CN104504936B - General aviation aircraft navigation monitoring device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a general aviation aircraft navigation monitoring method and device. A device based on mobile public network communication, GPS (Global Positioning System)/Beidou double-system navigation positioning and Beidou satellite communication comprises an interface circuit, an MCU (Microprogrammed Control Unit) microcontroller, a mobile public network communication module and a GPS/Beidou module, wherein the interface circuit comprises a level conversion interface circuit, a communication interface circuit and a display interface circuit; the mobile public network communication module and the Beidou module are connected to the MCU microcontroller through the interface circuits. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the positioning information of a GPS/Beidou positioning communication module through the MCU microcontroller; parsing the acquired positioning information; coding, compressing and packing the data information of time, longitude, latitude, speed, course and the like in a positioning information packet, and transmitting the information of positions, time, posture and the like to a monitoring center through the mobile public network communication module or the GPS/Beidou positioning communication module. Therefore, navigation monitoring of a general aviation aircraft is realized.

Description

A general aviation aircraft navigation monitoring device

Technical field: The present invention relates to a method and device suitable for navigation and monitoring of general aviation aircraft in low-altitude airspace. It is a method for encoding and compressing information such as longitude, latitude, speed, and heading of satellite navigation and positioning data. Real-time monitoring of general aviation aircraft's flight dynamics, flight attitude, and flight trajectory, and a device with a flight record and playback function for the entire airspace and no monitoring blind spots, is an important technical means and method for the safe flight of general aviation aircraft and the efficient management of low-altitude airspace.

Background technology: along with the national low-altitude airspace management reform work meeting organized by the State Council and the Air Traffic Control Committee of the Central Military Commission (hereinafter referred to as "National Air Traffic Control Committee") on November 21-23, 2014, it was determined that the true height is below 1,000 meters. The classified management of airspace shall be released in an orderly manner, with the goal of promoting the development of the general aviation industry and meeting the needs of the public, maximizing the utilization of low-altitude airspace resources, and promoting the rapid and healthy development of the general aviation industry. The implementation of this series of measures will play a more important role in the eventual realization of autonomous flight of general aviation aircraft in a wider range of applications.

However, with the increasing flight activities in low-altitude airspace and the gradual opening of low-altitude airspace in my country, the means of surveillance and service for aircraft in low-altitude airspace has become an important research topic. However, due to historical reasons, my country's low-altitude airspace has been under strict control for a long time, and the aviation control department lacks effective service guarantee systems such as communication, navigation, and surveillance. , can’t be connected, and can’t be controlled”, which seriously restricts the opening of low-altitude airspace and the development of related industries, and even seriously affects national air defense and flight safety. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a set of effective low-altitude airspace that is in line with my country’s national conditions A seamless monitoring and service system for aircraft in all time domains and all airspaces.

Low-altitude airspace refers to the airspace below 3,000 meters. General-purpose aircraft that perform flight tasks in low-altitude airspace have low flying altitude, slow flying speed, simple onboard equipment, poor operating environment, and are greatly affected by weather and geographical conditions. my country's low-altitude airspace is divided into control airspace, surveillance airspace and reporting airspace, among which the control airspace and surveillance airspace clearly require the realization of flight surveillance. Airspace surveillance is a technology that uses various surveillance equipment to conduct comprehensive surveillance of the flight activities of aircraft in the airspace. It is the key to ensuring flight safety and improving the efficiency of air traffic control operations. At present, the airspace surveillance methods commonly used by my country's low-altitude airspace aircraft include independent surveillance, cooperative surveillance and related surveillance. The common means of independent monitoring is primary radar surveillance, but primary radar cannot identify the identity of the target, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of air traffic management. The typical means of coordinated surveillance is secondary radar, which adopts a question-and-answer method, can have target recognition and data link functions, and can obtain more information than primary radar. However, the price of secondary radar is relatively expensive. It costs tens of millions of yuan to install a secondary radar, and the aircraft must also be equipped with a secondary transponder, which is not suitable for large-area low-altitude airspace aircraft. Moreover, radar signals are easily affected by factors such as obstacle shielding, poor coverage of low-altitude airspace, radar blind spots, and unable to provide timely security surveillance. Relevant monitoring refers to the navigation information obtained by the airborne navigation system, which is automatically sent to the ground receiving and processing system in real time through the satellite data link or the VHF air-ground data link. ADS-B technology requires the establishment of multiple ground service stations on the ground as infrastructure, which requires a huge investment and requires the joint construction of multiple national departments. It cannot solve the problem of low-altitude airspace surveillance in my country in the short term. Moreover, ADS-B signals are easily affected by terrain and obstacles, and low-altitude coverage can only be improved by increasing the number of monitoring centers, resulting in a significant increase in construction costs. Moreover, remote mountainous areas often do not have the conditions for site selection of ADS-B monitoring centers. In addition, the installation rate of ADS-B equipment onboard general-purpose aircraft is low at present, making modification difficult.

