CN104405333B - 内管法固井工艺 - Google Patents
内管法固井工艺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104405333B CN104405333B CN201410599935.6A CN201410599935A CN104405333B CN 104405333 B CN104405333 B CN 104405333B CN 201410599935 A CN201410599935 A CN 201410599935A CN 104405333 B CN104405333 B CN 104405333B
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- cement
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound 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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
Abstract
本发明涉及一种内管法固井工艺，属于石油、矿山钻探工程完井固井技术领域；为消除现有技术中内管易被水泥固住的风险，降低内管法固井工艺的固井成本，提供一种固内管法固井工艺，采用上缓凝水泥浆封固1/2井深以上的井壁与套管之间的环形空间，采用促凝水泥浆封固1/2井深以下至井底之上20m~50m以上范围内的井壁与套管之间的环形空间，采用下缓凝水泥浆封固井底之上20m~50m范围内的井壁与套管之间的环形空间；本发明可有效消除内管下端被固住的风险，使固井成本得到明显降低，适用于各类大直径套管的内管法固井，能够有效提高内管法固井的成功率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内管法固井工艺，属于石油、矿山钻探工程完井固井技术领域。
背景技术
在石油、矿山的钻井工程中，完井固井技术是将钻完的裸眼井中下入套管，然后在套管和井眼之间的环形空间注入水泥，封固易漏失、易垮塌的疏松地层，为继续钻进或开发资源提供条件。目前大口径套管固井通常采用内管法固井工艺，该工艺分井底插入座封和井口坐封两种方法，这两种方法都需要在套管内下入内管，并需在套管柱底部安装浮箍浮鞋，然后由内管向套管及井眼之间的环形空间注入单凝水泥浆，一旦座封失效或浮箍浮鞋失灵，水泥浆会倒流入套管内，极易造成内管下端被水泥固住，严重时可导致井眼报废；此外大尺寸浮箍浮鞋费用较高，增加了固井成本。因此，目前的内管法固井工艺不能充分满足大尺寸套管固井工程的需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了消除现有技术中内管下端易被水泥固住的风险，降低应用内管法固井工艺的固井成本，提供一种内管法固井工艺。
本发明的技术方案是：提供一种内管法固井工艺，采用上缓凝水泥浆封固1/2井深以上的井壁与套管之间的环形空间，采用促凝水泥浆封固1/2井深以下至井底之上20m~50m以上范围内的井壁与套管之间的环形空间，采用下缓凝水泥浆封固井底之上20m~50m范围内的井壁与套管之间的环形空间。
所述内管固井工艺具体步骤包括：
1.固井设计
1.1 确定施工参数：根据井身数据确定上缓凝水泥浆、促凝水泥浆和下缓凝水泥浆的配浆量；根据井况设计确定固井施工排量、水泥浆密度；根据水泥浆配浆量和固井施工排量确定固井施工时间t；
1.2 确定水泥浆配方：分别确定上缓凝水泥浆、促凝水泥浆、下缓凝水泥浆的组份，通过调整水泥浆组份比例调整水泥石胶结强度、水泥浆密度及水泥浆稠化时间，使得促凝水泥浆凝固后形成的环形水泥塞强度能够承受位于其上部的上缓凝水泥浆产生的液柱压力，使得上缓凝水泥浆、促凝水泥浆、下缓凝水泥浆的稠化时间同时满足条件：t7>t8+T8，t8>t，t9>t8+T8+t0；式中：t7是上缓凝水泥浆的稠化时间，单位：min；t8是促凝水泥浆的稠化时间，单位：min；t是固井施工时间，单位：min；t9是下缓凝水泥浆的稠化时间，单位：min；T8是促凝水泥浆从稠化到凝固所需时间，单位：min；t0是拆卸井口及取出内管所需时间，单位min；
