CN104422164A - Solar heat collection device, solar heat absorber and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Solar heat collection device, solar heat absorber and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104422164A CN104422164A CN201310384597.XA CN201310384597A CN104422164A CN 104422164 A CN104422164 A CN 104422164A CN 201310384597 A CN201310384597 A CN 201310384597A CN 104422164 A CN104422164 A CN 104422164A
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- bearing part
- solar heat
- cushion
- heat
- heat absorber
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010037 TiAlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#[C] FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005457 Black-body radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitride Chemical group [Zr]#N ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solar heat collection device, a solar heat absorber and a manufacturing method. The solar heat absorber comprises a load bearing part, multiple pipelines and an absorbing coating. The pipelines are buried in the load bearing part so that a heat absorption medium can flow in the pipelines. The absorbing coating is arranged on one outer surface of the load bearing part and comprises a buffer layer, an absorbing layer and an anti-reflection layer. The buffer layer is arranged on the outer surface of the load bearing part. The absorbing layer is arranged on the buffer layer and comprises a transition region which includes a plurality of sub-layers and is adjacent to the buffer layer. The anti-reflection layer is arranged on the absorbing layer, wherein a beam of light is appropriate to enter the absorbing layer through the anti-reflection layer and heat energy of the light is transmitted to the heat absorption medium in the pipelines after being absorbed by the absorbing layer.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of heat absorber and heat collector, and relate to a kind of solar energy heat collector, solar heat absorber and preparation method especially.
Background technology
In recent years, applied solar energy is flourish just fast as the related industry of the energy, such as, be the luminous energy of solar energy converted to electric energy or heat energy and be applied.For solar water heater, the operation principle of solar water heater the radiant heat energy from sunshine to be absorbed and in order to heat water temperature.Solar water heater is configured with solar heat absorber (solar thermal absorber), in order to radiation-absorbing heat energy.
Figure 1A is the schematic diagram of existing a kind of solar heat absorber.Figure 1B is the partial enlarged drawing of solar heat absorber along I-I ' line of Figure 1A.Please refer to Figure 1A and Figure 1B, existing solar heat absorber is of a great variety, part solar heat absorber (the solar heat absorber 10 of such as Figure 1A and Figure 1B) is wherein had to be with baffle (absorbing plate) 12 radiation-absorbing heat energy, and heat energy is passed to the heat pipe (heat conducting tube) 14 be distributed on baffle 12, and then heating flows to the unshowned heat-absorbing medium (being such as water or other liquid be suitable for) in heat pipe 14.In other words, after the heat energy of sunshine absorbs via the baffle 12 in this type of solar heat absorber 10, the heat energy absorbed is passed to heat pipe 14 by heat-conduction principle, the high temperature being passed to heat pipe 14 is passed to by heat transfer and thermal convection principle the heat-absorbing medium flowed through in heat pipe 14 again, completes the object of heating heat-absorbing medium.In addition, the baffle 12 of solar heat absorber 10 can be coated with usually the absorber coatings (not shown) that can improve heat absorption efficiency, to increase the heat absorption efficiency of baffle 12.
But as seen from the above description, the heat energy of sunshine just must can be passed to the heat-absorbing medium in heat pipe 14 after baffle 12 with heat pipe 14.In other words, be passed to the bang path of heat-absorbing medium from the external world longer for heat energy.Specifically, as shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1B, heat pipe 14 is normally welded on baffle 12 with the solar heat absorber 10 of heat pipe 14 by the baffle 12 that is configured with common at present, transfers heat energy to the heat-absorbing medium in heat pipe 14 with the baffle 12 by being connected to each other and heat pipe 14.This kind of way makes the bang path between baffle 12 and heat pipe 14 longer (heat energy need can be passed to heat-absorbing medium through the tube wall that baffle 12 and heat pipe 14 are respective), and owing to contacting with each other by means of only pad between baffle 12 and heat pipe 14, contact area between the two less (region A as shown in Figure 1B), heat energy cannot be passed to heat pipe 14(heat energy from baffle 12 efficiently and easily directly scatter and disappear on baffle 12).Accordingly, the endothermic effect of solar heat absorber 10 is limited, and then affects the Heat-collecting effect of solar energy heat collector of applied solar energy heat absorber 10.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of solar heat absorber, there is good heat absorption efficiency.
The invention provides a kind of solar energy heat collector, there is good overall collecting efficiency (panelefficiency).
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of solar heat absorber, the heat absorption efficiency of solar heat absorber can be promoted.
