CN104435494A - 一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂及制法 - Google Patents
一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂及制法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：梅片7-11份，延胡索12-16份，血竭10-14份，黄柏7-12份，牡丹皮5-9份，大蓟10-20份，大青叶16-20份，威灵仙13-19份，柴胡13-17份，乳香5-13份，独活11-17份。本发明所得中药喷剂在腹部切口止痛消炎方面具有显著的疗效，而且由于本品全部选择纯天然中药材经过适当的炮制，使用方便，且无任何毒副作用，也不会对神经系统造成负担，不会导致依赖成瘾。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及了一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂及制备方法，属于中医中药领域，主要用于腹部切口止痛消炎。
背景技术
肝脏是身体内以代谢功能为主的一个器官，并在身体里面起着去氧化，储存肝糖，分泌性蛋白质的合成等等的作用。肝脏也制造消化系统中之胆汁。在医学用字上，常以拉丁语字首Hepato-或Hepatic来描述肝脏或肝脏的(希腊hēpar(ηπαρ))。肝脏是人体内脏里最大的器官，位于人体中的腹部位置，在右侧横隔膜之下，位于胆囊之前端且于右边肾脏的前方，胃的上方。肝脏是人体消化系统中最大的消化腺，成人肝脏平均重达1.5公斤(约在1-2.5公斤之间；另一说1-1.6公斤)，为一红棕色的V字形器官。肝脏是尿素合成的主要器官，又是新陈代谢的重要器官。
胆囊，是位于右方肋骨下肝脏后方的梨形囊袋构造，有浓缩和储存胆汁之作用。胆囊分底、体、颈、管四部，颈部连胆囊管。胆囊壁由粘膜、肌层和外膜三层组成，胆囊位于肝脏下面，正常胆囊长约8～12cm，宽3～5cm，容量约为30～60m1。胆囊内面以粘膜覆盖，有发达的皱襞。胆囊收缩排空时，皱襞高大而分支；胆囊充盈时，皱臂减少变矮。粘膜上皮为单层柱状。细胞游离面有许多微绒毛，胞质内线粒体和粗面内质网较发达，顶部胞质内可见少量粘液颗粒。固有层为薄层结缔组织，有较丰富的血管、淋巴管和弹性纤维。皱壁之间的上皮常向固有层内延伸，形成深陷的粘膜窦。类似粘液腺，可分泌粘液。肌层较薄，肌纤维排列不甚规则，有斜行、环行、纵行等。外膜较厚，为疏松结缔组织，含血管、淋巴管和神经等，外膜表面大部覆以浆膜。切除胆囊后，胆总管会出现代偿性扩张[3]。如此功能丧失，将出现类似胆绞痛和不适感。切除人的胆囊后果表现为：①厌食脂肪性食物，由于没有浓缩的胆囊胆汁进入小肠，肠内的胆汁酸量达不到临界微胶粒浓度(见吸收)，所以摄入较多脂肪时，将出现脂肪消化不良，从而引起厌食脂肪性食物；②胆汁酸池减少，胆汁酸的肠肝循环次数增加，结果肠内胆汁酸量下降不致过多；⑧胆汁内次级胆汁酸含量增多，这是由于切除胆囊后，初级胆汁酸进入肠腔的量增多，肠内细菌作用所产生的次级胆汁酸量也增多并被吸收再进入胆汁的缘故；④胆汁中胆固醇减少，胆固醇由饱和变成不饱和状态，这对于防止胆固醇结石再生成是有利的。
肝脏手术后，腹部切口会疼痛，处理不当会引起炎症。
在现有缓解麻醉消失后疼痛的相关文献中，申请公布号CN 103735865 A(申请号201410043896.1)的中国专利文献公开了一种防治麻醉后夸张性疼痛的药物，以解决麻醉后疼痛高敏的治疗问题。其特征在于由下列重量配比的原料药制备而成：雀榕叶、肿节风、石斛、葛仙米、石胡荽、前胡、杏仁、桉叶、乌梅、青葙子、木瓜、白马骨。授权公告号CN 102961720B(申请号201210534812.5)的中国专利文献公开了一种治疗硬膜外麻醉后腰背痛的药剂，它是由下述重量配比的物质制成：全叶青兰10-20份、丁公藤10-25份、一枝黄花1-15份、九里香1-10份、防风1-15份、小野鸡尾1-10份、干姜1-10份、大青叶1-15份、小通草1-10份、山慈菇10-20份、天南星10-30份、车前子1-20份、甘遂1-10份、石见穿10-20份和白术1-10份。
