CN104536057A - Method for monitoring relative gravity of surface subsidence in coal mining process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring relative gravity of surface subsidence in the coal mining process. The physical geodesy measuring theory and the law of universal gravitation are adopted as theoretical bases, a gravity observation datum point is selected in a mine lot, a feature point is selected in the surface subsidence area or main coal seam section of coal mining and adopted as a monitoring point, and relative gravity between the monitoring point and the gravity observation datum point is monitored by stage according to the progress of a coal mining work face through a relative gravimeter; then, the gravity change value of the monitoring point between two adjacent stages is calculated, and the surface subsidence value of the monitoring point is calculated. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of being simple in monitoring essential data collecting instrument, high in measuring precision, accurate and reliable in monitoring result, efficient, easy and convenient to operate and the like. According to the method, values with geometrical significance can be provided, and certain physical mechanisms can be reflected, such as migration of underground materials and changing of surface elevation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for monitoring surface subsidence in a coal mining process, in particular to a method for monitoring relative gravity of the surface subsidence in the coal mining process.
Background
The surface subsidence that may be caused during coal mining will have a serious impact on the ecological environment of the mining area. The coal mining subsidence monitoring is a necessary task in the coal mining process, the completion of the task can reveal the basic law of coal mining subsidence, can be used for judging the mining influence degree of buildings and structures and the like, can timely maintain, reinforce and move the buildings or rebuild on site, and has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting safe production and normal production of mines, improving economic and technical benefits and the like.
How to timely and efficiently monitor the surface subsidence caused by the coal mine needs efficient monitoring means and technology.
In the prior art, the classical method for monitoring ground subsidence is mainly precise leveling measurement, and the satellite technology-based GPS, synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and three-dimensional laser scanning technologies are also gradually used for ground subsidence monitoring. The GPS can monitor the elevation change with high efficiency, but needs a data record for a long enough time and a special environment influence correction model to acquire millimeter-level observation accuracy; InSAR provides deformation of a two-dimensional surface of limited spatial resolution, but the accuracy is often degraded by spatial correction of SAR images, terrain effects, and atmospheric effects; the precise leveling is time-consuming and labor-consuming when the precise leveling obtains high-precision leveling data, especially when the area is large; the three-dimensional laser scanning technology has high measurement accuracy and high data acquisition rate, but the perspective condition of a view field needs to be considered when data are acquired, and in addition, due to the discontinuity of ground laser three-dimensional scanning sampling, a set deformation monitoring point can not be a sampling point of a laser scanner, so that the three-dimensional laser scanning technology is not suitable for coal mine subsidence monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a relative gravity monitoring method for surface subsidence in the coal mining process, which has the advantages of high monitoring efficiency, simple and convenient operation, high measurement precision and real and reliable monitoring result.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the method for monitoring the relative gravity of the ground surface subsidence in the coal mining process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting a gravity observation datum point in a mining area, selecting a characteristic point in a ground surface subsidence area of coal mining or on a main section of a coal bed as a monitoring point, and monitoring a relative gravity value of the monitoring point relative to the gravity observation datum point by stages by using a relative gravimeter according to the progress of a coal mining working surface;
secondly, selecting relative gravity values of two adjacent stages, subtracting the relative gravity value of the previous stage from the relative gravity value of the next stage, and calculating the gravity change value of the monitoring point between the two adjacent stages;
thirdly, using a relative gravimeter, firstly measuring a first gravity value at a zero height position of a monitoring point, then measuring a second gravity value at a unit height position above the monitoring point, and subtracting the first gravity value from the second gravity value to obtain a gravity value difference;
repeating the measurement of the first gravity value and the second gravity value for several times, and taking the average value of the obtained gravity difference values;
dividing the average value of the obtained gravity difference value by the value of the unit height to obtain the gravity gradient value of the monitoring point;
or,
placing the relative gravimeters at different height positions h of the support2、h1Measuring the relative gravity g of the upper and lower heights2、g1Calculating the gravity gradient value according to the following formula (4):
fourthly, calculating the surface subsidence value of the monitoring point according to the following formula (3):
in the above formula (3):
grad (g) is a gravitational vertical gradient;
g is a universal gravitation constant;
r is the distance between the center of mass of the mined coal and a monitoring point;
M0the weight of the coal extracted;
and delta g is the gravity change value of the monitoring point between two adjacent periods.
