CN104547757B - 一种治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药 - Google Patents
一种治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
Abstract
本发明属于中药领域，特别公开了一种治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药。该中药以金银花、紫花地丁、生石膏、薏苡仁、草本威灵仙、浙贝母、炒鸡内金、穿山甲、杏仁和蜜麻黄为活性成分，按一定的重量份数组成。本发明的中药专门用于治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大，具有消肿止痛、清热解毒，宣肺、止咳，散结、促进肥大腺体萎缩的功效。解决了现有药物治疗扁桃体炎起效慢、疗程长容易反复的问题，同时能够促进肥大腺体萎缩，避免了扁桃体、腺样体肥大需手术切除的痛苦，总有效率达96％。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明属于中药领域，特别涉及一种治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药。
(二)背景技术
扁桃体炎是一种临床常见病、多发病，为扁桃体慢性感染所引起的弥漫性咽部病变，患者常出现咽喉肿痛、吞咽困难等症状，该病易反复发作，导致扁桃体的免疫功能受到影响，使人体的抗病力减弱。腺样体位于鼻咽部顶部与咽后壁处，构成咽淋巴循环的重要组成部分，当腺样体因炎症如鼻炎、扁桃体炎反复发作发生病理性增生导致腺样体肥大时，患者会出现鼻塞、打鼾、张口呼吸等临床症状，严重者可引起呼吸暂停，影响大脑供氧。此外，腺样体肥大导致咽鼓管口堵塞后会引起分泌性中耳炎，炎症分泌物下流会刺激咽喉及器官，引起咳嗽吐痰、气喘等，患者由于长期张口呼吸，还会影响面骨发育而致上颔骨狭长、硬腭高拱变窄、牙齿咬合不良、面部表情呆滞，呈现腺样体面容。小儿腺样体肥大是儿科较为常见的疾病，多病发于十岁以下的小儿，病情反复，迁延难愈，容易导致多种并发症，严重影响小儿的身心健康和生长发育。
目前对于治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大采用的普遍药物治疗方法是使用抗生素类药物，虽然起效较快，对症状有所缓解，但是治标不治本，时而有效，时而反复，不能彻底治愈，容易反复发作。并且，长期采用抗生素治疗会破坏、削弱人体淋巴组织的免疫功能，长久下去对人体危害很大。患病严重时，患者不得不采用手术切除扁桃体或者腺样体增生组织，病人痛苦大，医疗费用高。虽然市面上也出现了一些用于治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药，但这些中药大多以消炎、消肿、清热解毒为主，只能减轻患者的炎症，而对炎症长期反复发作导致的扁桃体、腺样体肥大问题，疗效较差。
(三)发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足，提供了一种制备简单、服用方便、有效缓解扁桃体炎、促进肥大腺样体萎缩、治愈率高、疗效显著持久的治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药，其活性成分由以下重量份数的原料组成：
金银花3-5份、紫花地丁3-5份、生石膏1.5-3份、薏苡仁3-5份、草本威灵仙0.5-1份、浙贝母1.5-3份、炒鸡内金1.5-3份、穿山甲0.5-1份、杏仁0.5-1份和蜜麻黄0.5-1份。
其优选的各活性成分的重量配比为：
金银花4份、紫花地丁4份、生石膏2.25份、薏苡仁4份、草本威灵仙0.75份、浙贝母2.25份、炒鸡内金2.25份、穿山甲0.75份、杏仁0.75份和蜜麻黄0.75份。
