CN104507148A - Low-power-consumption wireless sensor network - Google Patents

Low-power-consumption wireless sensor network Download PDF

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CN104507148A
CN104507148A CN201410759624.1A CN201410759624A CN104507148A CN 104507148 A CN104507148 A CN 104507148A CN 201410759624 A CN201410759624 A CN 201410759624A CN 104507148 A CN104507148 A CN 104507148A
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module
data
sensor
node
low
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CN104507148B (en
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姜春艳
勾荣
陈希
范宇
刘伟彦
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Jiangsu Open University
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Jiangsu Open University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0251—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of local events, e.g. events related to user activity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种低功耗无线传感网，包括监控终端、网络、汇聚节点和传感节点；所述监控终端、网络、汇聚节点和传感节点依次相连；所述汇聚节点包括存储模块、GPRS模块、显示模块、无线射频模块、串口模块、时钟模块、处理器模块、电源模块；所述传感节点包括无线通信模块、主控模块、数据采集模块、供电模块，所述主控模块分别于无线通信模块、数据采集模块相连；所述供电模块分别为无线通信模块、数据采集模块供电；本发明硬件部分充分考虑降低能耗的需求，采用低功耗的硬件芯片；设备在休眠期时不进行通信，减少能耗，需要通信时，由主控模块进行启动，设计以节能为中心思想，节点不进行通信时，要及时进入休眠状态，降低能耗。

The invention discloses a low-power wireless sensor network, which includes a monitoring terminal, a network, a convergence node and a sensing node; the monitoring terminal, the network, the convergence node and the sensing node are connected in sequence; the convergence node includes a storage module , GPRS module, display module, wireless radio frequency module, serial port module, clock module, processor module, power supply module; Described sensing node comprises wireless communication module, main control module, data acquisition module, power supply module, and described main control module Connected to the wireless communication module and the data acquisition module respectively; the power supply module supplies power to the wireless communication module and the data acquisition module respectively; the hardware part of the present invention fully considers the need to reduce energy consumption, and adopts a low-power hardware chip; the device is in the dormant period When communication is not required, the energy consumption is reduced. When communication is required, the main control module starts it. The design focuses on energy saving. When the node does not communicate, it must enter the dormant state in time to reduce energy consumption.

Description

A kind of low-consumption wireless Sensor Network
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of low-consumption wireless Sensor Network, relate to agricultural equipment field of energy-saving technology.
Background technology
China is populous nation, ensures that the sustainable development of agricultural is the major issue needing to solve, and therefore adopts the precision agriculture of information technology to be that the important technical that China's agricultural modernization develops is selected.
Becoming more meticulous in agricultural planting, needing to monitor Agricultural Information at any time, as the growing environment factor of the crops such as water content, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, sleet of temperature, humidity, soil, carrying out modernization scientic planting, improving the seed output and quality of crops.Traditional agricultural monitoring system, carrys out each data of collect and transmit process by cable communicating technology, and wiring is complicated, and cost is higher, and sensing node can not random placement.After wireless communication technology grows up, Bluetooth technology is applied in agricultural environment acquisition system, but its transmission range is short, cannot meet the long-distance transmissions of broadacre agriculture.
Along with the development of technology of Internet of things, wireless sensor network technology can be used, a large amount of microsensor node deployment in monitored area, a kind of multihop self-organizing network system is formed by communication, obtain agricultural monitoring information, carry out long-distance transmissions, this will become one of important channel of precision agriculture infomation detection from now on.
In wireless sensor network, the important component part of data acquisition is sensor node, and it is extensively distributed in the large Tanaka of large area agricultural, collect and transmit agricultural environment information.But in long-term work, need powered battery, finite energy, power depletion, can not Information Monitoring.Therefore, be designed for the wireless sensor network system of agricultural monitoring, study and reduce energy consumption, key technology such as raising life cycle and reliability etc., improve energy efficiency and become one of main design principle of wireless sensor network to lengthen working hours.
In order to improve the energy efficiency of wireless sense network agricultural monitoring system, the measure and method that how to reduce node power consumption be studied, reducing the power consumption of system and very important meaning has been applied for agriculture test system.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: for the defect of prior art, provides a kind of low-consumption wireless Sensor Network, and hardware components takes into full account the demand reducing energy consumption, adopts the hardware chip of low-power consumption; Equipment did not communicate when rest period, reduced energy consumption, when needing communication, was started by main control module, designed thought centered by energy-conservation, when node does not communicate, will enter resting state in time, reduced energy consumption.
