CN104502038B - A kind of measuring system and method for seal contact interface released gas rate - Google Patents
A kind of measuring system and method for seal contact interface released gas rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104502038B CN104502038B CN201410797661.1A CN201410797661A CN104502038B CN 104502038 B CN104502038 B CN 104502038B CN 201410797661 A CN201410797661 A CN 201410797661A CN 104502038 B CN104502038 B CN 104502038B
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- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001939 inductive effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabrics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reactions Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminants Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagrams Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metals Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001308 nitrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A kind of measuring system and method for seal contact interface released gas rate, belong to air seal fields of measurement.The system includes inlet duct, measurement apparatus and exhaust apparatus；Inlet duct includes air accumulator, inlet end pressure-control valve, inlet end flowmeter, inlet end pressure sensor and inlet end controlled valve, and it is connected to pass sequentially through admission line；The measurement apparatus include experiment nacelle, seal and support base；Exhaust apparatus includes vavuum pump, exhaust end pressure-control valve, exhaust end flowmeter, exhaust end pressure sensor and exhaust end controlled valve, and it is connected to pass sequentially through discharge duct；During experiment, experiment nacelle bottom is set to be completely attached to seal, by the way that the pressure being applied in experiment nacelle is varied multiple times, you can obtain different directions seal contact interface released gas rate under different contact stress.The connection of each part of the system and convenient disassembly, simple structure, measuring method are easy, and measurement result is accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the system and method for interfacial gases slip in sealing contact test, belong to air seal e measurement technology
Field.
Background technology
Seal be prevent fluid or solia particle from leaked between adjacent faying face and prevent introduced contaminants such as dust with
Moisture etc. invade machinery equipment inside a kind of important spare part, be widely used in space flight and aviation, automobile making, precision instrument,
The key areas such as hydraulic engineering, run well in guarantee instrument and equipment, and the aspect such as environmental protection serves important function.In sealing
It is to evaluate close during system is on active service, if the released gas rate along different directions on leakage and interface in sealing contact occurs
The key factor of seal apparatus sealing.
In existing sealing article, there is sealed product of the substantial amounts of surface with fabric to reduce fretting wear, extension
Service life, such as large aircraft hatch door seal.Due to the anisotropy of fabric construction, gas is on contact interface different directions
Slip it is also different.Traditional gas leakage method is broadly divided into two kinds, and one kind is directed to seal or sealing device entirety
Leakage situation is detected that the method cannot be directly against contact interface, it is impossible to consider the directionality of contact interface；Another kind is
Detected using the method for ultrasonic or missing gas for leakage point, such method can only be detected to single leakage point pointwise, no
The measurement of contact sealing can be solved the problems, such as.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of measuring system and method for interfacial gases slip in sealing contact, for measuring
The released gas rate of different directions under contact interface difference contact stress.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of seal contact interface released gas rate
Measuring system, it is characterised in that：The system includes inlet duct, measurement apparatus and exhaust apparatus；The inlet duct includes storage
Gas tank, inlet end pressure-control valve, inlet end flowmeter, inlet end pressure sensor and inlet end controlled valve；The survey
Amount device includes experiment nacelle, seal and support base；Seal is placed in support base, and seal all directions size is equal
More than the bottom of experiment nacelle, the bottom and seal for making experiment nacelle completely attach to；The exhaust apparatus includes vavuum pump, row
Gas side pressure force control valve, exhaust end flowmeter, exhaust end pressure sensor and exhaust end controlled valve；The air inlet end pressure
Control valve, inlet end flowmeter, inlet end pressure sensor and inlet end controlled valve pass sequentially through admission line and are connected；Institute
State vavuum pump, exhaust end pressure-control valve, exhaust end flowmeter, exhaust end pressure sensor and exhaust end controlled valve successively
It is connected by discharge duct；The admission line is connected with the Laboratory Module body phase respectively with the discharge duct.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the air accumulator is connected with inlet end pressure-control valve by air induction hose；The experiment
The bottom opening of nacelle is rectangle；The seal is sheet specimens.
