CN104394719A - Methods of producing filters and filter rods comprising porous masses and articles relating thereto - Google Patents

Methods of producing filters and filter rods comprising porous masses and articles relating thereto Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104394719A
CN104394719A CN201380031708.7A CN201380031708A CN104394719A CN 104394719 A CN104394719 A CN 104394719A CN 201380031708 A CN201380031708 A CN 201380031708A CN 104394719 A CN104394719 A CN 104394719A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
porous mass
filter
millimeters
filter stick
particle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201380031708.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
R·罗伯逊
D·比斯曼斯
C·O·弗洛坦
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Cellulose acetate international limited liability company
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Celanese Acetate LLC
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Filing date
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Priority claimed from US201261678335P external-priority
Application filed by Celanese Acetate LLC filed Critical Celanese Acetate LLC
Publication of CN104394719A publication Critical patent/CN104394719A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0229—Filter rod forming processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
    • A24D3/066—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features in the form of foam or having cellular structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/17—Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices

Abstract

Porous masses that comprise a plurality of active particles and binder particles bound together at a plurality of contact points may be useful in filters, including articles (like smoking devices) and methods relating thereto. The production of such filters may involve the production of filter rods and involves forming a desired abutting configuration that comprises a plurality of sections, with the plurality of sections comprising at least one porous mass section and at least one other filter section; securing the desired abutting configuration so as to yield a segmented filter rod length; and cutting the segmented filter rod length into segmented filter rods, wherein the steps of forming, securing, and cutting are performed so as to produce the segmented filter rods at a rate of about 25 m/min or greater.

Description

Manufacture the method for filter and the filter stick comprising porous mass and relate to its goods
Background of invention
The application relates to the porous mass used in for the filter of smoking apparatus, and relates to its goods and method.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed the suggestion of some component reducing tobacco smoke.See: WHO technical report series number 951, The Scientific Basis of TobaccoProduct Regulation, World Health Organization (2008).Wen Zhong, WHO suggestion especially by some component as acetaldehyde, methacrylaldehyde, benzene, BaP, 1,3-butadiene and formaldehyde be reduced to lower than data group median 125% level (Ibid., table 3.10, the 112nd page).In view of tobacco product is controlled new international recommendation, need to meet the new tobacco smog filte r of these control and the material for the manufacture of tobacco smog filte r.
Using carbon load tobacco smog filte r to remove tobacco smoke components is usually limited to tow and carries carbon filter and be included in carbon granule in filter chamber.But, be mixed in segmented filter this type of component possess skills on challenge, such as produce and can pollute a large amount of dust of other filter-portion.In addition, this type of component for be mixed into other active particle, unique filter structure design and remove for some a large amount of smog stream components there is limited technology flexibility.
Summary of the invention
The application relates to the porous mass for smoking apparatus filter, and relates to its goods and method.
In one embodiment of the invention, a kind of method comprises provides porous mass rod, and it is included in multiple active particle and binding agent particle that multiple contact point place is bonded together; There is provided and form different filter sticks from this porous mass rod; Respectively this porous mass rod and filter stick are cut into porous mass section and filter segment; Form the required adjacent configuration comprising multiple sections, the plurality of section comprises at least some porous mass section and at least some filter segment; The required adjacent filter stick length being configured to produce segmentation is fixed with wrapping paper; And segmentation filter stick length is cut into segmentation filter stick; The step of wherein carrying out being formed, fix and cutting is so that with the speed production segmentation filter stick of about 25 ms/min or larger.
In one embodiment of the invention, a kind of method comprises provides porous mass rod, and it is included in multiple active particle and binding agent particle that multiple contact point place is bonded together; There is provided and form different filter sticks from this porous mass rod; Respectively this porous mass rod and filter stick are cut into porous mass section and filter segment; Form the required adjacent configuration comprising multiple sections, the plurality of section comprises at least some porous mass section and at least some filter segment; The required adjacent filter stick length being configured to produce segmentation is fixed with adhesive; And segmentation filter stick length is cut into segmentation filter stick; The step of wherein carrying out being formed, fix and cutting is so that with the speed production segmentation filter stick of about 25 ms/min or larger.
In one embodiment of the invention, can manufacture segmentation filter stick by the following method: provide multiple porous mass section, it is included in multiple active particle and binding agent particle that multiple contact point place is bonded together; There is provided multiple filter segment, it does not have the composition identical with porous mass section; Form the required adjacent configuration comprising multiple sections, the plurality of section comprises at least one porous mass section and at least one filter segment; Segmentation filter stick length is produced with fixing required adjacent being configured to of adhesive; And segmentation filter stick length is cut into segmentation filter stick; This segmentation filter stick is cut into section filter; Wherein carry out being formed, fixing and cut the step of this segmentation filter stick length so that with the speed production segmentation filter stick of about 25 ms/min or larger.
The features and advantages of the present invention it will be apparent to those skilled in the art when reading following preferred embodiment and illustrating.