制备方法：称取将上述重量分数的各原料，粉碎成150-200目细粉后混合，即得该治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药。
用法用量：每日服用5-10g，分早、晚两次开水冲服，一个月为一疗程，一般2-3个疗程即可痊愈。
本发明所采用的各活性成分的药用性能如下所示：
金银花：味甘、性寒，归肺、胃经。具有清热解毒之功。主治外感风热或温病发热，中暑，热毒血痢，痈肿疔疮，喉痹，多种感染性疾病。现代医学研究表明，金银花含有绿原酸、木犀草素苷等药理活性成分，具有抗菌抗病毒、抗细菌病毒、解热抗炎、凉血止血等作用；
紫花地丁：味苦、辛，性寒，归心、肝经。具有清热解毒、燥湿凉血之功。主治疔疮痈疽，丹毒，痄腮，乳痈，肠痈，瘰疬，湿热泻痢，黄疸，目赤肿痛，蛇毒咬伤。现代医学研究表明，紫花地丁所含黄酮甙类及有机酸对金色葡萄球菌、猪巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌和沙门氏菌都有较强的抑菌作用；
生石膏：味辛、甘，性寒，归胃、肺经。具有清热泻火、除烦止渴之功。主治热病高热，烦渴，神昏谵语，发狂，肺热喘咳，中暑，胃火头痛、牙痛，口舌生疮。现代医学研究表明：生石膏内服经胃酸作用，一部分变成可溶性钙盐，至肠吸收入血后能增加血清内钙离子的浓度，可抑制体温调节中枢、减轻骨骼肌的兴奋性、减少血管通透性，有解热、镇痉、消炎等作用；
薏苡仁：味甘、淡，性微寒，归脾、胃、肺经。具有利湿健脾，舒筋除痹，清热排脓之功。主治水肿，脚气，小便淋沥，湿温病，泄泻，带下，风湿麻痹，筋脉拘挛，肺痈，肠痈，扁平疣。现代医学研究表明，薏苡仁所含薏苡内酯具有镇静、镇痛、抗菌等作用；
草本威灵仙：味辛、微苦，性寒，具有祛风除湿，清热解毒之功。主治感冒风热，咽喉肿痛，腮腺炎，风湿痹痛，虫蛇所伤。现代医学研究表明：草本威灵仙的纯提取物具有显著的抗炎镇痛作用；
浙贝母：味苦、性寒，归肺，心经。具有清热化痰，降气止咳，散结消肿之功。主治风热或痰热咳嗽，肺痈吐脓，瘰疬瘿瘤，疮痈肿毒。现代医学研究表明：浙贝母中所含浙贝母碱对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠埃希菌都有明显抑菌作用，此外，浙贝母碱还具有镇咳平喘的作用；
炒鸡内金：味甘、涩，性平，归脾、胃、膀胱经。具有健脾胃，消食积，化石之功。主治食积，泄泻，小儿疳积，胆石症，石淋，砂淋，癓瘕经闭，喉痹乳蛾，牙疳口疮；
穿山甲：味咸，性微苦，归肝、胃经。具有活血通经，下乳，消痈之功。主治血瘀经闭，癓瘕，风湿痹痛，乳汁不下，臃肿，瘰疬。现代医学研究表明：穿山甲的提取物具有抗炎杀菌作用；
杏仁：味苦，性微温，归肺、大肠经。具有降气化痰，止咳平喘，润肠通便之功。主治外感咳嗽喘满，肠燥便秘。现代医学研究表明：杏仁中含有的苦杏仁甙成分不仅能止咳平喘，还具有抗击肿瘤的作用；
蜜麻黄：味辛、微苦，性温，归肺、膀胱经。具有发汗解表，宜肺平喘，利水消肿之功。主治风寒表实证，咳嗽气喘，风水，小便不利，风湿痹痛，肌肤不仁，风疹瘙痒，阴疽痰核。现代医学研究表明：麻黄所含主要成分是麻黄碱，麻黄碱能够收缩平滑肌，起到止咳平喘的作用。
本发明中药各原料合理搭配，科学组方，所含金银花清解血毒、疏散风热，紫花地丁清热解毒、燥湿凉血，生石膏清热泻火、除烦止渴，薏苡仁利湿健脾、清热排脓，草本威灵仙祛风除湿、清热解毒，浙贝母清热化痰、降气止咳、散结消肿，鸡内金软坚消积、活血化瘀，穿山甲活血消痈、解毒软坚，杏仁降气化痰、止咳平喘，蜜麻黄宜肺平喘、利水消肿。
本发明的中药专门用于治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大，金银花、紫花地丁、生石膏、薏苡仁、草本威灵仙、浙贝母具有消肿止痛、清热解毒的功效，炒鸡内金、穿山甲具有散结、促进肥大腺体萎缩的功效，杏仁、蜜麻黄具有宣肺、止咳的功效；将多种药物合理搭配，利用其相互间的协同或抵抗作用，提高疗效，以适应复杂病情的治疗要求，解决了现有药物治疗扁桃体炎起效慢、疗程长、容易反复的问题，同时能够促进肥大腺体萎缩，避免了扁桃体、腺样体肥大需手术切除的痛苦，减少不良反应，疗效显著持久，吸收快，奏效迅速，作用强，无刺激性，安全可靠，制备简单，服用方便，药源充足，价格适宜。经过多年临床应用验证，能够有效治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大，总有效率达96％。