Preferably, the weight of the coal mined is obtained by weighing.
Further preferably, the weight of the coal mined is calculated according to the following formula (2):
in the above formula (2):
L2the coal seam mining width;
L1the coal seam mining length;
mthickness of coalFor exploiting the thickness of the coal seam;
rho is the coal bed density;
v is the advancing speed of the working face along the mining length direction of the coal seam.
Compared with a complicated and time-consuming leveling method, the arrangement of the gravity observation monitoring points is relatively free, visibility or visual field visibility is not required to be considered in the observation process, and the restriction of factors such as natural conditions, weather conditions and the like is small;
more importantly, the method for monitoring the relative gravity of the ground surface subsidence in the coal mining process can not only provide a geometric numerical value, but also reflect certain physical mechanisms (such as migration of underground substances and change of ground surface elevation); in the prior art, no matter GPS, leveling measurement or other observation technologies, the numerical values in the geometrical sense are given.
According to the method for monitoring the relative gravity of the coal mining settlement in the technical scheme, the observation precision of a relative gravimeter used for gravity measurement can reach 10-8m/s2The magnitude and the measurement precision are high (for example, a digital CG-5 relative gravimeter manufactured by Scintrex of Canada adopts a microprocessor device to realize automatic measurement, a sensor is a static-free fused quartz spring, and the design precision can reach 5 multiplied by 10-8m/s2Resolution of reading 1X 10-8m/s2) Therefore, the monitoring result has high accuracy, and is real and reliable;
moreover, because the monitoring process is simple, the data (items) to be measured are few, and the probability of accidental errors is relatively small. This further ensures the authenticity and accuracy of the monitoring results.
According to the coal mining sedimentation relative gravity monitoring method, the number of used tools is small, the operation in the monitoring process is very simple and convenient, one person can independently operate the monitoring process, the time of each monitoring point is short, and particularly when the area is large, the monitoring efficiency advantage of the relative gravity measuring method is very obvious.
In order to better understand the above technical solution, the following detailed description is provided for the working principle and the theoretical basis:
the change of the gravity of the ground monitoring station caused by coal mining subsidence mainly comprises the change of the gravity caused by the subsidence of the ground observation station and the change of the gravity of the ground observation station caused by the reduction of the underground mass after coal mining.
The gravity change and the elevation change in a general area are linearly and negatively correlated, and the interconversion between the gravity change and the elevation change can be realized through a gravity gradient value; the change in gravity due to the change in mass is proportional to the change in mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
In a coal mining area, there is no other mass change except for coal mining, and the gravity change of the surface monitoring point is caused by the combination of the mass reduction of underground coal and the elevation reduction of the surface.
According to the theory of physical geodetic measurement, under the condition that the mass is not changed, the gravity change is inversely proportional to the elevation change; on the premise of no elevation change, the change of gravity reflects underground mass migration;
according to newton's law of universal gravitation, the change in gravity should be proportional to the change in mass and inversely proportional to the distance.
Monitoring points A (x, y) are arranged on the ground surface of a coal mining area, the elevation settlement is positive (the settlement is set as positive value), and the weight (or the coal mining amount) of the mined coal is M0Then the change in gravity Δ g at point a is:
in the above formula (1):
grad (g) is a gravitational vertical gradient;
g is a universal gravitation constant;
rho is the coal bed density;
r is coal mining carbon center point (x)0,y0,z0) From the monitoring point (x, y, z), i.e. distance
△gHThe gravity change caused by the sinking of the earth surface observation station is obtained;
△gmthe gravity value of the surface observation station is changed due to the reduction of the underground quality after the coal seam is mined.