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical solutions:
A kind of low-consumption wireless Sensor Network, comprises monitor terminal, network, aggregation node and sensing node; Described monitor terminal, network, aggregation node are connected successively with sensing node;
Described aggregation node comprises memory module, GPRS module, display module, wireless radio frequency modules, serial port module, clock module, processor module, power module;
Described processor module is connected with memory module, GPRS module, display module, wireless radio frequency modules, serial port module, clock module respectively and sees, described power module is respectively processor module, display module, clock module are powered;
Described sensing node comprises wireless communication module, main control module, data acquisition module, supply module, and described main control module is connected respectively at wireless communication module, data acquisition module; Described supply module is respectively wireless communication module, data acquisition module is powered;
Sensing node: be extensively distributed in the region of specifying, gathered the data of monitored area by transducer, main control module processes image data and stores, and sends to aggregation node by wireless communication module.
Collect node: control wireless radio frequency modules periodically to the data that monitored area transmission broadcast frame and reception sensing node are sent by processor module, process and storing data information simultaneously, by GPRS network forwarding data information, finally send to monitor terminal.
Data acquisition module: adopt low-power consumption sensing integrated chip, there is the function of Temperature Humidity Sensor, optical sensor, barometric pressure sensor, air velocity transducer, sleet transducer respectively, the growing environment factor of crops is gathered;
Main control module: adopt low power processor, carries out process to the data of transducer collection and stores, and by wireless communication module information is sent to and collects node;
Wireless radio frequency modules: be mainly used in periodically sending broadcast frame to monitored area, the data message that transmitting-receiving sensing node sends;
Processor module: Low Power High Performance processor, controls and data processing each module of aggregation node.
Clock module: for recording current time information, adopt the CMOS real-time clock/calendar chip of low-power consumption, have all addresses of programmable clock out, interrupt output and brown-out detector and data by I2C bus interface, word address register embedded after at every turn reading and writing data can produce increment automatically;
Memory module: for memory function, adopts FLASH memory;
GPRS module: GPRS network is to task management node for data forwarding information.Require stable performance, realize high-speed seamless connection;
Display module: for liquid crystal display, includes RAM, can with CPU direct interface, connect microprocessor by parallel and serial two kinds of modes, there is sleep pattern;
Serial port module: standard serial port module;
Power Management Unit: be responsible for providing stable voltage to other each module;
Monitor terminal: for monitoring, can be mobile or fixed terminal, carry out respective handling for monitor task.
As further prioritization scheme of the present invention, described data acquisition module adopts low-power consumption sensor integrated chip, inside comprises transducer and AD conversion unit, described transducer and AD conversion unit inside integrated, described sensors A D conversion unit is connected with processor module.
As further prioritization scheme of the present invention, described display module comprises display screen and RAM memory.
As further prioritization scheme of the present invention, described clock module adopts the CMOS real-time clock/calendar chip of low-power consumption.
A method for low-consumption wireless Sensor Network, comprises the steps:
Step one: after energising, data acquisition module enters resting state through 11ms, and main control module does not send order, after 11ms rest period to data acquisition module before this, main control module sends one group of " starting transmission " sequential to data acquisition module, the initialization of data acquisition module;
Step 2: aggregation node definition beacon frame and Frame two kinds of forms, send the beacon frame of some every cycle T by wireless radio frequency modules, enter accepting state subsequently.Containing specific control information in beacon frame, for the use information of airtime synchronizing information and distribution node channel, binding time synchronized algorithm, access distributes time slot on request, realize the order transfer of node, sensing node received beacon frame, sensing node carries out data transmission to aggregation node;
Step 3: sensing node judges its current operating state according to the appointed information of the beacon frame received, and data are sent in the time slot of regulation; Main control module sends measuring command to data acquisition module, and the transducer in data acquisition module gathers environmental parameter by the environment residing for current crops, and transfers the environmental parameter of collection to the signal of telecommunication;
Step 4: analog quantity adornment is digital quantity well through AD conversion unit by the signal of telecommunication changed of transducer, and then send to main control module, main control module processes data and stores, and is then sent by wireless communication module;
Step 5: sensing node packs the data to Frame, is then sent by wireless communication module, and aggregation node receives data, and sensing node enters Low-power-consumptiodormancy dormancy state after sending ED, waits for next round beacon frame.
