CN104522843A - Seed shelling and screening device and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a seed shelling and screening device and its application, comprising a bracket, which is fixedly arranged with a collecting part, a grinding and shelling part and a screening part from top to bottom in sequence; the device also includes a grinding hammer and a residual material collecting part, The hammer body of the grinding hammer is accommodated in the grinding and shelling part, and the residue collecting part communicates with the lower half of the grinding and shelling part. When in use, the seeds enter the grinding and shelling part through the aggregate part, and the seeds are shelled through the interaction between the hammer body and the grinding and shelling part. The seeds enter the screening part and are screened and separated by the sieve cage, and the seed shells enter the residual material collection part. to process. The invention has high shelling efficiency and little influence on grains, and realizes effective collection of shelled seeds, grinding and shelling, and screening and separation of different particle sizes. The invention can ensure that the seed coat and endosperm are not damaged, and ensure that the quality traits, storage life and germination vigor of the seeds after shelling are good.

Description

A seed shelling and screening device and its application

technical field

The invention relates to a seed shelling and screening device and its application, belonging to the technical field of crop seed resource collection and processing.

Background technique

The shell of crop seeds plays an important role in protecting the germ. However, in the process of collecting, arranging, processing and utilizing crop seeds, it is often necessary to dehull the shelled seeds. Especially for crops such as rapeseed, hemp and beans, shelling is an important process of grain collection and processing, and has an important impact on the physiological activity and product quality of the grain. At present, the removal of crop seed shells is mainly done by manual peeling or using rolling machinery. Manual shelling is inefficient, labor-intensive and time-consuming. Rolling mechanical dehulling often leads to damage to the seed coat and endosperm of the grain, which affects the quality traits, storage life and germination vitality of the seed.

Chinese patent CN203040620 discloses a small multifunctional sheller, which is composed of a sheller cover body, a bracket, and a main body of a hammering machine. One end of the shaft, the right end of the rotating shaft is connected with the electric pulley, the left end passes through the inner cavity of the shelling cover and is fixed on the other end of the shelling cover with a rotating bearing, and the rotating shaft in the shelling cover is provided with two or more than two connecting rods And the fruit material cleaning hook, the two ends of the connecting rod are provided with splints, the plywood is provided with soft fiber leather strips, the top of the shelling outer cover is provided with a feed port, the side bottom is provided with a discharge port, and the bottom is provided with a Seed discharge sieve. However, the disadvantage of this patent is that it can only carry out batch cycle grinding for shelled materials, and extrude and grind the material through the plywood with flexible fiber leather strips and materials to achieve the purpose of shelling, but in application, all The distance between the flexible fiber leather beating strip and the shell is relatively large, not only the grinding of the mechanical parts is used, but also the force between the materials can be used for grinding and shelling, but it is not conducive to the shelling of small batches of seeds. Shell handling.

Chinese patent CN2662659 discloses a kind of equipment suitable for cottonseed, soybean, sunflower seed and peanut shelling (skin) separation. It is to send the oil to the shelling (skin) machine to peel off the shell (skin) After the split stream flows to the basket sieve and rubs (soybean and sunflower seeds do not need to go through the basket sieve after shelling (husk)), it falls to the kernel shell (hull) separation sieve and is classified and winnowed to make the kernel shell (husk) separate. It is a kind of equipment with high husking (hulling) rate and high production efficiency. It has compact structure and simple and reliable process equipment. It is an ideal equipment for cottonseed and soybean husking (husk) separation. The technical disadvantage of this patent is that the whole volume is huge, which is suitable for the preprocessing of batches of oilseeds. For example, when the equipment is applied to the treatment of bean seeds, the rolling mechanical dehulling often leads to damage to the seed coat and endosperm of the seeds, thus affecting the seeds. quality traits, shelf life and germination vigor.

Therefore, it is urgent to design a shelling device that is efficient and does not damage the grain structure, has high shelling efficiency, has little impact on the grain, and can effectively sort seeds of different particle sizes, so as to provide abundant equipment for the protection and efficient utilization of crop seed resources.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a seed hulling and screening device with simple structure, easy operation, high hulling efficiency and little impact on grains.