The weight of the extracted coal can be obtained by a coal weighing and metering mode;
or,
calculated by the following formula (2):
in the above formula (2):
L2the coal seam mining width;
L1the coal seam mining length;
mthickness of coalFor exploiting the thickness of the coal seam;
rho is the coal bed density;
v is the advancing speed of the working face along the mining length direction of the coal seam.
If the gravity measurement of a certain monitoring point is carried out, and the position and the mining amount of a mining area are known, the surface subsidence value of the monitoring point can be calculated by the formula (1):
based on the above principle, it can be seen that: and (3) distributing a gravity monitoring network consisting of a plurality of monitoring points according to the actual situation of the mining area, carrying out gravity measurement and coal mass weighing on each monitoring point in the coal mining process, and calculating the surface subsidence value of each monitoring point according to the formula (3).
In short, the relative gravity measurement is to determine the gravity difference between two positions, i.e. using a known gravity point as a reference, and using the gravity difference between the known gravity point and the unknown point to obtain the relative gravity value of the unknown point.
Compared with the prior art, the relative gravity monitoring method for the surface subsidence in the coal mining process has the advantages of simple monitoring basic data acquisition instrument, high measurement precision, accurate and reliable monitoring result, high efficiency and simplicity in operation and the like.
More importantly, the method for monitoring the relative gravity of the ground surface subsidence in the coal mining process can not only provide a geometric numerical value, but also reflect certain physical mechanisms (such as migration of underground substances and change of ground surface elevation); in the prior art, no matter GPS, leveling measurement or other observation technologies, the numerical values in the geometrical sense are given.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the gravity monitoring points of the present invention.
The notation in the figure is:
k: a gravity monitoring reference point;
rectangular ABDE area: a gob;
XOY: a rectangular coordinate system;
line segment DE: the working face advances to stop the production line;
measuring line 1: an observation line along the main section;
and (3) measuring a line 2: an observation line along the inclined main section;
line segment BC: length of working face;
line segment AB: width of the working surface.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, for example, in a coal mine, there is a gravity observation reference point K in the mine area, and the gravity value of the point is not changed. As shown in fig. 1, the work surface runs 1000 meters long, tending to 200 meters wide.
For simplicity, fig. 1 only shows the point location of monitoring points along the coal seam running to the main section and inclined to the main section. As shown in fig. 1, there are 47 total gravity monitoring points in the figure.
For the first two-phase monitoring of relative gravity, for example, the relative gravimeter is used to monitor the gravity monitoring point once before face mining and once again when the face is advanced about 240 meters, as shown by line DE.
Secondly, calculating the gravity change value of the monitoring points of the two adjacent stages (see the following table 1)
Table 1: gravity change value (unit 10) of each monitoring point-8m/s2)
| Monitoring Point numbering | 9 | 25 | 41 | 57 | 73 | 89 | 105 | 121 | 137 | 153 | 169 |
| Value of change of gravity | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 |
| Monitoring Point numbering | 185 | 201 | 217 | 233 | 249 | 257 | 258 | 259 | 260 | 261 | 269 |
| Value of change of gravity | -2 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 |
| Monitoring Point numbering | 270 | 271 | 272 | 262 | 263 | 264 | 265 | 266 | 267 | 268 | 281 |
| Value of change of gravity | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -3 | -3 | 3 |
| Monitoring Point numbering | 297 | 313 | 329 | 345 | 361 | 377 | 393 | 409 | 425 | 441 | 457 |
| Value of change of gravity | 19 | 57 | 124 | 214 | 303 | 362 | 368 | 318 | 232 | 140 | 68 |
| Monitoring Point numbering | 473 | 489 | 505 | ||||||||
| Value of change of gravity | 25 | 5 | -2 |
And thirdly, selecting some monitoring points in the area to measure the gravity gradient value because the coal mine area is small and the change of the gravity vertical gradient of the area is not large, and averaging to obtain the gravity vertical gradient value of the area. Namely, a relative gravimeter is used, a first gravity value is firstly measured at the zero height position of the position of a monitoring point, a second gravity value is then measured at a certain unit height position above the position of the monitoring point, and the first gravity value is subtracted from the second gravity value to obtain a gravity value difference; repeating the measurement of the first gravity value and the second gravity value for several times, and taking the average value of the obtained gravity difference values; dividing the average value of the obtained gravity difference value by the value of the unit height to obtain the gravity gradient value of the monitoring point;
or,
placing the relative gravimeters at different height positions h of the support2、h1Measuring the relative gravity g of the upper and lower heights2、g1Calculating the gravity gradient value according to the following formula (4):
the gravity gradient value of the area is about 0.3086mGal/m after multiple measurements.
