CN104407575B - A railway power dispatch automation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of railway power dispatch automated system, it includes information management MIS layer, master control layer, middle control layer and field layer, information management MIS layer includes circuit allocation management information system and far management system of checking meter, circuit allocation management information system is responsible for being managed master station and commanding, far management system of checking meter is responsible for remote automatic meter reading, and carries out adding up, calculate and analyzing to electricity consumption data；Master control layer includes master station and electronics duty system, and master station is responsible for each monitoring station of centralized management control, and electronics duty system carries out duty management according to abnormal failure warning table set in advance；Middle control layer includes control station and local monitoring station, and local monitoring station is connected with one or more control stations；Field layer includes on-the-spot executing agency and field apparatus.Centralized and unified management converting station electric power equipment of the present invention and railway station building electromechanical equipment, have good Energy Saving Control and energy conservation function, is provided that enforcement video data and history video data.

Description

A railway power dispatch automation system

technical field

The invention relates to the field of power system management and control, in particular to a railway power dispatching automation system.

Background technique

With the continuous expansion of the railway scale, the workload of railway power monitoring and operation and maintenance is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to implement remote control and management of the electrical equipment in the substation and the electromechanical equipment in the railway station building in order to reduce the workload of daily maintenance of the power grid. Thereby reducing maintenance costs. At present, technologies such as remote control operation of power equipment in power dispatching systems are becoming more and more popular. However, the existing power dispatching systems are not mature enough to realize the visual operation of electromechanical equipment in railway stations and power equipment in substations, and the system cannot obtain real-time information. The video information of the equipment cannot be corrected in time if it is not in place or misplaced when remotely operating with the grid equipment, thus affecting the safe operation of the grid. There are a lot of power equipment along the railway, and each functional system has different requirements for equipment power consumption. Separate management of each system will not play a good role in energy-saving control, but will increase management and maintenance costs.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a railway power dispatching automation system, which can centrally and uniformly manage the power equipment of the substation and the electromechanical equipment of the railway station building, has good energy-saving control and energy management functions, and can provide video data for implementation and historical video data.

The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a railway power dispatching automation system, which includes an information management MIS layer, a main control layer, a central control layer and a field layer.

The information management MIS layer includes the circuit dispatching management information system and the meter reading billing management system. The circuit dispatching management information system, the meter reading billing management system and the monitoring master station are connected to each other. Command, meter reading and billing management system is responsible for remote automatic meter reading, and statistics, calculation and analysis of electricity consumption data.

The main control layer includes the monitoring master station and the electronic duty system. The monitoring master station is connected with the electronic duty system and the monitoring station. The monitoring master station is responsible for centralized management and control of each monitoring station. The electronic duty system performs duty management according to the preset abnormal fault alarm table .

The central control layer includes the control station and the local monitoring station. The local monitoring station is connected to one or more control stations. The control station is connected to the on-site actuator. The control station is responsible for exchanging information with the on-site actuator. The local monitoring station provides human-computer interaction management. It is convenient for on-duty personnel and inspectors to perform monitoring and control tasks locally, and provide interactive services for maintenance personnel.

The field layer includes field actuators and field devices. The field actuators collect field device information and execute control commands sent from the control station.

It also includes a communication network, which includes optical fiber ring type self-healing industrial Ethernet, field bus and GSM wireless network.

The optical fiber ring type self-healing industrial Ethernet is used to connect the monitoring master station and the control station.

The field bus is used to connect the local monitoring station and one or more control stations connected to the local monitoring station, and the field bus is CAN bus, LonWorks bus or RS-485 bus.

Described GSM wireless network comprises GSM/GPRS transceiver, and GSM/GPRS transceiver is arranged on meter reading and charging management system, monitoring master station and local monitoring station, makes meter reading and charging management system, monitoring master station by GSM wireless network It is wirelessly connected with the local monitoring station, and the GSM wireless network is also connected with the GSM mobile device. After the GSM mobile device passes the password verification, it can communicate with the monitoring master station or the meter reading and billing management system.

