CN104474103A - 一种天然植物降糖剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种天然植物降糖剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种天然植物降糖剂，它主要是由下列重量份的原料药制成：苦瓜40-80份，鱼腥草20-60份，枳椇20-45份，枳实10-30份，蒲公英10-30份，甘草1-5份；同时本发明还公开一种制备天然植物降糖剂的方法，该方法将上述原料分别蒸煮、晾干、研磨成粉末，然后按照比例进行混合以制备天然植物降糖剂。本发明配方均为天然植物，而且是常用的无毒中药材，具有清热解毒、理气散瘀、疏肝、健脾胃的功效；增强消化功能和肝功能、促使胰腺恢复功能，减少降糖药物用量，能良好的控制血糖；可以协助西药作用，减少降糖西药的用药量，并减少副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中成药制备领域，具体地涉及辅助降糖剂制备领域。
背景技术
近年来，由于生活水平的提高、饮食结构的改变、日趋紧张的生活节奏以及少动多坐的生活方式等诸多因素，全球糖尿病发病率增长迅速，糖尿病已经成为继肿瘤、心血管病之后第三大严重威胁人类健康的慢性疾病。国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)公布：2013年全球20-79岁成人糖尿病患病率8.3％，人数3.82亿，80％分布在中等和低收入国家。预计2035年全球糖尿病患者将达5.92亿，中国占25％，位于首位。2013年全球死于糖尿病相关的人510万人，占所有死亡人数的8.39％。未来50年内糖尿病仍将成为我国严重的公共卫生问题。
临床上糖尿病分为两类，即Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型糖尿病。Ⅰ型糖尿病多发于青少年，起病急剧，少数缓慢起病，因绝对性胰岛素分泌缺乏引起，易发生酮症酸中毒，治疗中对胰岛素敏感，常需要注射胰岛素；Ⅱ型糖尿病多发于中老年和肥胖者，起病缓慢，多数在确诊前已损失50％的胰岛β细胞功能、已出现胰岛素的抵抗，β细胞功能受损是血糖逐渐升高和病情恶化的主要原因，临床表现为机体对胰岛素不够敏感。
糖尿病患者有典型的三多一少的临床表现，即多饮、多食、多尿、消瘦，这些内容早在中医当中就有记载，即中医的消渴病。糖尿病是一种慢性病，不但给患者带来了上述的不适症状外，还可引发多种慢性并发症，如心脏、血管、眼睛、肾脏和神经系统的一系列病症，严重威胁糖尿病患者的生活起居、健康和生命。常见的糖尿病并发症有以下几类：糖尿病性眼病、糖尿病性神经病变、糖尿病下肢血管病变、糖尿病肾病、糖尿病性心脏病。因而患者需要长期地对血糖进行控制。
目前治疗糖尿病的药物主要是人工胰岛素、磺脲类和双胍类药物。但是降糖药物具有副作用，长期服用会造成肝、肾功能的伤害，因此需要提供一种可以长期服用而不导致肝、肾、神经等损伤的药物。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种天然植物降糖剂。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种天然植物降糖剂的制备方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：
一种天然植物降糖剂，其成分及质量分数包括：苦瓜40-80份；鱼腥草20-50份，枳椇20-45份，枳实10-30份，蒲公英10-30份，甘草1-5份。
苦瓜气味苦、无毒、性寒。苦瓜果实中营养物质丰富，每百克食用部分含有蛋白质0.9克、脂肪0.2克、糖类3.2克、纤维素1.1克、胡萝卜素0.08毫克、线生素B 10.07毫克、维生素B2 0.04毫克、维生素C 84毫克。苦瓜中还含有苦瓜甙和类似胰岛素的物质，具有良好的降血糖作用。另外，苦瓜甙和苦味素能增进食欲，健脾开胃；所含的生物碱类物质奎宁，有利尿活血、消炎退热、清心明目的功效。
鱼腥草味辛、性寒凉，能清热解毒、排痛消肿疗疮、利尿除湿、健胃消食。药理研究表明，鱼腥草主含挥发油，癸酰乙醛鱼腥草素等多种成份，对各种致病杆菌、球菌、流感病毒、钩端螺旋体等有抑制抗菌作用，并能提高人体免疫调节功能，目前，国内外把鱼腥草素已用于贫血、便秘、胃肠炎、动脉硬化、高血压、糖尿病、过敏性鼻炎、荨麻疹、多种炎症、癌症等方面疾病的预防、治疗与辅助治疗，预示着鱼腥草在营养保健、防病祛疾方面具有实用开发前景。
枳椇，味甘酸，性平，无毒。能活血舒筋，治食积，可治酒醉、烦热、口渴、呕吐和二便不利，有保肝护肝功效，可促进糖原转化，降低血糖。
