CN104516361A - Sunflower type solar lighting device - Google Patents
Sunflower type solar lighting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104516361A CN104516361A CN201310469768.9A CN201310469768A CN104516361A CN 104516361 A CN104516361 A CN 104516361A CN 201310469768 A CN201310469768 A CN 201310469768A CN 104516361 A CN104516361 A CN 104516361A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- photoresistance
- plane skylight
- motor
- type solar
- sunflower
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
The invention relates to a sunflower type solar lighting device which comprises a lighting plate, a mechanical rotating device on the lower portion of the lighting plate and a transformation and rectification control circuit. The sunflower type solar lighting device is characterized in that photosensitive resistors are mounted on the four lateral sides of the lighting plate, the transformation and rectification control circuit comprises a photosensitive resistor and an electromagnetic relay, the light-receiving faces of the photosensitive resistors on the lateral sides of the lighting plate are vertical to the lighting plate and have different illumination intensities, the resistance values of the photosensitive resistors are different, current flowing a coil of the electromagnetic relay on the side with low resistance is large to generate large magnetic force so as to attract an armature and trigger a working circuit, and the corresponding motor is allowed to rotate forwardly and reversely.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to a kind of equipment utilizing sun power, relates to a kind of solar cell lighting equipment further.
Background technology
Society, energy shortage, scarcity of resources.So the development and utilization of sun power greatly develops, such as solar power plant, solar water heater etc.But, current solar facilities has a fatal defect: the plane skylight of current solar facilities is all install with fixing angle, along with a light rises sunset, the angle of sunshine faced by plane skylight is change, can not direct projection plane skylight, like this, the utilization of sunshine is just had a greatly reduced quality.
Prior art has the lighting equipment adopting sunflower-type.At present, the normally single motor of the device for solar tracking drives to be followed the trail of, because its structure is comparatively simple, function more easily realizes.But single motor drives follow-up mechanism because cannot realize comprehensively following the trail of day, also creates the comparatively high spud angle of sunray and plane skylight, single motor drives the tracing system efficiency of following the trail of also therefore to be difficult to continue to improve.Twin shaft tracer technique can improve the efficiency of tracing system largely, but structure is comparatively complicated, higher to Tracing Control system requirements, and needs professional person to install regulation and control, and therefore reliability in an outdoor environment also decreases.In addition, owing to having needed the rotation of two axis directions, the overall volume of device is also larger.
And the plane skylight of solar tracking apparatus can not rotate by full angle in some occasions, such as home-use solar water heater, because water tank is equipped with at plane skylight top, can not rotate plane skylight completely.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, be necessary to provide a kind of energy flexible rotating plane skylight, and rotating manner does not affect the solar light collecting device of actual use.
The invention provides a kind of sunflower-type solar energy lighting equipment, comprise plane skylight, the mechanical rotation device of plane skylight bottom and Transformer Rectifier control circuit, four sides of described plane skylight are provided with photoresistance, mechanical rotation device is installed at the back side of plane skylight;
Described Transformer Rectifier control circuit comprises photoresistance and electromagnetic relay, photoresistance sensitive surface in plane skylight side is installed with the angle of vertical plane skylight, intensity of illumination suffered by the sensitive surface of each side photoresistance is different, the resistance of photoresistance is also different, the electric current that the electromagnetic relay coil of the side that resistance is little flows through is large, and the magnetic force of generation is strong, by armature adhesive, triggering work circuit, thus make corresponding motor generation rotating.
Preferably, scheme one, described gearing comprises the support column being connected to the plane skylight back side heart, and be connected to the plane skylight back side and for the expansion link one of intersecting vertical position and expansion link two on plane skylight face, expansion link is changed by the flexible plane skylight direction that realizes of bar, described expansion link one connects motor one, and described expansion link two connects motor two.
Preferably, scheme two, described gearing comprises the support column and expansion link three that are connected to the plane skylight back side heart, described support column connects motor three, described motor three drives support column to rotate, and described expansion link three connects motor four, and expansion link three is changed by the flexible plane skylight direction that realizes of bar, after motor four rotates 180 °, the single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of circuit controls motor four change and turns to.
