CN104524435A - 一种治疗心绞痛的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种治疗心绞痛的中药制剂及其制备方法,其特征在于按照重量份数计,由以下中药原料配制而成:三七25~35份、丹参25~35份、党参25~35份、生地20~25份、甘草20~25份、没药10~20份、郁金20~25份、金樱子10~20份、旱芹3~5份、紫草3~5份、延胡索20~25份、合欢皮20~25份、五灵脂1~2份、知母3~5份、泽泻5~10份和桑皮3~5份。本发明的优点在于所使用的中药符合中华人民共和国药典规定,药物安全可靠。诸药相和具有活血化瘀、扶正培本、收敛固涩、止血定痛等功效,治疗心绞痛具有疗效确切、见效快、治愈率高、无副作用等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种治疗心绞痛的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
心绞痛是冠状动脉供血不足导致心肌急剧的、暂时缺血与缺氧所引起的,以发作性胸痛或胸部不适为主要表现的临床综合征;特点为前胸阵发性、压榨性疼痛,可伴有其他症状,疼痛主要位于胸骨后部,可放射至心前区与左上肢,劳动或情绪激动时常发生,每次发作持续3~5分钟,可数日一次,也可一日数次,休息或用硝酸酯制剂后消失。本病多见于男性,多数40岁以上,劳累、情绪激动、饱食、受寒、阴雨天气、急性循环衰竭等为常见诱因。
心绞痛的直接发病原因是心肌供血不足,而心肌供血不足主要源于冠心病。有时,其他类型的心脏病或失控的高血压也能引起心绞痛。如果血管中脂肪不断沉积,就会形成斑块。斑块若发生在冠状动脉,就会导致其缩窄,进一步减少其对心肌的供血,就形成了冠心病。冠状动脉内脂肪不断沉积逐渐形成斑块的过程称为冠状动脉硬化。一些斑块比较坚硬而稳定,就会导致冠状动脉本身的缩窄和硬化。另外一些斑块比较柔软,容易碎裂形成血液凝块。冠状动脉内壁这种斑块的积累会以以下两种方式引起心绞痛:冠状动脉的固定位置管腔缩窄,进而导致经过的血流大大减少;形成的血液凝块部分或者全部阻塞冠状动脉。
心绞痛目前在我国的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,严重危害着人民群众的健康和生活,所以普及宣传心绞痛的知识,积极有效地防止冠心病是对于提高人民群众的健康是有重要意义的,心绞痛患者常服用的药物较多,这些药物虽然当时都有一定疗效,但不能从根本上治愈,不能彻底治愈心绞痛病一直是医学研究难题,为此研制一种新的药物来帮助患者摆脱心绞痛成为医学研究的一项新的重要课题。
发明内容
根据以上现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种治疗心绞痛的中药制剂及其制备方法,其疗效显著、安全可靠、无毒副作用,具有广阔的临床应用前景。
本发明所述的一种治疗心绞痛的中药制剂,按照重量份数计,由以下中药原料配制而成:三七25~35份、丹参25~35份、党参25~35份、生地20~25份、甘草20~25份、没药10~20份、郁金20~25份、金樱子10~20份、旱芹3~5份、紫草3~5份、延胡索20~25份、合欢皮20~25份、五灵脂1~2份、知母3~5份、泽泻5~10份和桑皮3~5份。
其中,优选方案如下:
按照重量份数计,由以下中药原料配制而成:三七25份、丹参25份、党参25份、生地20份、甘草20份、没药10份、郁金20份、金樱子10份、旱芹3份、紫草3份、延胡索20份、合欢皮20份、五灵脂1份、知母3份、泽泻5份和桑皮3份。