Solar heat absorber of the present invention comprises a bearing part (carrier), multiple pipeline and an absorber coatings (absorbing coating).Be embedded in pipeline in bearing part, within it flow with for a heat-absorbing medium.Absorber coatings is configured on an outer surface of bearing part.Absorber coatings comprises a cushion (dampinglayer), an absorbed layer (absorbing layer) and an anti-reflecting layer.Cushion is configured on the outer surface of bearing part.Absorbed layer is configured on cushion, and wherein absorbed layer has a transition region of contiguous cushion, and the absorbed layer in transition region comprises multiple sublayer.Anti-reflecting layer is configured on absorbed layer, and wherein a light is suitable for being incident to absorbed layer via anti-reflecting layer, and the heat energy of light is after being absorbed by the absorption layer, and is passed to the heat-absorbing medium in pipeline.
In one embodiment of this invention, the material of above-mentioned bearing part comprises metal or plastics (plastic) that emissivity (emissivity) is more than or equal to 0.1, and absorber coatings also comprises a metal level.Metal level is configured between bearing part and cushion, and the emissivity of metal level is lower than the emissivity of bearing part.
According to having the understanding usually knowing the knowledgeable in the art, the emissivity that the application records can refer to " energy of object radiation and the ratio of synthermal black body radiation energy ", in order to the index as material absorbing and emittance ability.Generally speaking, the emissivity of black matrix is decided to be 1, and the emissivity of other objects is less than 1 usually.
In one embodiment of this invention, the material of above-mentioned bearing part comprises stainless steel (stainless steel, SUS) or polymer (polymer).
In one embodiment of this invention, the material of above-mentioned bearing part comprises the metal that emissivity is less than 0.1.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned bearing part comprises two mould boards (shaped board), and two mould boards are fitted (attached) relatively, and form pipeline between two mould boards.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned bearing part and pipeline are formed in integrated mode by homogenous material.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned solar heat absorber also comprises at least one communicating pipe (connecting tube), is configured at the side of bearing part, and connecting pipe.
In one embodiment of this invention, the material of above-mentioned cushion comprises metal nitride, metal carbides or carbonitride.
In one embodiment of this invention, the material of above-mentioned absorbed layer comprises metal oxide and metal nitride, metal carbides or carbonitride.
In one embodiment of this invention, the nitrogen content of above-mentioned sublayer reduces towards the direction away from cushion relative to the ratio of oxygen content gradually relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content.
In one embodiment of this invention, the nitrogen content of above-mentioned sublayer is gradually reduced to zero relative to the ratio of oxygen content towards the direction away from cushion relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content.
In one embodiment of this invention, the material of above-mentioned anti-reflecting layer comprises Si oxide or silicon nitride.
Solar energy heat collector of the present invention (solar thermal collector) comprises above-mentioned solar heat absorber and a storage device.Storage device is communicated with solar heat absorber, to store heat-absorbing medium.
The preparation method of solar heat absorber of the present invention comprises the following steps.One bearing part is provided, and is embedded in bearing part in multiple pipeline.Form an absorber coatings on an outer surface of bearing part, comprise the following steps.Form a cushion on the outer surface of bearing part.Form an absorbed layer on cushion, wherein absorbed layer has a transition region of contiguous cushion, and forms the step of absorbed layer in transition region and comprise and sequentially form multiple sublayer.Form an anti-reflecting layer on absorbed layer.
In one embodiment of this invention, the preparation method of above-mentioned solar heat absorber also comprises the following steps.Before forming the step of cushion on the outer surface of bearing part, form a metal level on the outer surface of bearing part, and the emissivity of metal level is lower than the emissivity of bearing part.
In one embodiment of this invention, the above-mentioned step of bearing part that provides comprises the following steps.Two mould boards are provided.To fit two mould boards, and be embedded in the multiple pipelines in bearing part in being formed between two mould boards.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentionedly provide the step of bearing part to comprise to form bearing part and pipeline by homogenous material in integrated mode.
In one embodiment of this invention, the preparation method of above-mentioned solar heat absorber also comprise formed at least a connecting pipe in the side of bearing part, and at least one communicating pipe connecting pipe.
In one embodiment of this invention, sequentially formed in the step of sublayer above-mentioned, the nitrogen content of sublayer reduces towards the direction away from cushion relative to the ratio of oxygen content gradually relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content.
In one embodiment of this invention, sequentially formed in the step of sublayer above-mentioned, the nitrogen content of sublayer is gradually reduced to zero relative to the ratio of oxygen content towards the direction away from cushion relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content.
Based on above-mentioned, solar heat absorber of the present invention and its preparation method are embedded in pipeline in bearing part, and are configured on outer surface by absorber coatings.Light is to absorber coatings, and the heat energy of light is after being absorbed by absorber coatings, is passed to the heat-absorbing medium in pipeline.Because pipeline and bearing part share identical outer surface, the contact area of bearing part and pipeline is increased, and heat energy can be passed to the heat-absorbing medium in pipeline effectively.Accordingly, the preparation method of solar heat absorber of the present invention effectively can promote the heat absorption efficiency of solar heat absorber, and then makes the solar energy heat collector of this solar heat absorber of application have good collecting efficiency.