Preferably, scheme one, described Transformer Rectifier control circuit set-up mode is: side photoresistance is RL1, RL2, RL3 and RL4, respectively with photoresistance RL5, RL6, RL7 and RL8, forms four pairs of resistance, when RL1, RL2, RL3 and RL4 receive sunlight, armature is attracted to the coil corresponding to RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, contact closure, connects corresponding operating circuit, control the rotating of motor, the side of irradiated photoresistance place plane skylight is declined.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1., by this device, no matter how plane skylight changes (but all the time vertical sunshine), the occasion that also can not have an impact to other aspects;
2. according to the approximately parallel phenomenon of sunshine, photoresistance is arranged on the side by tabula rasa, the photoresistance of opposition side opposes by the situation of illumination.Intensity of illumination suffered by the sensitive surface of photoresistance is different, and the resistance of photoresistance is also different, and the electric current that the electromagnetic relay coil of the side that resistance is little flows through is large, the magnetic force produced is strong, by armature adhesive, triggering work circuit, thus make corresponding motor generation rotating.
The invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of the present invention program one photoresistance and plane skylight.
Fig. 2 is the side view of the present invention program one photoresistance and plane skylight.
Fig. 3 is the present invention program one position of bearings schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the position view of the present invention program one sunlight photoresistance and plane skylight.
Fig. 5 is the present invention program one gearing scheme of installation.
Fig. 6 is the present invention program one expansion link one and expansion link two position relationship schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the present invention program one two-way electromagnetic relay schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the present invention program one Transformer Rectifier Current Controller circuit figure.
Fig. 9 is the present invention program one motor one operating diagram.
Figure 10 is the present invention program one motor two schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is the present invention program two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) original state schematic diagram.
Figure 12 is position view after the smooth single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of the present invention program two 180 °.
Figure 13 and 14 is the present invention program two guide groove front view and side view.
Figure 15 and 16 is that the present invention program two installs initial position schematic diagram.
Figure 17 is ramp type solar water heater scheme of installation in the present invention program two.
Figure 18 is the present invention program one Transformer Rectifier control circuit figure.
Figure 19 is the present invention program two motor three operating diagram.
Figure 20 is the present invention program two motor four operating diagram.
Embodiment
Scheme one:
Material: photoresistance
Dual coil electromagnetic relay
Voltage transforming rectifier
Load motor
Material detailed rules and regulations illustrate: same model photoresistance 8, and sensitive surface is plane, and sensitive surface covers one block of light grey glass (slacken the refraction of air to light, reduce to fall resistance amplitude).The source of voltage transforming rectifier is wide and simple and be easy to get, the charger etc. of such as mobile phone.Load motor 2: high-torque, low speed, can rotating.
1, voltage transforming rectifier is to power to control circuit, why uses AC-DC, is because if with exchanging, so two coils can produce transformer action, uncontrollable.
2, dual coil electromagnetic relay, as shown in the figure, two relative coils are 180 ° of rotational symmetry relative to contact, respectively called after KM and KM '.Contact: the point midway being arranged on the spring between two coils, makes armature be positioned at the point midway of two coils.Coil connects DC control circuit, and contact connects the alternating circuit of 220V.
3, the main contact of the electromagnetic relay of photoresistance RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4 control connects the alternating circuit of 220V.RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8 are without the need to contact, or contact not link
As shown in figure scheme of installation: motor M 1, M2 is fixed on pedestal, rotor drives the device of a similar nut, and expansion link is just equivalent to screw rod.The rotating of motor, will control advance and the retrogressing of expansion link, thus just can adjust the angle of plane skylight.In addition, location must be kept by a stationary installation, avoid the rollback of screw rod.Stationary installation, prior to unclamping before electric machine rotation, remains closed fixing expansion link when motor does not rotate always.Draw-tube, the mobilizable anatomical connectivity of support column and the light collecting plate back side, as Fig. 3, position relationship is as Fig. 5 and 6, bearing 1 is welded on bottom plane skylight, bearing 2 is welded on expansion link or support column, two bearings are vertically connected, and like this, plane skylight just can to support as the x-axis of initial point and y-axis have been moved.Bearing needs three covers altogether, is arranged on respectively (bearing selects ball bearing or needle bearing according to the weight of whole device) on support column and two expansion links.So just can control the angle of plane skylight smoothly, finally make plane skylight be the angle of vertical sunshine
Control to resolve:
As Fig. 1: Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 represent photoresistance RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8 respectively.The sensitive surface of photoresistance RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4 is installed, as Fig. 2 with the angle of vertical plane skylight.Because tellurian sunray is almost absolute parallel, like this, the light situation of RL1 and RL3 is opposition, and RL3 can not light when light for RL1 in other words, and when RL3 light, RL1 can not light.In like manner, when RL2 light, RL4 can not light, and when RL4 light, RL2 can not light.The mounting means of RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8: these 4 resistance are arranged on one movably just side by side, the surface level of the parallel the earth of sensitive surface, down, in other words, their sensitive surface cannot be shined upon forever, and, their sensitive surface can not be dark environment, ensures that the atmospheric refraction illumination value suffered by all photoresistance of package unit is identical.