Summary of drawings
Comprise accompanying drawing below to show some aspect of the present invention, but should not be considered as exclusiveness embodiment.Disclosed theme can carry out sizable amendment, variation, combination and Form and function equivalence replace, as concerning those skilled in the art in benefit of this disclosure by generation.
Fig. 1 is the profile of the embodiment of the cigarette comprising filter segment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the profile of another embodiment of the cigarette comprising filter segment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the profile of another embodiment of the cigarette comprising filter segment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the profile of the smoking apparatus comprising filter segment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the microphoto of the section of the embodiment of porous mass of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is display average perimeter is the file that the tow of about 24.5 millimeters carries the contrast of the encapsulation pressure fall-off test result of carbon filter.
Fig. 7 shows the encapsulation pressure fall-off test result that average perimeter is the porous mass filter of the present invention (comprising polyethylene and carbon) of about 24.5 millimeters.
Fig. 8 is display average perimeter is the file that the tow of about 16.9 millimeters carries the contrast of the encapsulation pressure fall-off test result of carbon filter.
Fig. 9 shows the encapsulation pressure fall-off test result that average perimeter is the porous mass filter of the present invention (comprising polyethylene and carbon) of about 16.9 millimeters.
Figure 10 shows the schematic diagram of the process manufacturing filter stick according at least some embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the photo of the multiple filter sticks adopting at least one method of the present invention to obtain.
Figure 12 shows the schematic diagram relating at least some method of the present invention forming filter herein according to described at least some embodiment.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The application relates to the porous mass for smoking apparatus filter, and relates to its goods and method.
The present invention provides the filter and smoking apparatus with the porous mass be mixed into wherein in some embodiments.Term used herein " porous mass " refers to the material comprising active particle and non-fiber binding agent particle, which form the structure bondd by binding agent particle with interstitial space wherein, smog can be advanced through porous mass and interact with active particle thus.Porous mass described herein advantageously can reduce the concentration of at least some harmful constituent in smog stream (such as smoke from cigarette stream).In addition, porous mass described herein can be configured to be allowed for standard cigarette manufacturing installation, such as filter in conjunction with machine to manufacture segmentation filter stick.In some embodiments, active particle is bonded to the particle contamination that binding agent particle can advantageously significantly reduce to other assembly of filter.
Porous mass described herein further provides multiple filter stick structure and active particle to realize the smog stream component minimizing improved, simultaneously maintenance consumer the suction properties be familiar with.
It is noted that " approximately " modifies each numeral of this numerical listing when providing " approximately " in this article in numerical listing beginning.It is noted that in some digital scope list, some lower limit enumerated may be greater than some upper limit enumerated.Those skilled in the art will recognize that, selected subset requires the upper limit selecting to exceed selected lower limit.
I. porous mass
In some embodiments, described herein porous mass comprises the active particle be bonded together at least partly with binding agent particle.Such as, Fig. 5 (being described in greater detail in the following examples part) is the microphoto of an embodiment of porous mass, and this porous mass comprises active particle 50 (such as activated carbon particles) and binding agent particle 52.As shown, this binding agent particle engages at multiple contact point 54 place with active particle.In some embodiments, this contact point 54 random distribution in whole porous mass, this binding agent particle can retain its original physical form (or basic retain its original-shape, such as, be no more than the change (such as shrinking) of 10% compared with original-shape).Although do not wish to be bound by any theory, it is believed that when binding agent particle be heated to its softening temperature heat to when being enough to reach real melting, formed contact point.In addition, in some embodiments, it is believed that the porous mass that structure is described herein to show minimum encapsulation pressure drop (being hereinafter described in more detail), maximize the surface area of this active particle, its impact because of the suction properties on filter is minimum and can be incorporated to smoking apparatus simultaneously.