(四)具体实施方式
实施例1：
称取金银花40克、紫花地丁40克、生石膏22.5克、薏苡仁40克、草本威灵仙7.5克、浙贝母22.5克、炒鸡内金22.5克、穿山甲7.5克、杏仁7.5克和蜜麻黄7.5克，将上述各原料粉碎成150-200目细粉后混合，即得该治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药。
用法用量：每日服用5-10g，分早、晚两次开水冲服，一个月为一疗程，一般2-3个疗程即可痊愈。
实施例2：
该治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药，其活性成分由以下重量的原料组成：
金银花30克、紫花地丁30克、生石膏15克、薏苡仁30克、草本威灵仙5克、浙贝母15克、炒鸡内金15克、穿山甲5克、杏仁5克和蜜麻黄5克。
制备方法与用法用量同实施例1。
实施例3：
该治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药，其活性成分由以下重量的原料组成：
金银花50克、紫花地丁50克、生石膏30克、薏苡仁50克、草本威灵仙10克、浙贝母30克、炒鸡内金30克、穿山甲10克、杏仁10克和蜜麻黄10克。
制备方法与用法用量同实施例1。
实施例4：
该治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药，其活性成分由以下重量的原料组成：
金银花35克、紫花地丁35克、生石膏18.5克、薏苡仁35克、草本威灵仙6.3克、浙贝母18.5克、炒鸡内金18.5克、穿山甲6.3克、杏仁6.2克和蜜麻黄6.2克。
制备方法与用法用量同实施例1。
实施例5：
该治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药，其活性成分由以下重量的原料组成：
金银花45克、紫花地丁45克、生石膏26克、薏苡仁45克、草本威灵仙8.8克、浙贝母26克、炒鸡内金26克、穿山甲8.8克、杏仁8.8克和蜜麻黄8.8克。
制备方法与用法用量同实施例1。
临床观察：
(1)临床资料
为了验证本中药的疗效，本发明人先后对门诊就诊的230例扁桃体炎患者、230例腺样体肥大的患者进行临床验证。
230例扁桃体炎患者中，女103例，男127例，年龄5-40岁，平均年龄26.7岁，病程1个月-3年，诊断后分为治疗组A 115例和对照组A 115例,两组患者的性别组成、年龄、病程无明显差异。
230例腺样体肥大患者中，女122例，男108例，年龄5-12岁，平均年龄7.3岁，病程6个月-2年，诊断后分为治疗组B 115例和对照组B 115例，两组患者的性别组成、年龄、病程无明显差异。
(2)诊断标准
扁桃体炎：咽部检查见扁桃体充血、肿大、表面有黄白色脓性分泌物，血常规检查白细胞、中性粒细胞增多，多伴有发热、恶寒、头晕等症状。
腺样体肥大：X射线侧位拍片检查可见肥大的腺样体，具体症状为：
a.鼻部症状：鼻堵，张口呼吸，睡眠时有鼾声，语言不清，带鼻音，鼻腔分泌物增多；
b.耳部症状：因咽鼓管被堵塞，引起耳部症状，可有耳鸣，耳流脓；
c.咽喉及下呼吸道症状：因鼻腔分泌物倒流，刺激咽喉部引起咳嗽，咽喉不适，常有上呼吸道感染和病发支气管炎；
d.上颔面部骨骼发育不良：由于长期张口呼吸，使上颔骨狭窄增长，硬腭狭窄，高拱，牙齿排列不齐，上唇后短，缺乏表情，张口呆傻。
(2)治疗方法
治疗组服用本发明所制中药，每日服用5-10g，分早、晚两次开水冲服，一个月为一疗程，服用2-3个疗程，对照组服用阿莫西林治疗。
(3)疗效判定标准
“治愈”：扁桃体无充血和脓点，肿大消失，腺样体肥大症状消失，血常规化验白细胞、中性粒细胞正常。