2.固井准备
2.1准备配浆材料：根据上缓凝水泥浆、促凝水泥浆、下缓凝水泥浆的配方及配浆量准备所需的配浆材料，包括促凝剂、缓凝剂、水泥和水；
2.2固井施工准备：在套管内下放内管至设计深度；在套管上端与内管之间焊接环形盲板，在环形盲板上设置压力表和注液管，注液管上设置阀门；在内管上端焊接内管盲板，在内管上部设置旁通管，在旁通管上设置阀门；
3.固井施工
3.1打开内管上部旁通管上的阀门，通过旁通管注入设计量的前置液后，再将按配方调配好的上缓凝水泥浆、促凝水泥浆、下缓凝水泥浆依次由旁通管经由内管注入到套管与井壁之间的环形空间，然后再由旁通管注入设计量的替浆液，替出内管中的水泥浆；最终使上缓凝水泥浆在套管外位于1/2井深以上，使促凝水泥浆在套管外位于1/2井深以下至井底之上20m~50m以上范围内，使下缓凝水泥浆在套管外位于井底之上20m~50m以下的范围内以及井底；
3.2关闭内管上部旁通管上的阀门，打开套管上端注液管上的阀门，通过注液管向套管与内管之间的环空注入设计量的清水，使得下缓凝水泥浆在套管内的液面低于内管下端面，然后关闭注液管上的阀门；
3.3等待促凝水泥浆凝固后，打开井口提出内管，候凝上缓凝水泥浆及下缓凝水泥浆，至此完成固井作业。
所述上缓凝水泥浆和下缓凝水泥浆的组份均包括缓凝剂、水泥和水；所述促凝水泥浆的组份包括促凝剂、水泥和水；所述上缓凝水泥浆、促凝水泥浆、下缓凝水泥浆的密度均大于1.75g/cm3；所述促凝水泥浆凝固后形成的环形水泥塞强度能够承受位于其上部的上缓凝水泥浆的液柱压力。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的内管法固井工艺具有以下优点：一是由于使用了三级凝固的水泥浆，由早期凝固的促凝水泥浆形成的环形水泥塞承受上缓凝水泥浆液柱压力，阻止水泥浆倒流入套管内后上返，为打开井口并提出内管提供必要的条件；在下缓凝水泥浆尚未凝固时顺利提出内管，可有效消除内管被固住的风险。二是由于不需要使用价格较高的套管浮箍浮鞋，所以固井成本得到明显降低。本发明适用于各类大直径套管的内管法固井，能够有效提高内管法固井的成功率。
附图说明
图1是内管法固井工艺原理图。
图中：1-注液管，2-压力表，3-环形盲板，4-井壁，5-套管，6-内管，7-上缓凝水泥浆，8-促凝水泥浆，9-下缓凝水泥浆，10-旁通管，11-内管盲板。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明做进一步说明：
参照附图1，淮南煤矿某口井表层固井采用本发明提供的内管法固井工艺，该井井深1220m，套管尺寸Φ339.7mm，井眼内径Φ444.5mm，具体固井技术方案如图1所示：采用上缓凝水泥浆7封固0~610m井深范围内的井壁4与套管5之间的环形空间，采用促凝水泥浆8封固610~1200m井深范围内的井壁4与套管5之间的环形空间，采用下缓凝水泥浆9封固井1200~1220m井深范围内的井壁4与套管5之间的环形空间；其具体步骤如下：
1.固井设计
1.1确定施工参数：根据井身数据分别计算确定上缓凝水泥浆7、促凝水泥浆8和下缓凝水泥浆9的配浆量，分别为92.7m3、89.7m3、3.5m3；根据井况设计确定固井施工排量为2.2m3/min、水泥浆密度为1.85g/cm3；根据水泥浆配浆量和固井施工排量确定固井施工时间为t=89min；根据内管下入及井口安装实际操作情况确定拆卸井口及取出内管所需时间为t0=150min；
1.2确定水泥浆配方：分别确定上缓凝水泥浆7、促凝水泥浆8、下缓凝水泥浆9的组份为：
上缓凝水泥浆7：华银G级水泥+缓凝剂M61L+水
促凝水泥浆8： 华银G级水泥+促凝剂CaCl2+水
下缓凝水泥浆9：华银G级水泥+缓凝剂M61L+水
通过调整水泥浆组份比例调整水泥浆稠化时间、水泥石胶结强度及水泥浆密度，最终确定如下配方：