也可以按照重量份数计,由以下中药原料配制而成:三七35份、丹参35份、党参35份、生地25份、甘草25份、没药20份、郁金25份、金樱子20份、旱芹5份、紫草5份、延胡索25份、合欢皮25份、五灵脂2份、知母5份、泽泻10份和桑皮5份。
本发明所述的治疗心绞痛的中药制剂的制备方法,按照以下方法制备:按照配方称取中药原料并加入到容器中,加水漫过药面浸泡10~20分钟,再加水没过药面3~5厘米,用武火煎煮至沸腾再改用文火煎煮20~30分钟,取滤液;然后再加水没过药面3~5厘米,用武火煎煮至沸腾再改用文火煎煮15~20分钟,然后去渣取滤液,两次滤液合并即可。
使用时,每次200~300ml,早晚各一次。
药理分析:
三七:甘微苦,温,无毒。入肝、胃,兼入心、大肠。止血,散瘀,消肿,定痛。治吐血,咳血,衄血,便血,血痢,崩漏,症瘕,产后血晕,恶露不下,跌扑瘀血,外伤出血,痈肿疼痛。
丹参:味苦,性微寒。根入药,含丹参酮,为强壮性通经剂,有祛瘀、生新、活血、调经等效用,为妇科要药,主治子宫出血,月经不调,血瘀,腹痛,经痛,经闭,庙痛。对治疗冠心病有良好效果。此外亦治神经性衰弱失眠,关节痛,贫血,乳腺炎,淋巴腺炎,关节炎,疮疖痛肿,丹毒,急慢性肝炎,肾孟肾炎,跌打损伤,晚期血吸虫病肝脾肿大,癫癎。
党参:性平,味甘,具有补中益气、健脾益肺、抗癌、降压、抗缺氧、抗衰老之功效,还可以增强人体免疫力,提高超氧化物歧化酶的活性,增强消除自由基的能力,具有调节胃肠运动、抗溃疡、抑制胃酸分泌、降低胃蛋白酶活性的作用。体质虚弱,气血不足,面色萎黄,以及病后产后体虚者宜食;脾胃气虚,神疲倦怠,四肢乏力,食少便溏,慢性腹泻,肺气不足,咳嗽气促,气虚体弱,易于感冒;气虚血亏者宜食;慢性肾炎蛋白尿者宜食;慢性贫血,萎黄病,白血病,血小板减少性紫癜以及佝偻病患者宜食。
生地:甘,寒。归心,肝,肾经。具有清热凉血功效用于温热病热入营血,壮热神昏,口干舌绛。治温病后期,余热未尽,阴液已伤,夜热早凉,舌红脉数者。可用于治温热病热入营血,血热毒盛,吐血衄血,斑疹紫黑。用于津伤口渴,内热消渴。治温病伤阴,肠燥便秘。
甘草:甘,平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
没药:味苦辛,温,无毒。入肝经。活血止痛;消肿生肌。主胸腹瘀痛;痛经;经闭;症瘕;跌打损伤;痈肿疮疡;肠痈;目赤肿痛
郁金:味辛苦,寒,无毒。入心、肺、肝经。行气解郁,凉血破瘀。治胸腹胁肋诸痛,失心癫狂,热病神昏,吐血,衄血,尿血,血淋,妇女倒经,黄疸。
金樱子:酸涩;平;无毒。归肾、膀胱、大肠、脾、肺经。固精涩肠,缩尿止泻。治滑精,遗尿,小便频数,脾虚泻痢,肺虚喘咳,自汗盗汗,崩漏带下。
旱芹:甘苦,凉。入足阳明、厥阴经。平肝清热,祛风利湿。治高血压病,眩晕头痛,面红目赤,血淋,痈肿。
紫草:味苦,平。入足少阳胆、足厥阴肝、手少阳三焦、手厥阴心包络。和解表里,疏肝,升阳。治寒热往来,胸满胁痛,口苦耳聋,头痛目眩,疟疾,下利脱肛,月经不调,子宫下垂。
延胡索:辛;苦;温;无毒。归肝;胃;心;肺;脾经。活血、散瘀、理气、止痛。主心腹腰膝诸痛;月经不调;症瘕;崩中;产后血晕;恶露不尽;跌打损伤。延胡索醇提物有显着扩张离体兔心和在体猫心的冠状血管、降低冠脉阻力与增加血流量的作用。对麻醉犬冠状动脉的扩张作用最明显,颈内动脉次之。对股动脉也有一定的扩张作用,其扩张血管的作用可能是解除疼痛作用的原因之一。延胡索醇提物还能增加麻醉犬的心输出量、降低血压和总外周阻力,对左心室压和左心室dp/dtmax无明显影响。表明延胡索并不加强心肌的收缩力,心输出量增加可能是由于外周血管扩张之故。