The method of a kind of seal contact interface released gas rate that the present invention is provided, it is characterised in that methods described includes
Following steps：
1) when experiment nacelle is under barotropic condition：
A. the rectangle length for setting the first experiment nacelle bottom surface opening is b1, width is a, and Laboratory Module body thickness is l, will
Experiment nacelle is placed on sheet packing, makes both in sealing contact；
B. predetermined pressure is applied on experiment nacelle top so that contact interface gross pressure is F1, contact stress is：
C. close exhaust end controlled valve, connect air accumulator, after checking and determining that experimental system air-tightness is good, open into
Gas end switch valve and gas storage tank valve, adjust inlet end pressure-control valve, pressure in Laboratory Module body is more than atmospheric pressure, observation
Inlet end pressure sensor；
D. after inlet end pressure sensor reading keeps stabilization, inlet end flowmeter registration Q is recordeda1；
E. air accumulator is closed, second experiment nacelle is taken, it is enclosed bottom surface for length is b with seal2, b2≠b1, it is wide
It is a rectangles to spend, repeat step b to c, makes contact stress now identical with above-mentioned contact stress, so apply full payload becoming
For
F. after inlet end pressure sensor reading keeps stabilization, inlet end flowmeter registration Q is recordeda2；
G. slip of the seal under the contact stress is calculated：
According toThe formula of simultaneous two is subtracted each other and can be obtainedWherein qaIt is width
Contact interface unit length slip, q on directionbIt is the slip of contact interface on length direction, qcIt is corner's slip；
If lengthwise dimension and thickness do not change, only change width size, then obtained final product according to the above method
To qa；
H. the pressure being applied in experiment nacelle in step b is varied multiple times, repeat step a to g is listed and acted on Laboratory Module
Body is under barotropic condition, the slip of seal during by different pressures, you can obtain different directions under different contact stress
Contact interface released gas rate.
2) when experiment nacelle is under negative pressure condition：
A. the rectangle length for setting the first experiment nacelle bottom surface opening is b1, width is a, and Laboratory Module body thickness is l, will
Experiment nacelle is placed on sheet packing, makes both in sealing contact；
B. predetermined pressure is applied on experiment nacelle top so that contact interface gross pressure is F1, contact stress is：
C. inlet end controlled valve is closed, vavuum pump is connected, after checking and determining that experimental system air-tightness is good, the row of opening
Gas end switch valve and vavuum pump, adjust exhaust end pressure-control valve, pressure in Laboratory Module body is less than atmospheric pressure, observation exhaust
Side pressure force snesor；
D. after exhaust end pressure sensor reading keeps stabilization, exhaust end flowmeter registration Q is recordedb1；
E. vavuum pump is closed, second experiment nacelle is taken, it is enclosed bottom surface for length is b with seal2, b2≠b1, it is wide
The rectangle for a is spent, repeat step b to c makes contact stress at this moment identical with above-mentioned contact stress, so applying full payload
It is changed into
F. after exhaust end pressure sensor reading keeps stabilization, exhaust end flowmeter registration Q is recordedb2；
G. slip of the seal under the contact stress is calculated：
According toThe formula of simultaneous two is subtracted each other and can be obtainedWherein qaIt is width
Contact interface unit length slip, q on directionbIt is the slip of contact interface on length direction, qcIt is corner's slip；
If lengthwise dimension and thickness do not change, only change width size, then obtained final product according to the above method
To qa；
H. the pressure being applied in experiment nacelle in step b is varied multiple times, repeat step a to g is listed and acted on Laboratory Module
Body is under negative pressure condition, the slip of seal during by different pressures, you can obtain different directions under different contact stress
Contact interface released gas rate.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that compared with prior art：The experimental system can be used to measure difference under different contact stress
The interfacial gases slip in sealing contact in direction；The connection of each part of the present apparatus and convenient disassembly, simple structure, low cost；Together
When there is provided a kind of measurement experiment nacelle be in positive/negative-pressure in the case of interfacial gases slip in sealing contact method, simply may be used
OK, measurement result is accurate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of seal contact interface released gas rate detecting system.