The photoresistance of plane skylight side all can not be sunlighted the angle of (having sunshine), is namely the angle (as Fig. 4) of plane skylight vertical plane to sunshine.
When any photoresistance all can not be sunlighted (such as cloudy day etc.), because atmospheric refraction, the illumination value of RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8 sensitive surface is the same, again because cover light grey glass, so resistance is all in the resistance in the dark state of high value, the electric current of two coils of such electromagnetic relay is equal, and the magnetic force of generation is also equal, thus armature is equilibrated at the point between two coils.And as photoresistance RL1, RL2, RL3, when RL4 certain or certain two is sunlighted, resistance sharply declines, resistance can compare RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8 is much smaller, RL1, RL2, RL3, the electric current that the corresponding coil of RL4 flows through compares RL5, RL6, RL7, the electric current of the corresponding coil of RL8 is large, the magnetic force produced is just large, armature is attracted to RL1, RL2, RL3, coil corresponding to RL4, contact closure, connect corresponding operating circuit, control the rotating of motor, the side of irradiated photoresistance place plane skylight is declined, the running of two motors is independent of each other.Until RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4 cannot be illuminated, RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8 resistance is equal, and the equal magnetic force of corresponding coil current is equal, and armature resets, and working current disconnects, and motor stops (as Fig. 8-10).
This scheme is applicable to no matter plane skylight and how changes (but all the time vertical sunshine), the occasion that also can not have an impact to other aspects.Such as solar power plant, flat solar water heater etc.
Scheme two:
Material: single-pole double-throw (SPDT) microswitch
Mechanical course plate
All the other materials are identical with scheme one
Material detailed rules and regulations illustrate:
1, photoresistance 9.
2, single-pole double-throw (SPDT) microswitch 2.
3, Mechanical course plate 1 piece
4, all the other materials are identical with scheme one
The installation of device can be any angle, any position.But for the ease of analyzing examples, the installation initial position of device as shown in Figure 15,16.Resolve as follows:
1, KM2 has two groups of contacts, and one group connects as often opening, and one group connects as normally closed, concrete as working circuit diagram.
2, single-pole double-throw (SPDT) microswitch, as the effect of travel switch.Be distributed in the both sides rotating the heart, as Figure 11, according to the original state of its place circuit photoresistance control circuit, called after S2 and S4.9 respectively.The position relationship of circle cutter top and guide groove as Figure 13 and 14, when top not at guide groove time, the bottom of a little higher than guide groove is wanted at top, and only in this way, guide groove could carry out mechanical trigging control to two travel switches, realizes single-pole double-throw (SPDT).Because can to circle cutter and base pressure when guide groove maintains the original state of two travel switches, in order to prevent mechanical damage, travel switch be arranged on flexible spring abutment, makes switch can have certain displacement in the direction based on base.After circle cutter connects by initial circuit, circle cutter initial towards as shown in figure 11
3, Mechanical course plate: be arranged on by guide groove on one block of Mechanical course plate, rotation center overlaps with the position of support column, as Figure 11,12.Semi-circular shape guide groove groove requires that matter is hard, smooth.The effect of guide groove: the state changing a travel switch when 1, whole device rotates 180 ° does not affect the state of another travel switch simultaneously.2, the device anglec of rotation is within 180 °, maintains the original state of two switches.
4, two monophase machine called after M3 and M4 respectively.As Figure 16, M3 install on the support columns, control the forward-reverse of expansion link thus the angle theta between change plane skylight and support column by the triggering rotating of photoresistance
1, 0 °≤θ
1≤ 360 °.M4 is arranged on pedestal, makes support bar and above device clockwise and be rotated counterclockwise by the triggering rotating of photoresistance.M4 must can rotating, this is because device can not rotate (such as turning clockwise) always in a direction always, otherwise the connecting line of device, pipe etc. can be turned round volume, is sprained until twist off.The co-controlling of two motors finally makes plane skylight form the state of vertical sunshine
5, KM2 pins the effect of KM4: when RL2 and RL9 is subject to the irradiation of sunlight simultaneously, operating condition rotation that motor M 4 controls with RL2 (this kind of situation as: the Southern Hemisphere, device are original state position (Figure 15).Weather is at the cloudy day in the morning, and clear up in the afternoon, and sunshine irradiates RL2 and RL9 simultaneously)
6, when M4 drives whole device to be rotated counterclockwise to 180 °, machinery triggers S2, and make it to throw position and be switched to another cutter circle, now the circuit that is rotated counterclockwise at former RL2 place becomes dextrorotation shifting circuit, and when RL2 is sunlighted again, device turns clockwise.When device spinning reduction, S2 returns and throws, circuit restoration.This process, S4.9 state does not change always; .