The present invention also provides a working method of the above-mentioned seed hulling and screening device.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A seed husking and screening device, comprising a support, on which a collecting part, a grinding and husking part and a screening part are fixedly arranged sequentially from top to bottom;

The collection part, the grinding and shelling part and the screening part are sequentially provided with a material channel for the material to fall vertically along the gravity;

The device also includes a grinding hammer. The grinding hammer includes a grinding rod and a hammer body arranged at the bottom of the grinding rod. The outer surface of the hammer body is adapted to the shape of the bottom of the grinding shell; the grinding rod runs through the It is arranged in the collection part and the grinding and shelling part, and the hammer body is accommodated in the grinding and shelling part; a stop pin and a ring handle are arranged on the upper part of the grinding rod, and the surface of the hammer body is uniform Distributed with raised structures;

The device also includes a residue collecting part, and the residue collecting part communicates with the lower half of the grinding and shelling part.

Preferably, a spiral body is arranged around the grinding rod, and the spiral body is accommodated in the collecting part. The advantage of this design is that when the grinding rod rotates, the spiral body can effectively stir the seeds in the collection part, so that the seeds rotate and fall smoothly into the material channel.

Preferably, the collection part includes an arc-shaped container, and a first material passage is provided through the bottom of the arc-shaped container; the grinding and shelling part is provided with a frustum-shaped material chamber and a semicircular Shaped material chamber, the bottom of the semicircular material chamber is connected through the screening part. The advantage of the design here is that the collection part is designed as an arc-shaped container, so that the material can be evenly scattered to the surface of the hammer body when the material is put in, so as to avoid the uneven grinding and shelling force caused by the uneven dispersion of the material, which affects the shelling Efficiency; the bottom of the grinding and shelling part is also provided with a semicircular material cavity, and its structure is adapted to the surface shape of the hammer body, which increases the contact area between the hammer body and the grinding and shelling part to the greatest extent, and improves Grinding for hulling effect.

Preferably, the screening part includes a plurality of screen cages and a bottom bucket, the multiple screen cages are stacked on the bottom bucket from top to bottom, and the apertures of the screen cages arranged from top to bottom are sequentially reduced. The advantage of the design here is that the screening part refines the screening of the shelled seeds one by one by using the different apertures of the multi-layer screen cages.

Preferably, the screening part communicates with the grinding and shelling part through a connecting ring pipe, bearing steel balls are arranged in the connecting ring pipe to assist the axial rotation of the screening part, and a sliding wheel is also provided at the bottom of the screening part . The advantage of the design here is that the bearing balls assist in screening seeds of different particle sizes to the corresponding screen cage or bottom bucket.

Further preferably, the screening part also includes a positioning rod and a pin buckle, the upper end of the positioning rod is provided with a through hole; the screen cage includes a cylindrical container, and the upper and lower edges of the cylindrical container are respectively provided There is a positioning ring, and the positioning rod runs through the positioning ring in turn, and the through hole at the upper end of the positioning rod cooperates with the pin buckle to fix the positioning rod.

Preferably, a seed taking port and a sliding sealing piece are arranged on the side of the cylindrical container, and the sliding sealing piece is used to open or close the seed taking port.

Preferably, a first semicircular combined cover is provided on the top of the collecting part, and a second semicircular combined cover is provided on the top of the grinding and hulling part. The advantage of the design here is that it prevents the material from spinning out or popping out under the action of the grinding force when grinding and shelling, reducing waste and loss, and reducing environmental pollution; at the same time, the combined cover can be opened at any time, so that the staff can check the material at any time The blanking situation is handled in a timely manner.

Preferably, a fixing bolt is arranged on the outside of the collecting part, and the position of the collecting part on the bracket is adjusted through the fixing bolt, and a bolt bracket is provided on the bracket, and the bolt bracket is used to realize the support of the fixing bolt. Support and positioning. The advantage of the design here is that before the grinding and shelling, the fixed bolt is adjusted to the bolt holder, so that the bottom end of the first material channel of the collecting part is parallel to the second semicircle combined cover of the grinding and shelling part. After grinding and removing the shell, adjust the fixing bolt upward until the first semicircular combination cover of the collecting part is close to the guide ring of the bracket, and the grinding hammer can be lifted upwards, so that the stop pin passes through the guide ring and is stuck on the guide ring , to facilitate the removal of residual materials in the grinding and shelling part.

