CN104481583B - 一种煤矿安全气囊 - Google Patents
一种煤矿安全气囊 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104481583B CN104481583B CN201410756716.4A CN201410756716A CN104481583B CN 104481583 B CN104481583 B CN 104481583B CN 201410756716 A CN201410756716 A CN 201410756716A CN 104481583 B CN104481583 B CN 104481583B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- air bag
- breathing
- protective layer
- safety
- buffer air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 210000002356 Skeleton Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003139 buffering Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 241000459479 Capsula Species 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
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[Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000001174 ascending Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F11/00—Rescue devices or other safety devices, e.g. safety chambers or escape ways
Abstract
本发明公开了一种煤矿安全气囊装置，适用于煤矿瓦斯爆炸、突出、冒顶等事故中矿工的生命安全保护。其中，呼吸内囊与呼吸装置相连接，定位器放置于呼吸内囊外部，外囊由呼吸内囊外层、若干缓冲气囊、可伸缩金属骨架和外层保护层构成，气体发生器放置于缓冲气囊外部的内囊中，手动开关和感应器与气体发生器相连，排气阀设置在缓冲气囊上，外囊的外层保护层上设有弧形拉链入口，可伸缩金属骨架与外层保护层相连。本发明的煤矿安全气囊可进行有效的煤与瓦斯爆炸、突出、冒顶等矿井事故后的人员避险，是矿工在危急情况下采取的有效避灾措施，减少人员伤亡，为矿山应急救援赢取宝贵时间。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及煤矿煤与瓦斯突出、顶板冒落、水灾等灾害发生后人身安全的保护，具体涉及一种煤矿安全气囊。
背景技术
[0002]目前，我国的煤矿以井工开采为主，在生产过程中主要存在着水灾、火灾、瓦斯、矿尘以及顶板等灾害。据统计目前受水害威胁的国有重点矿井占国有重点矿井总数的48%以上。矿井瓦斯也是威胁我国煤矿安全生产的主要因素之一，据统计煤矿瓦斯事故占矿井重特大事故的比例较大，2004至2009年期间共发生煤矿特别重大事故13起，死亡1587人，其中瓦斯事故死亡1227人，占77.32% ;事故统计同时表明约有80%的人员伤亡并非灾害发生瞬间发生，而是由于灾区人员呼吸了灾区的有害气体导致。因此，保障事故发生后灾区波及人员的安全，降低事故的人员伤亡，具有重要的现实意义。
[0003]传统的矿井灾害发生后的人员救助设备主要是自救器和各种救生舱(避难峒室)，自救器能保证事故发生后人员在约30分时间内的呼吸用氧，一般为人员穿越灾区时随身携带和使用，不能用于灾区被困人员的长期使用。救生舱主要有可移动式救生舱和固定式救生舱，它们主要包括后舱体部件、中间舱体部件和前舱体部件等。可移动式救生舱一般在救生舱的底部安装有轨轮机构，可在一定的范围内移动，但由于其一般体积较大且不可伸缩，工作场所为了安装可移动式救生舱一般需要掘进专用的峒室，无峒室时可安装在巷道内，但严重影响巷道的行人和通风断面，且由于可移动式救生舱体大和量重，移动不方便，在使用中受到限制。固定式救生舱移动一次要花费大量的人力物力，安装后一般不移动。虽然救生舱能够为舱内人员提供一个相对安全的生存条件，但或占用工作空间或需要掘进专门的放置空间，并且移动不便，造价普遍较高。避难峒室一般为专门的峒室，需要掘进专门巷道，造价高且不能移动。