目前，包括上述专利文献在内的现有技术在腹部切口止痛消炎方面尚存不足，比如疗效不确切，成本高昂等。临床实践急需一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂。
发明内容
针对腹部切口止痛消炎的现状，本发明的目的在于提供一种可有效止痛并无副作用的一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂及制备方法。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：梅片7-11份，延胡索12-16份，血竭10-14份，黄柏7-12份，牡丹皮5-9份，大蓟10-20份，大青叶16-20份，威灵仙13-19份，柴胡13-17份，乳香5-13份，独活11-17份。
上述用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，优选的方案，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：梅片8-10份，延胡索13-15份，血竭11-13份，黄柏8-11份，牡丹皮6-8份，大蓟13-18份，大青叶17-19份，威灵仙14-18份，柴胡14-16份，乳香7-11份，独活13-15份。
以上所述用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，更佳优选的方案，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：梅片9份，延胡索14份，血竭12份，黄柏10份，牡丹皮7份，大蓟15份，大青叶18份，威灵仙16份，柴胡15份，乳香9份，独活14份。
根掘上面任一所述的用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，其制备方法步骤如下：
(1)将大蓟和大青叶放于锅中，隔水加热至散发出青味，晾凉后待用；
(2)将梅片和牡丹皮，拣去杂质，放于非铁质容器内，加水70-90℃(2浸泡至水变色，置于无烟的炉火上文火慢煎10-30分钟，过滤，滤液备用；
(3)将步骤(1)所得原料药与延胡索、血竭、黄柏、威灵仙、柴胡、乳香和独活一同至于砂锅内，加入步骤(2)所得滤液，浸泡3-5小时后，武火煎开，转文火煎煮1-3小时(优选2小时)，过滤，得滤液1，将滤渣再次加水，文火煎煮0.5-1.5小时(优选1小时)，过滤，得滤液2，将滤液1与滤液2合并，煎煮10-30分钟，一边煎煮一边搅拌，停火，过160-200目过滤网，装瓶既得中药喷剂。
上述中药喷剂的制备方法，优选的方案在于：步骤(2)加水75-85℃浸泡至水变色(优选的，加水80℃浸泡至水变色)。
上述中药喷剂的制备方法，优选的方案在于：步骤(2)置于无烟的炉火上文火慢煎15-25分钟(优选的，置于无烟的炉火上文火慢煎20分钟)。
上述中药喷剂的制备方法，优选的方案在于：步骤(2)水的用量是梅片和牡丹皮重量的3-8倍(优选的，水的用量是梅片和牡丹皮重量的5-7倍，更佳优选的，水的用量是梅片和牡丹皮重量的6倍)。
上述中药喷剂的制备方法，优选的方案在于：步骤(3)浸泡3.5-4.5小时后，武火煎开(优选的，浸泡4小时后，武火煎开)。