Preferably, an auxiliary fixing bracket is provided outside the grinding and shelling part. The advantage of the design here is that the auxiliary fixing bracket is used to increase the stability of the whole shelling device during work.

Preferably, a guide ring is provided on the top of the bracket, and steel balls are arranged inside the guide ring to assist the operation of the grinding rod, and the upper part of the grinding rod passes through the guide ring; There is a ring handle on the top. The advantage of the design here is that it is convenient to control the grinding rod to rotate the hammer body to achieve the effect of grinding and shelling.

Preferably, the protruding structures are arranged in a spiral shape on the surface of the hammer body. The advantage of the design here is that a material spiral channel is designed between the spirally arranged convex structures, so that the material can hang down along the spiral guide after receiving a single grinding, increasing the grinding path of the material, and effectively To the effect of shelling completely.

Preferably, the raised structure is in the shape of a semicircle as a whole. The advantage of the design here is that the raised structure is made of moderately hard plastic material, which causes little physical damage to the material, and can prolong the service life of the grinding hammer and the semicircular material cavity.

Preferably, a base is provided at the bottom of the bracket, and the bottom of the auxiliary fixing bracket is also fixedly connected with the base.

Preferably, the shape of the residue collection part is a cylinder, the upper end of the residue collection part communicates with the lower half of the grinding and shelling part through the second material channel, and the residue collection part The bottom end is provided with a lower opening cover. The advantage of this design is that, by communicating with the grinding and shelling part, the remaining shell skin after shelling can enter the residual material collection part, and the shell skin can be directly disposed of by opening the lower opening cover at the bottom of the residual material collection part.

A working method of a seed shelling and screening device, comprising the following steps:

(1) Place the hammer body of the grinding hammer completely in the grinding and shelling part, close the second semicircle combined cover of the grinding and shelling part, adjust the fixing bolt of the collecting part to the bolt holder and fix it ;

(2) Open the first semicircle combined cover of the collection part, put the shelled seeds into the collection part;

(3) driving the rotating grinding hammer by driving the grinding rod, so that the shelled seeds are sandwiched between the grinding and shelling part and the grinding hammer, and rotating the grinding hammer at the same time, so that the seeds are broken and separated from each other;

(4) Drive the grinding hammer repeatedly, so that the seeds ground in step (3) fall into the screening part along the gap between the grinding and shelling part and the grinding hammer, and the ground shell passes through the second The material channel enters the residual material collection part;

(5) The seeds pass through the layers of sieve cages in the screening section, and the seeds of different particle sizes are screened in different sieve cages or bottom buckets after being screened by the sieve cages, so as to realize the screening and separation of seeds of different particle sizes;

(6) After all the materials have been processed by the screening part, open the lower cover at the bottom of the residual material collection part to take out the shell, and continue to process the unhulled seeds according to steps (3) to (5);

(7) Drive the positioning rod of the screening part to rotate the screen cage of the screening part, so that the seeds in the first screen cage fall into the screen cage or the bottom bucket of the corresponding particle size;

(8) Open the pin buckle of the screening part and extract the positioning rod, take out the screen cage from top to bottom and collect the seeds therein;

(9) Open the lower cover at the bottom of the residue collecting part to remove the shell.

Preferably, after step (7) is completed, adjust the fixing bolt of the collection part upwards, open the second semicircle combination cover of the grinding and shelling part, lift the grinding hammer upwards so that the stop pin is stuck on the guide On the ring, the remaining material falls into the screening part.

Preferably, when cleaning the grinding hammer, open the second semicircular combination cover provided on the top of the grinding and shelling part, adjust the fixing bolt of the collecting part upwards, lift the grinding hammer upwards, and close Clean the surface of the hammer body.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The seed shelling device of the present invention can change the running speed and running times of the grinding rod according to the characteristics of different seed shells, and is suitable for a variety of crop seeds, especially for shelling seeds with thin shells and small grain shapes.