Fig. 2 is the contact area schematic diagram for testing nacelle and seal.
In figure：1st, air accumulator；2nd, air induction hose；3rd, inlet end pressure-control valve；4th, admission line；5th, inlet end flow
Meter；6th, inlet end pressure sensor；7th, inlet end controlled valve；8th, nacelle is tested；9th, seal；10th, exhaust end controlled valve；
11st, discharge duct；12nd, exhaust end pressure sensor；13rd, exhaust end flowmeter；14th, exhaust end pressure-control valve；15th, vacuum
Pump；16th, support base；17th, contact interface.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and case study on implementation the invention will be further described.
A kind of structural principle of the measuring system of seal contact interface released gas rate that Fig. 1 is provided for the present invention is illustrated
Figure, the measuring system includes inlet duct, measurement apparatus and exhaust apparatus；The inlet duct includes air accumulator 1, air inlet side pressure
Force control valve 3, inlet end flowmeter 5, inlet end pressure sensor 6 and inlet end controlled valve 7；The measurement apparatus include
Experiment nacelle 8, seal 9 and support base 16；Seal 9 is placed in support base 16, and all directions size of seal 9 is big
In the bottom of experiment nacelle 8, the bottom and seal 9 for making experiment nacelle 8 completely attach to.The exhaust apparatus includes vavuum pump
15th, exhaust end pressure-control valve 14, exhaust end flowmeter 13, exhaust end pressure sensor 12 and exhaust end controlled valve 10；
The inlet end pressure-control valve 3, inlet end flowmeter 5, inlet end pressure sensor 6 and inlet end controlled valve 7 are successively
It is connected by admission line 4；The vavuum pump 15, exhaust end pressure-control valve 14, exhaust end flowmeter 13, exhaust end pressure are passed
Sensor 12 and exhaust end controlled valve 10 pass sequentially through discharge duct 11 and are connected；The admission line 4 and the discharge duct
11 are connected with the experiment nacelle 8 respectively.
The gas-pressurized for detecting seal 9 and the slip of 8 contact interface of experiment nacelle 17 is stored in air accumulator 1,
The gas-pressurized needs the gas according to needed for the selection of the material of seal 9, can use air, nitrogen or other non-aggressive gas
Body, it is ensured that it does not occur oxidation reaction or corrosion reaction with seal 9；The air accumulator 1 is general with inlet end pressure-control valve 3
It is connected by air induction hose 2.The experiment nacelle 8 is the cuboid metal ghost of bottom opening, and thickness of shell is l, is arranged on
Between the admission line 4 and discharge duct 11.Apply predetermined pressure in experiment nacelle 8, to being placed on the support base
The seal 9 on 16 carries out crush seal.The inlet end pressure-control valve 3 and exhaust end pressure-control valve 14 can make
Pressure reaches predetermined value in experiment nacelle 8, and the inlet end pressure sensor 6 and exhaust end pressure sensor 12 can Laboratory Modules
Whether pressure reaches predetermined value in body 8, and the gas that the inlet end flowmeter 5 is used for when measurement experiment nacelle 8 is in malleation is let out
Leakage quantity, the quantity of gas leakage when exhaust end flowmeter 13 is used for measurement experiment nacelle 8 in negative pressure.
