CN104405366A - Device and method for testing mechanical integrity of high-temperature high-pressure well cementation cement sheath - Google Patents
Device and method for testing mechanical integrity of high-temperature high-pressure well cementation cement sheath Download PDFInfo
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- CN104405366A CN104405366A CN201410572060.0A CN201410572060A CN104405366A CN 104405366 A CN104405366 A CN 104405366A CN 201410572060 A CN201410572060 A CN 201410572060A CN 104405366 A CN104405366 A CN 104405366A
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- cement sheath
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/005—Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the mechanical integrity of a high-temperature high-pressure well cementation cement sheath. The device comprises a cement sheath maintenance mould and a test working platform. The method comprises the following steps of (1) arranging an internal pressure casing into a hollow column formed by connecting left and right moulds, filling cement paste, and sealing upper and lower ends of the hollow column; (2) maintaining the cement sheath maintenance mould, taking the cement sheath and the internal pressure casing out, and putting the cement sheath and the internal pressure casing on the test working platform; (3) injecting water into an annular space of an annular pressure sleeve and a pressure bearing cylinder through an annular pressure inlet, injecting water into the casing through an internal pressure inlet, controlling the temperature at the target temperature, adjusting the annular pressure and the internal pressure to target pressure, recording the change of reading of a rotor flow meter, and showing that the mechanical integrity of the cement sheath is damaged at a time point that flow is obviously increased; (4) taking the cement sheath out, observing and detecting. The device and the method are suitable for simulating the damage and degradation of the cement sheath under different string structures in the later production process of an oil-gas well.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Oil-Gas Well Engineering well cementation field cement sheath mechanical integrity testing arrangement and method, particularly relate under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, can simulate cement sheath and suffer stratum, sleeve pipe complicated machinery load and thermal stress dual-impingement, and dynamic tests the device and method of its mechanical integrity.
Technical background
After oil gas well cementing operation refers to that drillng operation reaches certain well depth, enter sleeve pipe down in the wellbore, cement paste sprue bushing outer ring space is come precalculated position, makes it condense rapidly in the given time, harden, form high-quality, complete, the process with the cement sheath of good Inter-zonal packing ability.The formation of cement sheath, mainly in order to hang and protective casing, reduce and delaying the effect of stratum to sleeve pipe, extends the service life of sleeve pipe, and it and sleeve pipe play the effect of Inter-zonal packing jointly.
But cement sheath is very severe at the working environment of down-hole.As: sleeve pipe expands under high temperature and high pressure environment, easily causes cement sheath radial crack; Casing pressure test, extensive enhanced recovery measure, as the later stage operations such as perforation, acidifying, pressure break all can bring serious stress impact to cement sheath, when cement sheath can not bear enforceable impact, cement sheath will likely can destroy; Gas storage well is dual-purpose well, city place with gas requirement dull season time be used for gas injection, being used for gas production with when gas busy season and peak, in gas storage well running, the alternating stresses effect that produces and variations in temperature when cement sheath will bear note and adopt.Improving cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity refers in the whole use life cycle of Oil/gas Well, and it, under load effect that is complicated, severe, that continue and Thermal Stress, ensures the ability of its interlayer sealing.
Therefore, it is necessary and significant for carrying out cement sheath mechanical integrity testing research.But the mechanical property research about Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste concentrates on detection and the analysis of uniaxial compressive strength, and main engineering objective is it can be used as to investigate.In recent years, along with the noegenesis of anchorage person changes, about the mathematical model of cement sheath mechanical integrity and evaluating apparatus research of common occurrence.Schlumberger cement sheath Integrity Assessment software (CemSTRESS), Dao Daer cement sheath Integrity Assessment software (SealWell), Halliburton's cement sheath Integrity Assessment software (
analysis-Software Design Tool), 3 sections of Integrity Assessment softwares, by input mechanical property parameters, just can reproduce the duty of cement sheath under the different operating mode in down-hole well, evaluate the interlayer sealing performance of cement sheath.Domestic, CNOOC Research Institute and Changjiang University's research cooperation, have developed a set of cement sheath performance simulation experimental facilities, this device is simplifying pressure, temperature to the effect of cement sheath, primary study cement plane shearing force, adopts full-scale, can simulate well cementation dynamic change more truly.Xi'an Petroleum University's Yang Zhejie etc. have developed cementing concrete ring integrality Simulation evaluation test instrument, can measure that Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste under different condition is anti-alters Strength Changes, evaluates toughness and the sealing reliability of cement sheath with this.In addition, for Simulated Water mudstone is at down-hole triaxial stress state, the normal three axle rock stress test macros adopting GCTS company of the U.S., the stress-strain change curve under the effect of test water mudstone three axle.