For above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, special embodiment below, and coordinate accompanying drawing to be described in detail below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is the schematic diagram of existing a kind of solar heat absorber;
Figure 1B is the partial enlarged drawing of solar heat absorber along I-I ' line of Figure 1A;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the solar heat absorber of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 A is the partial enlarged drawing of solar heat absorber along A-A ' line of Fig. 2;
Fig. 3 B is the partial enlarged drawing of solar heat absorber along B-B ' line of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the partial schematic diagram of the solar heat absorber of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is the partial schematic diagram of the solar heat absorber of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 D is the Making programme schematic diagram of the solar heat absorber of Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the solar energy heat collector of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the schematic top plan view of the solar heat absorber of Fig. 7.
Description of reference numerals:
10,100,100a: solar heat absorber;
12: baffle;
14: heat pipe;
50: solar energy heat collector;
52: storage device;
54: water pipe;
56: bracing frame;
110,110a: bearing part;
112a, 112b: appearance plate;
120: pipeline;
130,130a: absorber coatings;
132: cushion;
134: absorbed layer
134a: sublayer;
136: anti-reflecting layer;
138: metal level;
140a: the first communicating pipe;
140b: the second communicating pipe;
150: housing;
160: cover plate;
D1: first direction;
H: heat energy;
A: region;
L: light;
R: transition region;
S: outer surface.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the solar heat absorber of one embodiment of the invention.Fig. 3 A is the partial enlarged drawing of solar heat absorber along A-A ' line of Fig. 2.Fig. 3 B is the partial enlarged drawing of solar heat absorber along B-B ' line of Fig. 2.Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B, in the present embodiment, solar heat absorber 100 comprises bearing part 110, multiple pipeline 120, absorber coatings 130, first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b.Be embedded in bearing part 110 in pipeline 120, within it flow with for heat-absorbing medium (not shown).Absorber coatings 130 is configured on the outer surface S of bearing part 110.First communicating pipe 140a is configured at the relative both sides of bearing part 110 respectively with the second communicating pipe 140b, and connecting pipe 120.Solar heat absorber 100 can be applicable to solar energy heat collector 50(and is illustrated in Fig. 7), wherein solar energy heat collector 50 is such as solar water heater.The operation principle of solar water heater absorbs emittance from sunshine and in order to heat water temperature, and namely solar heat absorber 100 is used to the heat energy absorbing above-mentioned emittance, and then be applied to solar water heater.Therefore, in the present embodiment, the light of the sun is suitable for being incident to absorber coatings 130, and the heat energy of light is after being absorbed by absorber coatings 130, is passed to the heat-absorbing medium (being such as water) in pipeline 120.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, bearing part 110 comprises two appearance plate 112a and 112b(as shown in Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B), two appearance plate 112a and 112b fit relatively, and pipeline 120 is formed between two appearance plate 112a and 112b, be such as on two appearance plate 112a and 112b, utilize machining to form the predetermined groove forming pipeline in advance, and form pipeline 120 by the predetermined groove forming pipeline after laminating two appearance plate 112a and 112b, as shown in Figure 3 B.It can thus be appreciated that the pipeline 120 be inside embedded in bearing part 110 is actually and is made up of bearing part 110, and pipeline 120 and bearing part 110 share identical outer surface S.Therefore, when absorber coatings 130 is configured on the outer surface S of bearing part 110, absorber coatings 130 is also configured at (both share identical outer surface S) on the outer surface of pipeline 120 simultaneously.It can thus be appreciated that when light is to absorber coatings 130, the heat energy of light is absorbed by absorber coatings 130, and is directly passed to the heat-absorbing medium in pipeline 120.Because pipeline 120 and bearing part 110 share identical outer surface S, can riser tubing 120 and bearing part 110 contact area and shorten the bang path of heat energy, and then reduce heat energy and scatter and disappear in transmittance process.Accordingly, solar heat absorber 100 has good heat absorption efficiency.But in other embodiments, bearing part and pipeline also can be formed in integrated mode by homogenous material, make pipeline and bearing part share identical outer surface.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b connecting pipe 120 respectively of the relative both sides of bearing part 110 is configured at.For example, the first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b extends along first direction D1, to be communicated with the pipeline 120 along first direction D1 sequential.The heat-absorbing medium (being such as cold water) not absorbing heat energy enters solar heat absorber 100 via the first communicating pipe 140a and in flow ipe 120.Heat-absorbing medium is outflow conduit 120 after the heat energy absorbing sunshine, and flows out solar heat absorber 100 from the second communicating pipe 140b.But communicating pipe of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned configuration mode.For example, each pipeline 120 can be one another in series, and former and later two pipelines 120 connect an entrance communicating pipe and an outlet pipe respectively.The heat-absorbing medium do not absorbed heat from entrance communicating pipe flow ipe 120, heat-absorbing medium after heat absorption from outlet pipe outflow conduit 120.Or the pipeline 120 be inside embedded in bearing part 110 also can be divided into multiple region, and the pipeline 120 being positioned at zones of different connects different communicating pipes respectively.It can thus be appreciated that the present invention does not limit the mode of the quantity of communicating pipe, position and connecting pipe 120, and it can adjust according to actual demand.
