CN104526114B - 一种金属构件埋弧堆焊成形方法 - Google Patents
一种金属构件埋弧堆焊成形方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104526114B CN104526114B CN201410617509.0A CN201410617509A CN104526114B CN 104526114 B CN104526114 B CN 104526114B CN 201410617509 A CN201410617509 A CN 201410617509A CN 104526114 B CN104526114 B CN 104526114B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910000679 solders Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000758 substrates Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 229910052751 metals Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002184 metals Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001081830 Degeneriaceae Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
Abstract
Description
一种金属构件埋弧堆焊成形方法
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及一种金属构件埋弧堆焊成形方法。
背景技术
[0002]目前,重型设备行业关键构件如核电、石化行业压力容器所用低合金高强度钢、耐 热合金材料,冶金辊子钢、电站转子钢等构件材料主要采用铸锻技术实现,使用数百吨级大 型钢锭冶炼、铸造和万吨液压机等重型锻造工业装备锻压成形,并辅以最终机加工。该传统 方法基本能够满足技术质量要求,但制造工序繁多、生产周期长、材料利用率低,导致构件 成本局昂;另一方面,囿于铸造技术和锻造压机吨位的限制,大型设备如核电、石化容器主 要采用分段锻制后再多段组焊的方式解决,铸锻工艺的问题将直接影响了后续的焊接和机 加工,因此造成整体工艺复杂、化学与力学性能控制难度大,质量稳定性差,废品率高的缺 点。同时现有的这种制造工艺组合也难以满足新型产品快速研制和批量生产的进度要求。 [0003]埋弧堆焊技术,作为最基本埋弧增材制造方法之一,由于其生产效率高,堆焊质量 好等优点,在各行业包括容器分段筒体组焊,辊子钢的堆焊修复,以及特殊件内壁堆焊不锈 钢工艺等方面被广泛应用。但对于希望利用该技术在大型工件快速增材制造,也即直接埋 弧堆焊成形方面,由于诸多工艺难点还鲜有实际应用。这些难点包括整体系统设备的设计 制造;对应成形工件的焊丝和焊剂的研发和制备;以及最重要的,攻克重型金属构件大尺寸 和复杂形状的埋弧堆焊成形过程中裂纹、气孔、化学偏析等。如何研发并稳定成熟埋弧增材 制造工艺,满足要求越来越高的各行业重型金属构件的力学和化学性能是一个重大的课 题。
发明内容
[0004] 有鉴于此,本发明的主要目的在于,提供一种高效、具有良好力学性能的金属构件 埋弧增材制造方法。
[0005] 本发明的金属构件埋弧堆焊成形方法为:将焊接电源的两极分别接至焊枪和基 材,同步输送颗粒状焊剂及金属焊丝于基材表面,接通电源,焊丝在焊剂覆盖下与基材之间 产生电弧,使焊丝及基材表面局部熔化,在基材表面形成熔池,持续输送焊丝与焊剂,根据 零件数模数据控制焊枪与基材的相对移动轨迹,实现在基材上逐层堆焊沉积,成形出金属 构件。
[0006]在本发明中,根据成形金属构件材料不同,制备所需焊丝,根据成形金属构件材料 不同,直径为2mm〜8mm。焊剂由氧化物、或者、氧化物与卤化物、或者、氧化物与卤化物及金 属粉末组成,在成形过程中参与熔池元素反应,调整熔池中合金元素,改善成形工件的力学 性能,降低生产成本。