As further prioritization scheme of the present invention, described main control module adopts low-power scm, when single-chip microcomputer sends measuring command to transducer, the DATA in single-chip microcomputer SCK rising edge effectively and at SCK high level time, keep stable, then single-chip microcomputer will wait for that the measurement of transducer terminates.Transducer enters idle pulley by drop-down DATA to low level, represents the end of measuring;
Single-chip microcomputer is before again triggering SCK clock, and transducer sense data is to single-chip microcomputer; Data are first stored by single-chip microcomputer, and the measurement data of sensor transmissions 2 bytes and the CRC parity check of 1 byte, after the acknowledgement bit receiving CRC, show that communication terminates, and after measurement and communication complete, sensing node proceeds to park mode automatically.
The transmission of wireless communication module and Received signal strength process path all through highly integrated with optimization, can directly be connected with the microcontroller with main SPI, to realize the object of low-power consumption.When need not radio transceiver function time, use sleep state, when processor sends instruction, wireless communication module wakes up, receive send data.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme compared with prior art, has following technique effect: the present invention, when choosing hardware chip, take low-power consumption as standard, guaranteed performance prerequisite decline completely low-power consumption; Are separated the rest period of equipment and duty cycle, make full use of, equipment did not communicate when rest period, reduced energy consumption simultaneously, when needing communication, started by main control module, design thought centered by energy-conservation, when node does not communicate, resting state to be entered in time, reduce energy consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system configuration model calling schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be described below in detail embodiments of the present invention, the example of described execution mode is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has element that is identical or similar functions from start to finish.Being exemplary below by the execution mode be described with reference to the drawings, only for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention being interpreted as.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of low-consumption wireless Sensor Network, comprises monitor terminal, network, aggregation node and sensing node to system configuration model calling schematic diagram of the present invention; Described monitor terminal, network, aggregation node are connected successively with sensing node;
Described aggregation node comprises memory module, GPRS module, display module, wireless radio frequency modules, serial port module, clock module, processor module, power module;
Described processor module is connected with memory module, GPRS module, display module, wireless radio frequency modules, serial port module, clock module respectively and sees, described power module is respectively processor module, display module, clock module are powered;
Described sensing node comprises wireless communication module, main control module, data acquisition module, supply module, and described main control module is connected respectively at wireless communication module, data acquisition module; Described supply module is respectively wireless communication module, data acquisition module is powered;
(1) data acquisition module: be made up of transducer and AD conversion unit.For reducing power consumption, strengthen antijamming capability, adopt sensing and the highly integrated low-power chip of AD conversion unit, require that response rapidly, antijamming capability is strong, has direct I2C interface, export for converting digital signal to, directly can communicate with processor module, support low-power consumption mode simultaneously, after having gathered data, automatically can proceed to park mode.The sensing integrated chip of this acquisition module mainly contains integrated Temperature Humidity Sensor, barometric pressure sensor, air velocity transducer, sleet sensor, can gather the growing environment factor of crops.
(2) main control module: mainly carry out process to the data of transducer collection and store, is sent to information by wireless communication module and collects node.For reducing the power consumption of this node, this module selects features such as having super low-power consumption, higher data processing speed and working stability to adopt 16 bit processors of low-power consumption.
(3) wireless radio frequency modules: be mainly used in periodically sending broadcast frame to monitored area, the data message that transmitting-receiving sensing node sends.This module requires to adopt low-power consumption, low cost, low-voltage, high data rate radio frequency chip, IEEE802.15.4 standard ZigBee technology can be realized, 6LoWPAN technology receives and sends messages, low-power consumption: sleep (SLEEP)=0.2 μ A, transceiver closes (TRX_OFF)=0.4mA, accepting state (RX_ON)=9.0mA, seizure condition (BUSY_TX)=18mA (when transmitted power=5dBm).Its inside modules comprises artificial antenna electric device and digital modulator and demodulator, time and Frequency Synchronization and data buffer, between antenna and microcontroller interface, adopt complete radio interface, without the need to exterior antenna switch, two-way difference antenna leads is generally used for sending and receiving.The quantity of external device reduces as much as possible, need only be external by antenna, filter (for high-output power level), crystal and four shunt capacitances.