These research methods and means all try hard to simulate the real stress of cement sheath under underground working, but also there is a large amount of drawbacks.Software simulation data calculate on a large amount of simplification bases and obtain, the reliability of data must be tested by Equivalent Physical and be verified, the mensuration of various cement sheath integrality simulator in fact just to " stone ", and unrealized " ring " structure, but the stress that both different structure brings has very large difference, more crucially, based on the restriction of experimental facilities and condition, little consideration cement sheath in high temperature, high pressure and the stress impact of both change to cement sheath, also and the unrealized quantization assessment to cement sheath mechanical integrity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of HTHP cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity testing arrangement, this device is based on cement sheath actual working environment, can impact to cement sheath under simulated formation temperature, pressure and the fluctuation of bushing temperature pressure dual more truly, temperature upper limit 300 DEG C, ring pressure (strata pressure) upper limit 70MPa, interior pressure (casing pressure) upper limit 100MPa, overcomes the deficiency of current cementing concrete ring integrality research.
Another object of the present invention is also to provide the method utilizing said apparatus to carry out the test of HTHP cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity, the method is applicable to cement sheath in Oil/gas Well later stage manufacturing process, under simulating different tubular column structure, cement sheath damages deterioration in high temperature and high pressure environment, by gases at high pressure through injured cement sheath, the method utilizing pressure meter " to test and alter " is evaluated and quantizes integrality, namely cement sheath is in process of the test, air pressure is added to cement sheath one end, evaluates its mechanical integrity by the gas differential pressure change measuring its two ends.
For reaching above technical purpose, the invention provides following technical scheme.
A kind of HTHP cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity testing arrangement, comprises cement sheath maintenance mould and test environment.
Described cement sheath maintenance mould is primarily of left and right mould and interior gland pipe composition.
It is circular, outside is square hollow cylinder that described left and right mould can form an inside, and interior gland pipe is positioned at hollow cylinder, and be full of cement paste in the annular space of interior gland pipe and hollow cylinder composition, its upper and lower side seals.
Described interior pressure casing steel is casing steel.Cement sheath maintenance mould is put into high temperature and pressure protective cauldron maintenance to requiring the length of time, the demoulding, cement sheath and interior gland pipe are together taken out, obtain " cement sheath-Nei gland pipe " assembly.
Described test environment comprises test subject and support, test subject is positioned on support, upper and lower two ends have upper plug head and lower end cap respectively, described test subject is primarily of interior gland pipe, cement sheath, ring gland, pressure-bearing cylinder, heating tape, ring press pump, high-pressure nitrogen bottle, interior press pump composition, described interior gland pipe outwards has cement sheath successively, ring gland, pressure-bearing cylinder, described pressure-bearing cylinder has heating tape, described interior gland pipe, cement sheath, ring gland has interior press-in mouth respectively, test and alter import, ring press-in mouth, and pass through lower end cap, press pump in connecting respectively, high-pressure nitrogen bottle, ring press pump, described interior press pump, high-pressure nitrogen bottle, ring press pump is all connected with pressure meter, described interior gland pipe, cement sheath, ring gland passes through upper plug head, there is interior extrusion mouth respectively, test mouth of scurrying out, ring extrudes mouth, described mouth of scurrying out of testing connects spinner flowmeter.
