CN104505892A - 一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统 - Google Patents
一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104505892A CN104505892A CN201410838974.7A CN201410838974A CN104505892A CN 104505892 A CN104505892 A CN 104505892A CN 201410838974 A CN201410838974 A CN 201410838974A CN 104505892 A CN104505892 A CN 104505892A
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- Prior art keywords
- battery
- controller
- module
- battery pack
- charge
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound 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[Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen oxide Substances 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- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound 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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052813 nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous Oxide Chemical compound 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[O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0026—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially using safety or protection circuits, e.g. overcharge/discharge disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
Abstract
本发明公开了一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统，它包括：电压采集模块与多通道电池管理芯片导线连接；电池温度检测模块与电池管理芯片导线连接；电池均衡模块与电池管理芯片导线连接；电池管理芯片与控制器导线连接；电流检测模块与控制器导线连接；通讯模块与控制器导线连接；控制器与电池充电控制模块；本发明解决了在锂电池组充放电过程中普遍存在的由于电池组中电池单体的端电压、电池内阻以及容量因制造工艺，使用情况等情况导致的个体差异，使电池组的单体电池充放电不平衡，而造成的电池组有效使用寿命缩短、电池使用安全性降低等问题。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于充、放电电池智能化控制技术，尤其涉及一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统。
背景技术
[0002] 节能和环保是二十一世纪中国乃至世界最受关注的问题之一，随着社会的不断进步，交通运输业迅速发展，据不完全统计世界燃油汽车的总量已达8亿辆，燃油交通工具的不断增加给能源及环境带来了沉重的负担；据有关研究人员研究表明，以目前石油的开采速度计算世界石油资源仅可开采60到100年，同时燃油类的交通工具产生的尾气含有大量的一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化物、铅的化合物及颗粒物等，对空气产生严重污染，排放的二氧化碳加重了温室效应，由于资源短缺和环境污染，开发和利用新能源势在必行。
[0003] 在交通行业，锂电池可以用在电动车、电动自行车和电动汽车等领域，在野外靠太阳能供电行业，锂电池可以太阳能路灯、太阳能监测系统等领域。中国是世界上最大的汽车生产国和最大的汽车消费市场，据有关专家分析认为2015年中国电动汽车产销量将超过美国成为世界第一，中国很多大城市面临着严重的环境污染问题，无污染无公害的电动交通工具将大有取代传统燃油交通工具的趋势，其市场价值巨大，锂电池的使用越来越广泛，基于锂电池组应用都需要搭配一个管理系统来实现，虽然组成电池组的电池单体都会选择均一性较好的、同一厂家、同一型号的，但在制造过程中不可能确保其具有完全均一性，各串联电池单体间会存在充电或放电特性的差异；这种差异在充放电过程如不加以有效控制，会随次数增加而加剧，缩短电池组有效使用寿命。锂电池组在充放电过程中出现过温、过压、欠压、过流现象，这会造成电池中储能材料性能出现显著的劣化，使得电池单体自身性能下降、使用寿命缩短，也大大缩短电池组使用寿命。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明要解决的技术问题:提供一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统，以解决在锂电池组充放电过程中普遍存在的由于电池组中电池单体的端电压、电池内阻以及容量因制造工艺，使用情况等情况导致的个体差异，使电池组的单体电池充放电不平衡，而造成的电池组有效使用寿命缩短、电池使用安全性降低等问题。