The active particle being suitable for being combined with described porous mass herein can comprise and being suitable for by removing smog stream, reducing and/or addO-on therapy strengthens any material of smog stream.This removal, minimizing or interpolation can be optionally.Such as, from the smog stream of cigarette, as described in list below, those compound can be selectively removed or reduce.This table can with " Draft Proposed Initial List of Harmful/Potentially HarmfulConstituents in Tobacco Products, including Tobacco Smoke " form available from U.S.FDA.In some embodiments, the example of the smog stream component that can advantageously reduce or remove includes but not limited to acetaldehyde, acetamide, acetone, methacrylaldehyde, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, AFB-1, 4-aminobphenyl, 1-amino naphthalenes, 2-amino naphthalenes, ammonia, ammonium salt, anabasine, anabasine, 0-anisidine, arsenic, A-α-C, benzo [a] anthracene, benzo [b] fluoranthene (benz [a] flouroanthene), benzo [j] aceanthrene (benz [j] aceanthrylene), benzo [k] fluoranthene, benzene, benzo (b) furans, benzo [a] pyrene, benzo [c] is luxuriant and rich with fragrance, beryllium, 1, 3-butadiene, butyraldehyde, cadmium, caffeic acid, carbon monoxide, catechol, chlorination dioxin/furans, chromium, cobalt, cumarin, cresols, crotonaldehyde, ring penta [c, d] pyrene, dibenzo (a, h) acridine, dibenzo (a, j) acridine, dibenzo [a, h] anthracene, dibenzo (c, g) carbazole, dibenzo [a, e] pyrene, dibenzo [a, h] pyrene, dibenzo [a, i] pyrene, dibenzo [a, l] pyrene, 2, 6-dimethylaniline, urethanes (urethane), ethylbenzene, oxirane, eugenol, formaldehyde, furans, glu-P-1, glu-P-2, hydrazine, hydrogen cyanide, hydroquinones, indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] pyrene, IQ, isoprene, plumbous, MeA-α-C, mercury, methyl ethyl ketone, 5-methyl 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridine radicals)-1-butanone (NNK), 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridine radicals)-n-butyl alcohol (NNAL), naphthalene, nickel, nicotine, nitrate, nitric oxide, nitrogen oxide, nitrite, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, 2-nitropropane, N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), N-Nitrosodiethylamine, N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosoethyl methyl amine, N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N-nitroso-piperidine (NPIP), N-nitrosopyrolidine (NPYR), N-nitroso methyl amimoacetic acid (NSAR), phenol, PhlP, polonium-210 (radio isotope), propionic aldehyde, expoxy propane, pyridine, quinoline, resorcinol, selenium, styrene, tar, 2-toluidines, toluene, Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, uranium-235 (radio isotope), uranium-238 (radio isotope), vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the active particle being suitable for being combined with porous mass described herein can comprise active carbon particle, such as active carbon (or the charcoal of activation or active coal).This active carbon can be the SA (CCl of about 50% to about 75% in some embodiments 4absorption), the highly active (CCl of about 75% to about 95% 4absorption) or its mixture.In some embodiments, this active carbon particle can be nano-scale carbon particle, such as arbitrarily carbon nano-structured, the fullerene of the CNT of wall quantity, carbon nanohorn, Bamboo-shaped and fullerene aggregation and Graphene, comprise the little Graphene of layer and graphene oxide.
The other illustrative examples being suitable for the active particle be combined with described porous mass herein includes but not limited to ion exchange resin, drier, silicate, molecular sieve, silica gel, activated alumina, zeolite, ion exchange resin (such as has skeleton (such as, styrene-divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymer, acrylate, methacrylate, phenolic condensation compound and epichlorohydrin amine condensation product) and be connected to the polymer of the multiple electrically charged functional group on polymer backbone), perlite, sepiolite, bleaching earth, magnesium silicate, metal oxide (such as iron oxide and ferric oxide nano particles, the such as Fe of about 12nm 3o 4), (such as metal nanoparticle, as Jin Heyin for nano particle, metal oxide nanoparticles, as aluminium oxide, magnetic, paramagnetism and superparamagnetic nanoparticle, as gadolinium oxide, the various crystal structures of iron oxide, as bloodstone and magnetic iron ore, gadolinium-nanotube and chamber are embedded in fullerene, as Gd@C 60, with nucleocapsid and onion shape nano particle, as gold and silver nanoparticle shell, onion shape iron oxide, and other nano particle of shell or the particulate with any described material) and be combined.In some embodiments, the combination of any foregoing active particle (comprising activated carbon particles) is suitable.
It should be pointed out that the non-nano particle that nano particle used herein comprises nanometer rods, nanosphere, nanometer rice, nano wire, nanometer star (similar nanotripods and nanometer four foot rest), mixing nanostructured that hollow nanostructures, two or more nano particles connect as one and has nano coating or nanometer heavy wall.Should also be noted that nano particle comprises the functional derivative of nano particle, include but not limited to the nano particle of covalency and/or non-covalent functionalization's (such as pi accumulation, physical absorption, ion association, Van der Waals force associate etc.).Suitable functional group can include but not limited to the part comprising amine (1 °, 2 ° or 3 °), acid amides, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, ether, ester, peroxide, silicyl, organosilan, hydro carbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and any combination thereof; Polymer; Chelating agent is as edetate, diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid, NTA and the structure comprising pyrrole ring; And any combination.In some embodiments, functional group can strengthen the removal of smoke components and/or strengthen nano particle to being incorporated in porous mass.
In some embodiments, this active particle is the combination of various active particle.In some embodiments, this porous mass can comprise multiple active particle.
In some embodiments, described herein porous mass can reduce or remove smog stream component (such as herein described in those) effectively.In some embodiments, described herein porous mass can be used for reducing WHO for some tobacco smoke components be delivered to smoking apparatus user.Such as, wherein active carbon is used as the porous mass of active particle and can be used for the transmission of some tobacco smoke components to be reduced to lower than WHO recommended levels (seeing table 13).
In some embodiments, the acetaldehyde in smog stream can be reduced about 3.0% to about 6.5%/millimeter porous mass length by the porous mass described herein comprising active carbon; Methacrylaldehyde in smog stream is reduced about 7.5% to about 12%/millimeter porous mass length; Benzene in smog stream is reduced about 5.5% to about 8.0%/millimeter porous mass length; Benzo [a] pyrene in smog stream is reduced about 9.0% to about 21.0%/millimeter porous mass length; 1,3-butadiene in smog stream is reduced about 1.5% to about 3.5%/millimeter porous mass length; Formaldehyde in smog stream is reduced about 9.0% to about 11.0%/millimeter porous mass length.