上缓凝水泥浆7：华银G级水泥+0.1%缓凝剂M61L+49%水
促凝水泥浆8： 华银G级水泥+3%促凝剂CaCl2+48%水
下缓凝水泥浆9：华银G级水泥+0.2%缓凝剂M61L+49%水
上述配方可使促凝水泥浆8凝固后形成的环形水泥塞胶结强度为47.7MPa，由其可承受位于其上部的上缓凝水泥浆7产生的11.2MPa的液柱压力；并使得上缓凝水泥浆7、促凝水泥浆8、下缓凝水泥浆9的稠化时间分别为：t7=326min，t8=121min，t9=362min，促凝水泥浆8凝固时间为T8=65min，由此可同时满足条件：t7>t8+T8，t8>t，t9>t8+T8+t0；式中：t7是上缓凝水泥浆7的稠化时间，单位：min；t8是促凝水泥浆8的稠化时间，单位：min；t是固井施工时间，单位：min；t9是下缓凝水泥浆9的稠化时间，单位：min；T8是促凝水泥浆8从稠化到凝固所需时间，单位：min；t0是拆卸井口及取出内管所需时间，单位min；
2.固井准备
2.1准备配浆材料：根据上缓凝水泥浆7、促凝水泥浆8、下缓凝水泥浆9的配方及配浆量准备所需的配浆材料，其中包括：华银G级水泥，488t，缓凝剂M61L，260Kg，促凝剂CaCl2，7320Kg；
2.2固井施工准备：在套管5内下放内管6至设计深度；在套管5上端与内管6之间焊接环形盲板3，在环形盲板3上设置压力表2和注液管1，在注液管1上设置阀门；在内管6上端焊接内管盲板11，在内管6上部设置旁通管10，在旁通管10上设置阀门；
3.固井施工
3.1打开内管6上部旁通管10上的阀门，通过旁通管10注入设计量的前置液后，再将按配方调配好的92.7m3的上缓凝水泥浆7、89.7m3的促凝水泥浆8和3.5m3的下缓凝水泥浆9依次由旁通管10经由内管6注入到套管5与井壁4之间的环形空间，然后再由旁通管10注入设计量的替浆液，替出内管6中的水泥浆；最终使得上缓凝水泥浆7在套管5外位于0~610m井深范围内，使得促凝水泥浆8在套管5外位于610~1200m井深范围内，使得下缓凝水泥浆9在套管5外位于1200~1220m井深范围内以及井底；
3.2关闭内管6上部旁通管10上的阀门，打开套管5上端注液管1上的阀门，通过注液管1向套管5与内管6之间的环空注入设计量的清水，使得下缓凝水泥浆9在套管5内的液面低于内管6下端面，然后关闭注液管1上的阀门；
3.3等待65min，确定促凝水泥浆8凝固后，打开井口提出内管6，候凝上缓凝水泥浆7及下缓凝水泥浆9，至此完成固井作业。
所述上缓凝水泥浆7和下缓凝水泥浆9的组份均包括缓凝剂M61L、华银G级水泥和水；所述促凝水泥浆8的组份包括促凝剂CaCl2、华银G级水泥和水；所述上缓凝水泥浆7、促凝水泥浆8、下缓凝水泥浆9的密度均大于1.75g/cm3；所述促凝水泥浆8凝固后形成强度为47.7MPa的环形水泥塞，由其可承受位于其上部的上缓凝水泥浆7产生的11.2MPa的液柱压力。
由于促凝水泥浆8的稠化时间t8=121min大于固井施工时间t=89min，所以能够确保固井施工顺利完成；由于上缓凝水泥浆7的稠化时间t7=326min大于促凝水泥浆8的稠化时间t8与凝固时间T8之和，即t8+T8=121min+65min=186min，所以促凝水泥浆8能够在上缓凝水泥浆7稠化之前凝固并形成一定强度，由于促凝水泥浆8凝固后形成的水泥塞强度为47.7MPa，足以承受其上部的上缓凝水泥浆7产生的11.2MPa的液柱压力，所以打开井口后水泥浆不会倒流入套管5内，因此该固井工艺无需在套管5底部安装浮箍浮鞋来防止水泥浆倒流；由此即可节约完井成本，又可为顺利取出内管6提供必要的条件。
又由于下缓凝水泥浆9的稠化时间t9=362min大于促凝水泥浆8的稠化时间t8=121min与凝固时间T8=65min及拆卸井口取出内管时间t0=150min之和，即362min>121min+65min+150min=336min，所以当进行拆卸井口并取出内管6作业时，下缓凝水泥浆9尚未稠化，因此不会将内管6下端固在井底，由此可避免固井质量事故的发生，进而提高内管法固井的成功率。
