Sewage treatment system for small towns
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sewage treatment, in particular to a sewage treatment system for small towns.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of the urbanization level of China and the rapid gathering of urban population, the generation amount of urban sewage is increased day by day. The construction of sewage treatment facilities in small towns seriously lags behind the development requirements of the urban economy and society, the phenomenon of sewage discharge is random, the problem of water environment pollution is prominent, and the adverse effects on the living, production environment and body health of local residents are caused.
The traditional small-town sewage treatment process generally has the problems of unreasonable process selection, poor operation stability, inspection of nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect and the like, and has high water quality requirement and can not meet the treatment requirement in an environment sensitive area. The membrane bioreactor has the advantages of high sludge concentration, small occupied area, high automatic control degree, good removal effect, strong impact load resistance and the like, but the technology has very few applications in the field of sewage treatment of small towns, mainly because the operation cost is higher, and mainly shows the aspects of generating a large amount of membrane scrubbing energy consumption, mixed liquid reflux pump energy consumption and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sewage treatment system for small towns, which has the advantages of reasonable structure, small occupied area, low energy consumption and suitability for sewage treatment of small towns without arranging a mixed liquid reflux pump to realize the reflux of mixed liquid, and is particularly suitable for sewage treatment of areas with limited occupied areas and high water quality requirements or sensitive environments.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a sewage treatment system for small towns, comprising:
the pretreatment unit, the secondary biological treatment unit and the advanced treatment unit are connected in sequence;
wherein the pretreatment unit is provided with a raw water inlet;
the secondary biological treatment unit adopts an energy-saving MBR system with internal circulation;
the advanced treatment unit adopts ultraviolet and chlorine dioxide combined disinfection equipment, and is provided with a good water outlet.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: because the secondary treatment adopts a membrane bioreactor form of an internal circulation energy-saving MBR system, the biomass of the activated sludge is effectively improved, and the occupied area and the capital cost can be greatly reduced; the method has the advantages of small occupied area, good removal effect, easy management, low energy consumption, suitability for sewage treatment in small towns, and particularly high water quality requirement and occupation of limited areas and environment sensitive areas.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a secondary biological treatment unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
in fig. 2: 1. the device comprises a water inlet pump, 2 flow guide plates, 3 membrane components, 4 pulse aeration devices, 5 membrane water production pumps, 6 cleaning liquid tanks, 7 water production tanks, 8 cleaning water pumps, 9 dosing pumps, 10 blowers and 11 organic carbon source dosing pumps.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a small town sewage treatment system, which may be used for small town sewage treatment, and the system includes: the pretreatment unit, the secondary biological treatment unit and the advanced treatment unit are connected in sequence; wherein the pretreatment unit is provided with a raw water inlet; the secondary biological treatment unit adopts an internal circulation energy-saving MBR system; the advanced treatment unit adopts ultraviolet and chlorine dioxide combined disinfection equipment and is provided with a good water outlet.
In the treatment system, the pretreatment unit is formed by sequentially connecting a basket type grating, a horizontal rotary filter screen filtering device and a hair filter, the basket type grating is provided with a raw water inlet, and an outlet of the hair filter is connected with the secondary biological treatment unit.
In the treatment system, the horizontal rotary filter screen filtering device adopts a stainless steel filter screen driven by a driving device.
As shown in fig. 2, in the above processing system, the internal circulation energy-saving MBR system includes: the integrated biochemical membrane tank, the membrane water outlet system, the aeration system and the membrane cleaning system;
wherein, a guide plate and a membrane component of a membrane water outlet system are sequentially arranged in the integrated biochemical membrane tank at intervals from a water inlet end to a water outlet end, and the membrane component is far away from the water inlet end; the guide plate divides the interior of the integrated biochemical membrane tank into an anaerobic zone and an aerobic zone, and the anaerobic zone and the aerobic zone are circularly communicated through an upper passage and a lower passage of the guide plate; the pulse aeration device of the aeration system is arranged in the integrated biochemical membrane tank, is positioned below the membrane component and is far away from the water inlet end; the integrated biochemical membrane tank is provided with a residual sludge discharge port; the membrane component is provided with an outlet connected with the depth treatment unit;
the membrane component is provided with a cleaning port and is connected with a membrane cleaning system.
In the above treatment system, the internal circulation energy-saving MBR system further includes: the organic carbon source adding system is internally connected with the bottom of the water inlet end of the integrated biochemical membrane tank; and/or the drug adding system is connected with the water outlet end of the integrated biochemical membrane pool.
The energy-saving MBR system with the internal circulation further comprises: and the excess sludge discharge system is connected with the excess sludge discharge port of the integrated biochemical membrane tank, and controls the sludge concentration of the integrated biochemical membrane tank to be 6000-10000mg/L and the sludge age to be 20-40 d.