In some embodiments, the transmission of some tobacco smoke components can be reduced to lower than WHO recommended levels by the porous mass described herein comprising ion exchange resin.In some embodiments, the acetaldehyde in smog stream can be reduced about 5.0% to about 7.0%/millimeter porous mass length by the porous mass described herein comprising ion exchange resin; Methacrylaldehyde in smog stream is reduced about 4.0% to about 6.5%/millimeter porous mass length; Formaldehyde in smog stream is reduced about 9.0% to about 11.0%/millimeter porous mass length.
In one embodiment, the active particle being suitable for being combined with porous mass described herein has following particle size range: by having at least one particle being approximately less than the dimension of a nanometer (such as Graphene), to the large particle of diameter to having about 5000 microns at least one dimension.In some embodiments, the diameter of this active particle can have about 0.1 nanometer at least one dimension, 0.5 nanometer, 1 nanometer, 10 nanometers, 100 nanometers, 500 nanometers, 1 micron, 5 microns, 10 microns, 50 microns, 100 microns, 150 microns, the lower limit of 200 microns or 250 microns is to about 5000 microns, 2000 microns, 1000 microns, 900 microns, 700 microns, 500 microns, 400 microns, 300 microns, 250 microns, 200 microns, 150 microns, 100 microns, 50 microns, the upper limit of 10 microns or 500 nanometers, and the diameter wherein at least one dimension can be that any lower limit is to any upper limit, and any subset contained therebetween.In some embodiments, this active particle can be the mixing of granularity.
The binding agent particle being suitable for being combined with porous mass described herein can be any suitable thermoplastic adhesive particle.In some embodiments, the binding agent particle being suitable for being combined with porous mass described herein can show in fact few flowing under its melt temperature.This means that this material shows when being heated to its melt temperature and seldom or not show polymer flow.The material meeting these standards includes but not limited to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), extra high molecular weight northylen (VHMWPE), High molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE) and combination thereof.In one embodiment, this binding agent particle has the melt flow index (MFI, ASTM D1238) being less than or equal to about 3.5 grams/10 minutes (or under 190 DEG C and 15 kilograms about 0-3.5 gram/10 minutes) under 190 DEG C and 15 kilograms.In another embodiment, this binding agent particle has the MFI being less than or equal to about 2.0 grams/10 minutes (or under 190 DEG C and 15 kilograms about 0-2.0 gram/10 minutes) under 190 DEG C and 15 kilograms.The example of low melt flow index binding agent can include but not limited to the UHMWPE in fact without polymer flow, there is the UHMWPE of the MFI of about 0-1.0 under 190 DEG C and 15 kilograms, there is the VHMWPE of the MFI of about 1.0-2.0 gram/10 minutes under 190 DEG C and 15 kilograms, there is HMWPE of the MFI of about 2.0-3.5 gram/10 minutes under 190 DEG C and 15 kilograms etc., and its any combination.In some embodiments, the mixture of the binding agent particle with different molecular weight and/or different melt flow index can preferably be used.
In molecular weight, UHMWPE comprises and has at least about 3 × 10 6gram/mol the polyethylene composition of weight average molecular weight.In some embodiments, the molecular weight of UHMWPE can be about 3 × 10 6gram/mol or 6 × 10 6gram/mol lower limit to about 30 × 10 6gram/mol, 20 × 10 6gram/mol, 10 × 10 6gram/mol or 6 × 10 6gram/mol the upper limit, and wherein this molecular weight can be any lower limit to any upper limit, and contains any subset therebetween.In molecular weight, VHMWPE comprises having and is less than about 3 × 10 6gram/mol and be greater than about 1 × 10 6gram/mol the polyethylene composition of weight average molecular weight.In some embodiments, the molecular weight of extra high molecular weight polyethylene composition can be about 2 × 10 6gram/mol to being less than about 3 × 10 6gram/mol.In molecular weight, HMWPE comprises and has at least about 3 × 10 5gram/mol to about 1 × 10 6gram/mol the polyethylene composition of weight average molecular weight.In order to the object of this description, the molecular weight mentioned herein measures (" Margolies molecular weight ") according to Margolies formula.
The example of commercial polyethylene product can include but not limited to uHMWPE product (can available from Ticona Polymers LLC, such as 2000 series (such as 2105,2122,2122-5,2126), GUR series (such as 4120,4130,4150,4170,4012,4122-5,4022-6,4050-3/4150-3), GUR series (such as 8110,8020), GUR series (such as X143, X184, X168, X172, X192)).The combination of any aforementioned commercial polyethylene product is also suitable in some embodiments.