Fourthly, calculating the surface subsidence value of the monitoring point according to the following formula (3):
in the above formula (3):
grad (g) is a gravitational vertical gradient, with a value of about 0.3086mGal/m, as determined by the third step;
g is universal gravitation constant, and is 6.67259 multiplied by 10-11Nm2/kg2；
R is the distance between the center of mass of the mined coal and a monitoring point, and the position of the center of mass of the mined coal continuously moves along with the propulsion of the working face, so that R is related to the propulsion position of the working face;
M0the weight of the coal extracted;
Δ g is the change in gravity between two adjacent phases of the monitoring point (see table 1 for details).
A method of monitoring relative gravity to surface subsidence during coal mining as claimed in claim 1 wherein the weight of coal mined is obtained by means of weighing.
A method of monitoring relative gravity to surface subsidence during coal mining as claimed in claim 1 wherein the weight of coal mined is calculated according to the following equation (2):
in the above formula (2):
L2the mining width of the coal seam is 200 meters;
L1the length of the coal seam is advanced to about 240 meters;
mthickness of coalThe thickness of the mined coal seam is 3.67 meters;
rho is the density of the coal bed is 1.2 multiplied by 103kg/m3；
v is the advancing speed of the working face along the mining length direction of the coal seam.
From the above, when the working face advances 240 meters, the coal mining mass is about 21.14 ten thousand tons according to the coal weighing or the formula (2), so that the gravity change value caused by coal mining can be calculated, and further the sinking value of each monitoring point required by the fourth step can be obtained (see table 2 below).
Table 2: the calculated sinking value of each gravity monitoring point in the embodiment is compared with the sinking value measured by the leveling method
(unit: mm)
| Monitoring Point numbering | 9 | 25 | 41 | 57 | 73 | 89 | 105 | 121 | 137 | 153 | 169 |
| This example | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Leveling measurements | -1 | 1 | -2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -2 | -4 | 3 | 5 | -4 |
| Monitoring Point numbering | 185 | 201 | 217 | 233 | 249 | 257 | 258 | 259 | 260 | 261 | 269 |
| This example | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Leveling measurements | -3 | 2 | -3 | 4 | 6 | -4 | -3 | 5 | 1 | 4 | -8 |
| Monitoring Point numbering | 270 | 271 | 272 | 262 | 263 | 264 | 265 | 266 | 267 | 268 | 281 |
| This example | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 24.0 |
| Leveling measurements | -8 | 5 | 7 | -3 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 8.0 | 5 | 34 |
| Monitoring Point numbering | 297 | 313 | 329 | 345 | 361 | 377 | 393 | 409 | 425 | 441 | 457 |
| This example | 78.1 | 201.8 | 419.8 | 712.7 | 1004.8 | 1195.8 | 1214.6 | 1054.1 | 774.4 | 474.0 | 237.7 |
| Leveling measurements | 74 | 207 | 411 | 718 | 1011 | 1191 | 1208 | 1050 | 771 | 479 | 230 |
| Monitoring Point numbering | 473 | 489 | 505 | ||||||||
| This example | 96.1 | 31.0 | 7.9 | ||||||||
| Leveling measurements | 102 | 34 | 10 |
In order to verify the reliability of the present invention, leveling was performed with four equal leveling monitoring points, compared to the observed values of the present invention, and statistics of the residuals of all monitoring points were calculated (see table 3 below for details).