2. The seed shelling device of the present invention integrates the collection part, the grinding and shelling part, the screening part and the residual material collection part into one, the shelling efficiency is high and the impact on the grain is small, and the screening part set can effectively treat seeds of different particle sizes. The seeds are screened and separated, which realizes the effective collection of shelled seeds, grinding and shelling, and screening and separation of different particle sizes. The invention can ensure that the seed coat and endosperm are not damaged, and ensure that the quality traits, storage life and germination vigor of the seeds after shelling are good. The invention can also manually adjust the grinding and shelling strength or Cycle the times of shelling to improve the efficiency of shelling.

3. The dehulling device of the present invention has ingenious design concept, simple structure, convenient installation and use, low cost, high efficiency, obvious effect, and good economic benefits and application value.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of seed shelling screening device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of support among the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the closed state of the stop pin of the grinding hammer in the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the open state of the stop pin of the grinding hammer in the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the closed state of the first semicircular combined cover in the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the opened state of the first semicircular combined cover in the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the grinding and shelling part in the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a side section enlarged structure of the connecting ring pipe in the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional enlarged structure of a connecting ring pipe in the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the screening unit in the present invention;

Fig. 11 is the structural representation of single screen cage among the present invention;

Fig. 12 is the structural representation of the seed opening on a single sieve cage in the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure when the pin buckle is closed in the present invention;

Fig. 14 is a structural schematic diagram when the pin buckle is opened in the present invention;

Fig. 15 is a structural schematic diagram of a positioning rod in the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of the residual material collection part in the present invention;

Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of the residue collecting part in the present invention when the lower cover is opened.

Among them: 1. bracket, 101, guide ring, 102, base, 103, bolt;

2. Collecting part, 201, the first semicircle combination cover, 202, fixing bolt;

3. Grinding and shelling part, 301, the second semicircle combined cover;

4. Screening section, 401, sieve cage, 402, positioning rod, 403, pin buckle, 404, positioning ring, 405, seed taking port, 406, sliding sealing piece, 407, through hole, 408, connecting ring pipe, 409, Sliding wheel, 410, bottom barrel;

5. Residual material collection part, 501, open the cover at the bottom;

6. The first material channel;

7. The second material channel;

8. Grinding rod, 801, ring handle, 802, stop pin, 803, spiral body;

9. Grinding hammer, 901, hammer body, 902, raised structure;

10. Auxiliary fixing bracket.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below through the embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto.

Example 1:

A seed hulling and screening device provided by the present invention includes a support 1, on which a collecting part 2, a grinding and shelling part 3 and a screening part 4 are fixedly arranged sequentially from top to bottom;

The collecting part 2, the grinding and shelling part 3 and the screening part 4 are sequentially provided with a material passage for the material to fall vertically along the gravity.

The device also includes a grinding hammer 9. The grinding hammer includes a grinding rod 8 and a hammer body 901 arranged at the bottom of the grinding rod. The outer surface of the hammer body 901 is adapted to the shape of the bottom of the grinding shell 3; It is arranged on the collecting part 2 and the grinding and shelling part 3 , and the hammer body 901 is accommodated in the grinding and shelling part 3 .

The device also includes a residue collecting part 5 , which communicates with the lower half of the grinding and shelling part 3 .

The grinding rod 8 is surrounded by a spiral body 803 , and the spiral body 803 is accommodated in the collection part 2 . When the grinding rod rotates, the spiral body can effectively stir the shelled seeds in the collecting part, so that the shelled seeds rotate and fall smoothly into the material channel.

The collecting part 2 comprises an arc-shaped container, and a first material channel 6 is provided through the bottom of the arc-shaped container; the grinding and shelling part 3 is provided with a conical material cavity and a semicircular material cavity in sequence from top to bottom, The bottom of the semicircular material chamber connects through the screening part 4 . The collection part is designed as an arc-shaped container, so that the material can be evenly scattered to the surface of the hammer body 901 when the material is put in, so as to avoid the uneven grinding and shelling force caused by the uneven dispersion of the material, which affects the shelling efficiency; the grinding The bottom of the shelling part is also provided with a semicircular material cavity, and its structure is adapted to the surface shape of the hammer body 901, which maximizes the contact area between the hammer body 901 and the grinding and shelling part, and improves the effect of grinding and shelling .