In some embodiments, the polyethylene being suitable for being combined with described binding agent herein can have about 5dl/g to the inherent viscosity of about 30dl/g and the degree of crystallinity of about 80% or larger, such as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0090081, the full text is incorporated herein by reference for it.In some embodiments, the polyethylene being suitable for being combined with binding agent described herein can have measured by ASTM-D 4020 about 300, and 000 gram/mol to about 2,000, the molecular weight of 000 gram/mol, the particle mean size (D of about 300 microns to about 1500 microns 50) and about 0.25 grams per milliliter to the bulk density of about 0.5 grams per milliliter, as the U.S. Provisional Application submitted on May 3rd, 2010 number 61/330, described in 535.
The binding agent particle being suitable for being combined with porous mass described herein can have any shape.This type of shape can include but not limited to spherical, hyperion, star, chrondular or interstellar dust shape, graininess, potato, puffed rice, irregularly shaped, it mixes arbitrarily or its any combination.In preferred embodiments, being applicable to binding agent particle of the present invention is non-fiber.In some embodiments, this binding agent particle is powder, pill or particle form.In some embodiments, this binding agent particle is the combination with difform various binding agent particle.
In some embodiments, the binding agent particle being suitable for being combined with porous mass described herein has following diameter at least one dimension: by about 0.1 nanometer, 0.5 nanometer, 1 nanometer, 10 nanometers, 100 nanometers, 500 nanometers, 1 micron, 5 microns, 10 microns, 50 microns, 100 microns, 150 microns, the lower limit of 200 microns or 250 microns is to about 5000 microns, 2000 microns, 1000 microns, 900 microns, 700 microns, 500 microns, 400 microns, 300 microns, 250 microns, 200 microns, 150 microns, 100 microns, 50 microns, the upper limit of 10 microns and 500 nanometers, and the diameter wherein at least one dimension can be that any lower limit is to any upper limit, and any subset contained therebetween.In some embodiments, this binding agent particle can be the mixing of granularity.
In some embodiments, the binding agent particle being suitable for being combined with porous mass described herein can have about 0.10g/cm 3to about 0.55g/cm 3bulk density.In another embodiment, this bulk density is about 0.17g/cm 3to about 0.50g/cm 3.In still another embodiment, this bulk density is about 0.20g/cm 3to about 0.47g/cm 3.
Except foregoing adhesives particle, in some embodiments, other conventional thermoplastics can as the binding agent particle be combined with porous mass described herein.This type of thermoplastic can include but not limited to polyolefin, polyester, polyamide (or nylon), polyacrylic, polystyrene, polyvinyl, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), its any copolymer, its any derivative and any combination thereof.The plastic fibre element derivative of non-fiber is also suitable for being used as binding agent particle in the present invention.Suitable polyolefinic example can include but not limited to polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polymethylpentene etc., its any copolymer, its any derivative and any combination thereof.Suitable poly example may further include but is not limited to low density polyethylene (LDPE), LLDPE, high density polyethylene (HDPE) etc., its any copolymer, its any derivative and any combination thereof.The example of suitable polyester can include but not limited to PETG, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyeyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate, Polytrimethylene terephthalate etc., its any copolymer, its any derivative and any combination thereof.The example of suitable polyacrylic can include but not limited to polymethyl methacrylate etc., its any copolymer, its any derivative and any combination thereof.The example of suitable polystyrene can include but not limited to polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-butadiene, phenylethylene-maleic anhydride etc., its any copolymer, its any derivative and any combination thereof.The embodiment of suitable polyvinyl can include but not limited to ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride etc., its any copolymer, its any derivative and any combination thereof.Suitable cellulosic example can include but not limited to cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate-butyrate, plastic fibre element, cellulose propionate, ethyl cellulose etc., its any copolymer, its any derivative and any combination thereof.In some embodiments, binding agent particle can comprise any copolymer, any derivative and any combination etc. of described exemplary binder herein.
Active particle and binding agent particle can be included in porous mass described herein with any weight ratio.In some embodiments, active particle can be any upper limit of any lower limit to about 90:10,75:25,60:40 or 50:50 of about 1:99,10:90,25:75,40:60 or 50:50 to the weight ratio of binding agent particle, and wherein this weight ratio can be any lower limit extremely any upper limit, and contains any subset therebetween.
In some embodiments, described herein porous mass can be characterized by the character of such as voidage, encapsulation pressure drop and any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, porous mass described herein can have the voidage of about lower limit of 40%, 50% or 60% to about upper limit of 90%, 85%, 80% or 75%, and wherein this voidage can be any lower limit extremely any upper limit, and contains any subset therebetween.