The on-site actuators at least include smart meters, microcomputer protection devices, reactive power compensation controllers, remote control devices, telemetering devices and remote signaling devices.

The reactive power compensation capacitor controller is a monitoring device of the reactive power compensation device, which plays a role in improving the power factor of the power grid in the power dispatching automation system and reducing the loss of power supply transformers and transmission lines.

The remote control device is a remote relay output module, which is used to accept computer instructions to perform remote operation or automatic control of the system.

The remote signaling device is a switch quantity acquisition module, which is used to collect switch quantity signals and convert them into digital signals, and realize data exchange with the automation system through communication connection.

The telemetry device is an analog acquisition module, which is used to collect analog signals and convert them into digital signals by connecting voltage transformers, current transformers, and transmitters in the power dispatching automation system. For data exchange of automation systems, the analog signal at least includes current, voltage, power, temperature, humidity, pressure and flow.

The microcomputer protection device includes a power quality monitoring device, a power parameter measuring instrument and a multi-circuit monitoring unit.

The power quality monitoring device is responsible for the protection and monitoring of overcurrent, overload, temperature, etc. of incoming line switches and transformers in the power dispatching automation system.

The power parameter measuring instrument is responsible for the monitoring and control of the transformer low-voltage side switch in the power dispatching automation system.

The multi-loop monitoring unit is responsible for the state monitoring machine control of the fire-fighting power supply and the non-fire-fighting power supply contact switch in the power dispatching automation system.

The control station includes a remote monitoring device, and the remote monitoring device includes a cabinet, a communication unit, a remote measurement and control terminal RTU, a terminal block, a switching power supply and a fiber pigtail box, and the communication unit is connected with the fiber pigtail box, and the communication unit is connected with the remote measurement and control terminal The terminal RTU is connected, the switching power supply is connected to the remote measurement and control terminal RTU, and the interface terminals are correspondingly connected to the terminals on the remote measurement and control terminal RTU.

The communication unit is an optical transceiver with self-healing function.

The connecting terminals include remote signaling terminals, remote control terminals, voltage terminals, current terminals, DC terminals and communication terminals.

It also includes relays, air switches and surge arresters.

The communication unit, remote measurement and control terminal RTU, wiring terminals, switching power supply, pigtail box, relay, air switch and lightning arrester are installed by screws on the bottom plate or by standard DIN rails.

The meter reading and billing management system includes a remote automatic meter reading system, a load statistics and analysis system, a load management system and a database server.

The remote automatic meter reading mainly refers to the telemetry meter reading of the smart meter. The remote automatic meter reading system sends a data collection command to the monitoring master station, and the monitoring master station forwards the command to the control station, and the control station controls the on-site actuator to collect data. And the data is fed back to the remote automatic meter reading system, and the remote automatic meter reading system sends the data to the database server for storage.

The load statistics and analysis system shown in the figure calls the historical data of the database server or the real-time data collected by the control station according to the set calculation rules, automatically completes the statistics and analysis of the data, automatically generates curves and charts, counts the power consumption patterns, and generates the entire monitoring system. The system's maximum load table, daily average load table, and time-segmented load table generate the maximum load table, daily average load table, and time-segmented load table of each monitoring device, and count the main power consumption sources, and according to the set electricity price, Automatically calculate electricity bills.

The load control mainly refers to the remote tripping and closing control of electric switches or smart meter switches, which includes three modes of remote tripping, power control and power control.

The remote control tripping method is as follows: the master station issues a tripping or closing command, and the terminal executes the tripping or closing immediately.

The power control method is as follows: when the user's power consumption exceeds the specified active power value, it will be automatically tripped and controlled according to the power setting value; the power control includes power consumption control, time-power control, electricity fee control and power protection form .

The power control method is as follows: when the real-time power consumed by the user exceeds the specified power value, it will be automatically tripped and controlled according to the power setting value. The power control includes control by time period, factory shutdown control and emergency pressure load control.

The electronic on-duty system performs on-duty management according to the preset abnormal fault alarm table. When the system fault alarms, the electronic on-duty system automatically remotely notifies the on-duty personnel or related personnel through telephone dialing, GPRS or short message.