Present invention also offers one kind using systematic survey experiment nacelle 8 in boundary in sealing contact in the case of positive/negative-pressure
The method of the released gas rate of face 17, it comprises the following steps：
1) when the inside of experiment nacelle 8 is under barotropic condition：
A. it is shown in Figure 2, if the rectangle length of the first experiment nacelle 8 bottom surface opening is b1, width is a, experiment
The thickness of nacelle 8 is l, and experiment nacelle 8 is placed on sheet packing 9, makes both in sealing contact；
B. predetermined pressure is applied on experiment nacelle 8 top, the gross pressure for being subject to contact interface 17 is F1, contact stress
For：
C. exhaust end controlled valve 10 is closed, air accumulator 1 is connected, after checking and determining that experimental system air-tightness is good, is beaten
Drive gas end switch valve 6 and the valve of air accumulator 1 into, regulation inlet end pressure-control valve 3 makes pressure in experiment nacelle 8 be more than air
Pressure, now, gas can be let out in the presence of pressure difference from experiment nacelle 8 with the contact interface 17 of seal 9 in experiment nacelle 8
Leakage, while observing inlet end pressure sensor 6；
D. after the registration of inlet end pressure sensor 6 keeps stabilization, gas flowing can reach dynamic balance, that is, pass through into
The gas of gas end flowmeter 5 is equal to the leakage rate of gas at experiment nacelle 8 and the contact interface 17 of seal 9, records inlet end stream
The registration Q of gauge 13a1, and then just obtained corresponding leakage rate；
E. air accumulator 1 is closed, second experiment nacelle 8 is taken, it is enclosed bottom surface for length is b with seal 92, b2≠
b1, width is the rectangle of a, and repeat step b to c makes its contact stress identical with above-mentioned contact stress, so applying full payload
It is changed into
F. after the registration of inlet end pressure sensor 6 keeps stabilization, the registration Q of record inlet end flowmeter 5a2；
G. slip of the seal 9 under the contact stress is calculated：
According toThe formula of simultaneous two can be obtainedWherein qaIt is width
The unit length slip of upper contact interface 17, qbIt is the slip of contact interface 17 on length direction, qcIt is corner's slip；
Note：If lengthwise dimension and thickness do not change, only changing width size just can according to the above method
Release qa；
H. the pressure being applied in experiment nacelle 8 in step b is varied multiple times, repeat step a to g is listed and acted on experiment
Nacelle 8 is under barotropic condition, the slip of seal 9 during by different pressures, you can obtain difference under different contact stress
The released gas rate of direction contact interface 17.
2) when experiment nacelle 8 is under negative pressure condition：
A. it is shown in Figure 2, if the rectangle length of the first experiment nacelle 8 bottom surface opening is b1, width is a, experiment
The thickness of nacelle 8 is l, and experiment nacelle 8 is placed on sheet packing 9, makes both in sealing contact；
B. predetermined pressure is applied on experiment nacelle 8 top so that contact surface gross pressure is F1, contact stress is：
C. inlet end controlled valve 7 is closed, vavuum pump 15 is connected, after checking and determining that experimental provision air-tightness is good, is beaten
Begin to rehearse gas end switch valve 10 and vavuum pump 15, and regulation exhaust end pressure-control valve 14 makes pressure in experiment nacelle 8 be less than air
Press, at this moment ambient atmos can enter experiment nacelle 8 in the presence of pressure difference by testing nacelle 8 and 9 contact interface of seal 17,
Exhaust end pressure sensor 12 is observed simultaneously；
D. after the registration of exhaust end pressure sensor 12 keeps stabilization, gas flowing can reach dynamic balance, i.e., from reality
The gas that hatch checking body 8 enters experiment nacelle 8 with the contact position of seal 9 is equal to the gas passed through from exhaust end flowmeter 13, record
The registration Q of exhaust end flowmeter 13b1, and then can be obtained by corresponding leakage rate；
E. vavuum pump 15 is closed, second experiment nacelle 8 is taken, it is enclosed bottom surface for length is b with seal 92, b2≠
b1, width is the rectangle of a, and repeat step b to c makes its contact stress identical with above-mentioned contact stress, so applying full payload
It is changed into
F. after the registration of exhaust end pressure sensor 12 keeps stabilization, the registration Q of record exhaust end flowmeter 13b2；
G. slip of the seal 9 under the contact stress is calculated：
According toThe formula of simultaneous two can be obtainedWherein qaIt is width
Upper contact interface unit length slip, qbIt is the slip of contact interface on length direction, qcIt is corner's slip；
Note：If lengthwise dimension and thickness do not change, only changing width size just can according to the above method
Release qa；
H. the pressure being applied in experiment nacelle 8 in step b is varied multiple times, repeat step a to g is listed and acted on experiment
Nacelle 8 is under negative pressure condition, the slip of seal 9 during by different pressures, you can obtain difference under different contact stress
Direction contact interface released gas rate.