[0005] 本发明技术方案:
一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统，它包括:
电压采集模块，采集电池组中各个单体电池的实时电压，与多通道电池管理芯片和电池组导线连接；
电池温度检测模块，检测电池组中各个单体电池的实时温度，与多通道电池管理芯片导线连接；
电池均衡模块，电池组充电情况下根据控制器的输出状态，实现单体电池旁路均衡充电的控制，与电池组和多通道电池管理芯片导线连接； 多通道电池管理芯片，接收电压采集模块和电池温度检测模块信息，上传给控制器，将控制器输出的控制命令，下传给相应通道的均衡模块，与控制器和电池均衡模块导线连接;
电流检测模块，实时检测电池组的充、放电流，与控制器导线连接；
通讯模块，实现与外部设备通讯，与控制器导线连接；
控制器，接收多通道电池管理芯片各通道上的电压、温度信息，进行信息处理，然后输出控制命令；
电池充电控制模块，在控制器控制下对电池进行欠压充电、预充电、恒流充电、恒压充电、涓流充电，利用控制器输出不同占空比的高频脉冲信号，控制充电回路中场效应管的通断实现电流调整，对电池进行变电流充电，与控制器导线连接。
[0006] 它还包括充电设备连接检测模块，对充电设备进行连接检测，与控制器导线连接。
[0007] 它还包括电池放电控制模块，电池放电控制模块通过控制放电回路中的场效应管来实现放电回路的通断，放电控制模块与控制器导线连接。
[0008] 电池温度检测模块通过NTC热敏电阻来检测电池温度。
[0009] 电流检测模块是在电池组主回路上连接一个采样电阻，检测采样电阻两端电压信号，检测到的电压信号通过差分放大电路放大后送至控制器，控制器根据伏安特性计算出检测电流。
[0010] 多通道电池管理芯片为BQ76PL536模块。
[0011] 电池均衡模块通过控制器输出的平衡控制信息与多通道电池管理芯片匹配后，控制多通道电池管理芯片对应平衡输出管脚来实现旁路电路的通断。
[0012] 本发明的有益效果:
本发明通过采集电池组及各个电池的电压、电流、和温度信息，通过电池组均衡模块、充电设备连接检测模块、电池充放电控制模块，解决锂电池组充电过程中的过温保护、电流控制和充电过程处理如欠压充电、预充电、恒流充电、恒压充电、涓流充电和电池不平衡等一系列问题；放电过程中的过温保护、过流保护、欠压保护等实时检测处理。极大提高电池组有效使用率、提升电池组使用安全性、有效延长其使用寿命和实现系统通过可行性，在有效保证了电池安全使用的同时，也有效延长其使用寿命。
[0013] 本发明的电池充电:通过采用充电设备连接检测模块主动检测的方法,系统检测外部充电设备是否有效连接，若有效，则告知控制器进行充电前的检测和设定充电的方式并开启充电。与“被动充电状态检测”相比，有效避免“被动充电状态检测”对电池在欠压和预充状态造成电池中储能材料性能显著的下降；分别实时采集电池组中的每一组串联电压，没有采用传统的总电压采集或部分电压分压采集，使采集更精确，保证了每个单体都不会出现有过充的现象；控制器通过电池温度检测模块实时采集电池组温度，实时监测和限制电池组运行的温度，有效避免电池组在过温状态造成电池中储能材料性能显著的下降；提高安全性和延长电池使用寿命；采用了基于“主动充电状态检测”、“充电开关控制”、“充电电流检测”、“充电电流控制”、“温度检测”和“旁路平衡”为一体的闭环新型模糊平衡控制方式，有效地保证电池组的充电安全和在设定充电范围内的绝对有效平衡，实现按电池特性来充电，保证了电池单体本身的差异不随充放电次数增加而传递，从而及大延长电池组的有效使用寿命。
[0014] 本发明放电控制:通过电池温度检测模块实时采集电池组温度，实时监测和限制电池组运行的温度，有效避免电池在过温状态造成电池中储能材料性能显著的下降；分别实时采集电池组中的每一组串联电压，没有采用传统的总电压采集或部分电压分压采集，使采集更精确，保证了每个单体都不会出现有过放的现象；放电电流检测，有效保证电池组在安全电流内放电，有效避免电池在过流状态造成造成电池中储能材料性能显著的下降，从而提高使用安全性和延长电池使用寿命。本发明解决了在锂电池组充放电过程中普遍存在的由于电池组中电池单体的端电压、电池内阻以及容量因制造工艺，使用情况等情况导致的个体差异，使电池组的单体电池充放电不平衡，而造成的电池组有效使用寿命缩短、电池使用安全性降低等问题。
[0015] 附图说明:
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为本发明电池均衡模块结构示意图；
图3为本发明芳路电路结构意图；
图4为电池充电控制模块控制原理示意图。
具体实施方式
[0016] 一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统，它包括(见图1):
电压采集模块，采集电池组中各个单体电池的实时电压，与多通道电池管理芯片和电池组导线连接。
[0017] 电池温度检测模块，实时检测电池组中各个单体电池的温度，与电池管理芯片导线连接。
[0018] 电池均衡模块，控制单体电池的充电电流，与多通道电池管理芯片和电池组导线连接。
[0019] 多通道电池管理芯片，接收电压采集模块和电池温度检测模块信息，上传给控制器，将控制器输出的控制状态，下传给相应通道的均衡模块，实现“多到一”信息采集和“一到多”控制分配工作，与控制器和电池均衡模块导线连接，多通道电池管理芯片为BQ76PL536。
[0020] 电流检测模块，实时检测电池组的充、放电流，与控制器导线连接。
[0021] 通讯模块，实现与外部设备通讯，与控制器导线连接。
[0022] 控制器，接收各功能模块信息及电池管理芯片上各通道上的电压、温度等信息)，信息处理，输出各功能模块控制器状态及控制命令，完成系统闭环控制工作，控制器采用TI公司MSP430F5529单片机。