The field equipment includes at least air conditioning system equipment, fresh air system equipment, air supply and exhaust system equipment, refrigeration station system equipment, heat exchange equipment and water supply and drainage system equipment.

It also includes the linkage interface of the fire alarm system FAS. When a fire occurs, the fire alarm system FAS instructs the integrated automation system of the substation to enter the disaster prevention mode through the linkage interface of the fire alarm system FAS. The equipment is connected to the fire power supply, and the field equipment is disconnected from the non-fire power supply.

It also includes a firewall, which is set between the monitoring layer and the information management MIS layer to protect the secure communication between the monitoring master station and the circuit dispatching management information system and the meter reading billing management system, and protect the monitoring master station from being illegally user access.

It also includes a printer. The printer includes a dot matrix printer and an inkjet printer. The printer is responsible for printing statistical reports and alarm information. The printing methods include event printing, regular printing and call printing.

It also includes a video monitor, the video monitor captures on-site device operation images, and the video monitor is connected with the control station.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a railway power dispatching automation system, which centrally and uniformly manages the power equipment of the substation and the electromechanical equipment of the railway station building, has good energy-saving control and energy management functions, and can provide implementation video data and historical video data.

A railway power dispatch automation system is suitable for the following occasions:

(1) Railway electric power, traction power supply dispatching automation, electric power telecontrol, isolating switch telecontrol, etc.;

(2) Subway power SCADA, PSCADA;

(3) Electric power dispatching automation of local electric power enterprises;

(4) Comprehensive automation of large substations;

(5) Power automation of factories and enterprises.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of the system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of the control station device of the present invention.

detailed description

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

As shown in Figure 1, a railway power dispatching automation system includes information management MIS layer, main control layer, central control layer and field layer.

The information management MIS layer includes the circuit dispatching management information system and the meter reading billing management system. The circuit dispatching management information system, the meter reading billing management system and the monitoring master station are connected to each other. Command, meter reading and billing management system is responsible for remote automatic meter reading, and statistics, calculation and analysis of electricity consumption data.

The main control layer includes the monitoring master station and the electronic duty system. The monitoring master station is connected with the electronic duty system and the monitoring station. The monitoring master station is responsible for centralized management and control of each monitoring station. The electronic duty system performs duty management according to the preset abnormal fault alarm table .

The central control layer includes the control station and the local monitoring station. The local monitoring station is connected to one or more control stations. The control station is connected to the on-site actuator. The control station is responsible for exchanging information with the on-site actuator. The local monitoring station provides human-computer interaction management. It is convenient for on-duty personnel and inspectors to perform monitoring and control tasks locally, and provide interactive services for maintenance personnel.

The field layer includes field actuators and field devices. The field actuators collect field device information and execute control commands sent from the control station.

It also includes a communication network, which includes optical fiber ring type self-healing industrial Ethernet, field bus and GSM wireless network.

The optical fiber ring type self-healing industrial Ethernet is used to connect the monitoring master station and the control station.

The field bus is used to connect the local monitoring station and one or more control stations connected to the local monitoring station, and the field bus is CAN bus, LonWorks bus or RS-485 bus.

Described GSM wireless network comprises GSM/GPRS transceiver, and GSM/GPRS transceiver is arranged on meter reading and charging management system, monitoring master station and local monitoring station, makes meter reading and charging management system, monitoring master station by GSM wireless network It is wirelessly connected with the local monitoring station, and the GSM wireless network is also connected with the GSM mobile device. After the GSM mobile device passes the password verification, it can communicate with the monitoring master station or the meter reading and billing management system.

The on-site actuators at least include smart meters, microcomputer protection devices, reactive power compensation controllers, remote control devices, telemetering devices and remote signaling devices.

The reactive power compensation capacitor controller is a monitoring device of the reactive power compensation device, which plays a role in improving the power factor of the power grid in the power dispatching automation system and reducing the loss of power supply transformers and transmission lines.