Described heating tape is made up of ring resistance silk heating element and muff, and be coated on pressure-bearing cylinder, can heat to complete equipment, temperature control system is controlled by digital display meter, and firing rate is fast, convenient disassembly.
Described pressure-bearing cylinder material is 304 stainless steel hollow cylinders.
Described cement sheath, interior gland pipe take out " cement sheath-Nei gland pipe " assembly from cement sheath maintenance mould.
Described ring gland is fluorubber cover or thin metallic sheath.Its objective is simulated formation effect, jointly form " stratum-cement sheath-sleeve pipe " assembly with cement sheath, interior gland pipe.
Described upper plug head, lower end cap material are 304 stainless steels, size and pressure-bearing cylinder supporting, object is the test macro of closed " stratum-cement sheath-sleeve pipe " assembly.
Described ring press pump, interior press pump are compression system, can Artificial Control, also can control by computer.
Described support is for being the stainless square steel steelframe of four foot of ladder bodies, and object supports and fixing whole equipment.
This device also has the remittance of ring pressure pipe, the remittance of interior pressure pipe, pressure release manifold, tests and alter manifold, is the stainless steel pipeline of energy pressure-bearing 100MPa.
This device also has connecting elements and seal, and connecting elements is screw thread, nut, pressure ring; Seal is pad and O type circle, and material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Utilize said apparatus to carry out the method for HTHP cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity test, comprise the following steps successively:
(1) be placed in by interior gland pipe in hollow cylinder that left and right mould connects to form, be full of cement paste by the annular space of interior gland pipe and hollow cylinder composition, its upper and lower side seals, and obtains cement sheath maintenance mould;
(2) cement sheath maintenance mould being put into high temperature and pressure protective cauldron maintenance to requiring the length of time, the demoulding, cement sheath and interior gland pipe together being taken out, is placed in the test subject of test environment;
(3) in the annular space of ring gland and pressure-bearing cylinder, water is injected from ring press-in mouth with ring press pump, in sleeve pipe, water is injected from interior press-in mouth with interior press pump, heating tape is utilized to heat, increase with temperature, ring pressure and interior pressure all increase, control temperature is at target temperature, goal pressure is depressed into by ring press pump adjustment ring, in utilizing, press pump is depressed into goal pressure in controlling, certain time, the reading that period records spinner flowmeter changes, and occurs the time point obviously increased, illustrate that cement sheath mechanical integrity wrecks at flow;
(4) take out cement sheath, observe whether have crackle and crackle form, and make microcosmic detection.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) HTHP of real meaning is realized.Superlatively stressor layer 70MPa can be simulated, the highest interior pressure 100MPa, the stress of cement sheath during maximum temperature 300 DEG C.Ring pressure, interior pressure, the equal alterable of temperature, true reappearance Oil/gas Well from drilling well, exploit, scrap pressure testing whole process, pilot production, pressure break even circulate note to adopt etc. actual condition to cement sheath separately or the simulation of combined stress effect, processing range contains whole well history.
(2) realization of " ring " structure.Utilize cement sheath maintenance moulding form in advance, achieve cement sheath structure, change cement " stone " structure adopted in conventionally test, reflect its stress more truly, the resistance to stress damage failure mechanism of cement sheath can be explored.
(3) realization of detection means " is tested and alters ".The object of cement sheath is interlayer sealing, utilizes spinner flowmeter to measure the pressure differential at cement sheath two ends, can realize the interlayer sealing ability of quantitative analysis cement sheath.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the test environment structural representation of HTHP cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity testing arrangement.
In figure: extrude mouth 3-in 1-upper plug head 2-and test mouthful 4-ring of scurrying out and extrude gland pipe 6-cement sheath 7-ring gland 8-pressure-bearing cylinder 9-heating tape 10-lower end cap 11-ring press-in mouth 12-in mouth 5-and test and to alter in import 13-press pump 18-pressure meter one 19-pressure meter two 20-pressure meter three 21-spinner flowmeter in press-in mouth 14-support 15-ring press pump 16-high-pressure nitrogen bottle 17-.