In the energy-saving MBR system with internal circulation, the upper end and the lower end of the guide plate are provided with an upper elbow and a lower elbow which incline towards opposite directions, the upper elbow inclines towards the water inlet end of the integrated biochemical membrane tank, and the lower elbow inclines towards the rear end of the integrated biochemical membrane tank. The better diversion effect is formed on the circulating water flow. The length of the guide plate is less than the height of the integrated biochemical membrane tank, and the guide plate and the tank bottom and the tank top of the integrated biochemical membrane tank keep an interval to form a circulation passage.
In the internal circulation energy-saving MBR system, the dosing pump 9 and the pipeline form a dosing system, and the organic carbon source dosing pump 11 and the pipeline form an organic carbon source dosing system. The pulse aeration device can adopt a perforated aeration pipe which is connected with the blower 10 to form an aeration system. The membrane cleaning system is composed of a cleaning liquid tank and a cleaning water pump connected with the cleaning liquid tank through a pipeline, and the cleaning water pump is connected to a cleaning port of the membrane component through a pipeline; and the cleaning liquid tank is connected with a water outlet pipe of a membrane water production pump of the membrane water outlet system. The membrane cleaning system is used for carrying out maintainable cleaning, on-line acid cleaning and on-line chlorine cleaning on the membrane component, and an organic matter adding device can be selectively arranged according to the C/N ratio of the treated sewage. The membrane water outlet system is formed by connecting a membrane component to a water production tank through a pipeline and a water outlet pump.
The small town sewage treatment system can be used for treating small town sewage in areas which occupy limited land and have high requirements on effluent quality or are sensitive to environment, and the system simultaneously considers biological denitrification and biological dephosphorization, as shown in figure 1, the sewage treatment by utilizing the system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: the pretreatment unit is formed by sequentially connecting a basket type grating, a horizontal filter screen and a hair filter, the basket type grating is provided with a raw water inlet, and an outlet of the hair filter is connected with the secondary biological treatment unit; the horizontal rotary filter screen filtering device can replace a primary sedimentation tank, and the device adopts a stainless steel filter screen to remove SS in raw water. The filter screens are horizontally arranged, so that the water level elevation space is saved, the occupied area is small, the structure is simple, and the cleaning, the maintenance and the repair are easy; and the filter screen runs at a low speed, so that the abrasion of moving parts is small and the energy consumption is low.
(2) Secondary treatment: an energy-saving MBR system adopting internal circulation mainly comprises an integrated biochemical/membrane tank, a membrane water outlet system, an aeration system, a dosing system, an organic carbon source dosing system and a membrane cleaning system, and COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in sewage are removed through the internal circulation process of suspended sludge in the system; part of phosphorus is removed from the system in the form of excess sludge, and part of phosphorus is removed in the form of inorganic sediment; the purpose of solid-liquid separation is finally achieved through the pumping action of a membrane water pump;
in the secondary biological treatment system, the internal circulation energy-saving MBR process can keep higher sludge concentration (6000-10000mg/L) in the reactor, realize the complete separation of hydraulic retention time and sludge age (20-40 d of sludge age), keep better biological treatment effect, simultaneously save a secondary sedimentation tank and save occupied land;
the hydraulic retention time of the internal circulation energy-saving MBR system is 5-8 h;
furthermore, in the internal circulation energy-saving MBR system, the membrane tank and the biochemical reaction tank are combined into a whole, the pulse aeration device is arranged below the membrane curtain, and the energy consumption for membrane scrubbing can be saved by 30-50% by arranging the pulse aeration device.
Furthermore, the energy-saving MBR system with internal circulation is not provided with a mixed liquid reflux device, the mixed liquid forms internal circulation flow in the tank body through the design of a special guide plate, microorganisms finish the removal process of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in an aerobic and anaerobic circulation state, and the capital cost and the operation cost are saved; the biological aeration system is arranged on one side of the membrane curtain far away from the water inlet end, and the unbalanced aeration in the tank is the driving force of the circulating flow in the tank body.
Furthermore, the energy-saving MBR system with the internal circulation controls the running state of low dissolved oxygen, fully utilizes the COD of raw water, saves the adding amount of an external carbon source and saves the running cost.
Furthermore, a dosing device is arranged on one side, close to the membrane curtain, of the internal circulation energy-saving MBR system, and corresponding dephosphorization agents are dosed according to different water qualities.