上述中药喷剂的制备方法，优选的方案在于：步骤(3)将滤液1与滤液2合并，煎煮15-25分钟(优选的，将滤液1与滤液2合并，煎煮20分钟)。
上述中药喷剂的制备方法，优选的方案在于：步骤(3)过170-190目过滤网(优选过180目过滤网)。
一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，所含中药的各原料的药理功效分别为：
梅片：本品为樟科植物梅片树的新鲜枝叶，经水蒸汽蒸馏，收集镏出液，析出的结晶。为白色半透明粉末状结晶；气清香，味辛、凉；具挥发性，点燃发生黑烟，并带有黄色的火焰辛，苦，凉。归心、脾、肺经功能与主治通诸窍，散郁火，消肿止痛，去翳明目。用于中风口禁，惊痈痰迷。外用治喉痹齿痛，口疮痈疡，目赤肤翳。延胡索：为罂粟科植物延胡索的块茎。活血，散瘀，理气，止痛。治心腹腰膝诸痛，月经不调，癥瘕，崩中，产后血晕，恶露不尽，跌打损伤。
延胡索：延胡索又名：延胡、玄胡索、元胡索、元胡等。是罂粟科、紫堇属多年生草本植物，块茎球形，花瓣紫红色；蒴果圆柱形，两端渐狭。夏季开花。块茎为著名的常用中药，含20多种生物碱，用于行气止痛、活血散瘀、跌打损伤等。
血竭：性味：甘、咸，平。归经：归心、肝经。功效：祛瘀定痛，止血生肌。主治：用于跌扑折损，内伤瘀痛；外伤出血不止。
黄柏：性味：苦，寒。归经：归肾、膀胱经。功效：清热燥湿，泻火除蒸，解毒疗疮。主治：用于湿热泻痢，黄疸，带下，热淋，脚气，痿躄，骨蒸劳热，盗汗，遗精，疮疡肿毒，湿疹瘙痒。盐黄柏滋阴降火。用于阴虚火旺，盗汗骨蒸。
牡丹皮：性味：苦、辛，微寒。归经：归心、肝、肾经。功效：清热凉血，活血化瘀。主治：用于温毒发斑.吐血衄血，夜热早凉，无汗骨蒸，经闭痛经，痈肿疮毒，跌扑伤痛。
大蓟：性味：甘、苦，凉。归经：归心、肝经。功效：凉血止血，祛瘀消肿。主治：用于衄血.吐血.尿血，便血，崩漏下血，外伤出血，痈肿疮毒。
大青叶：苦，寒。归心、胃经。清热解毒，凉血消斑。用于温邪人营.高热神昏，发斑发疹，黄疽，热痢，痄腮，喉痹，丹毒.痈肿。
威灵仙：为毛茛科铁线莲属植物威灵仙、棉团铁线莲、东北铁线莲的根及根茎。辛、咸、微苦，温，小毒。归膀胱、肝经。祛风除湿，通络止痛。主治风湿痹痛，肢体麻木，筋脉拘挛，屈伸不利，脚气肿痛，疟疾，骨哽咽喉。并治痰饮积聚。
柴胡：性味：苦，微寒。归经：归肝、胆经。功效：和解表里，疏肝，升阳。主治：用于感冒发热.寒热往来，胸胁胀痛，月经不调；子宫脱垂，脱肛。
乳香：为橄榄科乳香属植物乳香树、鲍达乳香树、野乳香树等皮部渗出的油胶树脂。辛、苦，温。归心、肝、脾经。活血，行气，止痛。主治心腹疼痛，经闭，痛经，产后瘀滞腹痛，跌打瘀痛，痈疽肿毒，疮溃不敛。
独活：性味：辛、苦，微温。归经：归肾、膀胱经。功效：祛风除湿，通痹止痛。主治：用于风寒湿痹，腰膝疼痛，少阴伏风头痛。
本发明一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，其中所含中药组合物中梅片、延胡索、黄柏、大蓟、威灵仙、乳香及独活等均具有止痛、消炎和杀菌的效果，这些药物通过发挥协同作用能够用于腹部切口止痛消炎，而药方中其他几味药材则从性味归经方面平衡整个中药组合物的药性，使得该药物在发挥其疗效的同时不会对身体造成伤害。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案，但保护范围不被此限制。
实施例1一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成(每份取10g)：梅片7份，延胡索12份，血竭10份.黄柏7份，牡丹皮5份.大蓟10份.大青叶16份，威灵仙13份，柴胡13份，乳香5份，独活11份。
上述用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂的制备方法，步骤如下：.