The screening part 4 comprises two screen cages 401 and a bottom bucket 410, and the two screen cages 401 are stacked and placed on the bottom bucket 410 from top to bottom, and the apertures of the two screen cages 401 are successively reduced from top to bottom, so that Screen seeds of different particle sizes. The screening part 4 communicates with the grinding and shelling part 3 through the connecting ring pipe 408, and the connecting ring pipe 408 is provided with bearing steel balls to assist the axial rotation of the screening part 4. Sliding wheels 409 are arranged at the bottom to assist in screening seeds of different particle sizes into corresponding sieve cages 401 or bottom buckets 410 . Screening part 4 also comprises positioning rod 402 and pin buckle 403, and the upper end of positioning rod 402 is provided with through hole 407; Through the positioning ring 404 sequentially, the through hole 407 at the upper end of the positioning rod 402 cooperates with the pin buckle 403 to fix the positioning rod 402 .

A first semicircular combined cover 201 is provided on the top of the material collecting part 2 , and a second semicircular combined cover 301 is provided on the top of the grinding and shelling part 3 . When grinding and shelling, the material is prevented from spinning out or popping out under the action of the grinding force, reducing waste and environmental pollution; at the same time, the combined cover can be opened at any time, so that the staff can check the material feeding situation at any time and handle it in time. A fixing bolt 202 is arranged outside the collecting part 2 to adjust the position of the collecting part 2 on the bracket 1 . Before grinding and shelling, the fixed bolt 202 is adjusted to the bolt holder 103, so that the bottom end of the first material passage 6 of the collecting part 2 is parallel to the second semicircle combined cover 301 of the grinding and shelling part 3. After grinding and shelling, adjust the fixing bolt 202 upward until the first semicircle combined cover 201 of the material collecting part 2 is close to the guide ring 101 of the bracket 1, lift the grinding hammer 9 upwards, make the stop pin 802 pass through the guide ring 101 and Clamped on the guide ring 101, it is convenient to remove the residual material in the grinding and shelling part 3. An auxiliary fixing bracket 10 is provided on the outside of the grinding and shelling part 3 . The auxiliary fixing bracket 10 increases the working stability of the whole shelling device.

The top of the bracket 1 is provided with a guide ring 101 , and the upper part of the grinding rod 8 passes through the guide ring 101 ; the top of the grinding rod 8 is provided with a ring handle 801 . The ring handle 801 is convenient to control the grinding rod 8 to rotate the hammer body 901 to achieve the effect of grinding and peeling.

The hammer body 901 is spherical, and the surface of the hammer body 901 is evenly distributed with protruding structures 902 , and the protruding structures 902 are semicircular as a whole. The raised structure 902 can increase the grinding effect, reduce the grinding force, reduce the grinding dead angle, and ensure the shelling effect.

The protruding structures 902 are arranged in a spiral shape on the surface of the hammer body 901 . A material spiral channel is designed between the spirally arranged raised structures 902, so that the material can hang down along the spiral guide after receiving a single grinding, increase the grinding path of the material, and achieve the effect of complete shelling .

The bottom of the bracket 1 is also provided with a base 102 , and the bottom of the auxiliary fixing bracket 10 is also fixedly connected with the base 102 .

The upper part of the grinding rod 8 is provided with a stop pin 802 . By setting the stop pin 802 on the grinding rod 8, it is convenient to lift the whole grinding hammer 9 and fix it in the air, increase the gap distance between the grinding hammer 9 and the grinding and shelling part 3, promote the falling of the remaining materials, and facilitate Clean up the grinding shell part 3 and the grinding hammer 9 .

The outer shape of the residue collection part 5 is a cylinder, and the upper end of the residue collection part 5 communicates with the lower half of the grinding and shelling part 3 through the second material passage 7, and the bottom end of the residue collection part 5 is arranged There is a cover 501 for opening. By communicating with the grinding and shelling part 3, the remaining shell skin after shelling can directly enter the residual material collecting part 5, and the shell skin can be directly disposed of by opening the lower opening cover 501 at the bottom of the residual material collecting part 5.

Example 2:

A kind of seed shelling and screening device provided by the present invention has the structure as described in Example 1, and the difference is that a seed taking port 405 and a sliding sealing piece 406 are arranged on the side of the cylindrical container, and the The sealing sheet 406 is used to open or close the seed taking port 405 . When using this device, seeds can be taken out through the seed taking port 405 on the screen cage 401 and the bottom bucket 410 .