When whole device dextrorotation goes to 180 °, trigger S4.9, make it to throw position and be switched to another cutter circle, now the dextrorotation shifting circuit at former RL4, RL9 place becomes and is rotated counterclockwise circuit, and when RL4, RL9 are sunlighted again, device is rotated counterclockwise.When device spinning reduction, S4.9 returns and throws, circuit restoration.This process, S2 state does not change always; .
Sum up: no matter turn clockwise or be rotated counterclockwise, as long as rotate to after 180 °, device will turn round reset.Do not rotate 180 °, whole device character of circuit do not change
This scheme is applicable to the occasion that can not arbitrarily change plane skylight and don't affect other, can not rotate always and twist off the solar energy equipment of circuit spool as ramp type solar water heater and some.Therefore can not image space case one simple designs like that.
Example analysis
If this device is used in ramp type solar water heater, resolved by Figure 17.Because its principle is microcirculatory cold and hot laminar flow, in order to form laminar flow, laminar flow pipe can not level.A laminar flow limiting angle θ must be produced
2, control 0 ° of < θ
2< 90 °.Because 0 ° of < θ
2< 90 °, so RL3 side forever can not higher than RL1 side, then water tank side can not be covered by the shade of plane skylight, and so just RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, RL9 can be installed concentratedly at one little of on Opital control board, side, each photoresistance place is constant.Parallel with plane skylight by Opital control board, the motion Complete Synchronization with plane skylight, is arranged on the top of water tank, as Figure 17.And must be designed to as shown in the figure by the both sides at Opital control board RL1, RL9 and RL3 place.This is to prevent: somewhere by sun vertical irradiation (somewhere between the tropic of north and south), can will ensure laminar flow high noon simultaneously, then sunshine must have an angle θ with plane skylight
3, θ during limit layer stream mode
2=θ
3=θ 4.Otherwise if θ 4=90 °, then RL9 can be sunlighted always, so, motor M 2 will turn clockwise always → be rotated counterclockwise → turn clockwise ...
Scheme one fewer than scheme two and install simple with material, scheme two can reach the effect do not reached of scheme one.In brief, scheme one can be cost-saving, and scheme two is applied widely.Two schemes have his own strong points
Device technique core: according to the approximately parallel phenomenon of sunshine, is arranged on the side by tabula rasa by photoresistance, the photoresistance of opposition side opposes by the situation of illumination.Intensity of illumination suffered by the sensitive surface of photoresistance is different, the resistance of photoresistance is also different, the electric current that the electromagnetic relay coil of the side that resistance is little flows through is large, the magnetic force produced is strong, by armature adhesive, and triggering work circuit, thus make corresponding motor generation rotating, the side at illuminated photoresistance place is declined, thus regulates the angle of plane skylight and sunshine, be plane skylight vertical plane direction to sunshine without any photoresistance by situation about shining upon until adjust to.Light-electricity and mechanical control voluntarily in operation, without the need to artificial operation, pure robotization.
The improvement that the present invention carries out mainly for solar energy light collecting, the foregoing is only present pre-ferred embodiments, non-ly therefore namely limit to the scope of the claims of the present invention, therefore the simple and easy change of such as doing by instructions of the present invention and graphic content and equivalent transformation, all should be contained in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a sunflower-type solar energy lighting equipment, comprises plane skylight, the mechanical rotation device of plane skylight bottom and Transformer Rectifier control circuit, it is characterized in that:
Four sides of described plane skylight are provided with photoresistance, and mechanical rotation device is installed at the back side of plane skylight;
Described Transformer Rectifier control circuit comprises photoresistance and electromagnetic relay, photoresistance sensitive surface in plane skylight side is installed with the angle of vertical plane skylight, intensity of illumination suffered by the sensitive surface of each side photoresistance is different, the resistance of photoresistance is also different, the electric current that the electromagnetic relay coil of the side that resistance is little flows through is large, and the magnetic force of generation is strong, by armature adhesive, triggering work circuit, thus make corresponding motor generation rotating.
