arranged with apopore 35 bottom collect cavity 34, and the leaking equipment lower flange 22 on the flange on collect cavity 34 top and leaking equipment 15 is bolted, described tooth bar 16 is arranged on the outer circumference surface of leaking equipment 15, the length of tooth bar 16 is identical with the axial length of leaking equipment 15, the both sides of tooth bar 16 are provided with slide rail, and sensor movable sleeving 17 is arranged on tooth bar 16 by slide rail, and slide rail length is identical with the length of tooth bar 16, described sensor movable sleeving 17 is hollow fan-shaped body, hollow space is also segment, the outer circumference surface of segment radial direction and inner peripheral surface are respectively equipped with circuit hole 23 and sensor access hole II 25, sensor movable sleeving 17 side has motor mounting hole 24 and tooth bar sliding-rail groove 13, servomotor II 37 is arranged in motor mounting hole 24 by axle, the other end of axle is provided with gear 14, gear 14 matches with tooth bar 16, tooth bar sliding-rail groove 13 matches with slide rail, preloading spring erection column 26 is installed in sensor movable sleeving 17, spring 29 preloading spring erection column 26 is equipped with, one end of spring 29 contacts with the inner face of sensor movable sleeving 17, the other end contacts with inside sensor installation seat 27, described sensor installation seat 27 is segment, segment upper surface is provided with a boss, the sensor erection column 28 of 2 rows is installed inside segment, often row is provided with three, each sensor erection column 28 is respectively equipped with the sensor 32 of some identical types, the installation site of sensor erection column 28 is corresponding with sensor access hole II 25, and match with the sensor access hole I on leaking equipment 15, boss on sensor installation seat 27 matches with cam 38, the type of often arranging the sensor that three sensor erection columns 28 are installed is different, the type of each sensor of another row is identical with this row with quantity, the hollow fan-shaped body that sensor installation seat 27 is nested in sensor movable sleeving 17 is completely inner.
The sensor access hole I 21 that leaking equipment 15 outer circumference surface is provided with, sensor access hole II 25, sensor erection column 28 match, and arbitrary neighborhood two spacing of arranging sensor access hole I 21 and two holes, winding displacement road 23, two are arranged sensor access hole II 25, two to arrange the spacing of sensor erection column 28 all identical.
When will to certain soil infiltrate performance and number of dropouts detect time, first in leaking equipment 15, load soil, by water-injecting cavity 19 and collect cavity 34 by upper silicagel pad 18, lower silicagel pad 12 is arranged on leaking equipment 15 top and bottom respectively, leaking equipment is arranged in the leaking equipment support set 11 on the leaking equipment base 6 that fixes on the ground by collect cavity 34, in water-injecting cavity, distilled water is injected by the water filling port 30 above water-injecting cavity 19, water-injecting cavity 19 both sides are provided with two auxiliary water filling ports 7, these, two holes are for injection test ion in water-injecting cavity 19, another is for discharging unnecessary liquid.When need to measure some ion in soil infiltrate loss characteristic time, use the auxiliary water filling port 7 of water-injecting cavity 19 both sides.After water and solion enter water-injecting cavity 19, even in water-injecting cavity 19 internal mix, then flow to the soil surface of leaking equipment 15 by the upper uniform hole 31 bottom it uniformly, start seepage.
Be arranged on leaking equipment 15 outer circumference surface upper rack 16 to maintain static, the sensor movable sleeving 17 and the sensor installation seat 27 that match with tooth bar 16 are initially located in the top of leaking equipment 15.Originally time, under the effect of the pretension elastic force of spring 29, the outer circumference surface of sensor installation seat 27 is made to be close to sensor movable sleeving 17, sensor installation seat 27 is larger in the distance of sensor movable sleeving 17 middle distance leaking equipment 15, thus make sensor erection column 28 and sensor 32 also away from leaking equipment 15, now sensor 32 does not insert leaking equipment 15, and now sensor 32 can not detect.Start the servomotor I 36 be arranged on sensor movable sleeving 17, this motor can with the motion of moving cam 38, the motion of cam 38, the sensor installation seat 27 coordinated with it can be made to move radially in sensor movable sleeving 17, thus band dynamic sensor erection column 28 and sensor 32 also radial motion, until after sensor 32 enters the soil certain depth in leaking equipment 15, stop the effect of servomotor I 36, now sensor 32 pairs of soil have detection effect.The sensor 32 be arranged on sensor installation seat 27 has two rows, has often arranged three types sensor, in the sensor of three types, has at least one to be moisture transducer, and remaining two sensor can be changed according to testing requirement.