The remote control device is a remote relay output module, which is used to accept computer instructions to perform remote operation or automatic control of the system.

The remote signaling device is a switch quantity acquisition module, which is used to collect switch quantity signals and convert them into digital signals, and realize data exchange with the automation system through communication connection.

The telemetry device is an analog acquisition module, which is used to collect analog signals and convert them into digital signals by connecting voltage transformers, current transformers, and transmitters in the power dispatching automation system. For data exchange of automation systems, the analog signal at least includes current, voltage, power, temperature, humidity, pressure and flow.

The microcomputer protection device includes a power quality monitoring device, a power parameter measuring instrument and a multi-circuit monitoring unit.

The power quality monitoring device is responsible for the protection and monitoring of overcurrent, overload, temperature, etc. of incoming line switches and transformers in the power dispatching automation system.

The power parameter measuring instrument is responsible for the monitoring and control of the transformer low-voltage side switch in the power dispatching automation system.

The multi-loop monitoring unit is responsible for the state monitoring machine control of the fire-fighting power supply and the non-fire-fighting power supply contact switch in the power dispatching automation system.

As shown in Figure 2, the described control station is a remote monitoring device, and the described remote monitoring device includes a cabinet, a communication unit, a remote measurement and control terminal RTU, a terminal block, a switching power supply and a fiber pigtail box, and the communication unit is connected to the fiber pigtail box , the communication unit is connected to the remote measurement and control terminal RTU, the switching power supply is connected to the remote measurement and control terminal RTU, and the interface terminals are correspondingly connected to the terminals on the remote measurement and control terminal RTU.

The communication unit is an optical transceiver with self-healing function.

The connecting terminals include remote signaling terminals, remote control terminals, voltage terminals, current terminals, DC terminals and communication terminals.

It also includes relays, air switches and surge arresters.

The communication unit, remote measurement and control terminal RTU, wiring terminals, switching power supply, pigtail box, relay, air switch and lightning arrester are installed by screws on the bottom plate or by standard DIN rails.

The meter reading and billing management system includes a remote automatic meter reading system, a load statistics and analysis system, a load management system and a database server.

The remote automatic meter reading mainly refers to the telemetry meter reading of the smart meter. The remote automatic meter reading system sends a data collection command to the monitoring master station, and the monitoring master station forwards the command to the control station, and the control station controls the on-site actuator to collect data. And the data is fed back to the remote automatic meter reading system, and the remote automatic meter reading system sends the data to the database server for storage.

The load statistics and analysis system shown in the figure calls the historical data of the database server or the real-time data collected by the control station according to the set calculation rules, automatically completes the statistics and analysis of the data, automatically generates curves and charts, counts the power consumption patterns, and generates the entire monitoring system. The system's maximum load table, daily average load table, and time-segmented load table generate the maximum load table, daily average load table, and time-segmented load table of each monitoring device, and count the main power consumption sources, and according to the set electricity price, Automatically calculate electricity bills.

The load control mainly refers to the remote tripping and closing control of electric switches or smart meter switches, which includes three modes of remote tripping, power control and power control.

The remote control tripping method is as follows: the master station issues a tripping or closing command, and the terminal executes the tripping or closing immediately.

The power control method is as follows: when the user's power consumption exceeds the specified active power value, it will be automatically tripped and controlled according to the power setting value; the power control includes power consumption control, time-power control, electricity fee control and power protection form .

The power control method is as follows: when the real-time power consumed by the user exceeds the specified power value, it will be automatically tripped and controlled according to the power setting value. The power control includes control by time period, factory shutdown control and emergency pressure load control.

The electronic on-duty system performs on-duty management according to the preset abnormal fault alarm table. When the system fault alarms, the electronic on-duty system automatically remotely notifies the on-duty personnel or related personnel through telephone dialing, GPRS or short message.

The field equipment includes at least air conditioning system equipment, fresh air system equipment, air supply and exhaust system equipment, refrigeration station system equipment, heat exchange equipment and water supply and drainage system equipment.