In addition, the production method of the first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b also can adjust according to actual demand.For example, bearing part 110 is being formed with the embodiment of pipeline 120 by two appearance plate 112a and 112b, be configured at the relative both sides of bearing part 110 and the first communicating pipe 140a of connecting pipe 120 and the second communicating pipe 140b also can utilize the generation type identical with pipeline 120 to be formed at the relative both sides of bearing part 110, such as on two appearance plate 112a and 112b, utilize machining to form the predetermined groove forming communicating pipe in advance, and the predetermined groove forming communicating pipe connects the predetermined groove forming pipeline, and the first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b is formed by the predetermined groove forming communicating pipe after laminating two appearance plate 112a and 112b, as shown in Figure 3A.In other embodiments, communicating pipe also can be to be welded in addition between two appearance plates and the metal tube of connecting pipe, or is formed with integrated mode and bearing part and pipeline by homogenous material simultaneously.The present invention does not limit bearing part, pipeline and the production method of communicating pipe.
Fig. 4 is the partial schematic diagram of the solar heat absorber of Fig. 2.Please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, in the present embodiment, absorber coatings 130 comprises cushion 132, absorbed layer 134 and anti-reflecting layer 136.Cushion 132 is configured on the outer surface S of bearing part 110.Absorbed layer 134 is configured on cushion 132.Anti-reflecting layer 136 is configured on absorbed layer 134.In the present embodiment, the material of bearing part 110 comprises low-launch-rate metal, such as, be the material of emissivity between 0.03 to 0.09 such as aluminium (Al) or copper (Cu).Cushion 132 utilizes the mode of sputter to be configured on the outer surface S of bearing part 110, and its thickness is between 30 nanometers (nanometer, nm) to 150 nanometers.The material of cushion 132 comprises metal nitride, metal carbides or carbonitride, be such as the composition of zirconium nitride (ZrN), titanium nitride (TiN), TiAlN (TiAlN), chromium nitride (CrN), titanium carbide (TiC), chromium carbide (CrC), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), carbon TiAlN (TiAlCN), zirconium cyanonitride (ZrCN), carbon chromium nitride (CrCN) or above-mentioned material, it can select suitable material according to actual demand.
On the other hand, absorbed layer 134 is configured on cushion 132 in the mode of sputter equally, and its thickness is between 30 nanometer to 120 nanometers.Specifically, absorbed layer 134 has the transition region R of contiguous cushion 132, and the absorbed layer 134 in transition region R comprises multiple sublayer 134a.The material of absorbed layer 134 comprises metal oxide and metal nitride, metal carbides or carbonitride.In other words, the material of absorbed layer 134 can be considered the mixing of the material being metal oxide and cushion 132.In addition, the nitrogen content being positioned at the sublayer 134a of the transition region R of absorbed layer 134 reduces towards the direction away from cushion 132 relative to the ratio of oxygen content gradually relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content, is reduced to zero even gradually.Also be, be in all sublayer 134a ratio the maximum relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content relative to the ratio of oxygen content closest to the nitrogen content of the sublayer 134a of cushion 132 in transition region R, or say it is that in all sublayer 134a, material forms closest to cushion.When sublayer 134a be sequentially formed at cushion 132 forms transition region R time, the nitrogen content of sublayer 134a reduces relative to the ratio of oxygen content gradually relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content, until aforementioned proportion is reduced to zero, and the material being positioned at the absorbed layer 134 outside transition region R is metal oxide.
In addition, in the present embodiment, anti-reflecting layer 136 is configured on absorbed layer 134, and its thickness is between 60 nanometer to 200 nanometers.The material of anti-reflecting layer 136 comprises Si oxide or silicon nitride.Certainly, material and the thickness of the above-mentioned cushion 132 about absorber coatings 130, absorbed layer 134 and anti-reflecting layer 136 are only in the present embodiment as an example, and are not used to limit the present invention.Because absorber coatings 130 is configured on the outer surface S of bearing part 110 by the present embodiment, light L is suitable for being incident to absorbed layer 134 via anti-reflecting layer 136, and the heat energy H of light L is after absorbed layer 134 absorbs, and is passed to the heat-absorbing medium in pipeline 120.