[0007] 在本发明中,所使用的电源是直流电源或交流电源,在使用直流电源时,所述焊丝 接正极或负极,根据焊丝直径的不同,电流为200A〜2000A,电压为20V〜50V。
[0008] 在本发明中,根据成形工件材料和尺寸要求,对基材或焊层进行加热或冷却,控制 基材或焊层的温度为100〜400°C,从而获得晶粒细密、无宏观偏析、组织均匀的材料,极大 的改善成形工件的塑性、韧性和高温蠕变等力学性能,另外高温熔池对下一层热影响区沉 积金属层进行热处理,工件逐层进行自回火热处理,晶粒更为细密,组织更为稳定。
[0009]在本发明中,根据成形金属构件的尺寸、形状和效率要求,焊枪的数量为 个,多焊枪排布时,相邻焊枪间距为50〜500mm。
[0010]在本发明中,基材用于为构件成形提供工装支撑,其尺寸、形状按照堆焊金属要求 设计制作,厚度不小于5mm;另外根据生产要求不同,基材可选用与堆焊金属相同或不同的 材料,在金属堆焊完成后,基材可予以保留作为成形构件一部分或通过后续机加工去除。 [0011]本发明的方法可用于 SA508-3、SA387F22、SA182Fll、12%Cr、316LN、3.5% 附〇]«〇¥、3_5附1^〇¥、3〇〇2呢41«〇¥或2402呢謂〇1¥材料构件的成形制造。
[0012]本发明的金属构件埋弧增材制造方法可用于反应堆压力容器、电站转子、加氢反 应器筒体、核电站蒸发器筒体、核电站压力容器筒体或核电站稳压器筒体的成形制造。
[0013]本发明摆脱了复杂的工装、模具和专用工具的约束,成形即为近净形坯件,生产后 只需少量精加工,大大简化加工工序,缩短产品周期;所成形工件具有媲美传统锻造工艺的 力学和化学性能,强度、韧性、耐蚀等性能均十分突出;本发明的方法可用于各行业重型金 属构件如低合金钢、耐热钢、不镑钢、镍基合金材料的成形与生产。
附图说明
[0014] 图1为用于说明金属构件埋弧堆焊方法的示意图;
[0015] 图2为用于说明实施例1中的制造方法的示意图;
[0 016]图3为用于说明实施例2中的制造方法的示意图;
[0017] 图4为用于说明实施例3中的制造方法的示意图;
[0018] 图5为用于说明实施例4中的制造方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
[0019]图1为金属构件埋弧增材制造方法的示意说明图。图中部件是示意性的,其实际形 状与尺寸关系等不受图示限制。
[0020]结合图1,该制备方法是将焊丝1熔化而逐层(图丨中所示为堆积至第N层时的状态) 堆焊在基材2上,从而最终形成所需的金属构件。如图丨所示,在本实施方式中,送丝机构5经 由焊枪6向金属制的基材2—侧的成形部位不断输送焊丝丨(具体成分根据所要形成的材料 材质等设定),其上覆盖颗粒状焊剂3 (使用送粉机构4向成形部位输送),焊枪6 (焊丝丨)与基 材2接电源12两极,成形时电源电压使焊丝丨(的端部)与基材2之间形成电弧产生电弧热,电 弧热使焊丝、焊剂恪化,在基材表面形成恪池,控制送丝机构5和送粉机构4持续输送焊丝1 与焊剂3,并控制焊枪e与基材2相对移动和基材2温度,使熔池凝固并逐层堆焊沉积在基材2 上,最终实现金属构件埋弧堆焊增材制造成形。
[0021]另外,控制装置(计算机)根据零件数模(数值模拟)数据控制焊枪与基材的相对移 动轨迹。
[0022]在本发明中,焊丝丨根据不同材料要求特殊制备,形态可以是圆棒状、带状,直径设 定为2〜8mm,具体可根据成形金属构件材料不同来设定。
[0023]在本发明中,焊剂3覆盖在熔池上,使用焊剂3的作用包括:覆盖电弧,防止电弧飞 派;覆盖熔池11,隔绝空气,使熔池金属免受空气中氧、氮、氢等的侵害;对熔池金属形成保 温;冶金反应过程中去除杂质、掺入合金;形成的渣池以机械方式保护堆焊金属10良好成形 等。