枳实，味苦，性寒，具有破气、散痞、泻痰、消积的功效，改善消化功能。
蒲公英清热解毒，消肿散结，主治热毒疮痈；利湿，可治热淋涩痛，及湿热发黄。
甘草，味甘，性平；生甘草能够补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药。
优选地，所述各种原料药用量的重量份为：苦瓜50-70份，鱼腥草35-45份，枳椇25-35份，枳实15-25份，蒲公英15-25份，甘草1-3份。
更优选地，所述各种原料药用量的重量份为：苦瓜67份，鱼腥草40份，枳椇33份，枳实20份，蒲公英20份，甘草1份。
本发明还公开了一种制备天然植物降糖剂的方法，具体步骤包括：
1)将苦瓜洗净后蒸煮，温度为80-120℃，时间为1-30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成苦瓜片粉末；将鱼腥草洗净后蒸煮，温度为80-120℃，时间为1-30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成鱼腥草粉末；将枳椇洗净后蒸煮，温度为120-220℃，时间为1-30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成枳椇粉末；将新鲜的蒲公英洗净后蒸煮，温度为70-110℃，时间为1-15分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成蒲公英粉末；将枳实洗净蒸煮，温度为80-120℃，时间为1-30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成枳实粉末；取生甘草，晒干并粉碎成甘草粉末；
2)将所述步骤1)中所有的药物粉末按比例混合，。
优选地，苦瓜为没有损伤的苦瓜；优选地，蒸苦瓜的温度为90-110℃，时间为1-15分钟。
优选地，蒸鱼腥草的温度为90-110℃，时间为1-15分钟。
枳椇可选用树枝、树皮和树叶，并在蒸前剪切成2-3厘米小段。优选地，蒸枳椇的温度160-200℃，时间为5-15分钟。
优选地，蒸鱼腥草的温度90-110℃，时间为1-15分钟。
优选地，蒸蒲公英的温度80-100℃，时间为1-12分钟。
优选地，枳实为无损伤的枳实；优选地，蒸枳实的温度90-110℃，时间为10-20分钟。
优选地，所述晾干为避光晾干，优选地，在通风、阴凉处晾干。
本发明还公开了天然植物降糖剂的使用方法，每次3g天然植物降糖剂加入水中直接冲服；所述水为白开水。每天服3次，饭前、饭后均可。
本发明的有益效果如下：
所述天然植物降糖剂的配料均为天然植物，而且是常用的无毒中药材；配方中均为清热解毒、理气散瘀、疏肝、健脾胃的功效；该降糖剂能加强消化功能和肝功能、促使胰腺恢复功能，减少降糖药物用量，能良好的控制血糖。且可以协助西药作用，减少降糖西药的用药量，并减少副作用。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明，下面优选实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的，不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：制备天然植物降糖剂
1)将苦瓜洗净后蒸煮，温度为120℃，时间为1分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成苦瓜片粉末；将鱼腥草洗净后蒸煮，温度为120℃，时间为1分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成鱼腥草粉抹；将枳椇洗净后蒸煮，温度为220℃，时间为1分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成枳椇粉末；将新鲜的蒲公英洗净后蒸煮，温度为110℃，时间为1分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成蒲公英粉末；将枳实洗净蒸煮，温度为120℃，时间为1分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成枳实粉末；取生甘草，晒干并粉碎成甘草粉末。
按下列重量份的原料药制成天然植物降糖剂：苦瓜40份，鱼腥草20份，枳椇20份，枳实10份，蒲公英30份，甘草5份。
实施例2：制备天然植物降糖剂