Example 3:

A kind of working method of seed shelling and screening device provided by the invention comprises steps as follows:

(1) The hammer body 901 of the grinding hammer 9 is completely placed in the grinding and shelling part 3, and the second semicircle combined cover 301 of the grinding and shelling part 3 is closed;

(2) Adjust the fixed bolt 202 of the collection part 2 to the bolt holder 103 and fix it;

(3) Open the first semicircle combined cover 201 of the collection part 2, put the shelled seeds into the collection part 2;

(4) Drive the rotary grinding hammer 9 by driving the grinding rod 8, so that the shelled seeds are clamped between the grinding and shelling part 3 and the grinding hammer 9, and the grinding hammer 9 is rotated at the same time, so that the seeds are shelled and mutually separation;

(5) Repeatedly drive the grinding hammer 9 so that the seeds ground in step (4) fall into the screening part 4 along the gap between the grinding and shelling part 3 and the grinding hammer 9, and the ground seeds The casing enters the residual material collection part 5 through the second material channel 7;

(6) described seed passes through the layer upon layer sieve cage 401 in the screening part 4, and the seed of different particle size is promptly in different sieve cage 401 or bottom bucket 410 through the screening of sieve cage 401, and then realizes the different particle size seed screening separation;

(7) After all the materials have been processed by the screening unit 4, open the lower cover 501 at the bottom of the residual material collection unit 5 to take out the shell, and continue to follow steps (3) to (6) for the unhulled seeds deal with;

(8) After the shelling process is completed, adjust the fixed bolt 202 of the collection part 2 upwards, open the second semicircle combination cover 301 of the grinding and shelling part 3, and lift the grinding hammer 9 upward to make the stop pin 802 Clamped on the guide ring 101, the remaining materials fall into the screening part;

(9) drive the positioning rod 402 of the screening part 4 to rotate the screen cage 401 of the screening part 4, so that the seeds in the first screen cage fall into the screen cage 401 or the bottom bucket 410 of the corresponding particle diameter;

(10) Open the pin buckle 403 of the screening part 4 and extract the positioning rod 402, take out the sieve cage 401 from top to bottom and collect the seeds therein;

(11) Open the lower opening cover 501 at the bottom of the residue collection part 5 to remove the shell.

Example 4:

A kind of working method of seed shelling and screening device provided by the present invention, its steps are as described in embodiment 3, the difference is that when cleaning the grinding hammer 9, the top of the grinding and shelling part 3 is set The second semicircle combination cover 301 is opened, and the fixing bolt 202 of the collecting part is adjusted upwards, and the grinding hammer 9 is lifted upwards, and the surface of the hammer body 901 is cleaned at a close distance.

Claims (10)