[0024] 在本发明逐层成形的过程中,焊丝在下层金属表面形成熔池,熔滴以射流形态进 入熔池后凝固使两层金属形成一体,实现分层成形,整体融合,保证了所形成材料的整体质 量。根据成形材料的不同,控制基材2或堆焊金属预热(或冷却)使层间温度为1〇〇〜45(TC, 实现熔池快速冷却,细化晶粒,并且高温熔池对下一层热影响区沉积金属层进行热处理,逐 层进行自回火热处理,晶粒更为细密,组织更为稳定。采用本实施方式的制备方法成形的金 属构件材料,无宏观化学偏析、综合力学性能良好且无方向性、晶粒细密,达到7级以上。 [0025] 采用本实施方式的制备方法,原料丝利用率接近100% ;相比现有的加工技术(锻 造、铸造等),制造工序少(不需要复杂的热处理),周期短,效率高,超低碳超细晶高强度钢 材料的机械加工余量非常小,同时减少了精加工时间及节约了大量的材料。本发明的方法 可用于SA508-3、SA387F22、SA182Fll、12%Cr、316LN、3.5%NiCrMoV、3.5NiMoV、 30Cr2Ni4MoV或24Cr2NilMolV材料构件的成形制造。另外,可用于反应堆压力容器、电站转 子、加氢反应器筒体、核电站蒸发器筒体、核电站压力容器筒体或核电站稳压器筒体的成形 制造。
[0026]【实施例1】
[0027] 法兰盘的卧式制作。本实例描述通过埋弧堆焊成形方法制作法兰的过程,材料为 40Cr,基材材料Q235,所使用的设备包括:
[0028] (1)回转支撑台;⑵电源;⑶焊枪;⑷自动送丝装置;⑸焊剂自动输送与回收装 置;⑹加热装置;⑺冷却装置;⑻基材;⑼中央控制装置(计算机)。
[0029]图2为用于表示本实施例的埋弧增材制造方法的示意性说明图,图中省略了电源、 自动送丝装置等装置。如图2所示,焊丝101特殊制备,C元素:0 • 〇9_0.10%,其它元素按照 5八508〇13(:11要求,直径41]1111,数量2个(8卩焊枪4013、40113,下面说明中统称为焊枪401),焊剂 为核电用烧结焊剂SJ603,电源为直流电源,焊枪401 (焊丝101)接电源负极,基材201接电源 正极(提高成形效率),工艺参数为:电流700A,电压35V,焊枪401与基材201相对移动速度 500〜600mm/min,采用金属构件埋弧增材制造方法制作环形金属构件,其实施步骤如下: [0030] (1)将圆筒形的基材2〇1的轴线竖直配置,支撑在回转支撑台上,2个焊枪401 (40la、40lb)布置在基材201的上方,调整好每个焊枪401与基材201表面(外周面)的距离, 选取焊接的起点;
[0031] (2)将焊丝101与焊剂301送至基材201表面,启动电源,导入高能热源,熔化焊丝 101及焊剂301,同时转动基材2〇1 (以图中X轴为中心转动),开始每个焊枪401第一层第一道 海一层由轴向排列的多道构成)的沉积;
[0032] (3)当焊枪401与焊接起点之间形成一段距离后,开始启动焊剂回收装置(未示出) 将其未熔化的焊剂301收回,露出渣壳并将其清除,以便于下一道的沉积(堆积);随后启动 冷却装置或加热装置对沉积金属进行冷却或加热,将其基体(第一层时是指基材201,其他 层时是指前一层堆积金属)的温度控制在200〜30(TC ;
[0033] ⑷当基材201转动一圈完成第一道沉积时,在控制装置的控制下,所有焊枪401同 时往左直线移动3/4熔道宽度距离,同时调整各焊枪401与基材2〇1的表面之间的距离,以保 证焊接的稳定性,之后开始第一层第二道的沉积成形,此过程中要保证其左右圈道间搭接 良好;
[0034] ⑸当第二道完成后,重复步骤⑷再完成其它的沉积道的成形;本实施例中,法兰 左侧台阶部的厚度小于右侧台阶部的厚度,因而左侧的焊枪4〇la先于右侧的焊枪401a完成 一层沉积,此时,在中央控制装置的控制下,焊枪4〇la停止,而焊枪401b继续向左移动。
[0035] (6)当完成第一层的沉积后,所有焊枪401自动提升一层沉积厚度(即层后)之高 度,开始第二层的第一道沉积,第一层焊枪401的结束点即为第二层第一道的开始点,连续 沉积;
[0036] 〇〇当第二层第一道沉积完成后,所有焊枪401同时往右直线移动3/4熔道距离,同 时各焊枪401自动调整其与基材之间的距离,以保证成形的稳定性,开始第二层第二道的沉 积,使其左右圈道间搭接良好;