Furthermore, when light L is incident to anti-reflecting layer 136, some light L is reflected by anti-reflecting layer 136, and some light L is incident to absorbed layer 134 via anti-reflecting layer 136.Therefore, the suitable material selecting anti-reflecting layer 136, the ratio that light L can be made to be incident to absorbed layer 134 via anti-reflecting layer 136 increases (also namely reducing the ratio that light L is reflected by anti-reflecting layer 136).Light L enters absorbed layer 134 along with heat energy H.Heat energy H can absorb by absorbed layer 134, and be passed to bearing part 110 and the interior pipeline 120 be embedded in bearing part 110 via cushion 132, wherein cushion 132 as the buffering of the light L be incident in absorber coatings 130, can absorb the heat energy that non-absorbed layer 134 absorbs via selecting suitable material further.Accordingly, light L provides heat energy H to absorber coatings 130 by thermal-radiating mode, and heat energy H is passed to bearing part 110 and pipeline 120 by heat conducting mode, and then is passed to the heat-absorbing medium being positioned at pipeline 120.Heat-absorbing medium is flowed in the pipeline 120 of solar heat absorber 100 by the first communicating pipe 140a, forms thermal convection current by variations in temperature at pipeline 120, and is flowed out outside solar heat absorber 100 by the second communicating pipe 140b.But solar heat absorber 100 of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, other embodiments of solar heat absorber of the present invention will be described with another embodiment below.
Fig. 5 is the partial schematic diagram of the solar heat absorber of another embodiment of the present invention.Please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the solar heat absorber 100a of Fig. 5 also can the configuration mode of solar heat absorber 100 as shown in Figure 2, comprises bearing part 110a, pipeline 120, absorber coatings 130a, the first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b.The Main Differences of the solar heat absorber 100 of solar heat absorber 100a and Fig. 4 of Fig. 5 is, the material of the bearing part 110a of solar heat absorber 100a comprises the material such as metal or plastics that emissivity is more than or equal to 0.1, wherein metal is such as stainless steel (stainless steel, SUS), and plastics are such as that (polymer is such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) (high density polyethylene, HDPE) to polymer (polymer).Now, the bearing part 110a made from the material by high emissivity in transmittance process for avoiding heat energy H and pipeline 120 part run off, and the absorber coatings 130a of the present embodiment also comprises metal level 138.On the outer surface S that metal level 138 is configured in bearing part 110a and between bearing part 110a and cushion 132, its thickness is greater than 20 nanometers.The emissivity of metal level 138 is lower than the emissivity of bearing part 110a, and its material is such as the low-launch-rate metals (emissivity is between 0.03 to 0.09) such as chromium (Cr), aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu) or tungsten (W).Accordingly, metal level 138 in order to change the characteristic of the outer surface S of bearing part 110a, such as, can reduce the emissivity of the outer surface S of bearing part 110a.
Based on above-mentioned, because the solar heat absorber (solar heat absorber 100 or 100a) of the present embodiment will be embedded in bearing part in pipeline, pipeline and bearing part is made to share identical outer surface, therefore can the contact area of riser tubing and bearing part.When light is to absorber coatings, and the heat energy of light is after being absorbed by absorber coatings, and heat energy directly can be passed to the heat-absorbing medium in pipeline.The design of pipeline and bearing part common exterior surface can reduce heat energy and scatter and disappear in transmittance process.Accordingly, solar heat absorber has good heat absorption efficiency.In addition, when the bearing part of solar heat absorber selects emissivity to be more than or equal to the material of 0.1, by configuring the metal level formed by the material of low-launch-rate (being less than 0.1) on the load bearing member, in order to change the surface characteristic of bearing part.Accordingly, the solar heat absorber of the present embodiment is not limited to selecting of the material of bearing part.
Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 D is the Making programme schematic diagram of the solar heat absorber of Fig. 4.Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 D, in the present embodiment, the preparation method of solar heat absorber 100 comprises the following steps.First, as shown in Figure 6A, provide bearing part 110, and multiple pipeline 120(is illustrated in Fig. 2) in be embedded in bearing part 110.In other words, pipeline 120 need first be formed within the outer surface S of bearing part 110.Above-mentioned bearing part 110 is provided and step within outer surface S pipeline 120 being first formed at bearing part 110 as previously mentioned, such as first provide two mould board 112a and 112b(to be illustrated in Fig. 3 B), and two mould board 112a and 112b form the predetermined groove forming pipeline 120 via machining, then fit two mould board 112a and 112b, and be embedded in the pipeline 120 in bearing part 110 in being formed by the predetermined groove forming pipeline 120 between two mould board 112a and 112b.Similarly, the above-mentioned step of bearing part 110 that provides also can be form bearing part 110 and pipeline 120 by homogenous material in integrated mode foregoing, and the present invention does not limit the generation type of bearing part 110 and pipeline 120.