1)将苦瓜洗净后蒸煮，温度为80℃，时间为30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成苦瓜片粉末；将鱼腥草洗净后蒸煮，温度为80℃，时间为1-30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成鱼腥草粉抹；将枳椇洗净后蒸煮，温度为120℃，时间为30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成枳椇粉末；将新鲜的蒲公英洗净后蒸煮，温度为70℃，时间为15分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成蒲公英粉末；将枳实洗净蒸煮，温度为80℃，时间为30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成枳实粉末；取生甘草，晒干并粉碎成甘草粉末。
2)按下列重量份的原料药制成天然植物降糖剂：苦瓜80份，鱼腥草60份，枳椇45份，枳实10份，蒲公英10份，甘草1份
实施例3：制备天然植物降糖剂
1)将苦瓜洗净后蒸煮，温度为100℃，时间为5分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成苦瓜片粉末；将鱼腥草洗净后蒸煮，温度为100℃，时间为5分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成鱼腥草粉抹；将枳椇洗净后蒸煮，温度为180℃，时间为10分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成枳椇粉末；将新鲜的蒲公英洗净后蒸煮，温度为90℃，时间为6分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成蒲公英粉末；将枳实洗净蒸煮，温度为100℃，时间为15分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成枳实粉末；取生甘草，晒干并粉碎成甘草粉末。
按下列重量份的原料药制成天然植物降糖剂：苦瓜67份，鱼腥草40份，枳椇33份，枳实20份，蒲公英20份，甘草1份
实施例4：本发明天然植物降糖剂治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的临床观察
1、资料与方法
一般资料：本组患者共60例，女28，男32例，年龄50-82岁；患者随机分成2组，治疗组30例，对照组30例，。
2、治疗方法
对照组给予格列美脲治疗，0.2mg/次，每日3次；治疗组给予格列美脲，0.2mg/次，每日3次，同时实施例3制备的天然植物降糖剂，每次3g，每日三次。治疗30天为一疗程。
3、观察方法
检测两组治疗前后的空腹血中葡萄糖、胰岛素、C肽、甘油三酯的水平，观察两组治疗后的多饮、多食、多尿等临床症状改善情况。
4、结果
血液中糖、胰岛素、C肽和甘油三酯的指标：
正常范围：血糖3.6-6.1mmol/L；血胰岛素0.86-11uiv/ml；C肽0.53-4.38ng/ml；血甘油三酯0.45-1.81mmol/L。
见表1：对照组和治疗组治疗后的血糖范围、血胰岛素、C肽、血甘油三酯均有变化，血糖血脂明显下降、血胰岛素和C肽明显升高。治疗组的变化幅度明显大于对照组，两组临床多饮、多食、多尿的症状均有明显改善。
表1：
表1：对照组和治疗组的Ⅱ型糖尿病治疗2月后血液的各指标的平均值
实施例5：本发明天然植物降糖剂治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的临床观察
1、资料与方法
一般资料：本组患者共50例，女23例，男27例，年龄50-82岁；患者随机分成2组，治疗组25例，对照组25例。
2、治疗方法
对照组给予二甲双胍治疗，0.85g/次，每日3次；治疗组给予二甲双胍，0.5g/次，每日2次，以及实施例3制备的天然植物降糖剂，每次3g，每日三次。治疗30天为一疗程。
3、观察方法
检测两组治疗前后的血糖、血胰岛素、C肽、血甘油三酯的水平，观察两组治疗后的多饮、多食、多尿等临床症状改善情况。
4、结果
血糖、血胰岛素、C肽和血甘油三酯的指标
正常范围：血糖3.6-6.1mmol/L；血胰岛素0.86-11uiv/ml；C肽0.53-4.38ng/ml；血甘油三酯0.45-1.81mmol/L。
见表2：两组治疗后的血糖范围、血胰岛素、C肽、血甘油三酯均较治疗前均有变化，血糖、血脂明显下降、血胰岛素和C肽均有上升，治疗组患者与对照组患者的上述指标相当，即治疗组减少降糖西药二甲双胍的药量，但增加服用天然植物降糖剂，其治疗效果与对照组有相同。两组临床多饮、多食、多尿的症状均有明显改善。
表2：
表2：Ⅱ型糖尿病对照组和治疗组治疗2月后血液的各指标的平均值