(1)将大蓟和大青叶放于锅中，隔水加热至散发出青味，晾凉后待用；
(2)将梅片和牡丹皮，拣去杂质，放于非铁质容器内，加水70℃浸泡至水变色，水的用量是梅片和牡丹皮重量的3倍，置于无烟的炉火上文火慢煎10分钟，过滤，滤液备用；
(3)将步骤(1)所得原料药与延胡索、血竭、黄柏、威灵仙、柴胡、乳香和独活一同至于砂锅内，加入步骤(2)所得滤液，浸泡3小时后，武火煎开，转文火煎煮1小时，过滤，得滤液1，将滤渣再次加水，文火煎煮0.5小时，过滤，得滤液2，将滤液1与滤液2合并，煎煮10分钟，一边煎煮一边搅拌，停火，过160目过滤网，装瓶既得中药喷剂。
典型案例一：林某，女，42岁，已婚，山东济南人士，汉族，某大型工厂的工人。2011年3月右上腹剧痛，疼痛常突然发作，十分剧烈。这样的疼痛大概持续了3个月的时间，家人见其症状越发严重，便带其去医院检查，被确诊为胆囊炎，非常的严重，需要用手术治疗，患者很快做了手术，但是手术没有处理好，腹部的切口经常疼痛难忍，而且伤口还有点轻微的发红，医生给其使用本发明所得喷剂。
实施例1所得中药喷剂，在疼痛发生时，用力摇晃中药喷剂10下，轻轻喷在腹部手术切口处，3分钟后，患者疼痛消失，使用了3天患者的伤口处红肿的现象消失。
实施例2一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成(每份取10g)：梅片11份，延胡索16份，血竭14份，黄柏12份，牡丹皮9份，大蓟20份，大青叶20份，威灵仙19份，柴胡17份，乳香13份，独活17份。
上述用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂的制备方法，步骤如下：
(1)将大蓟和大青叶放于锅中，隔水加热至散发出青味，晾凉后待用；
(2)将梅片和牡丹皮，拣去杂质，放于非铁质容器内，加水90℃浸泡至水变色，水的用量是梅片和牡丹皮重量的8倍，置于无烟的炉火上文火慢煎30分钟，过滤，滤液备用；
(3)将步骤(1)所得原料药与延胡索、血竭、黄柏、威灵仙、柴胡、乳香和独活一同至于砂锅内，加入步骤(2)所得滤液，浸泡5小时后，武火煎开，转文火煎煮3小时，过滤，得滤液1，将滤渣再次加水，文火煎煮1.5小时，过滤，得滤液2，将滤液1与滤液2合并，煎煮30分钟，一边煎煮一边搅拌，停火，过200目过滤网，装瓶既得中药喷剂。
实施例3一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成(每份取10g)：梅片8份，延胡索13份，血竭11份，黄柏8份，牡丹皮6份，大蓟13份，大青叶17份，威灵仙14份，柴胡14份，乳香7份，独活13份。
上述用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂的制备方法，步骤如下：
(1)将大蓟和大青叶放于锅中，隔水加热至散发出青味，晾凉后待用；
(2)将梅片和牡丹皮，拣去杂质，放于非铁质容器内，加水75℃浸泡至水变色，水的用量是梅片和牡丹皮重量的5倍，置于无烟的炉火上文火慢煎15分钟，过滤，滤液备用；
(3)将步骤(1)所得原料药与延胡索、血竭、黄柏、威灵仙、柴胡、乳香和独活一同至于砂锅内，加入步骤(2)所得滤液，浸泡3.5小时后，武火煎开，转文火煎煮1.5小时，过滤，得滤液1，将滤渣再次加水，文火煎煮0.8小时，过滤，得滤液2，将滤液1与滤液2合并，煎煮15分钟，一边煎煮一边搅拌，停火，过170目过滤网.装瓶既得中药喷剂。
实施例4一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成(每份取10g)：梅片10份，延胡索15份，血竭13份，黄柏11份，牡丹皮8份，大蓟18份，大青叶19份，威灵仙18份，柴胡16份，乳香11份，独活15份。
上述一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂的制备方法，步骤如下：
(1)将大蓟和大青叶放于锅中，隔水加热至散发出青味，晾凉后待用；