In addition, the preparation method of solar heat absorber 100 also comprises formation first communicating pipe 140a and the relative both sides of the second communicating pipe 140b in bearing part 110, and the first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b connecting pipe 120.Form the mode of the first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b as previously mentioned, can be by forming the predetermined groove forming communicating pipe between two appearance plate 112a and 112b, and the first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b is formed after laminating two appearance plate 112a and 112b, also can be welded in addition between two appearance plate 112a and 112b (being illustrated in Fig. 3 A), or be formed with integrated mode and bearing part 110 and pipeline 120 by homogenous material simultaneously.The present invention does not limit the generation type of bearing part 110, pipeline 120, first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b.
Finally, as shown in Fig. 6 B to 6D, form absorber coatings 130 on the outer surface S of bearing part 110.Before formation absorber coatings 130 is on the outer surface S of bearing part 110, need first to carry out cleaning to the outer surface S of bearing part 110, such as remove the solder residue produced when forming the first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b by welding, or by machining or mechanical-moulded formation bearing part 110 and the material soft flocks produced during pipeline 120, or further remove the particle being attached to the outer surface S of bearing part 110, to avoid the sputter of the absorber coatings 130 affecting follow-up formation, and affect effect of absorber coatings 130.Form the method for absorber coatings 130 on the outer surface S of bearing part 110 to comprise the following steps.
First, in fig. 6b, cushion 132 is formed on the outer surface S of bearing part 110.Cushion 132 is such as be formed on the outer surface S of bearing part 110 in the mode of sputter, and its material and thickness can with reference to foregoing teachings.
Then, in figure 6 c, absorbed layer 134 is formed on cushion 132.Absorbed layer 134 is such as be formed on cushion 132 in the mode of sputter, and its material and thickness can with reference to foregoing teachings.Absorbed layer 134 has the transition region R of contiguous cushion 132, and forms the step of absorbed layer 134 in transition region R and comprise and sequentially form multiple sublayer 134a.The sublayer 134a being positioned at transition region R is sequentially formed on cushion 132 in the mode of sputter, and in the step sequentially forming sublayer 134a, the nitrogen content of sublayer 134a reduces towards the direction away from cushion 132 relative to the ratio of oxygen content gradually relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content, and then is reduced to zero.In other words, in the process that absorbed layer 134 is formed on cushion 132, absorbed layer 134 reduces nitrogen content in its composition material gradually relative to the ratio of oxygen content or the carbon content ratio relative to oxygen content, the material then nonnitrogenous or carbon of the absorbed layer 134 formed outside transition region R.
Finally, in figure 6d, anti-reflecting layer 136 is formed on absorbed layer 134.The material of anti-reflecting layer 136 and thickness can with reference to foregoing teachings.Cushion 132, absorbed layer 134 form absorber coatings 130 with anti-reflecting layer 136.Absorber coatings 130 is configured on the outer surface S of bearing part 110, and pipeline 120 and bearing part 110 share identical outer surface S, therefore heat energy can be passed to the heat-absorbing medium in pipeline 120 effectively.Based on above-mentioned, because the preparation method of the solar heat absorber 100 of the present embodiment will be embedded in bearing part in pipeline, pipeline and bearing part is made to share identical outer surface, therefore can riser tubing and bearing part contact area and reduce the bang path of heat energy, make solar heat absorber have good heat absorption efficiency.
On the other hand, when the material selection emissivity of bearing part 110 is more than or equal to the material of 0.1, be such as metal (being such as stainless steel) or plastics (being such as polymer) time (being such as the bearing part 110a of Fig. 5), before the preparation method of solar heat absorber 100a is also included in and forms the step of cushion 132 on the outer surface S of bearing part 110a, first form metal level 138 (as shown in Figure 5) on the outer surface S of bearing part 110a, and the emissivity of metal level 138 is lower than the emissivity of bearing part 110a.Accordingly, change the characteristic of the outer surface S of bearing part 110a by metal level 138, make the bearing part of solar heat absorber of the present invention be not limited to use the material of fixing kind.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the solar energy heat collector of one embodiment of the invention.Fig. 8 is the schematic top plan view of the solar heat absorber of Fig. 7.Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, in the present embodiment, solar energy heat collector 50 comprises solar heat absorber 100, storage device 52, water pipe 54 and bracing frame 56.Solar energy heat collector 50 is such as solar water heater, and storage device 52 is such as hot water barrel.Storage device 52 is communicated with solar heat absorber 100, to store heat-absorbing medium (being such as water).Furthermore, storage device 52 is communicated with the first communicating pipe 140a of solar heat absorber 100 and the second communicating pipe 140b(as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 8 via water pipe 54), solar heat absorber 100 is flowed into from storage device 52 via water pipe 54 to make the heat-absorbing medium not absorbing heat energy, and absorbing after width penetrates heat energy via solar heat absorber 100, heat-absorbing medium flows back to storage device 52 via water pipe 54 from solar heat absorber 100.