[0037] (8)当完成第二层第二道沉积完成时,重复步骤(7),再完成其它的沉积道,以至完 成第二层的沉积;
[0038] (9)重复步骤(6)至步骤(8),再完成其它沉积层,此过程中,相邻沉积层焊枪的移 动方向相反,最终连续沉积形成法兰。
[0039]【实施例2】
[0040] 本实例描述通过卧式埋弧增材制造方法制作CPR1000核电站核电常规岛整体低压 转子,材料30Cr2Ni4MoV,基材选用42CrMo棒材,所使用的设备包括:
[0041] (1)回转支撑台;
[0042] ⑵焊接电源;
[0043] ⑶焊枪;
[0044] ⑷自动送丝装置;
[0045] ⑸辅料自动输送与辅料自动回收装置;
[0046] ⑹加热装置;
[0047] ⑺冷却装置;
[0048] ⑻基材;
[0049] ⑼控制装置。
[0050]图2为用于表示本实施例的埋弧增材制造方法的示意性说明图,图中省略了电源、 自动送丝装置等装置。材料电源参数如下:
[0051] 1)选用焊丝102、直径3臟,c含量0 • 15-0 • 18,其它元素依据30Cr2Ni4MoV要求;
[0052] 2) 21 个焊枪602;
[0053] 3)电源为直流电源,采用焊枪602接电源正极,基材2〇2接电源负极;
[00M] 4)焊接工艺参数为:电流6〇〇A,电压30V,焊枪602与基材202相对移动速度400〜 500mm/min;
[0055] t基材2〇2为42CrMo棒材,直径200mm,长13米。
[0056]采用金属构件埋弧增材制造方法制作构件,其实施步骤如下:
[0057] 将基材202的轴线水平配置,并支撑在支撑滚轮架402上,先将21个焊枪6〇2以 500mm的间距(通过中央控制装置精确定位和排布)平均横向布置在基材2〇2的上方,且调整 好每个焊枪与基材202表面(外周面)的距离,并选取焊接的起点;
[0058] ⑵将焊丝1〇2与焊剂302送至基材202表面,启动电源,导入高能热源,熔化焊丝及 焊剂,同时转动基材202,开始每个焊枪第一层第一道(每一层由轴向排列的多道构成)的沉 积;
[0059] (3)当焊枪602与焊接起点之间形成一段距离后,开始启动焊剂302回收装置将其 未熔化的焊剂302收回,露出渣壳并将其清除,以便于下一道的沉积(堆积);随后启动冷却 装置或加热装置对沉积金属进行冷却或加热,将其基体(第一层时是指基材202,其他层时 是指前一层堆积金属)的温度控制在200〜300°C ;
[0060] ⑷当基材202转动一圈完成第一道沉积时,在控制装置的控制下,所有焊枪602同 时往左直线移动3/4熔道宽度距离,同时调整各焊枪602与基材202的表面之间的距离,以保 证焊接的稳定性,之后开始第一层第二道的沉积成形,此过程中要保证其左右圈道间搭接 良好;
[0061] ⑸当第二道完成后,重复步骤⑷再完成其它的增材成形,当达到最后一道时,其 相邻焊枪602的最后一道结束点与第一道起点要搭接良好,以至完成第一层的沉积;
[0062] (6)当完成第一层的沉积后,所有焊枪602自动提升一层沉积厚度(即层后)之高 度,第一层焊枪6〇2的结束点即为第二层第一道的开始点,重复(1)-(4)的操作完成第二层 的堆积;
[0063] ⑺重复⑹的操作沿CAD切片轨迹完成需要层数堆积,使工件初步成为一个轴体;
[00M] (8)对图示工件形状(轴体上的突起),中央控制装置按照CAD切片轨迹,确定后续 参与堆积焊枪602,并控制各焊枪602重新排布和定位;
[0065] ⑼按照转子构件的CAD切片轨迹操作,并适时控制特定焊枪6〇2工作与停止,对工 作焊枪602按照⑴至步骤(7),完成其它沉积层,最终连续沉积形成转子钢材料。
[0066]成形后,机加工去除基材202即获得所需低压转子材料。
[0067] 采用本实施例,由于是多个(21个)焊枪602并排排布成形,因而,能够提高成形效 率,该方法也适应于各类空心轴的生产。
[0068]【实施例3】
[0069] 本实例通过埋弧增材制造的方法立式成形锥形工件。工件材质为RCC-M标准 18MnD5,基材材质吸35,本实施例中使用的设备包括,