发明内容
[0004]为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种煤矿安全气囊，其在未发生事故前体积小，重量轻，移动方便，既可放置于事故多发地区，也可根据实际需要在巷道进行任意设置，不影响巷道的行人和通风断面，可以为煤与瓦斯爆炸、突出、冒顶等矿井事故的遇险人员提供避难空间，最大限度的减少人员伤亡，为矿山应急救援赢取宝贵时间。此外，本发明结构简单，操作简便，成本较低，便携性好，重量轻，定位准确，自动化程度高。
[0005]为了达到解决上述技术问题的目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现:
[0006] —种煤矿安全气囊，分为内囊和外囊结构，包括气体发生器(1)、定位器(2)，呼吸内囊(3)、缓冲气囊(4)、外层保护层(5)、手动开关(6)、弧形拉链(7)、排气阀(8)、呼吸装置
(9)、可伸缩金属骨架(10)、感应器(11)，其特征在于:内囊和外囊分别为球形结构，所述呼吸装置(9)位于所述呼吸内囊(3)上并于之连通，所述定位器(2)位于所述呼吸内囊(3)夕卜部，且位于所述缓冲气囊(4)之间，外囊由所述呼吸内囊(3)外层、数个缓冲气囊(4)、与所述缓冲气囊(4)相接触起支撑作用的可伸缩金属骨架(10)和外层保护层(5)构成;其中，所述缓冲气囊(4)和所述可伸缩金属骨架(10)均处于所述外层保护层(5)内部，所述缓冲气囊
(4)呈椭球状结构且各缓冲气囊(4)相互连接，所述可伸缩金属骨架(10)呈立方体框架结构且各支撑边框相连接处设有球形节点，所述呼吸内囊(3)呈球状结构，所述缓冲气囊(4)与所述呼吸内囊(3)相连接，所述气体发生器(I)分别位于所述缓冲气囊(4)和所述呼吸内囊
(3)内部，所述感应器(11)位于所述气囊外侧，通过连接线路与气囊的气体发生器(I)相连，手动开关设置在煤矿巷道所述气囊设置点周围，通过电路与气囊的气体发生器(I)相连，所述排气阀(8)与所述缓冲气囊(4)数量相同，并一对一地设置在所述缓冲气囊(4)内部紧贴其内壁，所述弧形拉链(7)开口位于所述外层保护层(5)上，所述气囊膨胀时，所述可伸缩金属骨架(10)的边框节点与所述外层保护层(5)相衔接作为支撑骨架。
[0007]所述的呼吸内囊(3)由缓冲气囊(4)包围，呼吸内囊(3)内部为压缩氧气，可为呼吸装置(9)提供氧气，供进入外囊人员呼吸，且能承受来自外部的压力。
[0008]所述的外囊由呼吸内囊(3)外层、一组缓冲气囊(4)、可伸缩金属骨架(10)和外层保护层(5)组成，外形为球形结构，用于灾害发生后有效的承受瓦斯爆炸冲击波以及煤与瓦斯突出和冒顶的撞击，气囊冲气膨胀后为球形结构，受到冲击后可以沿巷道滚动，有效减小压力。
[0009]所述的定位器(2)位于呼吸内囊(3)外部并与可伸缩金属骨架(10)相连，用于灾害发生后对遇险工人进行准确定位。
[0010]所述的排气阀(8)为一种单向阀，位于缓冲气囊(4)上，防止缓冲气囊(4)受压过大炸裂对气囊内避险人员造成伤害，排气阀(8)排出的气体位于缓冲气囊(4)和外层保护层
(5)之间，有效减小缓冲气囊(4)的受力不均匀。
[0011]所述的可伸缩金属骨架(10)固定于外层保护层(5)内部，外层保护层(5)受缓冲气囊(4)膨胀带动张开时，带动可伸缩金属骨架(10)张开，可伸缩金属骨架(10)张开后为刚性正方体结构，可有效的承受外界压力，避免气囊受压过大而破裂。
[0012]所述气体发生器(I)由氮化钠加氧化剂和压缩氮气构成。
[0013]所述的感应器(11)位于外层保护层(5)外部，可感应瓦斯爆炸产生的冲击波，并将信号传递给气体发生器(I)，使气体发生器(I)产生气体膨胀缓冲气囊(4)。
[0014]所述的手动开关(6)与气体发生器(I)连接，在感应器(11)失灵或需要手动开启煤矿安全气囊时，成功开启并使气囊展开。
[0015]所述的弧形拉链(7)位于外层保护层(5)上，且拉链弧形与所述缓冲气囊(4)的外层弧度相应，工人遇紧急情况后可通过弧形拉链(7)进入煤矿安全气囊中，然后将拉链拉上，从而可以与外界隔绝。
[0016]本发明的有益效果是:结构简单，操作简便，成本较低，重量轻，便携性好，定位准确，自动化程度高，其可以广泛用于煤与瓦斯爆炸、突出、冒顶等矿井事故发生后人员的避险，减少人员伤亡，为矿山应急救援赢取宝贵时间。
附图说明
[0017]图1为保护气囊的透视图；
[0018]图2为保护气囊的正视图；
[0019]图3为保护气囊的剖面图；