[0023] 电池充电控制模块(见图4)，在控制器对各功能模块信息收集和处理以及控制电池组安全基础之上，实现完全符合电池充电特性的五段式智能充电，即欠压充电、预充电、恒流充电、恒压充电、涓流充电，通过控制器的引脚P2.0和P7.1输出信号控制或门电路来控制充电控制电路来实现对单体电池充电。
[0024] 电池温度检测模块，检测电池组中各个单体电池的实时温度，与多通道电池管理芯片和NTC热敏电阻导线连接。
[0025] 电池放电控制模块，在控制器对各功能模块信息收集和处理的基础之上，放电控制模块通过控制放电回路中的场效应管来实现放电回路的通断，以此来控制电池组在安全基础上合理有效放电，与控制器导线连接，为了实现大电流控制放电回路中的场效应管采叠加并联独立控制技术来实现。
[0026] 电流检测模块是在电池组主回路上连接一个毫欧级金属膜低温漂采样电阻，检测采样电阻两端电压，信号经常规调理后通过低噪声、抗干扰强的差分放大电路放大后送至控制器，控制器根据伏安特性计算出检测电流。
[0027] 电池均衡模块通过控制器平衡控制输出经过多通道电池管理芯片匹配后，控制对应平衡控制输出管脚来控制旁路电路的通断，以实现控制单体电池的均衡充电，即开启不同单体使用不同充电电流充电，使整个电池组保持均衡。
[0028] 充电设备连接检测模块，通过光电隔离检测充电设备的有效连接，告知控制器是否可以进行充电操作，与控制器导线连接。
[0029] 由于内阻、容量、自放电和衰减特性等的不同可能引起电池组中单体电池的电压不平衡，在充电过程中，如图2、3所示与多通道电池管理芯片BQ76PL536相连的旁路电路通过平衡控制输出管脚CB X来控制旁路电路的通断，控制单体电池的充电电流，进而使整个电池组保持均衡，这样有利于延长电池的使用寿命，提高电池组中各个单体电池的利用率。在VC X和VC x+1之间可以采集单体电池电压,并把电压原始数据存储起来进一步处理。控制器通过多通道电池管理芯片BQ76PL536采集各组单体电池电压，本实施例以12组单体电池为例说明，第一通道电压为第一个多通道电池管理芯片BQ76PL536的VCO至VCl的电压，第二通道电压为多通道电池管理芯片BQ76PL536的VCl至VC2的电压，以此类摧，第六通道电压为多通道电池管理芯片BQ76PL536的VC5至VC6的电压；第七通道电压为多通道电池管理芯片BQ76PL536的VCO至VCl的电压，以此类摧第十二通道电压为多通道电池管理芯片BQ76PL536的VC5至VC6的电压。控制器通过对充电设备连接检测模块、电流检测模块、电池温度检测模块和电池充电电流控制模块的信息采集，实施闭环控制，即充电开启与关闭，采用五段式充电电流的调整与控制，实现不同单体电池间采用不同电流的调整(控制器通过对多通道电池管理芯片BQ76PL536的输出管脚CB x的控制，实现旁路电路的通断控制)。COVN、DYDR、ALERT、FAULT和SPI为控制器和多通道电池管理芯片BQ76PL536通信相关信号。
[0030] 本发明图3中所述的536指的多通道电池管理芯片BQ76PL536，单体指的是单体电池。
Claims (7)
1.一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统，它包括: 电压采集模块，采集电池组中各个单体电池的实时电压，与多通道电池管理芯片和电池组导线连接； 电池温度检测模块，检测电池组中各个单体电池的实时温度，与多通道电池管理芯片导线连接； 电池均衡模块，电池组充电情况下根据控制器的输出状态，实现单体电池旁路均衡充电的控制，与电池组和多通道电池管理芯片导线连接； 多通道电池管理芯片，接收电压采集模块和电池温度检测模块信息，上传给控制器，将控制器输出的控制命令，下传给相应通道的均衡模块，与控制器和电池均衡模块导线连接； 电流检测模块，实时检测电池组的充、放电流，与控制器导线连接； 通讯模块，实现与外部设备通讯，与控制器导线连接； 控制器，接收多通道电池管理芯片各通道上的电压、温度信息，进行信息处理，然后输出控制命令； 电池充电控制模块，在控制器控制下对电池进行欠压充电、预充电、恒流充电、恒压充电、涓流充电，利用控制器输出不同占空比的高频脉冲信号，控制充电回路中场效应管的通断实现电流调整，对电池进行变电流充电，与控制器导线连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统，其特征在于:它还包括充电设备连接检测模块，对充电设备进行连接检测，与控制器导线连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统，其特征在于:它还包括电池放电控制模块，电池放电控制模块通过控制放电回路中的场效应管来实现放电回路的通断，放电控制模块与控制器导线连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统，其特征在于:电池温度检测模块通过热敏电阻来检测电池温度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统，其特征在于:电流检测模块是在电池组主回路上连接一个采样电阻，检测采样电阻两端电压信号，检测到的电压信号通过差分放大电路放大后送至控制器，控制器根据伏安特性计算出检测电流。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统，其特征在于:多通道电池管理芯片为即76？1536模块。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种充、放电电池组智能化控制系统，其特征在于:电池均衡模块通过控制器输出的平衡控制信息与多通道电池管理芯片匹配后，控制多通道电池管理芯片对应平衡输出管脚来实现旁路电路的通断。
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