Originally, the moisture evenly flowing into soil surface leaking equipment 15 from water-injecting cavity 19 does not flow to sensing station, moisture transducer on two row's sensor erection columns 28 all can not detect the change of moisture, and the sensor of other type can detect the character of the soil at this place.Water is continuous seepage downwards in leaking equipment 15, until when seepage head arrives first row sensing station, in first row sensor, moisture transducer detects that moisture sharply changes, then keep the regular hour, then start servomotor I 36 and act on, same, this driven by motor cam 38 operates, under the acting in conjunction of cam 38 and spring 29, sensor installation seat 27 outwards moves in sensor movable sleeving 17, thus band dynamic sensor 32 from leaking equipment 15 mobile out.Then start servomotor II 37 to act on, the running of this motor, the gear 14 be arranged on this motor shaft can be driven to rotate, gear 14 coordinates with fixing tooth bar 16, sliding-rail groove on sensor movable sleeving 17 is moved down along the slide rail of tooth bar 16 both sides, until after sensor moves a certain distance, stop the effect of servomotor II 37.And then start the operation that servomotor I 36 enters leaking equipment, thus upper row's sensor enters the position that the lower row's sensor before not moving down enters leaking equipment, upper row's sensor carries out duplicate detection to the soil property at this place, lower row's sensor is moved down into new position, carries out the detection of the soil property to this position.Similar, when Infiltration is to upper row's sensing station, the moisture transducer in upper row's sensor detects the sharply change of moisture, then repeat the operation described in this section.
Similar, all detection positions of leaking equipment bottom are all similar to the operation of above-mentioned position, until after having been detected the position of all for bottom settings, stop the operation of servomotor I 36 and control sensor.
Time bottom soil in Water deep leaching to leaking equipment 15, moisture can first through the lower uniform hole 33 on collect cavity 34 top, flow in the cavity of collect cavity 34 inside, finally flow out from the apopore 35 bottom collect cavity 34, immediately below apopore 35, be provided with liquid holding bottle 10, liquid holding bottle 10 is evenly placed on above belt 9, belt 9 realizes geneva motion by the Chain conveyer of belt transmission shaft 2 and servomotor III 4, thus driving the geneva motion of the liquid holding bottle 10 of disposed thereon, the quiescent interval can be set by conventional method.Liquid holding bottle 10, with the geneva motion of belt 9, makes to drip a portion of water shunting vector in liquid holding bottle 10 and separately holds, facilitate the detection of the soil ion number of dropouts in later stage and other character of loss.
Embodiment 2: the present embodiment apparatus structure is with embodiment 1, difference is described between the leaking equipment lower flange 22 of collect cavity 34 and leaking equipment, to be provided with lower silicagel pad 12, be provided with silicagel pad 18 between the leaking equipment upper flange 20 of the described flange in the bottom at water-injecting cavity 19 and leaking equipment, the same silicagel pad 18(of lower silicagel pad 12 structure is shown in Figure 13);
Described servomotor III 4, sensor 32, servomotor I 36, servomotor II 37 can be connected with conventional programmable controller 8; Their action (see figure 1) is controlled by conventional method.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, various change can also be made under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept.
Claims (9)
1. adjustable soil infiltration capability detects and a number of dropouts sampler, it is characterized in that: comprise belt transmission shaft bearing (1), belt transmission shaft (2), chain (3), servomotor III (4), belt supporting seat (5), leaking equipment base (6), belt (9), liquid holding bottle (10), leaking equipment support set (11), leaking equipment (15), tooth bar (16), sensor movable sleeving (17), water-injecting cavity (19);
Described belt transmission shaft bearing (1), servomotor III (4) and belt supporting seat (5) fix on the ground, belt transmission shaft (2) is arranged on belt gear shaft stool (1) top, and belt transmission shaft (2) is connected by chain (3) with servomotor III (4); Belt (9) one end is arranged on the upper end of belt supporting seat (5), and the other end is arranged on the upper end of belt transmission shaft (2), and liquid holding bottle (10) is placed on belt (9) uniformly; Leaking equipment base (6) fixes on the ground, leaking equipment support set (11) is arranged on leaking equipment base (6) top, collect cavity (34) is arranged in leaking equipment support set (11), leaking equipment (15) is arranged on collect cavity (34) top, the outer circumference surface of leaking equipment (15) is provided with tooth bar (16), tooth bar (16) is equipped with sensor movable sleeving (17), water-injecting cavity (19) is arranged on leaking equipment (15) top; Sensor (32) is arranged in sensor movable sleeving (17) by sensor installation seat (27), servomotor II (37) is arranged on sensor movable sleeving (17) side, servomotor I (36) is fixed on the upper surface of sensor movable sleeving (17), and servomotor I (36) axle is provided with cam (38).