[0020]图4为保护气囊的弧形拉链示意图；
[0021]图5为保护气囊在巷道内的布置示意图。
[0022]图中，1-气体发生器，2-定位器，3-呼吸内囊，4-缓冲气囊，5-外层保护层，6_手动开关，7-弧形拉链，8-排气阀，9-呼吸装置，I O-可伸缩金属骨架，11 -感应器。
具体实施方式
[0023]下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细的说明。
[0024]如图1-5所示，本发明的煤矿安全气囊，呼吸装置(9)置于呼吸气囊(3)上，呼吸内囊(3)内部为压缩氧气，定位器(2)放置于呼吸内囊(3)外部，外囊由呼吸内囊(3)外层、可伸缩金属骨架(10)、若干缓冲气囊(4)和外层保护层(5)构成，外囊内包含若干缓冲气囊(4)，缓冲气囊(4)与呼吸内囊(3)相连接，气体发生器(I)放置于缓冲气囊(4)内部，感应器(11)与气体发生器(I)相连，手动开关(6)与气体发生装置(I)相连，排气阀(8)设置在缓冲气囊
(4)上，缓冲气囊(4)与外层保护层(5)相连接，外层保护层(5)上设有弧形拉链(7)，外层保护层(5)与可伸缩金属骨架(10)相连。
[0025]呼吸内囊(3)为避险人员提供氧气，且能承受来自外部的压力，确保进入煤矿安全气囊的人员安全，等待救援。
[0026]定位器(2)位于呼吸内囊(3)外部，用于灾害发生后对遇险工人进行准确定位，为应急救援提供可靠资料。
[0027]装置工作时，外层保护层(5)由冲满气体的缓冲气囊(4)和可伸缩金属骨架(10)支撑，外形为球形结构，灾害发生后可有效的承受瓦斯爆炸冲击波以及煤与瓦斯突出、冒顶等撞击，另外，球形结构受到冲击后可以沿巷道滚动，有效减小了承压。
[0028]感应器(11)位于外层保护层(5)外部，可迅速感应瓦斯爆炸产生的冲击波，并将信号传递给气体发生器(I)，使气体发生器(I)产生气体，缓冲气囊(4)膨胀。
[0029]气体发生器(I)由氮化钠加氧化剂和压缩氮气构成。氮化钠加氧化剂反应生成氮气流，同时释放压缩氮气，使缓冲气囊(4)快速膨胀。
[0030]缓冲气囊(4)支撑外层保护层(5)，缓冲气囊(4)自身为椭球状结构，用于缓冲外囊承受的巨大压力，且缓冲气囊(4)数量较多，即使出现个别失效情况，其他的缓冲气囊(4)也可以有效支撑。
[0031]排气阀(8)位于缓冲气囊(4)上，防止缓冲气囊(4)受压过大炸裂而对避险工人造成伤害，排气阀(8)是一种单向阀，可保证缓冲气囊(4)内的压力不超过某一定值。防止缓冲气囊(4)受压过大炸裂，导致遇险工人受到伤害。
[0032]可伸缩金属骨架(10)固定于外层保护层(5)内部，随缓冲气囊(4)的膨胀可伸缩金属骨架(10)张开，从而使气囊可以有效的承受外界压力，避免气囊受压过大而破裂。
[0033]弧形拉链(7)位于外层保护层(5)上，工人遇紧急情况可通过弧形拉链(7)进入煤矿安全气囊中，然后将拉链拉上，从而可以与外界隔绝。
[0034]气体发生器(I)由氮化钠加氧化剂和压缩氮气构成。使氮化钠加氧化剂反应生成氮气流，同时释放压缩氮气，使缓冲气囊(4)快速膨胀，这种气体生成装置是一种目前已经成熟且应用广泛的技术。
[0035]感应器(11)位于外层保护层(5)外部，可迅速感应瓦斯爆炸产生的冲击波，并将信号传递给气体发生器(I)，使气体发生器(I)开始工作，使气囊开始膨胀。
[0036]手动开关(6)在感应器(11)失灵时可以开启气体发生器(I)使气囊展开。
[0037]本发明的工作原理是:
[0038]首先需要了解矿井煤与瓦斯爆炸、突出、冒顶等矿井事故的可能发生地点，在事故易发生地点放置煤矿安全气囊，每个气囊可供一名人员避险使用；当事故发生时，感应器
(11)将感应信号迅速传递给气体发生器(I)上，使缓冲气囊(4)膨胀并作用于可伸缩金属骨架(10)和外层保护层(5)上，导致可伸缩金属骨架(10)和外层保护层(5)展开，进气囊入工作状态。如果感应器失灵时，使用手动开关(6)，使气囊进入工作状态。遇险工人从弧形拉链
(7)进入气囊内部，然后立即拉上拉链，戴上呼吸装置(9)，抱住呼吸内囊(3)，当矿井灾害形成的外力过大时，缓冲气囊(4)和呼吸内囊(3)可缓冲外力对人的伤害，从而保护人员。同时定位器(2)发出位置信息，等待救援。如果等待救援中，当矿井灾害形成的外力过大时，排气阀(8)自动打开，放出气体，当压力减低到一定程度时，排气阀(8)关闭。呼吸内囊(3)外部设有呼吸装置(9)，可供避险人员氧气。