Specifically; in the present embodiment; when aforesaid solar heat absorber 100 is applied to solar energy heat collector 50, solar heat absorber 100 also comprises other can in order to protect the component of bearing part 110, pipeline 120, absorber coatings 130, first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b.Please refer to Fig. 8, solar heat absorber 100 also comprises housing 150 and cover plate 160.The bearing part 110 of solar heat absorber 100, pipeline 120, absorber coatings 130, first communicating pipe 140a and the second communicating pipe 140b(are as shown in Figure 2) be configured in housing 150.Cover plate 160 covers on housing 150.Sunshine arrives absorber coatings 130 through cover plate 160, and the heat energy of sunshine is passed to the heat-absorbing medium in pipeline 120 via absorber coatings 130.Housing 150 is in order to load and to protect most of component of solar heat absorber 100.Cover plate 160 is transparent cover plate (being such as glass), in order to prevent thermal convection losses and the component of relaying configuration in housing 150.In addition, in housing 150, all right filling with insulation material (not shown), affects the heat absorption efficiency of solar heat absorber 100 in order to prevent heat energy dissipation.Accordingly, solar heat absorber 100 has good heat absorption efficiency.
Please also refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, in the present embodiment, the heat-absorbing medium (being such as cold water) not absorbing heat energy flows into the first communicating pipe 140a of solar heat absorber 100 and then flow ipe 120 via water pipe 54 from storage device 52.The heat energy of sunshine is passed to bearing part 110 and pipeline 120 via absorber coatings 130, and then is passed to the heat-absorbing medium in pipeline 120.Heat-absorbing medium in pipeline 120, absorb heat energy after temperature to raise and density diminishes, therefore absorb the heat-absorbing medium (being such as hot water) after heat energy and idiopathicly can flow back to storage device 52 via the second communicating pipe 140b and water pipe 54.Heat-absorbing medium due to the present embodiment explains for water, and the water absorbing heat energy can directly as domestic water, be such as provide as solar water heater wash scouring water, also can as the heating medium of other materials of indirect.In other embodiments, heat-absorbing medium also can be that other have the material of good endothermic effect, using the heating medium as other materials of indirect after absorbing heat energy.Or storage device 52 is not limited to store heat-absorbing medium, and also namely storage device 52 of the present invention is not limited to be hot water barrel, and storage device also can be used to the device of heat energy storage.
In the present embodiment, solar heat absorber 100 and storage device 52 are configured on bracing frame 56, make solar energy heat collector 50 directly can be set up in open air.In addition, hot water barrel as storage device 52 is the side being configured in solar heat absorber 100, and solar energy heat collector 50 has the solar heat absorber 100 of two mutual serial or parallel connections, these two solar heat absorbers 100 share same storage device 52.But, in other embodiments, solar heat absorber 100 and the storage device 52 of solar energy heat collector 50 can directly be set up on a fixing point (being such as roof), then can omit and use bracing frame 56, and can furnish from the place (being such as be configured in indoor) away from solar heat absorber 100 as the hot water barrel of storage device 52, or a storage device 52 is arranged in pairs or groups a solar heat absorber 100, solar energy heat collector 50 of the present invention can adjust position and the quantity of storage device 52 and solar heat absorber 100 according to demand.In addition, except allowing heat-absorbing medium by the conversion of temperature-density except automatic cycle, solar energy heat collector 50 also can configure extra drive unit (not shown), flows between solar heat absorber 100 and storage device 52 in order to drive the heat-absorbing medium not absorbing heat energy and the heat-absorbing medium having absorbed heat energy.
Therefore, solar heat absorber 100 has good heat absorption efficiency, made and prior art only using pad as both contact points compared to pipeline and bearing part being separated in the past, the Heat-collecting effect applying the solar energy heat collector 50 of this solar heat absorber 100 can be promoted to the heat energy that every square metre absorbs 40% to 50% more.In addition, the solar heat absorber 100 due to the present embodiment has design pipeline 120 and bearing part 110 being shared identical outer surface S, therefore cost of manufacture can also reduce about about 10%.Accordingly, because above-mentioned solar heat absorber 100 has good heat absorption efficiency and lower cost of manufacture, the solar energy heat collector 50 applying this solar heat absorber 100 is made to have good Heat-collecting effect and lower cost of manufacture.
In sum, solar heat absorber of the present invention and its preparation method will be embedded in bearing part in pipeline, make pipeline and bearing part share identical outer surface, therefore can the contact area of riser tubing and bearing part.When light is to absorber coatings, and the heat energy of light is after being absorbed by absorber coatings, and heat energy directly can be passed to the heat-absorbing medium in pipeline.The design of pipeline and bearing part common exterior surface can reduce heat energy and scatter and disappear in transmittance process, makes heat energy effectively can be passed to heat-absorbing medium in pipeline.In addition, the bearing part of solar heat absorber changes the characteristic of outer surface by configuration metal level, therefore bearing part is not limited to the material selecting fixing kind.Accordingly, the preparation method of solar heat absorber of the present invention can make solar heat absorber have good heat absorption efficiency, and then makes the solar energy heat collector of this solar heat absorber of application have good collecting efficiency.