[0070] ⑴回转支撑台;⑵电源;⑶焊枪;⑷自动送丝装置;⑸焊剂自动输送与回收装 置;⑹挡焊剂装置;⑺加热装置;⑻冷却装置;⑼基材;⑽控制装置。
[0071] 图4为表示本实施例的埋弧增材制造方法的示意性说明图,为简化计,图中将设备 予以省略。选用参数为:丝棒直径3mm,化学成分C: 0 • 12-0.14%,其余元素按照18MnD5要求, 辅料为标准熔炼焊剂SJ101,设置焊接电流600A,焊接电压30V,焊枪403 (焊丝)接正极,基材 203接负极,送丝速度l〇〇〇mm/min,旋转线速度350mm。
[0072] 具体实施如下:
[0073]⑴将基材2〇3固定在回转支撑台上似〇轴为中心转动),选取埋弧增材制造即焊 接起点,同时开启焊剂输送装置送料3〇3,开始第一层第一道圆环的熔道堆敷;
[0074] (2)待将焊丝103堆敷一段熔道以后,一般距焊枪403400〜50〇111111距离开始启动焊 剂3〇3回收装置将其未熔化的焊剂收回再利用,同时去除渣壳开始开启冷却装置进行冷却, 将道间温度控制在150〜300 °C之间,待下一圈焊接堆敷;
[G075] ⑶待第一圈焊接堆敷闭合时,立即启动焊枪403的移动,其从外往里(如图中Y方 向所示,g卩,向内周侧移动)缓慢移动,配合着回转支撑台使焊枪403在基材203上成水平螺 旋轨迹进行焊接堆敷,直至达到构件的壁厚; t0076] (4)当焊枪移动到螺旋轨迹最后点时,停止螺旋移动,开始圆形移动(保证工件的 圆度)焊接堆积,如此完成第一层的熔堆;
[0077] (5)当第一层完成熔堆时,焊枪的自动调高系统检测到焊枪与熔堆金属间的距离 跟设定值进行比较进行自动调整焊枪的高度,并调节焊枪从里往外(外周侧)缓慢移动,以 至形成往外螺旋移动轨迹,同时开始进行下一层的焊接堆积;
[0078] ⑹重复上述步骤⑴-⑸,完成第二层焊接堆积;
[0079] ⑺反复上述过程,奇数层焊枪从外往里移动,偶数层焊枪从里往外移动进行逐层 熔堆,最终获得一个完整的工件503。
[0080] 另外,成形过程中,挡焊剂装置603随着工件的生长逐渐升高。
[0081] 本实施例,采用埋弧增材制造方法成形了锥形工件,并且展示了立式成形的方式。
[0082] 【实施例4】
[0083]本实例描述通过卧式埋弧增材制造方法制作AP1000核电蒸发器筒体(上筒体连锥 形段连下筒体)整体的成形过程,传统工艺中该筒体内壁堆焊厚度约8mm的308不锈钢层,蒸 发器筒体壁厚约150mm,所使用的设备包括:
[0084] (1)回转支撑台;
[0085] ⑵电源;
[0086] ⑶焊枪;
[0087] ⑷自动送丝装置;
[0088] (5)焊剂自动输送与回收装置;
[0089] ⑹加热装置;
[0090] ⑺冷却装置;
[0091] ⑻基材;
[0092] ⑼中央控制装置。
[0093]图2为用于表示本实施例的埋弧增材制造方法的示意性说明图,图中省略了电源、 自动送丝装置等装置。材料电源参数如下:
[0094] 1)特殊制备的焊丝104(C:0.12-0.14%,其它元素与SA508-3—致)、直径5mm;
[0095] 2)核电用烧结焊剂SJ105HR;
[0096] 3)焊枪数量:34个焊枪604 (并未全部示出),电源为直流电源,采用焊枪604接电源 负极,基材204接电源正极;
[0097] 4)焊接工艺参数为:焊接电流900A,焊接电压42V,焊枪604与基材204相对移动速 度600〜700mm/min (溶池移动速度)。
[0098]采用金属构件埋弧增材制造方法制作环形金属构件,其实施步骤如下:
[00"] (1)将圆筒形的基材2〇4的轴线水平配置,并支撑在回转支撑台上,将34个焊枪以 约5〇Omm的间距(中央控制装置确定精确位置和移动)平均横向布置在基材204的上方,且调 整好每个焊枪与基材204表面(外周面)的距离,并选取焊接的起点;
[0100] (2)将焊丝104与焊剂304送至基材204表面,启动电源,导入高能热源,熔化原料丝 材及辅料,同时转动基材204,开始每个焊枪第一层第一道(每一层由轴向排列的多道构成) 的沉积;