It also includes the linkage interface of the fire alarm system FAS. When a fire occurs, the fire alarm system FAS instructs the integrated automation system of the substation to enter the disaster prevention mode through the linkage interface of the fire alarm system FAS. The equipment is connected to the fire power supply, and the field equipment is disconnected from the non-fire power supply.

It also includes a firewall, which is set between the monitoring layer and the information management MIS layer to protect the secure communication between the monitoring master station and the circuit dispatching management information system and the meter reading billing management system, and protect the monitoring master station from being illegally user access.

It also includes a printer. The printer includes a dot matrix printer and an inkjet printer. The printer is responsible for printing statistical reports and alarm information. The printing methods include event printing, regular printing and call printing.

It also includes a video monitor, the video monitor captures on-site equipment running pictures, the video monitor is connected to the control station, provides real-time video information, and can also save the video information on the server, so that when an accident occurs, it can be understood more intuitively and clearly The scene at that time.

Both the monitoring master station and the local monitoring station are equipped with monitors, which can be intuitively queried and controlled, and provide better human-computer interaction functions.

A railway power dispatch automation system mainly includes a substation integrated automation system, a distribution network management system and an energy management system.

The substation integrated automation system refers to the combination of some interrelated units that achieve a given goal by performing specified functions. The substation integrated automation system uses advanced computer technology, modern electronic technology, communication technology and information processing technology to realize the Reorganize and optimize the functions of substation secondary equipment (including relay protection, control, measurement, signal, fault recording, automatic device and remote control device, etc.), and monitor, measure and control the operation of all substation equipment and coordination of a comprehensive automation system. Through the exchange of information and data sharing among the various devices in the substation integrated automation system, the substation operation monitoring and control tasks are completed. The substation integrated automation replaces the conventional secondary equipment of the substation and simplifies the secondary wiring of the substation. Substation comprehensive automation is an important technical measure to improve the safe and stable operation of substations, reduce operation and maintenance costs, improve economic benefits, and provide users with high-quality electric energy. The integration of functions is the biggest feature that distinguishes the substation integrated automation system from conventional substations. The substation integrated automation system is based on computer technology, uses data communication as a means, and aims at information sharing.

There are two principles realized by the substation integrated automation system:

One is that the medium and low voltage substations adopt automation systems in order to better implement unmanned duty and achieve the purpose of reducing personnel and increasing efficiency;

Second, for the construction and design of high-voltage substations (220kV and above), it is required to use advanced control methods to solve the technically dispersed and self-contained systems of various disciplines to ensure operational reliability.

There are two power supply systems in the power transformation and distribution system, namely the low-voltage power transformation and distribution system as a fire-fighting power supply and the low-voltage power transformation and distribution system as a non-fire-fighting power supply. The circuit, fire-fighting power supply and non-fire-fighting power supply are isolated and connected through a contact switch.

The distribution network management system is a comprehensive automation system that monitors, controls, and manages the process of power transformation, power distribution, and power consumption.

The energy management system has a good openness, which can be interfaced with the electromechanical equipment monitoring system, and can also be interfaced with the data acquisition and monitoring control system. The electromechanical equipment monitoring system and data acquisition and monitoring control system can be air conditioning monitoring system, fresh air monitoring system, supply and exhaust air monitoring system, refrigeration station monitoring system, heat exchange monitoring system, escalator monitoring system and lighting monitoring system.

The energy management method of the air-conditioning monitoring system includes one or more of the following steps:

(1) Intermittent operation: According to the ambient temperature and humidity parameters, the equipment can be started and stopped reasonably intermittently, and energy-saving control can be achieved without affecting the comfort of the environment;

(2) Optimum start-up: according to the usage of building personnel, turn on the air-conditioning equipment in advance, and do not start the air-conditioning equipment after night;

(3) Optimal shutdown: start or stop air-conditioning equipment in advance according to the on- and off-duty conditions of building personnel;

(4) Adjust the set value: adjust the set value according to the outdoor air temperature to reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioning equipment;

(5) Night wind: In the cool season, the building is filled with night fresh air to save air conditioning energy.