“显效”：扁桃体充血明显减轻，脓点消除，肿大减轻，腺样体肥大症状明显减轻，血常规化验趋于正常。
“有效”：扁桃体充血和脓点减轻，腺样体肥大症状减轻，扁桃体偶尔出现肿痛，血常规化验白血球稍高于正常值。
“无效”：扁桃体充血和脓点、肿大无明显变化，腺样体肥大症状无改善，血常规化验白血球高于正常值。
(5)治疗效果：见下表1
表1试验组和对照组治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的临床效果
| 组别 | 例数 | 治愈 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率 |
| 治疗组A | 115 | 71 | 29 | 11 | 4 | 96.5％ |
| 对照组A | 115 | 41 | 34 | 21 | 19 | 83.5％ |
| 治疗组B | 115 | 58 | 42 | 10 | 5 | 95.6％ |
| 对照组B | 115 | 9 | 17 | 11 | 78 | 32.2％ |
从表1中数据可以看到，本发明的中药治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的疗效显著。
(6)副作用及禁忌症
经过460例患者的临床应用，观察未发现明显毒副作用。孕妇及哺乳期妇女忌用。
典型病例：
病例1：张某，男，7岁，自小体弱多病，就诊时咽部检查见双侧扁桃体肿大化脓，X射线侧位拍片检查可见肥大的腺样体，平时吞咽困难，需用口呼吸，血常规检查白细胞、中性粒细胞增多，在医院确诊为扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大，屡治无效后服用本发明实施例1所制中药，每日服用5-10g，分早、晚两次开水冲服，一个月为一疗程，一个疗程后扁桃体炎症状消失，血常规检查白细胞、中性粒细胞正常，两个疗程后腺样体肥大减轻，三个疗程后治愈，至今未复发。
病例2：李某，女，23岁，反复发作性扁桃体炎3年，每因外感风寒即复发，吞咽困难，伴有发热、头晕等症状，患者不愿反复使用抗生素治疗，要求口服中药治疗，服用本发明实施例2所制中药，每日服用5-10g，分早、晚两次开水冲服，一个月为一疗程，两个疗程治愈，血常规检查白细胞、中性粒细胞正常，观察一年未复发。
病例3：韩某，男，15岁，自诉患慢性扁桃体炎两年多，常年干咳不止，吞咽食物时咽喉疼痛，咽部检查见扁桃体充血、肿大、表面有黄白色脓性分泌物。服用本发明实施例3所制中药，每日服用5-10g，分早、晚两次开水冲服，一个月为一疗程，一个疗程症状减轻，继续服用，两个疗程治愈，观察一年未复发。
病例4：兰某，女，8岁，就诊时X射线侧位拍片检查可见肥大的腺样体，讲话语言不清，带鼻音，鼻腔分泌物增多，据其父母讲述，睡眠时有鼾声，由于长期张口呼吸，使上颔骨狭窄增长，缺乏表情。服用本发明实施例5所制中药，每日服用5-10g，分早、晚两次开水冲服，一个月为一疗程，一个疗程腺样体肥大症状减轻，三个疗程治愈，至今未复发。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药，其特征是：其活性成分由以下重量份数的原料组成：金银花3-5份、紫花地丁3-5份、生石膏1.5-3份、薏苡仁3-5份、草本威灵仙0.5-1份、浙贝母1.5-3份、炒鸡内金1.5-3份、穿山甲0.5-1份、杏仁0.5-1份和蜜麻黄0.5-1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗扁桃体炎、腺样体肥大的中药，其特征是：其活性成分由以下重量份数的原料组成：金银花4份、紫花地丁4份、生石膏2.25份、薏苡仁4份、草本威灵仙0.75份、浙贝母2.25份、炒鸡内金2.25份、穿山甲0.75份、杏仁0.75份和蜜麻黄0.75份。
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