Table 3: statistical table of residual values between the results obtained in this example and those obtained in leveling
| Statistics | MAX | MIN | MEAN | RMS | STD |
| Residual error (mm) | 9.3 | -10.0 | -0.1 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
As can be seen from Table 3 above, the maximum residual MAX between the results obtained in this example and those obtained by leveling is 9.3mm, the minimum residual MIN is-10 mm, and both the root mean square RMS and the standard deviation STD are less than 5 mm.
According to the relevant provisions of coal mining, the point at which the surface subsidence reaches 10mm is considered as the boundary point of the mobile basin, i.e. the point at which subsidence begins.
Thus, with respect to leveling, the gravity measurements of the present invention yield a sag value that is substantially consistent with the leveling measurement.
Claims (3)
1. A relative gravity monitoring method for surface subsidence in a coal mining process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a gravity observation datum point in a mining area, selecting a characteristic point in a ground surface subsidence area of coal mining or on a main section of a coal bed as a monitoring point, and monitoring a relative gravity value of the monitoring point relative to the gravity observation datum point by stages by using a relative gravimeter according to the progress of a coal mining working surface;
secondly, selecting relative gravity values of two adjacent stages, subtracting the relative gravity value of the previous stage from the relative gravity value of the next stage, and calculating the gravity change value of the monitoring point between the two adjacent stages;
thirdly, using a relative gravimeter, firstly measuring a first gravity value at a zero height position of a monitoring point, then measuring a second gravity value at a unit height position above the monitoring point, and subtracting the first gravity value from the second gravity value to obtain a gravity value difference;
repeating the measurement of the first gravity value and the second gravity value for several times, and taking the average value of the obtained gravity difference values;
dividing the average value of the obtained gravity difference value by the value of the unit height to obtain the gravity gradient value of the monitoring point;
or,
placing the relative gravimeters at different height positions h of the support2、h1Measuring the relative gravity g of the upper and lower heights2、g1Calculating the gravity gradient value according to the following formula (4):
fourthly, calculating the surface subsidence value of the monitoring point according to the following formula (3):
in the above formula (3):
grad (g) is a gravitational vertical gradient;
g is a universal gravitation constant;
r is the distance between the center of mass of the mined coal and a monitoring point;
M0the weight of the coal extracted;
and delta g is the gravity change value of the monitoring point between two adjacent periods.
2. A method of monitoring relative gravity to surface subsidence during coal mining as claimed in claim 1 wherein the weight of coal mined is obtained by means of weighing.
3. A method of monitoring relative gravity to surface subsidence during coal mining as claimed in claim 1 wherein the weight of coal mined is calculated according to the following equation (2):
in the above formula (2):
L2the coal seam mining width;
L1the coal seam mining length;
mthickness of coalFor exploiting the thickness of the coal seam;
rho is the coal bed density;
v is the advancing speed of the working face along the mining length direction of the coal seam.
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| CN106908031A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-30 | 黑龙江科技大学 | The monitoring method of the relative gravity of subsidence in a kind of process of coal mining |
| CN107219560A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-29 | 西安科技大学 | Mine worked-out section deflection and stability assessment method based on gravity anomaly |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106436780A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-02-22 | 北京市地质调查研究院 | Method for detecting underground space in non-leap type through gravity |
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| CN106908031B (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-11-01 | 黑龙江科技大学 | The monitoring method of the relative gravity of subsidence in a kind of process of coal mining |
| CN107219560A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-29 | 西安科技大学 | Mine worked-out section deflection and stability assessment method based on gravity anomaly |
| CN107219560B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2018-03-16 | 西安科技大学 | Mine worked-out section deflection and stability assessment method based on gravity anomaly |
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