小鼠ip给药可使心肌对86Rb的摄取量明显增加。延胡索总碱5或10mg/kg,能对抗脑垂体后叶素所致豚鼠异常心电图。多次给予延胡索醇提物,可明显减轻皮下大剂量给于异丙基肾上腺素所产生的心肌坏死程度,也提示延胡索具有改善坏死边缘区营养性供血的能力。对心肌梗塞可能有一定的防治作用。延胡索醇提物于小鼠,可明显提高动物对常压或减压缺氧的耐受能力。延胡索总碱对乌头碱诱发的大鼠心律失常有明显的治疗作用。总碱水中不溶部分明显超过相同剂量的总碱治疗组,说明乌头碱心律失常的成分存在于水不溶部分中,可能属于叔胺碱部分。
合欢皮:甘;平。入心、肝经。解郁安神,活血消肿。用于心神不安,忧郁失眠,肺痈疮肿,跌扑伤痛。
五灵脂:性味甘温,无毒,入肝经,活血散瘀,炒炭止血。用于心腹淤血作痛,痛经,血瘀经闭,产后淤血腹痛;炒炭治崩漏下血;外用治跌打损伤,蛇、虫咬伤。五灵脂20mg/kg股动脉注入使麻醉狗股动脉血流量增加,血管阻力降低。五灵脂水提液200ug/ml可显著降低大鼠乳鼠体外培养心肌细胞的耗氧量。
知母:味苦,寒。入肺、胃、肾经。滋阴降火,润燥滑肠。治烦热消渴,骨蒸劳热,肺热咳嗽,大便燥结,小便不利。
泽泻:甘,寒。入膀胱、肾、三焦、小肠四经。补虚损五劳,除五脏痞满,起阴气,止泄精、消渴、淋沥,逐膀胱、三焦停水。泽泻浸膏给犬和家兔静脉注射,有轻度降压作用,并持续约30分钟左右。泽泻摩醇对各种实验动物有轻度降压作用,其降压作用并不明显影响血浆肾素和ACE活性或醛固酮水平。泽泻醇提物在体外对肾上腺素引起的兔离体主动脉条件收缩有缓慢的松弛作用。泽泻摩醇可抑制由血管紧张素引起的家兔主动脉条的收缩,其收缩作用具有剂量依赖性。泽泻摩醇用离体心脏灌流技术可见减少心输出量和心率以及左心室压力,但可增加冠脉流量。
桑皮:甘;辛;性寒。归肺经;脾经。泻肺平喘;利水消肿。主治肺热喘痰;水饮停肺;胀满喘急;水肿;脚气;小便不利。
本发明的优点在于所使用的中药符合中华人民共和国药典规定,药物安全可靠。诸药相和具有活血化瘀、扶正培本、收敛固涩、止血定痛等功效,治疗心绞痛具有疗效确切、见效快、治愈率高、无副作用等特点。
疗效判断:
1、病例选择:
作为治疗心绞痛的药物,选择心绞痛患者100例进行临床观察,其中男52例,女性48例,年龄45-85岁,平均年龄55岁,病程1-10年,平均1.2年。
2、治疗用药:
治疗组患者服用本发明药物,每次200~300ml,早晚各一次,7天为一个疗程,根据病情连续服用3-4个疗程,病情严重者遵医嘱酌增用量。
3、疗效判断:
观察治疗前后胸闷、心悸、气短、头晕、目眩、耳鸣、倦怠、舌质、脉象等中医症候;心绞痛发作次数、持续时间、发作程度的改变;血压、心率、心律的变化;静息心电图的变化。
疗效标准参照《中医病症判断疗效标准》中有关疗效标准。
治愈:临床症状全部消失,实验室检查正常。
显效:临床症状基本消失,试验室检查各相关指标接近正常水平。
有效:临床症状减轻,试验室检查各相关指标有所改善,体征有改善。
无效:临床症状无明显好转或加重。
4、治疗结果:
治愈25例,显效30例,有效39例,无效6例,总有效率为94%。
以下列举几个典型病例:
病例1:
刘某,女,57岁,因过度劳累后突感心胸剧痛、如刺如绞、痛有定处,胸闷气短、动则尤甚,心慌。来我院就诊,经心电图检查为冠心病心绞痛发作,口服本发明药物治疗一个疗程后,症状显著减轻,三个疗程后,症状完全消失,心电图正常,随访一年未复发。
病例2:
孙某,男,53岁,在劳力和休息时均有心前区疼痛发作,每次发作2-10分钟,含服硝酸甘油后可缓解,在阵发性心前区疼痛1个月后来我院就诊,入院后立即做心电图和血压监测,发现心绞痛发作时血压升高,诊断为高血压和混合型,不稳定性心绞痛。由于患者经济条件的原因,和西药有副作用的影响,要求中药治疗,服用本发明治疗心绞痛的中药,一个疗程后,发作频率减少,继续巩固治疗二个疗程已痊愈,随访无复发。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1:
一种治疗心绞痛的中药制剂,按照重量份数计,由以下中药原料配制而成:三七25份、丹参25份、党参25份、生地20份、甘草20份、没药10份、郁金20份、金樱子10份、旱芹3份、紫草3份、延胡索20份、合欢皮20份、五灵脂1份、知母3份、泽泻5份和桑皮3份。
实施例2:
:一种治疗心绞痛的中药制剂,按照重量份数计,由以下中药原料配制而成:三七35份、丹参35份、党参35份、生地25份、甘草25份、没药20份、郁金25份、金樱子20份、旱芹5份、紫草5份、延胡索25份、合欢皮25份、五灵脂2份、知母5份、泽泻10份和桑皮5份。
实施例3:
实施例1所述配方按照以下方法制备治疗心绞痛的中药制剂:按照配方称取中药原料并加入到容器中,加水漫过药面浸泡10分钟,再加水没过药面3厘米,用武火煎煮至沸腾再改用文火煎煮20分钟,取滤液;然后再加水没过药面3厘米,用武火煎煮至沸腾再改用文火煎煮15分钟,然后去渣取滤液,两次滤液合并即可。
实施例4:
实施例2所述配方按照以下方法制备治疗心绞痛的中药制剂:按照配方称取中药原料并加入到容器中,加水漫过药面浸泡20分钟,再加水没过药面5厘米,用武火煎煮至沸腾再改用文火煎煮30分钟,取滤液;然后再加水没过药面5厘米,用武火煎煮至沸腾再改用文火煎煮20分钟,然后去渣取滤液,两次滤液合并即可。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗心绞痛的中药制剂,其特征在于按照重量份数计,由以下中药原料配制而成:三七25~35份、丹参25~35份、党参25~35份、生地20~25份、甘草20~25份、没药10~20份、郁金20~25份、金樱子10~20份、旱芹3~5份、紫草3~5份、延胡索20~25份、合欢皮20~25份、五灵脂1~2份、知母3~5份、泽泻5~10份和桑皮3~5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗心绞痛的中药制剂,其特征在于按照重量份数计,由以下中药原料配制而成:三七25份、丹参25份、党参25份、生地20份、甘草20份、没药10份、郁金20份、金樱子10份、旱芹3份、紫草3份、延胡索20份、合欢皮20份、五灵脂1份、知母3份、泽泻5份和桑皮3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗心绞痛的中药制剂,其特征在于按照重量份数计,由以下中药原料配制而成:三七35份、丹参35份、党参35份、生地25份、甘草25份、没药20份、郁金25份、金樱子20份、旱芹5份、紫草5份、延胡索25份、合欢皮25份、五灵脂2份、知母5份、泽泻10份和桑皮5份。
4.一种权利要求1所述的治疗心绞痛的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于按照以下方法制备:按照配方称取中药原料并加入到容器中,加水漫过药面浸泡10~20分钟,再加水没过药面3~5厘米,用武火煎煮至沸腾再改用文火煎煮20~30分钟,取滤液;然后再加水没过药面3~5厘米,用武火煎煮至沸腾再改用文火煎煮15~20分钟,然后去渣取滤液,两次滤液合并即可。
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