In order to determine voidage, although do not wish to be fettered by any particular theory, it is believed that test shows that the final densities of this mixture is almost complete and driven by active particle; The space that bonded dose of particle occupies thus is not counted into this calculating.Thus, voidage in the case calculates based on remaining space after counting active particle.In order to determine voidage, first the upper limit diameter based on size of mesh of active particle and diameter limit being averaged, calculating volume (being assumed to the spherical form based on this equalization diameter) subsequently and using the density of active material.Subsequently, following calculating percentage voidage:
Term used herein " encapsulation pressure drop " refers to when sample to be encapsulated in testing arrangement to make not having air to pass packaging completely, when the volume flow rate of the port of export is 17.5 milliliters/second, when sample is poor by static pressure during empty permeate gas stream between sample two ends under steady state conditions, a reactor.EPD is measured in this article according to CORESTA (" Cooperation Centre for ScientificResearch Relative to Tobacco ") Recommended Method No.41 (date is in June, 2007).In another embodiment, porous mass of the present invention can have about 0.10 to the EPD of about 10 millimeters of water/millimeter porous mass length.In some embodiments, porous mass of the present invention can have about 2 to the EPD of about 7 millimeters of water/millimeter porous mass length (or being no more than 7 millimeters of water/millimeter porous mass length).
In some embodiments, porous mass described herein can have about 0.10 millimeter of water/millimeter porous mass length, 0.5 millimeter of water/millimeter porous mass length, the lower limit of 1 millimeter of water/millimeter porous mass length or 5 millimeters of water/millimeter porous mass length is to about 25 millimeters of water/millimeter porous mass length, 15 millimeters of water/millimeter porous mass length, the encapsulation pressure drop (EPD) of the upper limit of 10 millimeters of water/millimeter porous mass length or 5 millimeters of water/millimeter porous mass length, and wherein this EPD can be that any lower limit is to any upper limit, and any subset contained therebetween.
In some embodiments, about 20 millimeters of water or lower are less than with every millimeter of porous mass, every millimeter of porous mass 19 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 18 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 17 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 16 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 15 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 14 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 13 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 12 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 11 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 10 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 9 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 8 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 7 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 6 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 5 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 4 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 3 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 2 millimeters of water or lower, or every millimeter of porous mass 1 millimeter of water or lower EPD combine, porous mass of the present invention can have at least about 1 milligram/millimeter, 2 milligrams/millimeter, 3 milligrams/millimeter, 4 milligrams/millimeter, 5 milligrams/millimeter, 6 milligrams/millimeter, 7 milligrams/millimeter, 8 milligrams/millimeter, 9 milligrams/millimeter, 10 milligrams/millimeter, 11 milligrams/millimeter, 12 milligrams/millimeter, 13 milligrams/millimeter, 14 milligrams/millimeter, 15 milligrams/millimeter, 16 milligrams/millimeter, 17 milligrams/millimeter, 18 milligrams/millimeter, 19 milligrams/millimeter, 20 milligrams/millimeter, 21 milligrams/millimeter, 22 milligrams/millimeter, 23 milligrams/millimeter, the active particle load of 24 milligrams/millimeter or 25 milligrams/millimeter.
As limiting examples, in some embodiments, this porous mass can have the active particle load of at least about 1 milligram/millimeter and every millimeter of about 20 millimeters of water of porous mass or lower EPD.In other embodiments, this porous mass can have the active particle load of at least about 1 milligram/millimeter and every millimeter of about 20 millimeters of water of porous mass or lower EPD, and wherein this active particle is not carbon.In other embodiments, this porous mass can have the active particle load of at least 6 milligrams/millimeters and every millimeter of porous mass 10 millimeters of water or lower EPD.
In some embodiments, host material and/or porous mass can comprise active particle, binding agent particle and additive.In some embodiments, this host material or porous mass can comprise additive with about lower limit of 0.001 % by weight, 0.01 % by weight, 0.05 % by weight, 0.1 % by weight, 1 % by weight, 5 % by weight or 10 % by weight of this host material or porous mass to the amount of about upper limit of 25 % by weight, 15 % by weight, 10 % by weight, 5 % by weight or 1 % by weight of this host material or porous mass, and wherein the amount of additive can be any lower limit extremely any upper limit, and contains any subset therebetween.It should be noted, porous mass mentioned in this article comprises porous mass length, porous mass and porous mass section (packaging or other form).
Suitable additive can include but not limited to reactive compound, ion exchange resin, zeolite, nano particle, ceramic particle, glass beads, softening agent, plasticizer, pigment, dyestuff, spices, fumet, controlled release vesica, adhesive, tackifier, surface modifier, vitamin, peroxide, biocide, antifungal agent, antiseptic, antistatic additive, fire retardant, degradation agent, microcapsules and any combination thereof.
Suitable reactive compound can be the compound and/or the molecule that are suitable for removing component from smog stream, includes but not limited to acrylate and any combination thereof of malic acid, potash, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, polymine, cyclodextrin, NaOH, sulfamic acid, sulfamic acid sodium, polyvinyl acetate, carboxylation.It should be noted, active particle is also considered to reactive compound, and vice versa.As limiting examples, fullerene and some CNTs can be regarded as particle and molecule.
Suitable ion exchange resin can include but not limited to the skeleton with styrene-divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymer, acrylate, methacrylate, phenolic condensation compound, epichlorohydrin amine condensation product etc. and any combination thereof; The polymer of the multiple charged functional group be connected on this polymer backbone; And any combination.