The energy management method of the fresh air monitoring system includes one or more of the following steps:

(1) Intermittent operation: According to the ambient temperature and humidity parameters, the equipment can be started and stopped reasonably intermittently, and energy-saving control can be achieved without affecting the comfort of the environment;

(2) Optimum start-up: according to the usage of building personnel, turn on the air-conditioning equipment in advance, and do not start the air-conditioning equipment after night;

(3) Optimal shutdown: start or stop air-conditioning equipment in advance according to the on- and off-duty conditions of building personnel;

(4) Adjust the set value: adjust the set value according to the outdoor air temperature to reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioning equipment;

(5) Night wind: In the cool season, the building is filled with night fresh air to save air conditioning energy.

The energy management method of the air supply and exhaust air monitoring system includes one or more of the following steps:

(1) Automatically start and stop the blower according to the time program, with real-time time control function of any period;

(2) Install a carbon monoxide CO concentration sensor in the closed building to start and stop the supply and exhaust fans by monitoring the carbon monoxide CO concentration, and open the new damper accordingly to ensure air quality while effectively saving energy.

The energy management method of the refrigeration station monitoring system includes one or more of the following steps:

(1) Calculation of cooling load demand: According to the measured value of chilled water supply, return water temperature and water supply flow, calculate the actual cooling load required by the building air conditioner, and determine the number of chillers to be turned on to achieve the purpose of energy saving;

(2) Cooling water temperature detection: According to the cooling water supply and return water temperature, the number of start-up and stop fans of the cooling tower is automatically controlled.

The energy management method of the heat exchange monitoring system includes one or more of the following steps:

(1) Hot water supply temperature control: compare the hot water temperature setting value with the temperature value of the water supply pipe for PID calculation, control the opening of the electric steam valve, and maintain the hot water supply temperature;

(2) Monitoring and control of water pumps: Control the number of heat exchangers and water pumps running according to the actual hot water demand;

(3) According to the program arrangement, different heat exchangers and water pumps can be started each time, thereby increasing the life of the equipment.

The energy management method of the escalator monitoring system includes automatically controlling the start-stop or running speed of the escalator by monitoring whether there are people on the escalator.

The load control energy management method includes one or more of the following steps:

(1) Remote tripping: the master station issues a tripping or closing command, and the terminal executes tripping or closing immediately;

(2) Power control: When the user's power consumption exceeds the specified active power value, it will be automatically tripped and controlled according to the power setting value; power control includes power consumption control, time-power control, electricity cost control and power protection forms;

(3) Power control: When the real-time power of the user exceeds the specified power value, it will be automatically tripped and controlled according to the power setting value. Power control includes control by time period, factory shutdown control and emergency load control.

The energy management method of the lighting monitoring system includes one or more of the following steps:

(1) Automatically control the opening and closing of the lighting system according to the schedule;

(2) Control the time when the lights are turned on according to the time program;

(3) When the power consumption is too large, it will automatically cut off and display an alarm;

(4) The EPS battery of the emergency power supply is activated by remote control to prolong the service life of the battery;

(5) When the train passes or stays in the tunnel, the lighting system is automatically turned on to ensure the safety of staff and passengers; when the train leaves the tunnel, the lighting system is automatically turned off to save electricity.

The power dispatch automation system has the following functions:

(1) Real-time monitoring of power parameters such as the output line voltage, current, active power, reactive power, power factor, electric degree, and switch opening/closing status of the electromechanical equipment in the station room and the switches of the substation, and will monitor the data Upload to the management center for signal display, storage, and network release;

(2) On the monitoring computer of the power supply management department, remote adjustment signals such as switch alarm or action setting parameter value can be modified online;

(3) Signals such as switch and circuit breaker position, knife switch position, and various protection actions of field equipment can be collected regularly, and events can be recorded sequentially;

(4) The opening and closing of the switch can be remotely controlled at the power supply management department or the monitoring station of the substation;

(5) Remote video monitoring can be carried out on the environment and equipment of station buildings and substations along the railway line, and video image embedded display, illegal entry of personnel, fire and other alarm video linkage display and digital hard disk recording of images can be performed on the monitoring host computer Inquire;