2. sunflower-type solar energy lighting equipment as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described gearing comprises the support column and expansion link three that are connected to the plane skylight back side heart.Described support column connects motor three, described motor three drives support column to rotate, and described expansion link three connects motor four, and expansion link three is changed by the flexible plane skylight direction that realizes of bar, after motor four rotates 180 °, the single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) of circuit controls motor four change and turns to.
3. sunflower-type solar energy lighting equipment as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described stationary installation comprises the fixed pin of fixing outrigger, axle left and right fixed mount and fixation.
4. sunflower-type solar energy lighting equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Transformer Rectifier control circuit set-up mode is: side photoresistance is RL1, RL2, RL3 and RL4, respectively with photoresistance RL5, RL6, RL7 and RL8, form four pairs of resistance.When RL1, RL2, RL3 and RL4 receive sunlight, armature is attracted to the coil corresponding to RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, contact closure, connects corresponding operating circuit, control the rotating of motor, the side of irradiated photoresistance place plane skylight is declined.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310469768.9A CN104516361A (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2013-09-30 | Sunflower type solar lighting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310469768.9A CN104516361A (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2013-09-30 | Sunflower type solar lighting device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104516361A true CN104516361A (en) | 2015-04-15 |
Family
ID=52791838
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310469768.9A Pending CN104516361A (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2013-09-30 | Sunflower type solar lighting device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104516361A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105068562A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-11-18 | 湖北工业大学 | Sun tracking sensor |
| CN111678263A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-18 | 南京启景环境科技有限公司 | Solar energy and air energy coupling system controlled by using illumination |
| CN112161235A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-01 | 广州翼博慧互联网信息服务有限公司 | Solar street lamp energy storage mechanism based on internet |
| CN114337509A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-04-12 | 南京信息工程大学 | Electric energy photoelectric collection device and method for automatically tracking sun track |
-
2013
- 2013-09-30 CN CN201310469768.9A patent/CN104516361A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105068562A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-11-18 | 湖北工业大学 | Sun tracking sensor |
| CN111678263A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-18 | 南京启景环境科技有限公司 | Solar energy and air energy coupling system controlled by using illumination |
| CN111678263B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-09-09 | 南京启景环境科技有限公司 | Solar energy and air energy coupling system controlled by using illumination |
| CN112161235A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-01 | 广州翼博慧互联网信息服务有限公司 | Solar street lamp energy storage mechanism based on internet |
| CN114337509A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-04-12 | 南京信息工程大学 | Electric energy photoelectric collection device and method for automatically tracking sun track |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Abdollahpour et al. | Development of a machine vision dual-axis solar tracking system | |
| CN106130456A (en) | A kind of solar panel radiation direction automatic following system | |
| CA2731583C (en) | Solar-powered sun tracker | |
| CN202406063U (en) | Counterglow double-shaft tracking photovoltaic power generation device controlled by electric push rod-turbine motor | |
| CN104516361A (en) | Sunflower type solar lighting device | |
| CN205787917U (en) | A kind of solar energy photovoltaic panel being automatically adjusted angle | |
| CN106130459B (en) | A kind of photovoltaic bracket for realizing automatic tracing sunlight optimized incidence | |
| CN201717805U (en) | Solar three-dimensional automatic track follower | |
| CN110138326A (en) | A kind of novel biaxial photovoltaic tracking device | |
| CN205947314U (en) | Outdoor sun umbrella | |
| CN104976594B (en) | A kind of adjustable solar street light support in inclination angle and azimuth | |
| CN204287979U (en) | A kind of solar automatic tracking solar water heater | |
| CN102789239B (en) | Double-shaft high-precision solar tracking motor controller | |
| CN203350724U (en) | Novel solar inclination angle single-shaft tracking system | |
| CN104635754A (en) | Automatic sunlight tracking based solar water heater system | |
| CN107733345B (en) | A kind of control system of motion tracking solar plate | |
| CN201392479Y (en) | Solar direction automatic tracking and control device | |
| CN103809616B (en) | Be suitable for the control method of the position of sun dual-axis tracking system structure of partly covering | |
| KR101154787B1 (en) | Apparatus for collecting solar energy | |
| CN2811861Y (en) | Solar apparatus capable of moving to trace sun | |
| CN208705731U (en) | A kind of solar energy high-efficiency generation device | |
| CN200947181Y (en) | Fuzzy full-automatic following control system for strong focusing solar cell panel | |
| CN103457510A (en) | Solar condensing and tracking device | |
| CN208190571U (en) | A kind of intelligent solar solar panel fixing device for installing that can just rotate entirely | |
| CN104503484A (en) | Omnibearing sun tracker |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20150415 |