Zeolite can comprise the crystal aluminosilicate with hole (passage of such as uniform, molecular size size or cavity).Zeolite can comprise natural and synthetic material.Suitable zeolite can include but not limited to β zeolite (Na 7(Al 7si 57o 128) four directions), zeolite ZSM-5 (Na n(Al nsi 96-no 192) 16H 2o, n<27), Wessalith CS, X zeolite, zeolite Y, zeolite K-G, zeolite ZK-5, zeolite ZK-4, mesoporous silicate, SBA-15, MCM-41, MCM48 by the modification of 3-amino propyl silyl, aluminate or phosphate, mesoporous aluminosilicate, other associated porous material (as mixed oxide gel) or its any combination.
Suitable nano particle can include but not limited to nano-scale carbon particle, as carbon nano-structured in the CNT of any wall quantity, carbon nanohorn, Bamboo-shaped, fullerene and fullerene aggregation and Graphene, comprise the little Graphene of layer and graphene oxide; Metal nanoparticle is as Jin Heyin; Metal oxide nanoparticles, as aluminium oxide, silica and titanium oxide; Magnetic, paramagnetism and superparamagnetic nanoparticle, as gadolinium oxide, the various crystal structures of iron oxide, as bloodstone and magnetic iron ore, about 12 nanometer Fe 3o 4, gadolinium-nanotube and chamber be embedded in fullerene, as Gd@C 60; With nucleocapsid and onion shape nano particle, as gold and silver nanoparticle shell, onion shape iron oxide, and other nano particle of shell or the particulate with any described material, and aforesaid any combination (comprising active carbon).It should be noted that the non-nano particle that nano particle can comprise nanometer rods, nanosphere, nanometer rice, nano wire, nanometer star (similar nanotripods and nanometer four foot rest), mixing nanostructured that hollow nanostructures, two or more nano particles connect as one and have nano coating or nanometer heavy wall.Should also be noted that nano particle can comprise the functional derivative of nano particle, include but not limited to the nano particle of covalency and/or non-covalent functionalization's (such as pi accumulation, physical absorption, ion association, Van der Waals force associate etc.).Suitable functional group can include but not limited to the part comprising amine (1 °, 2 ° or 3 °), acid amides, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, ether, ester, peroxide, silicyl, organosilan, hydro carbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and any combination thereof; Polymer; Chelating agent is as edetate, diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid, NTA and the structure comprising pyrrole ring; And any combination.Functional group can strengthen the removal of smoke components and/or strengthen nano particle to being incorporated in porous mass.
Suitable ceramic particle can include but not limited to oxide (such as silica, titanium oxide, aluminium oxide, beryllium oxide, cerium oxide and zirconia), non-oxidized substance (such as carbide, boride, nitride and silicide), its composite or its any combination.Ceramic particle can be crystallization, amorphous or hemicrystalline.
Pigment used herein refers to gives color and the compound be mixed in whole host material and/or its component and/or particle.Suitable pigment can include but not limited to titanium dioxide, silica, tartrazines, E102, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, quinacridone, perylene tetracarboxylic acid imidodicarbonic diamide, dioxazine, piperazine ketone (perinone) bisazo (disazo) pigment, anthraquinone pigment, carbon black, titanium dioxide, metal dust, iron oxide, ultramarine or its any combination.
Dyestuff used herein refers to imparting color and is surface-treated compound and/or particle.Suitable dyestuff can include but not limited to liquid and/or particle form dyestuff (dye of positive ion, can available from Clariant Services) (such as brilliant Yellow K-6G liquid, yellowK-4GL liquid, yellow K-GL liquid, orangeK-3GL liquid, scarlet K-2GL liquid, redK-3BN liquid, blue K-5R liquid, blue K-RL liquid, turquoise K-RL liquid/particle, brownK-BL liquid), dyestuff (auxochrome, can available from BASF) (such as Yellow 3GL, Fastusol C Blue 74L).
Suitable spices can be any spices being applicable to smoking apparatus filter, comprises imparting smog stream flavour and/or taste those.Suitable spices can include but not limited to organic material (or natural add taste particle), the carrier for natural flavor, the carrier for artificial fragrance and any combination thereof.Organic material (or natural add taste particle) includes but not limited to tobacco, cloves (such as Ground Cloves and lilac), cocoa etc.Natural and artificial flavors can include but not limited to menthol, cloves, cherry, chocolate, cardamom, orange, peppermint, mango, vanilla, Chinese cassia tree, tobacco etc.This type of taste can pass through menthol, anethole (Radix Glycyrrhizae), anisole, citrene (oranges and tangerines), eugenol (cloves) etc. or its any combination provides.In some embodiments, can use and exceed a kind of spices, any combination of the spices provided herein is provided.These spices can be placed in tobacco column or be placed in one section of filter.The amount comprised depends on required taste level in smog, considers the type of the length of all filter segment, smoking apparatus, smoking apparatus, the diameter of smoking apparatus and other factors well known by persons skilled in the art.