(6) When abnormal events such as super tripping and power supply failure occur, the system monitoring host can issue a sound alarm, and at the same time display the alarm type, alarm status, alarm time, etc. in the alarm information window;

(7) The system can store fault records, accident records and other signals for engineers to analyze technically and locate power supply accidents;

(8) The system assesses and manages the division of power consumption by the team;

(9) UPS, EPS, backup power supply, etc. are also included in the scope of monitoring. The monitoring content includes power supply working status, inverter status, charging status, battery status and fault information, etc.

Claims (9)

1. A railway electric power dispatching automation system is characterized in that: it comprises information management MIS layer, main control layer, middle control layer and field layer; The information management MIS layer includes the circuit dispatching management information system and the meter reading billing management system. The circuit dispatching management information system, the meter reading billing management system and the monitoring master station are connected to each other. Command, meter reading and billing management system is responsible for remote automatic meter reading, and statistics, calculation and analysis of electricity consumption data; The main control layer includes the monitoring master station and the electronic duty system. The monitoring master station is connected with the electronic duty system and the monitoring station. The monitoring master station is responsible for centralized management and control of each monitoring station. The electronic duty system performs duty management according to the preset abnormal fault alarm table ; The central control layer includes the control station and the local monitoring station. The local monitoring station is connected to one or more control stations. The control station is connected to the on-site actuator. The control station is responsible for exchanging information with the on-site actuator. The local monitoring station provides human-computer interaction management. It is convenient for duty personnel and patrol personnel to perform monitoring and control tasks locally, and provide interactive services for maintenance personnel; The on-site layer includes on-site actuators and on-site devices. The on-site actuators collect the information of the on-site devices and execute the control commands sent by the control station; The meter reading billing management system includes a remote automatic meter reading system, a load statistics and analysis system, a load management system and a database server; The remote automatic meter reading mainly refers to the telemetry meter reading of the smart meter. The remote automatic meter reading system sends a data collection command to the monitoring master station, and the monitoring master station forwards the command to the control station, and the control station controls the on-site actuator to collect data. Feedback the data to the remote automatic meter reading system, and the remote automatic meter reading system sends the data to the database server for storage; The load statistics and analysis system shown in the figure calls the historical data of the database server or the real-time data collected by the control station according to the set calculation rules, automatically completes the statistics and analysis of the data, automatically generates curves and charts, counts the power consumption patterns, and generates the entire monitoring system. The system's maximum load table, daily average load table, and time-segmented load table generate the maximum load table, daily average load table, and time-segmented load table of each monitoring device, and count the main power consumption sources, and according to the set electricity price, Automatically calculate electricity bills; The load control mainly refers to remote tripping and closing control of electric switches or smart meter switches, which includes three methods: remote tripping, power control and power control; The remote control tripping method is as follows: the master station issues a tripping or closing command, and the terminal immediately executes the tripping or closing; The power control method is as follows: when the user's power consumption exceeds the specified active power value, it will be automatically tripped and controlled according to the power setting value; the power control includes power consumption control, time-power control, electricity fee control and power protection form ; The power control method is as follows: when the real-time power consumed by the user exceeds the specified power value, it will be automatically tripped and controlled according to the power setting value. The power control includes control by time period, factory shutdown control and emergency pressure load control. 2. a kind of railway electric power dispatching automation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it also comprises communication network, and described communication network comprises optical fiber ring type self-healing industrial ethernet, Fieldbus and GSM wireless network; The optical fiber ring type self-healing industrial Ethernet is used to connect the monitoring master station and the control station; The field bus is used to connect the local monitoring station and one or more control stations connected to the local monitoring station, and the field bus is CAN bus, LonWorks bus or RS-485 bus; Described GSM wireless network comprises GSM/GPRS transceiver, and GSM/GPRS transceiver is arranged on meter reading and charging management system, monitoring master station and local monitoring station, makes meter reading and charging management system, monitoring master station by GSM wireless network It is wirelessly connected with the local monitoring station, and the GSM wireless network is also connected with the GSM mobile device. After the GSM mobile device passes the password verification, it can communicate with the monitoring master station or the meter reading and billing management system. 