Therefore, the problems existing in these current methods are mainly manifested in: (1) Radar has the problem of "invisible, unconnectable, and uncontrollable" for "low, small and slow" low-altitude airspace aircraft cooperative and non-cooperative targets; (2) ) Radar is expensive and the deployment period is long; (3) ADS-B technology requires the establishment of multiple ground service stations on the ground as infrastructure, which requires a huge investment, and the installation rate of ADS-B equipment is low, making it difficult to refit.

Since my country started the construction of the Beidou satellite navigation system in 1994, my country's Beidou system not only has the functions of RNSS navigation and positioning, but also has the function of RDSS two-way short message information service. Mobile public network communication Mobile wireless public network communication has covered most areas, even railways, highways, waterways, important facilities, and tourist attractions in remote areas have been basically covered. It has the characteristics of fast communication speed, small delay, and low cost. The organic combination of the two can provide an integrated solution for the navigation, communication and surveillance of low-altitude airspace aircraft.

Summary of the invention: The present invention aims at the problems existing in the prior art, and provides a general aviation aircraft navigation and monitoring method and device based on mobile public network communication, GPS/Beidou dual system navigation and positioning, and Beidou satellite communication. The technical problems of the present invention are solved Yes: overcome the limitation of Beidou satellite communication on the length of data packets, propose a method of encoding and compressing navigation and positioning data packets, reduce the length of data transmission, and improve transmission efficiency; overcome the low-altitude blind spots in existing radar surveillance and ADS-B surveillance In order to solve the deficiencies, a general aviation aircraft navigation monitoring method and device are provided which are low-cost, small in size, portable, can automatically switch data transmission and communication modes, and cover the entire airspace.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a general aviation aircraft navigation monitoring device, including an interface circuit, an MCU microcontroller, a mobile public network communication module and a GPS/Beidou positioning communication module, wherein the interface circuit includes a level A conversion interface circuit, a communication interface circuit, and a display interface circuit, these interface circuits connect the mobile public network communication module and the Beidou module to the MCU microcontroller.

A general aviation aircraft navigation monitoring method, first the MCU microcontroller obtains the positioning information of the GPS/Beidou positioning communication module, analyzes it, and encodes, compresses and encodes data information such as time, longitude, latitude, speed, and heading in the positioning information package. After packing, information such as position, time and attitude are sent to the monitoring center through the mobile public network communication module or GPS/Beidou positioning communication module, so as to realize the navigation and monitoring of general aviation aircraft.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that: the present invention utilizes low-cost mobile public network communication mobile public network communication and GPS/Beidou navigation technology to construct a general aviation aircraft navigation and monitoring method device, and invents a navigation positioning position Compared with the existing radar and ADS-B technology, the data compression method has the following characteristics:

(1) Compared with radar and ADS-B technologies, the present invention has the advantages of complementary advantages of mobile public network communication and Beidou communication, effectively compensates for ADB-B and radar low-altitude surveillance blind spots, and can realize automatic switching. The circuit structure is simple, the volume is small, the weight is light, there is no electrical cross-linking with the airborne equipment, and it is portable and convenient.

(2) A TI MSP430 low-power chip is used as the processor to complete the control of the peripheral modules, and realize automatic switching of communication modes, friendly man-machine display, and reduce the power consumption of the controller. It is especially suitable for fields that have strict requirements on power consumption, such as general aviation.

(3) The MSP430F149 used in the device has dual serial ports, which can quickly realize system integration. The system has the function of real-time storage of airborne positioning data, and realizes the function of post-event playback and analysis of flight trajectory.

(4) Coding and compressing information such as time, longitude, latitude, speed and heading in the navigation and positioning data information, only a dozen bytes are needed to transmit the navigation information, the data length is reduced by nearly eight times, and the data is greatly reduced. The length of the transmission improves the transmission efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of the MSP430F149 interface.

Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of RS232 level conversion.

Fig. 4 is a structural block diagram of the mobile public network communication module.

Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the SIM card.

Fig. 6 is a power circuit diagram.

Fig. 7 is a flow chart of the network connection program of the mobile public network communication module.

Fig. 8 is a flow chart of the mobile public network communication data communication program.

Fig. 9 is a flowchart of a method for encoding and compressing navigation and positioning data information.

detailed description:

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the MCU microcontroller uses MSP430F149. This type of processor has two asynchronous communication modules USART0 and USART1, which can be connected to the GPRS module and the Beidou module respectively. The processor completes the control of the module by sending AT commands to the mobile public network communication module. The GPS/Beidou positioning communication module is controlled by a self-customized protocol, and its output positioning information adopts the NAEA 0183 version protocol, which is output in ASCII format. The display module adopts TFT LCD color screen with a resolution of 128*160. Instructions and data are transmitted through the 8-bit standard Intel8080 bus.