实施例6：本发明天然植物降糖剂治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的临床观察
1、资料与方法
一般资料：本组患者共20例，女12例，男8例，年龄70-82岁
2、治疗方法
所有患者给予实施例3制备的天然植物降糖剂，每次3g，每日三次。治疗30天为一疗程。
3、观察方法
检测治疗前后的血糖范围、血胰岛素、C肽、血甘油三酯的水平，观察治疗后的多饮、多食、多尿等临床症状改善情况。
4、结果
血糖、血胰岛素、C肽和血甘油三酯指标
正常范围：血糖3.6-6.1mmol/L；血胰岛素0.86-11uiv/ml；C肽0.53-4.38ng/ml；血甘油三酯0.45-1.81mmol/L。
见表3：患者服用天然植物降糖剂治疗后的血糖范围、血甘油三酯均较治疗前下降，血胰岛素、C肽均有提高。治疗前后比较，多饮、多食、多尿的症状均有明显改善。
表3：
表3：Ⅱ型糖尿病治疗2月后血液的各指标的平均值
老年人各器官功能均下降，抵御药物副作用的能力有限，另外多数老人已经患有高血压、冠心病等病史，外加糖尿病所需用药的种类增多，更容易出现副作用。因此对不是很严重的老年糖尿病患者，使用本发明的天然植物降糖剂外加适量的饮食控制能达到很好的控制血糖的目的。
具有糖尿病家族史、妊娠糖尿病、过于肥胖的患者长期服用本品均有利于预防糖尿病的发生。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定，对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动，这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举，凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (9)
1.一种天然植物降糖剂，其特征在于，它主要是由下列重量份的原料药制成：苦瓜40-80份，鱼腥草20-60份，枳椇20-45份，枳实10-30份，蒲公英10-30份，甘草1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天然植物降糖剂，其特征在于，所述各种原料药的用量的重量份为：苦瓜50-70份，鱼腥草35-45份，枳椇25-35份，枳实15-25份，蒲公英15-25份，甘草1-3份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的天然植物降糖剂，其特征在于，所述各种原料药的用量的重量份为：苦瓜67份，鱼腥草40份，枳椇33份，枳实20份，蒲公英20份，甘草1份。
4.一种如权利要求1至3任一项所述的天然植物降糖剂的制备方法，具体步骤包括：
1)将苦瓜洗净后蒸煮，温度为80-120℃，时间为1-30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成苦瓜片粉末；将鱼腥草洗净后蒸煮，温度为80-120℃，时间为1-30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成鱼腥草粉抹；将枳椇洗净后蒸煮，温度为120-220℃，时间为1-30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成枳椇粉末；将新鲜的蒲公英洗净后蒸煮，温度为70-110℃，时间为1-15分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成蒲公英粉末；将枳实洗净蒸煮，温度为80-120℃，时间为1-30分钟，然后晾干、粉碎成枳实粉末；取生甘草，晒干并粉碎成甘草粉末；
2)将步骤1)中所有的药物粉末按比例混合，即得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的天然植物降糖剂的制备方法，其特征在于：蒸苦瓜的温度为90-110℃，时间为1-15分钟。
6.根据权利要求4所述的天然植物降糖剂的制备方法，其特征在于：蒸鱼腥草的温度为90-110℃，时间为1-15分钟。
7.根据权利要求4所述的天然植物降糖剂的制备方法，其特征在于：蒸枳椇的温度为160-200℃，时间为5-15分钟。
8.根据权利要求4所述的天然植物降糖剂的制备方法，其特征在于：蒸枳实的温度为90-110℃，时间为10-20分钟。
9.根据权利要求4所述的天然植物降糖剂的制备方法，其特征在于：蒸蒲公英的温度为80-100℃，时间为1-12分钟。
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