(4) clock module: for recording current time information, adopt the CMOS real-time clock/calendar chip of low-power consumption, have all addresses of programmable clock out, interrupt output and brown-out detector and data by I2C bus interface, word address register embedded after at every turn reading and writing data can produce increment automatically.
(5) memory module: for memory function, adopts FLASH memory, requires that memory space is large, low-voltage, sleep pattern electric current 1uA low in energy consumption, spi bus communication.
(6) GPRS module: GPRS network is to task management node for data forwarding information.Require stable performance, realize high-speed seamless connection.
(7) display module: for liquid crystal display, includes RAM, can with CPU direct interface, connect microprocessor by parallel and serial two kinds of modes, there is sleep pattern.
(8) serial port module: standard serial port module.
(9) power management module and supply module: be responsible for providing stable voltage to other each module.
(10) monitor terminal (task management node): for monitoring, can be mobile or fixed terminal, carry out respective handling for monitor task.
A method for low-consumption wireless Sensor Network, comprises the steps:
Step one: after energising, data acquisition module enters resting state through 11ms, and main control module does not send order, after 11ms rest period to data acquisition module before this, main control module sends one group of " starting transmission " sequential to data acquisition module, the initialization of data acquisition module;
Step 2: aggregation node definition beacon frame and Frame two kinds of forms, send the beacon frame of some every cycle T by wireless radio frequency modules, enter accepting state subsequently.Containing specific control information in beacon frame, for the use information of airtime synchronizing information and distribution node channel, binding time synchronized algorithm, access distributes time slot on request, realize the order transfer of node, sensing node received beacon frame, sensing node carries out data transmission to aggregation node;
Step 3: sensing node judges its current operating state according to the appointed information of the beacon frame received, and data are sent in the time slot of regulation; Main control module sends measuring command to data acquisition module, and the transducer in data acquisition module gathers environmental parameter by the environment residing for current crops, and transfers the environmental parameter of collection to the signal of telecommunication; Described processor module adopts single-chip microcomputer, when single-chip microcomputer sends measuring command to transducer, the DATA in single-chip microcomputer SCK rising edge effectively and at SCK high level time, keep stable, then single-chip microcomputer will wait for that the measurement of transducer terminates.Transducer enters idle pulley by drop-down DATA to low level, represents the end of measuring;
Single-chip microcomputer is before again triggering SCK clock, and transducer sense data is to single-chip microcomputer; Data are first stored by single-chip microcomputer, and the measurement data of sensor transmissions 2 bytes and the CRC parity check of 1 byte, after the acknowledgement bit receiving CRC, show that communication terminates, and after measurement and communication complete, transducer proceeds to park mode automatically.
Step 4: analog quantity adornment is digital quantity well through AD conversion unit by the signal of telecommunication changed of transducer, and then send to main control module, main control module processes data and stores, and is then sent by wireless communication module;
Step 5: sensing node packs the data to Frame, is then sent by wireless communication module, and aggregation node receives data, and sensing node enters Low-power-consumptiodormancy dormancy state after sending ED, waits for next round beacon frame.