Detailed description of the invention:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Referring to Fig. 1.
A kind of HTHP cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity testing arrangement, comprises cement sheath maintenance mould and test environment.
Described cement sheath maintenance mould is made up of left and right mould and interior gland pipe, it be circular, outside is square hollow cylinder that described left and right mould forms an inside, interior gland pipe is positioned at hollow cylinder, be full of cement paste in the annular space of interior gland pipe and hollow cylinder composition, its upper and lower side seals.
Described test environment comprises test subject and support, test subject is positioned on support 14, upper and lower two ends have upper plug head 1 and lower end cap 10 respectively, described test subject is primarily of interior gland pipe 5, cement sheath 6, ring gland 7, pressure-bearing cylinder 8, heating tape 9, ring press pump 15, high-pressure nitrogen bottle 16, interior press pump 17 forms, described interior gland pipe 5 outwards has cement sheath 6 successively, ring gland 7, pressure-bearing cylinder 8, described pressure-bearing cylinder has heating tape 9, described interior gland pipe, cement sheath, ring gland has interior press-in mouth 13 respectively, test and alter import 12, ring press-in mouth 11, and press pump 17 in being connected respectively by lower end cap 10, high-pressure nitrogen bottle 16, ring press pump 15, described interior press pump, high-pressure nitrogen bottle, ring press pump is connected with pressure meter 3 20 respectively, pressure meter 2 19, pressure meter 1, described interior gland pipe, cement sheath, ring gland is by upper plug head 1, there is interior extrusion mouth 2 respectively, test mouth 3 of scurrying out, ring extrudes mouth 4, described mouth 3 of scurrying out of testing connects spinner flowmeter 21.
(1) casing pressure test, pilot production, pressure break are tested the mechanical integrity of cement sheath under the single conditioning of cement sheath:
Cement sheath mechanical integrity test under casing pressure test, pilot production, the single conditioning of pressure break, experiment condition is independent event, and choose pressure break condition and test, the test under other conditions in like manner.
Suppose corresponding well section formation condition (temperature 110 DEG C, pressure 65MPa), pressure break condition (temperature 150 DEG C, pressure 100MPa), string size=equipment size, 28d pressure break after well cementation.Enchashment field mortar architecture, with slurry by API specification, pour Fig. 1 cement sheath maintenance mould into, insert high temperature and pressure protective cauldron maintenance 28d, take out " cement sheath-sleeve pipe " assembly, insert HTHP cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity test environment, ring gland 7 is fluorubber cover.Test and alter import 12 and be connected into nitrogen, ventilation 5MPa, test mouth 3 of scurrying out and be connected into spinner flowmeter 21 and monitor changes in flow rate; Inject water from ring press-in mouth 11, suppress 5MPa with pump, from interior press-in mouth 13 to water filling in sleeve pipe, suppress 5MPa with pump, utilize heating tape 9 to heat, increase with temperature, pressure increases, and by temperature controller control temperature constant temperature 110 DEG C, adjusts strata pressure to 65MPa by ring press pump 15; In utilizing, press pump 17 controls the interior pressure of cover to 100MPa, continues 3h.Period, the reading of record spinner flowmeter 21 changed, and occur the time point obviously increased at flow, illustrate that cement sheath mechanical integrity destroys in various degree, after experiment terminates, taking-up cement sheath, observes whether have crackle and crackle form, and make microcosmic detection.