[0039]上述实施例为本发明的较佳实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种煤矿安全气囊，分为内囊和外囊结构，包括气体发生器(I)、定位器(2)，呼吸内囊(3)、缓冲气囊(4)、外层保护层(5)、手动开关(6)、弧形拉链(7)、排气阀(8)、呼吸装置(9)、可伸缩金属骨架(10)、感应器(11)，其特征在于:内囊和外囊分别为球形结构，所述呼吸装置(9)位于所述呼吸内囊(3)上并与之连通，所述定位器(2)位于所述呼吸内囊(3)夕卜部，且位于所述缓冲气囊(4)之间，外囊由所述呼吸内囊(3)外层、数个缓冲气囊(4)、与所述缓冲气囊(4)相接触起支撑作用的可伸缩金属骨架(10)和外层保护层(5)构成;其中，所述缓冲气囊(4)和所述可伸缩金属骨架(10)均处于所述外层保护层(5)内部，所述缓冲气囊(4)呈椭球状结构且各缓冲气囊(4)相互连接，所述可伸缩金属骨架(10)呈立方体框架结构且各支撑边框相连接处设有球形节点，所述呼吸内囊(3)呈球状结构，所述缓冲气囊(4)与所述呼吸内囊(3)相连接，所述气体发生器(I)分别位于所述缓冲气囊(4)和所述呼吸内囊(3)内部，所述感应器(11)位于所述气囊外侧，通过连接线路与气囊的气体发生器(I)相连，手动开关设置在煤矿巷道所述气囊设置点周围，通过电路与气囊的气体发生器(I)相连，所述排气阀(8)与所述缓冲气囊(4)数量相同，并一对一地设置在所述缓冲气囊(4)内部紧贴其内壁，所述弧形拉链(7)开口位于所述外层保护层(5)上，所述气囊膨胀时，所述可伸缩金属骨架(10)的边框节点与所述外层保护层(5)相衔接作为支撑骨架。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种煤矿安全气囊，其特征在于:所述的呼吸内囊(3)由缓冲气囊(4)包围，呼吸内囊(3)内部为压缩氧气，可为呼吸装置(9)提供氧气，供进入外囊人员呼吸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种煤矿安全气囊，其特征在于:所述的外囊由呼吸内囊(3)外层、数个缓冲气囊(4)、可伸缩金属骨架(10)和外层保护层(5)组成，外形为球形结构，用于灾害发生后有效的承受瓦斯爆炸冲击波以及煤与瓦斯突出和冒顶的撞击，气囊冲气膨胀后为球形结构，受到冲击后可以沿巷道滚动，有效减小压力。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种煤矿安全气囊，其特征在于:所述的定位器(2)位于呼吸内囊(3)外部并与可伸缩金属骨架(10)相连，用于灾害发生后对遇险工人进行准确定位。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种煤矿安全气囊，其特征在于:所述的排气阀(8)为一种单向阀，位于缓冲气囊(4)上，防止缓冲气囊(4)受压过大炸裂对气囊内避险人员造成伤害，排气阀(8)排出的气体位于缓冲气囊(4)和外层保护层(5)之间，有效减小缓冲气囊(4)的受力不均匀。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种煤矿安全气囊，其特征在于:所述的可伸缩金属骨架(10)固定于外层保护层(5)内部，外层保护层(5)受缓冲气囊(4)膨胀带动张开时，带动可伸缩金属骨架(10)张开，可伸缩金属骨架(10)张开后为刚性正方体结构，可有效的承受外界压力，避免气囊受压过大而破裂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种煤矿安全气囊，其特征在于:所述气体发生器(I)由氮化钠加氧化剂和压缩氮气构成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种煤矿安全气囊，其特征在于:所述的感应器(11)位于外层保护层(5)外部，可感应瓦斯爆炸产生的冲击波，并将信号传递给气体发生器(I)，使气体发生器(I)产生气体膨胀缓冲气囊(4)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种煤矿安全气囊，其特征在于:所述的手动开关(6)与气体发生器(I)连接，在感应器(11)失灵或需要手动开启煤矿安全气囊时，成功开启并使气囊展 开。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种煤矿安全气囊，其特征在于:所述的弧形拉链(7)位于外层保护层(5)上，且拉链弧形与所述缓冲气囊(4)的外层弧度相应，工人遇紧急情况后可通过弧形拉链(7)进入煤矿安全气囊中，然后将拉链拉上，从而可以与外界隔绝。
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