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned execution mode, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, can also makes a variety of changes under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept.The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but and be not used to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, make a little change when the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement can be utilized or be modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, in every case be do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, according to technical spirit of the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention, to any simple amendment that above embodiment is done, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., within the protection range all still belonging to technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种低功耗无线传感网，其特征在于：包括监控终端、网络、汇聚节点和传感节点；所述监控终端、网络、汇聚节点和传感节点依次相连； 1. A low-power wireless sensor network, characterized in that: comprising a monitoring terminal, a network, a convergence node and a sensing node; the monitoring terminal, a network, a convergence node and a sensing node are connected in sequence; 所述汇聚节点包括存储模块、GPRS模块、显示模块、无线射频模块、串口模块、时钟模块、处理器模块、电源模块； The aggregation node includes a storage module, a GPRS module, a display module, a radio frequency module, a serial port module, a clock module, a processor module, and a power supply module; 所述处理器模块分别与存储模块、GPRS模块、显示模块、无线射频模块、串口模块、时钟模块相连，所述电源模块分别为处理器模块、显示模块、时钟模块供电； Described processor module is connected with storage module, GPRS module, display module, wireless radio frequency module, serial port module, clock module respectively, and described power supply module is respectively processor module, display module, clock module power supply; 所述传感节点包括无线通信模块、主控模块、数据采集模块、供电模块，所述主控模块分别于无线通信模块、数据采集模块相连；所述供电模块分别为无线通信模块、数据采集模块供电； The sensing node includes a wireless communication module, a main control module, a data acquisition module, and a power supply module, and the main control module is connected to the wireless communication module and the data acquisition module respectively; the power supply modules are respectively a wireless communication module and a data acquisition module powered by; 传感节点：广泛分布在指定的区域，通过传感器采集监测区域的数据，主控模块对采集的数据进行处理和存储，并通过无线通信模块发送给汇聚节点； Sensor nodes: widely distributed in designated areas, collect data in the monitoring area through sensors, the main control module processes and stores the collected data, and sends them to the aggregation node through the wireless communication module; 汇集节点：通过处理器模块控制无线射频模块周期性向监测区域发送广播帧及接收传感节点发来的数据，同时处理并存储数据信息，通过GPRS网络转发数据信息，最终发送给监控终端； Gathering node: The processor module controls the radio frequency module to periodically send broadcast frames to the monitoring area and receive data from the sensor nodes, process and store the data information at the same time, forward the data information through the GPRS network, and finally send it to the monitoring terminal; 数据采集模块：采用低功耗传感集成芯片，分别包括温湿度传感器、光照传感器、大气压力传感器、风速传感器、雨雪传感器，对农作物的生长环境因素进行采集； Data acquisition module: adopt low-power sensor integrated chip, including temperature and humidity sensor, light sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor, wind speed sensor, rain and snow sensor, to collect the growth environment factors of crops; 主控模块：采用低功耗处理器，对传感器采集的数据进行处理与存储，通过无线通信模块把信息发送给汇集节点； Main control module: use a low-power processor to process and store the data collected by the sensor, and send the information to the collection node through the wireless communication module; 无线射频模块：主要用于周期性向监测区域发送广播帧，收发传感节点发送的数据信息； Wireless radio frequency module: mainly used to periodically send broadcast frames to the monitoring area, and send and receive data information sent by sensor nodes; 无线通信模块：主要用于周期性接收监测区域的广播帧，收发汇聚节点广播的数据信息； Wireless communication module: mainly used to periodically receive broadcast frames in the monitoring area, and send and receive data information broadcast by the aggregation node; 处理器模块：低功耗高性能处理器，对汇聚节点各模块进行控制和数据处理； Processor module: low-power high-performance processor, which controls and data-processes each module of the aggregation node; 时钟模块：用于记录当前时间信息； Clock module: used to record current time information; 存储模块：用于存储功能，采用FLASH存储器； Storage module: used for storage function, using FLASH memory; GPRS模块：GPRS网络向任务管理节点转发数据信息； GPRS module: GPRS network forwards data information to the task management node; 显示模块：与CPU直接接口，通过并行及串行两种方式连接微处理器，具有睡眠模式； Display module: directly interface with the CPU, connect to the microprocessor through parallel and serial, and have a sleep mode; 串口模块：标准串口模块； Serial port module: standard serial port module; 电源管理单元：负责提供稳定的电压给其它各模块； Power management unit: responsible for providing stable voltage to other modules; 监控终端：用于监控，可以是移动或固定终端，针对监控任务进行相应处理。 Monitoring terminal: used for monitoring, it can be a mobile or fixed terminal, and performs corresponding processing for monitoring tasks. 2.如权利要求1所述的一种低功耗无线传感网，其特征在于：所述数据采集模块采用低功耗传感器集成芯片，内部包括传感器和AD转换单元，所述传感器经由AD转换单元与处理器模块相连。 2. A low-power wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the data acquisition module adopts a low-power sensor integrated chip, which includes a sensor and an AD conversion unit, and the sensor is converted via AD The unit is connected to the processor module. 