[0101] (3)当焊枪604与焊接起点之间形成一段距离后,开始启动焊剂回收装置将其未熔 化的焊剂收回,露出渣壳并将其清除,以便于下一道的沉积(堆积);随后启动冷却装置或加 热装置对沉积金属进行冷却或加热,将其基体(第一层时是指基材204,其他层时是指前一 层堆积金属)的温度控制在200〜300°C ;
[0102] (4)当基材204转动一圈完成第一道沉积时,在控制装置的控制下,所有焊枪604同 时往左直线移动3/4熔道宽度距离,同时调整各焊枪604尤其是通过中央控制调整编号18-22五个焊枪与基材2〇4的表面之间的距离,以保证焊接的稳定性,之后开始第一层第二道的 沉积成形,此过程中要保证其左右圈道间搭接良好;
[0103] ⑸当第二道完成后,重复步骤⑷再完成其它的沉积成形,当达到最后一道时,其 相邻焊枪的最后一道结束点与第一道起点要搭接良好,以至完成第一层的沉积;
[0104] ⑹当完成第一层的沉积后,所有焊枪自动提升一层沉积厚度(g卩层后)之高度,开 始第二层的第一道沉积,第一层焊枪的结束点即为第二层第一道的开始点,连续沉积;
[0105] (7)当第二层第一道沉积完成后,所有焊枪同时往右直线移动3/4熔道距离,同时 各焊枪自动调整其与基材之间的距离,以保证焊接的稳定性,开始第二层第二道的沉积,使 其左右圈道间搭接良好;
[0106] ⑻当完成第二层第二道沉积完成时,重复步骤(7),再完成其它的沉积道,当达到 最后一道时,其相邻焊枪的最后一道结束点与第一道起点要搭接良好,以至完成第二层的 沉积;
[0107] (9)重复步骤(6)至步骤(8),再完成其它沉积层,此过程中,相邻沉积层焊枪的移 动方向可以相反,最终连续沉积形成整个金属构件。
[0108] 焊接成形后,不锈钢基材204成为了蒸发器筒体的一部分,实现了异种材料直接连 接成形,从而改变了传统工艺在锻造SA508-3筒体后再在其内壁堆焊308不锈钢的制造方 式,减少了工艺工序,提高了工作效率和质量,也可用普通碳钢在后续机加工中去除。
[0109]按照传统锻造工艺,蒸发器筒体分为6段(见背景技术),分别锻制再整体组焊而 成,而本实施例由于是多个(34个)焊枪并排排布整体成形,极大的提高了成形效率;自然也 可以根据客户要求调整焊枪数量和排布,分段成形。
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DE3005598A1 (de) * | 1980-02-15 | 1981-08-20 | Blohm Voss Ag | Verfahren fuer den folgerichtigen ablauf einer auftragsschweissung auf rotierenden werkstuecken |
CS248071B1 (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1987-01-15 | Pavol Blaskovic | Apparatus for electrospark welding on of the rolling mill staand rollers |
CN102430839B (zh) * | 2011-09-28 | 2014-04-09 | 常州宝菱重工机械有限公司 | 一种堆焊复合矫直辊的制作方法 |
CN102990195A (zh) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-03-27 | 常州蓝翼飞机装备制造有限公司 | 大型换热器管板耐蚀层堆焊工艺 |
CN104526114B (zh) * | 2014-11-04 | 2017-08-25 | 南方增材科技有限公司 | 一种金属构件埋弧堆焊成形方法 |
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2014
- 2014-11-04 CN CN201410617509.0A patent/CN104526114B/zh active IP Right Grant
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