As shown in Figure 2, the MCU microcontroller is MSP430F149, which has rich on-chip peripherals. It mainly includes the following peripheral modules: watchdog (WDT), timer A (Timer A), timer B (Timer B), comparator, serial port 0 (UART0), serial port 1 (UART1), hardware multiplier, 12-bit ADC port and basic timer. The comparator performs analog voltage comparison, and can be designed as an A/D converter with the timer; the timer has a capture/comparison function, which can be used for event counting, timing generation, PWM, etc.; the 12-bit hardware A/D converter has a higher Conversion rate, up to 200kbps, can meet most data acquisition applications.

As shown in Figure 3, the output level of the MSP430F149 does not match the level of the mobile public network communication module and the Beidou module. In the design, a conversion device with a level logic relationship is used to complete the bidirectional conversion of the serial port level.

As shown in Figure 4, Figure 7, and Figure 8, the mobile public network communication module design uses the FIBOCOM G610 mobile public network communication module. Among them, the baseband signal processor is the core part of the G610 communication module, and its function is equivalent to a protocol processor, which is used to process the AT commands sent by the external system through the serial port. The radio frequency part mainly realizes signal modulation and demodulation, and realizes the signal conversion between external radio frequency signal and internal baseband processor. The matching power supply provides the required power for the processor and the radio frequency part. The socket is the application interface provided to the user. The power supply part uses a linear voltage regulator to stabilize the external input power supply voltage for use by the baseband processor and the radio frequency part. SRAM is used to store some user configuration information, phone book and other information.

As shown in Figure 5, anti-static protection measures have been designed for the SIM card inside the SIM card module circuit. SIM_DATA has been pulled up internally and does not need to be pulled up to SIM_VCC externally. If only the 8-pin SIM card socket is used, connect the SIM_CD pin to the ground.

As shown in Figure 6, the whole device is powered by 9-12V. Among them, the mobile public network communication/GSM module integrates a voltage stabilizing circuit inside, so it directly uses 9-12V for power supply. The Beidou module adopts 5V power supply, and the MCU microcontroller adopts 3.3V voltage power supply. Considering that the hardware system must have the characteristics of voltage stabilization and small ripple for the power supply, and also consider the characteristics of low power consumption of the hardware system, the hardware The 3.3V power supply part of the system adopts the voltage regulator circuit composed of LM1117-3.3V chip, and the micro control adopts the voltage regulator circuit composed of LM7805 chip.

As shown in Figure 9, the position, time, speed, and heading information output by the GPS/Beidou navigation and positioning module are all in ASCII data format, which occupies a relatively large byte length. In the data coding and compression, the BCD code coding method is adopted for the time information, and the longitude and latitude parameter data are coded into data in units of seconds, which are amplified into integers, and finally the amplified data are converted into tens Hexadecimal value is used to represent; the speed parameter is encoded as data in meters per second, which is represented by one byte of data; the heading parameter is encoded by one byte of hexadecimal number to represent the output of navigation and positioning data heading information.

Claims (1)

1. A kind of general aviation aircraft navigation monitoring device, it is characterized in that: comprise interface circuit, MCU microcontroller, mobile public network communication module and GPS/ Beidou positioning communication module, wherein interface circuit comprises level conversion interface circuit, communication interface circuit , display interface circuits that connect the mobile public network communication module and the Beidou module to the MCU microcontroller; The MCU microcontroller adopts MSP430F149, and has two asynchronous communication modules USART0 and USART1, which are respectively connected to the GPRS module and the Beidou module; the MCU microcontroller completes the control of the module by sending AT commands to the mobile public network communication module; GPS/ The Beidou positioning communication module is controlled by a self-customized protocol, and its output positioning information adopts the NAEA0183 protocol, which is output in ASCII format. The display module adopts a TFT LCD color screen with a resolution of 128*160, which is transmitted through the 8-bit standard Intel8080 bus. Transmission of instructions and data; first, the MCU microcontroller obtains the positioning information of the GPS/Beidou positioning communication module, analyzes it, encodes, compresses and packs the time, longitude, latitude, speed, and heading data information in the positioning information package, and then sends the The position, time and attitude information is sent to the monitoring center through the mobile public network communication module or the GPS/Beidou positioning communication module, so as to realize the navigation and monitoring of general aviation aircraft; the position, time, speed and heading information output by the GPS/Beidou navigation and positioning module Both are in ASCII data format, occupying a relatively large byte length. In data encoding and compression, the time information is encoded in BCD code, and the longitude and latitude parameter data are encoded into data in seconds, and the It is amplified into an integer, and finally the amplified data is converted into a hexadecimal value to represent; the speed parameter is encoded as data in meters per second, represented by a 2-byte data; the heading parameter is represented in hexadecimal One byte of the system number is encoded to represent the heading information output by the navigation positioning data.