(2)将梅片和牡丹皮，拣去杂质，放于非铁质容器内，加水85℃浸泡至水变色，水的用量是梅片和牡丹皮重量的7倍，置于无烟的炉火上文火慢煎25分钟，过滤，滤液备用；
(3)将步骤(1)所得原料药与延胡索、血竭、黄柏、威灵仙、柴胡、乳香和独活一同至于砂锅内，加入步骤(2)所得滤液，浸泡4.5小时后，武火煎开，转文火煎煮2.5小时，过滤，得滤液1，将滤渣再次加水，文火煎煮1.3小时，过滤，得滤液2，将滤液1与滤液2合并，煎煮25分钟，一边煎煮一边搅拌，停火，过190目过滤网，装瓶既得中药喷剂。
典型案例二李某，男，35岁，已婚，汉族，山东济宁人士，长期在外打工的工人。2012年2月因经常发生间歇性头晕目眩、心率加快入院，经检查确诊为肾上腺良性肿瘤，在局部麻醉下进行了腹腔镜肾上腺切除术。手术结束后，病人感到手术切口处疼痛难忍，无法正常休息，口服药液效果又不好，就给其使用本发明所得中药喷剂。
蘸取实施例4中所得中药喷剂，使用前使劲摇晃15小，轻轻喷于手术切口处，2分钟后，疼痛感缓解，5分钟后疼痛消失，连续使用3天，还起到了很好的杀菌消炎的作用。
实施例5一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成(每份取10g)：梅片9份，延胡索14份，血竭12份，黄柏10份，牡丹皮7份，大蓟15份，大青叶18份，威灵仙16份，柴胡15份，乳香9份，独活14份。
上述一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂的制备方法，步骤如下：
(1)将大蓟和大青叶放于锅中，隔水加热至散发出青味，晾凉后待用；
(2)将梅片和牡丹皮，拣去杂质，放于非铁质容器内，加水80℃浸泡至水变色，水的用量是梅片和牡丹皮重量的3-8倍，置于无烟的炉火上文火慢煎20分钟，过滤，滤液备用；
(3)将步骤(1)所得原料药与延胡索、血竭、黄柏、威灵仙、柴胡、乳香和独活一同至于砂锅内，加入步骤(2)所得滤液，浸泡4小时后，武火煎开，转文火煎煮2小时，过滤，得滤液1，将滤渣再次加水，文火煎煮1小时，过滤，得滤液2，将滤液1与滤液2合并，煎煮20分钟，一边煎煮一边搅拌，停火，过180目过滤网，装瓶既得中药喷剂。
实验例为了验证本发明的中药喷剂对腹部切口止痛消炎有确切疗效，随机抽取了200名手术后患者(胆囊炎手术、肝脏手术)，其中男性100例，女性100例，平均年龄45岁。根据病情和病理划分为实验组和对照组，每组各100人，确保给药组和对照组情况基本一致。
治疗方法：
实验组：取本发明实施例5所得中药喷剂，使用前用力摇晃5-15下，轻轻喷于在手术切口处，每次喷3-6下，一日数次，疼痛时即可喷。
对照组：服用普通止痛药(如阿司匹林、盐酸吗啡缓释片等)，一天3次，每次1片。
疗效评定：采用语言等级评定表对患者疼痛程度进行评价，让患者表述自己感觉到的疼痛的程度，分别为无痛、轻度痛、中度痛、重度痛、剧痛；其中无痛及轻度痛为显效，中度痛为有效，重度痛及剧痛为无效。
观察期限3天，每隔10个小时观察一次，记录并统计所有患者疼痛的缓解情况以及有无发炎，红肿现象出现。
实验结果：
实验组：100例患者中显效95例(95％)，有效3例(3％)，无效2例，总有效率98％，在观察期内所有患者无任何不适反应。
对照组：100例患者中显效55例(50％)，有效20例(20％)，无效30例，总有效率70％，在观察期内有7例(7％)患者出现恶心、呕吐等不良反应，20例(20％)患者出现依赖成瘾现象。