Last it is noted that above each embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to foregoing embodiments to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein some or all of technical characteristic; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (20)
1. a solar heat absorber, is characterized in that, comprising:
One bearing part;
Multiple pipeline, is inside embedded in this bearing part, within it flows with for a heat-absorbing medium; And
One absorber coatings, be configured on an outer surface of this bearing part, this absorber coatings comprises:
One cushion, is configured on this outer surface of this bearing part;
One absorbed layer, is configured on this cushion, and wherein this absorbed layer has a transition region of this cushion contiguous, and this absorbed layer in this transition region comprises multiple sublayer; And
One anti-reflecting layer, is configured on this absorbed layer, and wherein a light is suitable for being incident to this absorbed layer via this anti-reflecting layer, and the heat energy of this light is after being absorbed by this absorbed layer, is passed to this heat-absorbing medium in those pipelines.
2. solar heat absorber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the material of this bearing part comprises metal or plastics that emissivity is more than or equal to 0.1, and this absorber coatings also comprises a metal level, this metal level is configured between this bearing part and this cushion, and the emissivity of this metal level is lower than the emissivity of this bearing part.
3. solar heat absorber according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the material of this bearing part comprises stainless steel or polymer.
4. solar heat absorber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of this bearing part comprises the metal that emissivity is less than 0.1.
5. solar heat absorber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this bearing part comprises two mould boards, and this two mould board is fitted relatively, and forms those pipelines between two mould boards.
6. solar heat absorber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this bearing part and those pipelines are formed in integrated mode by homogenous material.
7. solar heat absorber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise:
At least one communicating pipe, be configured at the side of this bearing part, and be communicated with those pipelines.
8. solar heat absorber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of this cushion comprises metal nitride, metal carbides or carbonitride.
9. solar heat absorber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of this absorbed layer comprises metal oxide and metal nitride, metal carbides or carbonitride.
10. solar heat absorber according to claim 9, is characterized in that, the nitrogen content of those sublayers reduces towards the direction away from this cushion relative to the ratio of oxygen content gradually relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content.
11. solar heat absorbers according to claim 10, is characterized in that, the nitrogen content of those sublayers is gradually reduced to zero relative to the ratio of oxygen content towards the direction away from this cushion relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content.
12. solar heat absorbers according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of this anti-reflecting layer comprises Si oxide or silicon nitride.
13. 1 kinds of solar energy heat collectors, is characterized in that, comprising:
This solar heat absorber according to claim 1; And
One storage device, is communicated with this solar heat absorber, to store this heat-absorbing medium.
14. a preparation method for solar heat absorber, is characterized in that, comprising:
One bearing part is provided, and is embedded in multiple pipeline in this bearing part;
Form an absorber coatings on an outer surface of this bearing part, comprising:
Form a cushion on this outer surface of this bearing part;
Form an absorbed layer on this cushion, wherein this absorbed layer has a transition region of this cushion contiguous, and forms the step of this absorbed layer in this transition region and comprise and sequentially form multiple sublayer; And
Form an anti-reflecting layer on this absorbed layer.
15. the preparation method of solar heat absorber according to claim 14, is characterized in that, also comprise:
Before forming the step of this cushion on this outer surface of this bearing part, form a metal level on this outer surface of this bearing part, and the emissivity of this metal level is lower than the emissivity of this bearing part.
The preparation method of 16. solar heat absorbers according to claim 14, is characterized in that, provides the step of this bearing part to comprise:
Two mould boards are provided; And
To fit this two mould board, and be embedded in the multiple pipelines in this bearing part in being formed between this two mould board.
The preparation method of 17. solar heat absorbers according to claim 14, is characterized in that, provides the step of this bearing part to comprise:
This bearing part and those pipelines is formed in integrated mode by homogenous material.
18. the preparation method of solar heat absorber according to claim 14, is characterized in that, also comprise:
Form at least a connecting pipe and, in the side of this bearing part, and this at least one communicating pipe be communicated with those pipelines.
The preparation method of 19. solar heat absorbers according to claim 14, it is characterized in that, sequentially formed in the step of those sublayers, the nitrogen content of those sublayers reduces towards the direction away from this cushion relative to the ratio of oxygen content gradually relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content.
The preparation method of 20. solar heat absorbers according to claim 14, it is characterized in that, sequentially formed in the step of those sublayers, the nitrogen content of those sublayers is gradually reduced to zero relative to the ratio of oxygen content towards the direction away from this cushion relative to the ratio of oxygen content or carbon content.
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