3. A kind of railway power dispatching automation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: said on-site actuators at least include smart meters, microcomputer protection devices, reactive power compensation controllers, remote control devices, telemetering devices and remote signaling device; The reactive power compensation capacitor controller is a monitoring device of a reactive power compensation device, which plays a role in improving the power factor of the power grid in the power dispatching automation system and reducing the loss of power supply transformers and transmission lines; The remote control device is a remote relay output module, which is used to accept computer instructions to perform remote operation or automatic control of the system; The remote signaling device is a switching value acquisition module, which is used to collect the switching value signal and convert it into a digital signal, and realize data exchange with the automation system through a communication connection; The telemetry device is an analog acquisition module, which is used to collect analog signals and convert them into digital signals by connecting voltage transformers, current transformers, and transmitters in the power dispatching automation system. For data exchange of automation systems, the analog signal at least includes current, voltage, power, temperature, humidity, pressure and flow. 4. A kind of railway electric power dispatching automation system according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described microcomputer protection device comprises power quality monitoring device, power parameter measuring instrument and multi-loop monitoring unit; The power quality monitoring device is responsible for overcurrent, overload, temperature protection and monitoring of incoming line switches and transformers in the power dispatching automation system; The power parameter measuring instrument is responsible for the monitoring and control of the transformer low-voltage side switch in the power dispatching automation system; The multi-loop monitoring unit is responsible for the state monitoring machine control of the fire-fighting power supply and the non-fire-fighting power supply contact switch in the power dispatching automation system. 5. A kind of railway electric power dispatching automation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described control station comprises remote monitoring device, and described remote monitoring device comprises cabinet, communication unit, remote measurement and control terminal RTU, terminal block 1. The switching power supply and the pigtail box, the communication unit is connected to the pigtail box, the communication unit is connected to the remote measurement and control terminal RTU, the switching power supply is connected to the remote measurement and control terminal RTU, and the interface terminals are correspondingly connected to the terminals on the remote measurement and control terminal RTU; The communication unit is an optical transceiver with self-healing function; The connecting terminals include remote signaling terminals, remote control terminals, voltage terminals, current terminals, DC terminals and communication terminals; It also includes relays, air switches and arresters; The communication unit, remote measurement and control terminal RTU, wiring terminals, switching power supply, pigtail box, relay, air switch and lightning arrester are installed by screws on the bottom plate or by standard DIN rails. 6. A kind of railway power dispatching automation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electronic duty system performs duty management according to the preset abnormal fault alarm table, and when the system fault alarms, the electronic duty system automatically Remotely notify the on-duty personnel or related personnel through telephone dialing, GPRS or SMS. 7. A kind of railway power dispatching automation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: said field equipment at least includes air conditioning system equipment, fresh air system equipment, air supply and exhaust system equipment, refrigeration station system equipment, heat exchange equipment and water supply and drainage system equipment. 8. A kind of railway power dispatching automation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes a linkage interface of the fire alarm system FAS, when a fire occurs, the fire alarm system FAS indicates through the linkage interface of the fire alarm system FAS The integrated automation system of the substation enters the disaster prevention mode, the microcomputer protection device and the automatic monitoring device control the contact switch to connect the field equipment with the fire-fighting power supply, and disconnect the field equipment from the non-fire-fighting power supply. 9. A kind of railway electric power dispatching automation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it also comprises firewall, and described firewall is arranged between monitoring layer and information management MIS layer, and protection monitoring main station and circuit dispatching management Secure communication between the information system and the meter reading and billing management system to protect the monitoring master station from being accessed by illegal users; It also includes a printer. The printer includes a dot matrix printer and an inkjet printer. The printer is responsible for printing statistical reports and alarm information. The printing methods include event printing, regular printing and call printing; It also includes a video monitor, the video monitor captures on-site device operation images, and the video monitor is connected with the control station.