2. adjustable soil infiltration capability according to claim 1 detects and number of dropouts sampler, it is characterized in that: described leaking equipment (15) is hollow circular cylinder, hollow circular cylinder top is provided with leaking equipment upper flange (20), bottom is provided with leaking equipment lower flange (22), the outer circumference surface of hollow circular cylinder axially has the above sensor access hole of 5 rows I (21), often arrange and be evenly provided with three isodiametric holes, the spacing of adjacent two rounds is identical, and tooth bar (16) is arranged on sensor access hole I (21) side.
3. adjustable soil infiltration capability according to claim 1 and 2 detects and number of dropouts sampler, it is characterized in that: described water-injecting cavity (19) is hollow circular cylinder, its top is axially arranged with water filling port (30), radial symmetry is provided with auxiliary water filling port (7), water-injecting cavity (19) bottom has uniform hole (31), water-injecting cavity (19) bottom is provided with flange, and the leaking equipment upper flange (20) of this flange and leaking equipment (15) is bolted.
4. adjustable soil infiltration capability according to claim 3 detects and number of dropouts sampler, it is characterized in that: described collect cavity (34) is hollow circular cylinder, its top is provided with ring flange, ring flange evenly has lower uniform hole (33), collect cavity (34) bottom is axially arranged with apopore (35), and the ring flange on collect cavity (34) top and the leaking equipment lower flange (22) of leaking equipment (15) are bolted.
5. adjustable soil infiltration capability according to claim 4 detects and number of dropouts sampler, it is characterized in that: sensor movable sleeving (17) is arranged on tooth bar (16) by slide rail, and slide rail length is identical with the length of tooth bar (16).
6. adjustable soil infiltration capability according to claim 5 detects and number of dropouts sampler, it is characterized in that: described sensor movable sleeving (17) is hollow fan-shaped body, the outer circumference surface of segment and inner peripheral surface radial direction are provided with circuit hole (23) and sensor access hole II (25), sensor movable sleeving (17) side has motor mounting hole (24) and tooth bar sliding-rail groove (13), servomotor II (37) is arranged in motor mounting hole (24) by axle, the other end of axle is provided with gear (14), gear (14) matches with tooth bar (16), tooth bar sliding-rail groove (13) matches with slide rail, preloading spring erection column (26) is installed in sensor movable sleeving (17), spring (29) preloading spring erection column (26) is equipped with, one end of spring (29) contacts with the inner face of sensor movable sleeving (17), the other end contacts with sensor installation seat (27).
7. adjustable soil infiltration capability according to claim 6 detects and number of dropouts sampler, it is characterized in that: sensor installation seat (27) upper surface is provided with a boss, the sensor erection column (28) that one row is above is installed inside it, the installation site of sensor erection column (28) is corresponding with sensor access hole II (25), and match with the sensor access hole I on leaking equipment (15), each sensor erection column (28) is equipped with sensor (32); Boss on sensor installation seat (27) matches with cam (38).
8. adjustable soil infiltration capability according to claim 7 detects and number of dropouts sampler, it is characterized in that: between the leaking equipment lower flange (22) of collect cavity (34) and leaking equipment, be provided with lower silicagel pad (12).
9. adjustable soil infiltration capability according to claim 8 detects and number of dropouts sampler, it is characterized in that: between the flange in the bottom of water-injecting cavity (19) and the leaking equipment upper flange (20) of leaking equipment, be provided with upper silicagel pad (18).
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| CN117571969A (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-02-20 | 昆明理工大学 | Automatic soil humidity detection equipment for agriculture |
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