结果分析：实验组与对照组均能在观察期内达到腹部切口止痛消炎的效果，但是实验组的显效率及总有效率明显高于对照组，而且对照组中还出现了不良反应的病例，以及依赖成瘾现象。所以本发明所得中药喷剂在腹部切口止痛消炎方面具有显著的疗效，而且由于本品全部选择纯天然中药材经过适当的炮制，使用方便，且无任何毒副作用，也不会对神经系统造成负担，不会导致依赖成瘾。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，其特征在于：取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：梅片7-11份，延胡索12-16份，血竭10-14份，黄柏7-12份，牡丹皮5-9份，大蓟10-20份，大青叶16-20份，威灵仙13-19份，柴胡13-17份，乳香5-13份，独活11-17份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，其特征在于：取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：梅片8-10份，延胡索13-15份，血竭11-13份，黄柏8-11份，牡丹皮6-8份，大蓟13-18份，大青叶17-19份，威灵仙14-18份，柴胡14-16份，乳香7-11份，独活13-15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，其特征在于：取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：梅片9份，延胡索14份，血竭12份，黄柏10份，牡丹皮7份，大蓟15份，大青叶18份，威灵仙16份，柴胡15份，乳香9份，独活14份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的用于腹部切口止痛消炎的中药喷剂，其制备方法步骤如下：
(1)将大蓟和大青叶放于锅中，隔水加热至散发出青味，晾凉后待用；
(2)将梅片和牡丹皮，拣去杂质，放于非铁质容器内，加水70-90℃浸泡至水变色，置于无烟的炉火上文火慢煎10-30分钟，过滤，滤液备用；
(3)将步骤(1)所得原料药与延胡索、血竭、黄柏、威灵仙、柴胡、乳香和独活一同至于砂锅内，加入步骤(2)所得滤液，浸泡3-5小时后，武火煎开，转文火煎煮1-3小时(优选2小时)，过滤，得滤液1，将滤渣再次加水，文火煎煮0.5-1.5小时(优选1小时)，过滤，得滤液2，将滤液1与滤液2合并，煎煮10-30分钟，一边煎煮一边搅拌，停火，过160-200目过滤网，装瓶既得中药喷剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的中药喷剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)加水75-85℃浸泡至水变色(优选的，加水80℃浸泡至水变色)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的中药喷剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)置于无烟的炉火上文火慢煎15-25分钟(优选的，置于无烟的炉火上文火慢煎20分钟)。
7.根据权利要求4所述的中药喷剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)水的用量是梅片和牡丹皮重量的3-8倍(优选的，水的用量是梅片和牡丹皮重量的5-7倍，更佳优选的，水的用量是梅片和牡丹皮重量的6倍)。
8.根据权利要求4所述的中药喷剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)浸泡3.5-4.5小时后，武火煎开(优选的，浸泡4小时后，武火煎开)。
9.根据权利要求4所述的中药喷剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)将滤液1与滤液2合并，煎煮15-25分钟(优选的，将滤液1与滤液2合并，煎煮20分钟)。
10.根据权利要求4所述的中药喷剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)过170-190目过滤网(优选过180目过滤网)。
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