通过在淮南煤矿数口井完井固井中采用本发明的内管法固井工艺，消除了内管被固在井底的风险，内管法固井成功率达到100%；由于无需使用费用较高的大尺寸浮箍浮鞋，完井成本得到进一步降低。
Claims (4)
1.一种内管法固井工艺，包括：固井设计、固井准备和固井施工，其特征在于：采用上缓凝水泥浆（7）封固1/2井深以上范围内的井壁（4）与套管（5）之间的环形空间，采用促凝水泥浆（8）封固1/2井深以下至井底之上20m~50m范围内的井壁（4）与套管（5）之间的环形空间，采用下缓凝水泥浆（9）封固自井底起至20m~50m范围内的井壁（4）与套管（5）之间的环形空间和井底，其具体步骤包括：（1）.固井设计：
①确定施工参数：根据井身数据确定上缓凝水泥浆（7）、促凝水泥浆（8）和下缓凝水泥浆（9）的配浆量；根据井况设计确定固井施工排量、水泥浆密度；根据水泥浆配浆量和固井施工排量确定固井施工时间t；
②确定水泥浆配方：分别确定上缓凝水泥浆（7）、促凝水泥浆（8）、下缓凝水泥浆（9）的组份，通过调整水泥浆组份比例调整水泥石胶结强度、水泥浆密度及水泥浆稠化时间，使得促凝水泥浆（8）凝固后形成的环形水泥塞强度能够承受位于其上部的上缓凝水泥浆（7）产生的液柱压力，使得上缓凝水泥浆（7）、促凝水泥浆（8）、下缓凝水泥浆（9）的稠化时间同时满足条件：t7>t8+T8，t8>t，t9>t8+T8+t0，式中：t7是上缓凝水泥浆的稠化时间，单位：min；t8是促凝水泥浆的稠化时间，单位：min；t是固井施工时间，单位：min；t9是下缓凝水泥浆的稠化时间，单位：min；T8是促凝水泥浆从稠化到凝固所需时间，单位：min；t0是拆卸井口及取出内管所需时间，单位min；
（2）.固井准备
①准备配浆材料：根据上缓凝水泥浆（7）、促凝水泥浆（8）、下缓凝水泥浆（9）的配方及配浆量准备所需的配浆材料，包括促凝剂、缓凝剂、水泥和水；
②固井施工准备：在套管（5）内下放内管（6）至设计深度；在套管（5）上端与内管（6）之间焊接环形盲板（3），在环形盲板（3）上设置压力表（2）和注液管（1），在注液管（1）上设置阀门；在内管（6）上端焊接内管盲板（11），在内管（6）上部设置旁通管（10），在旁通管（10）上设置阀门；
（3）.固井施工
①打开内管（6）上部旁通管（10）上的阀门，通过旁通管（10）注入设计量的前置液后，再将按配方调配好的上缓凝水泥浆（7）、促凝水泥浆（8）、下缓凝水泥浆（9）依次由旁通管（10）经由内管（6）注入到套管（5）与井壁（4）之间的环形空间，然后再由旁通管（10）注入设计量的替浆液，替出内管（6）中的水泥浆；最终使上缓凝水泥浆（7）在套管（5）外位于1/2井深以上，使促凝水泥浆（8）在套管（5）外位于1/2井深以下至井底之上20m~50m范围内，使下缓凝水泥浆（9）在套管（5）外位于自井底起至20m~50m范围内以及井底；
②关闭内管（6）上部旁通管（10）上的阀门，打开套管（5）上端注液管（1）上的阀门，通过注液管（1）向套管（5）与内管（6）之间的环空注入设计量的清水，使得下缓凝水泥浆（9）在套管（5）内的液面低于内管（6）下端面，然后关闭注液管（1）上的阀门；
③等待促凝水泥浆（8）凝固后，打开井口提出内管（6），候凝上缓凝水泥浆（7）及下缓凝水泥浆（9），至此完成固井作业。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种内管法固井工艺，其特征在于：上缓凝水泥浆（7）和下缓凝水泥浆（9）的组份均包括缓凝剂、水泥和水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种内管法固井工艺，其特征在于：促凝水泥浆（8）的组份包括促凝剂、水泥和水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种内管法固井工艺，其特征在于：上缓凝水泥浆（7）、促凝水泥浆（8）、下缓凝水泥浆（9）的密度均大于1.75g/cm3。
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