According to the small-town sewage treatment system, the adopted horizontal rotary filter screen filtering device is horizontally arranged, so that the water level elevation space is saved, and the occupied area is reduced; the secondary treatment adopts a membrane bioreactor form, so that the biomass of the activated sludge is effectively improved, and the occupied area and the capital cost can be greatly reduced; the membrane scrubbing adopts pulse aeration, the cleaning effect is good, and the energy consumption is low; the special design of the biological aeration and the guide plate forms water flow circulation in the reaction tank, so that microorganisms circulate in an aerobic state and an anaerobic state to remove organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus, a mixed liquid reflux device is not needed, and a large amount of operating cost is saved; the membrane bioreactor device has the advantages of small occupied area, good removal effect, easy management and low energy consumption, and is suitable for sewage treatment in small towns, especially for areas with high water quality requirements and limited occupied area and environment sensitive areas.
(3) Deep treatment: the effluent after the secondary biological treatment can be directly discharged or recycled after being subjected to ultraviolet/chlorine dioxide combined disinfection treatment.
Examples
The quality of the treated sewage is as follows: water temperature is 12-30 ℃, COD is 150-400 mg/L, BOD5=100~250mg/L,SS=100~200mg/L,NH4 +-N=20~50mg/L,NO2 --N<0.3mg/L,NO3 --N<1.5mg/L,TP=2~7mg/L,pH=6.0~8.0。
The sewage treatment system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pretreatment: the pretreatment unit is formed by sequentially connecting a basket type grating, a horizontal filter screen and a hair filter, the basket type grating is provided with a raw water inlet, and an outlet of the hair filter is connected with the secondary biological treatment unit; the horizontal rotary filter screen filtering device can replace a primary sedimentation tank, and the device adopts a stainless steel filter screen to remove SS in raw water. The filter screens are horizontally arranged, so that the water level elevation space is saved, the occupied area is small, the structure is simple, and the cleaning, the maintenance and the repair are easy; and the filter screen runs at a low speed, so that the abrasion of moving parts is small and the energy consumption is low.
(2) Secondary biological treatment: an energy-saving MBR system adopting internal circulation mainly comprises an integrated biochemical/membrane tank, a membrane water outlet system, an aeration system, a dosing system, an organic carbon source dosing system and a membrane cleaning system, and COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in sewage are removed through the internal circulation process of suspended sludge in the system; part of phosphorus is removed from the system in the form of excess sludge, and part of phosphorus is removed in the form of inorganic sediment; the purpose of solid-liquid separation is finally achieved through the pumping action of a membrane water pump;
(3) deep treatment: and (4) directly discharging or recycling the secondary biological treatment effluent after disinfection treatment.
The quality of the treated effluent is as follows: the water temperature is 12-28 ℃, and the COD is<10mg/L, removal rate of more than 95 percent, BOD5<5mg/L, removal rate over 95 percent, SS<1mg/L, almost completely removed, NH4 +-N<2mg/L, almost completely removed, TN<10mg/L, the removal rate can reach 90 percent, and TP<0.5mg/L, a removal rate of more than 90%, and a pH value of 7.0-8.0.
The small-town sewage treatment system has the advantages of small occupied area, good treatment effect, low energy consumption, strong impact load resistance and easy management, and is particularly suitable for small-town sewage treatment, especially for areas and environment sensitive areas with high water quality requirements and limited occupied area. Compared with the existing sewage treatment system for small towns, the sewage treatment system has the following beneficial effects: (1) the system has good sewage treatment effect, improves the sludge concentration by introducing the membrane, thoroughly separates the hydraulic retention time and the sludge age, and realizes the simultaneous and efficient removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the sewage; (2) the system does not need a secondary sedimentation tank, and because of the high biomass in the system, the occupied area of a biochemical treatment part is small, the total occupied area is only about 25 percent of that of the conventional process, and the capital investment is greatly reduced; (3) the system uses an internal circulation energy-saving MBR system as a secondary biological treatment unit, and the adopted pulse aeration device saves the energy consumption of membrane scrubbing by 30-50 percent; the energy-saving MBR system with internal circulation adopts a specially designed guide plate and unbalanced aeration to form internal circulation flow for sewage in the tank body, so that mixed liquid backflow is saved, the process is simple, and the management is easy; the hydraulic retention time is 5-8 h; (4) the system adopts horizontal arrangement of the horizontal filter screen for pretreatment, saves water level elevation space, occupies small area, has simple structure, is easy to clean, maintain and maintain, and has high filtering efficiency; the filter screen runs at a low speed, so that the abrasion of moving parts is small, and the energy consumption is low; (5) in the operation process, a low dissolved oxygen operation strategy is adopted, the raw water organic carbon source is fully utilized, and the biological aeration quantity is saved; (6) the advanced treatment adopts ultraviolet and chlorine dioxide combined disinfection, the disinfection effect is good, and the byproducts are few.
In conclusion, the sewage treatment method provided by the invention has the characteristics of good effect and good economic effect.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.