3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种低功耗无线传感网，其特征在于：所述显示模块包括显示屏和RAM存储器。 3. A low-power wireless sensor network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the display module includes a display screen and a RAM memory. 4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种低功耗无线传感网，其特征在于：所述时钟模块采用低功耗的CMOS 实时时钟日历芯片。 4. A kind of low power consumption wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described clock module adopts the CMOS real-time clock calendar chip of low power consumption. 5.如权利要求1-4所述的一种低功耗无线传感网的方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤： 5. the method for a kind of low power consumption wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1-4, is characterized in that: comprise the steps: 步骤一：通电后，数据采集模块经过11ms进入休眠状态，在此之前主控模块不对数据采集模块发送命令，11ms休眠期过后，主控模块向数据采集模块发送一组“启动传输”时序，完成数据采集模块的初始化； Step 1: After power on, the data acquisition module enters the dormant state after 11ms. Before that, the main control module does not send commands to the data acquisition module. After the 11ms dormancy period, the main control module sends a set of "start transmission" sequence to the data acquisition module, and the completion Initialization of the data acquisition module; 步骤二：汇聚节点定义信标帧和数据帧两种格式，每隔周期T通过无线射频模块发送一定数目的信标帧，随后进入接收状态；信标帧内含有特定的控制信息，用于广播时间同步信息和分配节点信道的使用信息，结合时间同步算法，按要求接入分配时隙，实现节点的有序传输，传感节点接收信标帧，传感节点向汇聚节点进行数据发送； Step 2: The aggregation node defines two formats of beacon frame and data frame, and sends a certain number of beacon frames through the radio frequency module every period T, and then enters the receiving state; the beacon frame contains specific control information for broadcasting The time synchronization information and the use information of the distribution node channel, combined with the time synchronization algorithm, access the distribution time slot as required to realize the orderly transmission of nodes, the sensor node receives the beacon frame, and the sensor node sends data to the sink node; 步骤三：传感节点根据收到的信标帧的指定信息判断其当前的工作状态，并在规定的时隙中发送数据；主控模块向数据采集模块发送测量命令，数据采集模块中的传感器将当前农作物所处的环境中采集环境参数，并将采集的环境参数转为电信号； Step 3: The sensor node judges its current working state according to the specified information of the received beacon frame, and sends data in the specified time slot; the main control module sends a measurement command to the data acquisition module, and the sensor in the data acquisition module Collect environmental parameters in the environment where the current crops are located, and convert the collected environmental parameters into electrical signals; 步骤四：传感器转换的电信号经过AD转换单元将模拟量转化为数字量，然后发送给主控模块，主控模块对数据做处理和存储，然后通过无线通信模块发送出去； Step 4: The electrical signal converted by the sensor converts the analog quantity into a digital quantity through the AD conversion unit, and then sends it to the main control module, which processes and stores the data, and then sends it out through the wireless communication module; 步骤五：传感节点将数据打包成数据帧，然后通过无线通信模块发送，汇聚节点接收数据，传感节点发送数据结束后进入低功耗休眠状态，等待下一轮信标帧。 Step 5: The sensor node packs the data into a data frame, and then sends it through the wireless communication module, the sink node receives the data, and the sensor node enters a low-power sleep state after sending the data, waiting for the next round of beacon frames. 6.如权利要求5所述的一种低功耗无线传感网，其特征在于：所述主控模块采用低功耗的单片机，当单片机向传感器发送测量命令时，单片机中的DATA 在SCK 上升沿有效且在SCK 高电平时、保持稳定，然后单片机要等待传感器的测量结束； 6. A kind of low power consumption wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described main control module adopts the single-chip microcomputer of low power consumption, when single-chip microcomputer sends measurement order to sensor, the DATA in the single-chip microcomputer is in SCK The rising edge is valid and remains stable when SCK is high, and then the MCU waits for the end of sensor measurement; 传感器通过下拉DATA 至低电平并进入空闲模式，表示测量的结束； The sensor indicates the end of the measurement by pulling DATA low and entering idle mode; 单片机在再次触发SCK 时钟前，传感器读出数据给单片机；数据先被单片机存储，传感器传输2个字节的测量数据和1 个字节的CRC 奇偶校验，在收到CRC 的确认位之后，表明通讯结束，在测量和通讯完成后，传感节点自动转入休眠模式。 Before the microcontroller triggers the SCK clock again, the sensor reads the data to the microcontroller; the data is first stored by the microcontroller, and the sensor transmits 2 bytes of measurement data and 1 byte of CRC parity check. After receiving the CRC confirmation bit, Indicates that the communication is over. After the measurement and communication are completed, the sensor node will automatically enter the sleep mode.
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