1. A seed shelling and screening device, characterized in that it comprises a support, and the support is fixedly arranged with a collection part, a grinding and shelling part and a screening part from top to bottom in sequence; The collection part, the grinding and shelling part and the screening part are sequentially provided with a material channel for the material to fall vertically along the gravity; The device also includes a grinding hammer. The grinding hammer includes a grinding rod and a hammer body arranged at the bottom of the grinding rod. The outer surface of the hammer body is adapted to the shape of the bottom of the grinding shell; the grinding rod runs through the It is arranged in the collection part and the grinding and shelling part, and the hammer body is accommodated in the grinding and shelling part; a stop pin and a ring handle are arranged on the upper part of the grinding rod, and the surface of the hammer body is uniform Distributed with raised structures; The device also includes a residue collecting part, and the residue collecting part communicates with the lower half of the grinding and shelling part. 2 . The seed hulling and screening device according to claim 1 , wherein a spiral body is arranged around the grinding rod, and the spiral body is accommodated in the collecting part. 3 . 3. The seed husking and screening device according to claim 1, wherein the collection part comprises an arc-shaped container, and a first material passage is provided through the bottom of the arc-shaped container; The shell part is provided with a conical material chamber and a semicircular material chamber sequentially from top to bottom, and the screening part is connected through the bottom of the semicircular material chamber. 4. The seed shelling and screening device according to claim 1, wherein the screening part comprises a plurality of sieve cages and a bottom bucket, and the plurality of sieve cages are successively stacked and placed on the bottom bucket from top to bottom, The apertures of the screen cages arranged from top to bottom decrease in turn; the screening part communicates with the grinding and shelling part through a connecting ring pipe, and bearing steel balls are arranged in the connecting ring pipe to assist the axial rotation of the screening part , a sliding wheel is also provided at the bottom of the screening part; the screening part also includes a positioning rod and a pin buckle, the upper end of the positioning rod is provided with a through hole; the screen cage includes a cylindrical container, and the cylindrical container The upper and lower edges of the container are respectively provided with positioning rings, and the positioning rods pass through the positioning rings in turn, and the through holes at the upper ends of the positioning rods cooperate with pin buckles to fix the positioning rods. 5. seed shelling and screening device as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, on the side of described cylindrical container, be provided with taking seed opening and sliding sealing piece, described sliding sealing piece is used for opening or closing taking. Seed port; a first semicircle combined cover is set on the top of the collecting part, and a second semicircular combined cover is set on the top of the grinding and shelling part. 6. The seed husking and screening device according to claim 1, wherein a fixing bolt is arranged on the outside of the described collecting part, and the position of the collecting part on the support is adjusted by the fixing bolt, and on the support, A bolt holder is provided, and the bolt holder is used for supporting and positioning the fixing bolt. 7. seed shelling and screening device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, an auxiliary fixing support is arranged on the outside of described grinding shelling part; A guide ring is arranged on the top of the bracket, and steel balls are arranged inside the guide ring to assist the operation of the grinding rod, and the upper part of the grinding rod runs through the guide ring; ring handle; The raised structures are arranged in a spiral shape on the surface of the hammer body, and the raised structures are semicircular as a whole; A base is provided at the bottom of the bracket, and the bottom of the auxiliary fixing bracket is also fixedly connected with the base. 8. The seed shelling and screening device according to claim 1, wherein the external shape of the residue collecting part is a cylinder, and the upper end of the residue collecting part passes through the second material channel and the grinding The lower half of the peeling part is connected, and the bottom of the residue collecting part is provided with a lower opening cover. 9. A working method of the seed shelling and screening device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising steps as follows: (1) Place the hammer body of the grinding hammer completely in the grinding and shelling part, close the second semicircle combined cover of the grinding and shelling part, adjust the fixing bolt of the collecting part to the bolt holder and fix it ; (2) Open the first semicircle combined cover of the collection part, put the shelled seeds into the collection part; (3) driving the rotating grinding hammer by driving the grinding rod, so that the shelled seeds are sandwiched between the grinding and shelling part and the grinding hammer, and rotating the grinding hammer at the same time, so that the seeds are broken and separated from each other; (4) Drive the grinding hammer repeatedly, so that the seeds ground in step (3) fall into the screening part along the gap between the grinding and shelling part and the grinding hammer, and the ground shell passes through the second The material channel enters the residual material collection part; (5) The seeds pass through the layers of sieve cages in the screening section, and the seeds of different particle sizes are screened in different sieve cages or bottom buckets after being screened by the sieve cages, so as to realize the screening and separation of seeds of different particle sizes; (6) After all the materials have been processed by the screening part, open the lower cover at the bottom of the residual material collection part to take out the shell, and continue to process the unhulled seeds according to steps (3) to (5); (7) Drive the positioning rod of the screening part to rotate the screen cage of the screening part, so that the seeds in the first screen cage fall into the screen cage or the bottom bucket of the corresponding particle size; (8) Open the pin buckle of the screening part and extract the positioning rod, take out the screen cage from top to bottom and collect the seeds therein; (9) Open the lower cover at the bottom of the residue collecting part to remove the shell. 10. The working method of the seed husking and screening device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, after step (7) is completed, upwardly adjust the fixed bolt of the collection part to open the second semicircle of the grinding and husking part Assembled cover, lift up the grinding hammer so that the stop pin is stuck on the guide ring, and the remaining materials fall into the screening part; When cleaning the grinding hammer, open the second semicircle combination cover provided on the top of the grinding and shelling part, adjust the fixing bolt of the collecting part upwards, lift the grinding hammer upwards, and close the hammer body surface to be cleaned.