Embodiment
When the inside of experiment nacelle 8 is under barotropic condition：
A. it is shown in Figure 2, if the rectangle length of the first experiment nacelle 8 bottom surface opening is b1=0.3m, width is a
=0.2m, experiment nacelle 8 thickness is l=0.02m, and experiment nacelle 8 is placed on sheet packing 9, makes both in sealing contact；
B. predetermined pressure is applied on experiment nacelle 8 top, the gross pressure for being subject to contact interface 17 is F1=100N, contact
Stress is：
C. exhaust end controlled valve 10 is closed, air accumulator 1 is connected, after checking and determining that experimental system air-tightness is good, is beaten
Drive gas end switch valve 6 and the valve of air accumulator 1 into, regulation inlet end pressure-control valve 3 makes pressure in experiment nacelle 8 be more than air
Pressure, now, gas can be let out in the presence of pressure difference from experiment nacelle 8 with the contact interface 17 of seal 9 in experiment nacelle 8
Leakage, while observing inlet end pressure sensor 6；
D. after the registration of inlet end pressure sensor 6 keeps stabilization, gas flowing can reach dynamic balance, that is, pass through into
The gas of gas end flowmeter 5 is equal to the leakage rate of gas at experiment nacelle 8 and the contact interface 17 of seal 9, records inlet end stream
The registration Q of gauge 13a1, and then just obtained corresponding leakage rate；
E. air accumulator 1 is closed, second experiment nacelle 8 is taken, it is enclosed bottom surface for length is b with seal 92=
0.4m, width is the rectangle of a=0.2m, and repeat step b to c makes its contact stress identical with above-mentioned contact stress, so applying
Load is added up to be changed into
F. after the registration of inlet end pressure sensor 6 keeps stabilization, the registration Q of record inlet end flowmeter 5a2；
G. slip of the seal 9 under the contact stress is calculated：
According toThe formula of simultaneous two can be obtainedWherein qa
It is the unit length slip of contact interface 17, q on widthbIt is the slip of contact interface 17 on length direction, qcIt is turning
Place's slip.
Note：If lengthwise dimension and thickness do not change, only changing width size just can according to the above method
Release qa；
H. the pressure being applied in experiment nacelle 8 in step b is varied multiple times, repeat step a to g is listed and acted on experiment
Nacelle 8 is under barotropic condition, the slip of seal 9 during by different pressures, you can obtain difference under different contact stress
The released gas rate of direction contact interface 17.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of measuring method of seal contact interface released gas rate, the measuring system that the method is used includes air inlet dress
Put, measurement apparatus and exhaust apparatus；The inlet duct includes air accumulator (1), inlet end pressure-control valve (3), inlet end stream
Gauge (5), inlet end pressure sensor (6) and inlet end controlled valve (7)；The measurement apparatus include experiment nacelle (8),
Seal (9) and support base (16)；Seal (9) is placed in support base (16), and seal (9) all directions size is big
In the bottom of experiment nacelle (8), the bottom and seal (9) for making experiment nacelle (8) completely attach to；The exhaust apparatus includes true
Empty pump (15), exhaust end pressure-control valve (14), exhaust end flowmeter (13), exhaust end pressure sensor (12) and exhaust end
Controlled valve (10)；The inlet end pressure-control valve (3), inlet end flowmeter (5), inlet end pressure sensor (6) and
Inlet end controlled valve (7) passes sequentially through admission line (4) and is connected；The vavuum pump (15), exhaust end pressure-control valve (14),
Exhaust end flowmeter (13), exhaust end pressure sensor (12) and exhaust end controlled valve (10) pass sequentially through discharge duct
(11) it is connected；The admission line (4) is connected with experiment nacelle (8) respectively with the discharge duct (11)；
It is characterized in that methods described comprises the following steps：
1) when experiment nacelle is under barotropic condition：
A. the rectangle length for setting the first experiment nacelle (8) bottom surface opening is b1, width is a, and experiment nacelle (8) thickness is l,
Experiment nacelle (8) is placed on seal (9), makes both in sealing contact；
B. predetermined pressure is applied on experiment nacelle (8) top so that contact interface (17) gross pressure is F1, contact stress is：