(2) under the effect of stress adopted cement sheath is noted in gas storage circulation, mechanical integrity is tested:
Suppose corresponding well section formation condition (temperature 70 C, pressure 50MPa), gas injection 60MPa after well cementation 14d, temperature 70 C, gas production 40MPa after half a year, temperature 70 C, circulates 30 years, string size=equipment size.Pour cement sheath maintenance mould into, insert high temperature and pressure protective cauldron maintenance 14d, take out " cement sheath-sleeve pipe " assembly, insert HTHP cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity test environment, ring gland 7 is fluorubber cover.Test and alter import 12 and be connected into nitrogen, ventilation 5MPa, test mouth 3 of scurrying out and be connected into spinner flowmeter monitoring changes in flow rate; Inject water from ring press-in mouth 11 to kettle, suppress 5MPa with pump, from interior press-in mouth 13 to water filling in sleeve pipe, suppress 5MPa with pump, utilize heating tape 9 to heat, increase with temperature, pressure increases, and by temperature controller control temperature constant temperature 70 DEG C, adjusts strata pressure to 60MPa by ring press pump 15; In utilizing, press pump 17 controls the interior pressure of cover to 60MPa, continues 3h, is depressed into 0 in release, simulation gas injection process; After 3h, in utilizing, pressure in cover is risen to 40MPa by press pump, continues 3h, is depressed into 0 in release, simulation gas production; Gas injection, gas recovery circulate 30 times.Whole process, laboratory apparatus is not shut down, and continues experiment; the reading that period records spinner flowmeter changes, and occurs the time point obviously increased, illustrate that cement sheath mechanical integrity destroys in various degree at flow; after experiment terminates, take out cement sheath, observe whether have crackle and crackle form.
The above is only several embodiment of the present invention; it is noted that person skilled under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications all belong within the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a HTHP cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity testing arrangement, comprise cement sheath maintenance mould and test environment, it is characterized in that, described cement sheath maintenance mould is made up of left and right mould and interior gland pipe, it be circular, outside is square hollow cylinder that described left and right mould forms an inside, interior gland pipe is positioned at hollow cylinder, and be full of cement paste in the annular space of interior gland pipe and hollow cylinder composition, its upper and lower side seals, described test environment comprises test subject and support, test subject is positioned on support (14), upper and lower two ends have upper plug head (1) and lower end cap (10) respectively, and described test subject is primarily of interior gland pipe (5), cement sheath (6), ring gland (7), pressure-bearing cylinder (8), heating tape (9), ring press pump (15), high-pressure nitrogen bottle (16), interior press pump (17) forms, and described interior gland pipe (5) outwards has cement sheath (6) successively, ring gland (7), pressure-bearing cylinder (8), described pressure-bearing cylinder has heating tape (9), described interior gland pipe, cement sheath, ring gland has interior press-in mouth (13) respectively, test and alter import (12), ring press-in mouth (11), and press pump (17) in being connected respectively by lower end cap (10), high-pressure nitrogen bottle (16), ring press pump (15), described interior gland pipe, cement sheath, ring gland, by upper plug head (1), has interior extrusion mouth (2) respectively, test mouth of scurrying out (3), ring extrude mouth (4), described in test mouth of scurrying out (3) connect spinner flowmeter (21).
2. utilize the device described in claim 1 to carry out the method for HTHP cementing concrete ring mechanical integrity test, comprise the following steps successively:
(1) be placed in by interior gland pipe in hollow cylinder that left and right mould connects to form, be full of cement paste by the annular space of interior gland pipe and hollow cylinder composition, its upper and lower side seals, and obtains cement sheath maintenance mould;
(2) cement sheath maintenance mould being put into high temperature and pressure protective cauldron maintenance to requiring the length of time, the demoulding, cement sheath and interior gland pipe together being taken out, is placed in the test subject of test environment;
(3) in the annular space of ring gland and pressure-bearing cylinder, water is injected from ring press-in mouth with ring press pump, in sleeve pipe, water is injected from interior press-in mouth with interior press pump, heating tape is utilized to heat, increase with temperature, ring pressure and interior pressure all increase, control temperature is at target temperature, goal pressure is depressed into by ring press pump adjustment ring, in utilizing, press pump is depressed into goal pressure in controlling, certain time, the reading that period records spinner flowmeter changes, and occurs the time point obviously increased, illustrate that cement sheath mechanical integrity wrecks at flow;
(4) take out cement sheath, observe whether have crackle and crackle form, and make microcosmic detection.
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