C. exhaust end controlled valve (10) is closed, connection air accumulator (1) after checking and determining that experimental system air-tightness is good, is beaten
Drive gas end switch valve (7) and air accumulator (1) valve into, regulation inlet end pressure-control valve (3) makes experiment nacelle (8) internal pressure
Power is more than atmospheric pressure, observation inlet end pressure sensor (6)；
D. after inlet end pressure sensor (6) registration keeps stabilization, inlet end flowmeter (5) registration Q is recordeda1；
E. air accumulator (1) is closed, second experiment nacelle (8) is taken, makes its length for enclosing bottom surface with seal (9) be b2, b2≠
b1, width is a rectangles, and repeat step b to c, the contact stress when contact stress for making at this moment is tested with the first is identical,
So apply full payload being changed into：
F. after inlet end pressure sensor (6) registration keeps stabilization, inlet end flowmeter (5) registration Q is recordeda2；
G. slip of the seal (9) under the contact stress is calculated：
According toThe formula of simultaneous two is subtracted each other and can be obtainedWherein qaFor on width
Contact interface (17) unit length slip, qbIt is the slip of contact interface (17) on length direction, qcFor corner leaks
Rate；
Do not change lengthwise dimension and thickness, only change width size, be then to obtain q according to the above methoda；
H. the pressure being applied in experiment nacelle (8) in step b is varied multiple times, repeat step a to g lists experiment nacelle (8) place
In under barotropic condition, the slip of seal (9) during by different pressures, you can different directions connect under obtaining different contact stress
Touch interface (17) released gas rate；
2) when experiment nacelle is under negative pressure condition：
A. the rectangle length for setting the first experiment nacelle (8) bottom surface opening is b1, width is a, and experiment nacelle (8) thickness is l,
Experiment nacelle (8) is placed on seal (9), makes both in sealing contact；
B. predetermined pressure is applied on experiment nacelle (8) top so that contact interface (17) gross pressure is F1, contact stress is：
C. inlet end controlled valve (7) is closed, connection vavuum pump (15) after checking and determining that experimental system air-tightness is good, is beaten
Begin to rehearse gas end switch valve (10) and vavuum pump (15), regulation exhaust end pressure-control valve (14), makes experiment nacelle (8) interior pressure
Less than atmospheric pressure, observation exhaust end pressure sensor (12)；
D. after exhaust end pressure sensor (12) registration keeps stabilization, exhaust end flowmeter (13) registration Q is recordedb1；
E. vavuum pump (15) is closed, second experiment nacelle (8) is taken, it is enclosed bottom surface for length is b with seal (9)2, b2
≠b1, width is the rectangle of a, and repeat step b to c makes contact stress now identical with above-mentioned contact stress, so applying
Full payload is changed into
F. after exhaust end pressure sensor reading (12) keeps stabilization, exhaust end flowmeter (13) registration Q is recordedb2；
G. slip of the seal (9) under the contact stress is calculated：
According toThe formula of simultaneous two is subtracted each other and can be obtainedWherein qaFor on width
Contact interface (17) unit length slip, qbIt is the slip of contact interface (17) on length direction, qcFor corner leaks
Rate；
Do not change lengthwise dimension and thickness, only change width size, then q is similarly obtained according to the above methoda；
H. the pressure being applied in experiment nacelle (8) in step b is varied multiple times, repeat step a to g lists experiment nacelle (8) place
In under negative pressure condition, the slip of seal (9) during by different pressures, you can different directions connect under obtaining different contact stress
Touch interface (17) released gas rate.
2. the measuring method of a kind of seal contact interface released gas rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
Air accumulator (1) is stated to be connected by air induction hose (2) with inlet end pressure-control valve (3).
3. the measuring method of a kind of seal contact interface released gas rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
The bottom opening for stating experiment nacelle (8) is rectangle.
4. the measuring method of a kind of seal contact interface released gas rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
It is sheet specimens to state seal (9).
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