Suitable fumet can include but not limited to spices, spice extract, herb extracts, essential oil, smelling salts, VOC, volatile small molecule, methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, amyl butyrate, amyl valerate, octyl acetate, laurene, geraniol, nerol, citral, citronellal, citronellol, linalool, nerolidol, citrene, camphor, terpineol, α-ionone, absinthol, benzaldehyde, eugenol, cinnamic acid, ethyl maltol, vanillic aldehyde, anisole, anethole, chavicol methyl ether, thymol, furanone, methyl alcohol, rosemary, lavender, oranges and tangerines, freesia, apricot flower, green vegetable (greens), peach blossom, jasmine, redwood, pine, thyme, oak moss, Moschus, vetiver, myrrh, blackcurrant, bergamot, grape fruit, Acacia, passionflower, santal, oranges and tangerines, flores aurantii, violet leaf, cape jasmine, haw, Yilan, Acacia, sensitive plant, tonka bean, timber, ambergris, daffodil, hyacinth, narcissus, currant bud, iris, raspberry, the lily of the valley, cdear, flores aurantii, bergamot, strawberry, carnation, wild marjoram, honey, civet, garden heliotrope, caramel, cumarin, Pogostemon cablin, raspberry, helonial, hyacinth, cardamom, caraway, allspice, labdanum, Acacia, aldehydes, orchid, amber, styrax, orris, tuberose, palmarosa, Chinese cassia tree, nutmeg, moss, storax, pineapple, bergamot, digitalis, tulip, Chinese wistaria, clematis, ambergris, natural gum, resin, peach, Lee, castoreum, fish pelargonium, rose violet, daffodil, fragrant pungent carnation, galbanum, hyacinth, Petitgrain, hyacinth, honeysuckle, capsicum, raspberry, styrax, mango, coconut, oranges and tangerines are fragrant, castoreum, sweet osmanthus, oak moss, nectarine, peppermint, fennel, cassia bark, orris, apricot, remote Cape jasmine flower, marigold, Rosa Damascana, narcissus, tolu, frankincense, amber, flores aurantii, bourbon vetiver, opopanax, Muscat Blanc, pawpaw, rock sugar, jackfruit, honeydew, lotus flower, the lily of the valley, mulberry fruit, absinth, ginger, gin, lindera glauca, tree peony, violet, lemon, bitter orange, lotus, white rum, sweet basil, lavender, face cream, the red tuber of multiflower knotweed, sweet osmanthus, karo karunde, white orchid, common calla, rose white, rhubrum lily, marigold, ambergris, ivy, grass, Hevea, spearmint, Salvia japonica, cottonwood, grape, whortle, lotus, cyclamen, orchid, glycine, Dalmatia flower bud, Jiang Hua, green sweet osmanthus, passionflower, blue rose, bay rum, Acacia, african marigold, Anatolia rose, Ao Funie narcissus, Britain broom top (British broom), Britain broom top is chocolate, Bulgarian Rosa rugosa, China's Pogostemon cablin, China cape jasmine, Calabria oranges and tangerines, the Comoros island tuberose, Ceylon's cardamom, Caribbean passion fruit, Damask Rose, Georgia State peach, madonna lily, Egyptian jasmine, Egyptian pot marigold, Ethiopia's civet, Farnesian Acacia, Florence flag flower, France jasmine, France daffodil, France hyacinth, Guinea's orange, Guyana wacapua, lattice Lars Petitgrain, lattice Lars rose, lattice Lars tuberose, Haiti vetiver, Hawaii pineapple, Israel's sweet basil, indian sandalwood, Indian Ocean vanilla, Italy's bergamot, Italy's iris, All ice, cabbage, Madagascar Yilan, Madagascar vanilla, Morocco jasmine, Morocco rose, Morocco oak moss, Morocco flores aurantii, Mysore sandalwood, east rose, Russia's leather, Russia caraway, Sicily oranges and tangerines, South Africa marigold, the black tonka-bean in South America, Singapore's Pogostemon cablin, Spain flores aurantii, Sicily bitter orange, Reunion vetiver, Beige & Rose, Styrax benzoides, Tunisia flores aurantii, Yugoslavia oak moss, Virginia cdear, Utah State milfoil, western India red sandalwood etc. and any combination thereof.
Suitable tackifier can include but not limited to methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, water-soluble cellulose acetate, acid amides, diamines, polyester, Merlon, silyl-modif iotaed polyamides compound, polyurethanes, polyurethane, natural resin, shellac, acrylate copolymer, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylate polymer, acrylic acid derivative polymer, acrylate homopolymer, Voncoat R 3310, poly-(methyl acrylate), poly-(butyl acrylate), poly-(2-EHA), acrylate copolymer, methacrylic acid derivative polymer, methacrylic acid homo thing, methacrylate homopolymer, poly-(methyl methacrylate), poly-(butyl methacrylate), poly-(2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate), acrylamido-methyl-propane sulfonate polymer, acrylamido-methyl-propane sulfonate derivative polymer, acrylamido-methyl-propane sulfonic acid ester copolymer, acrylic acid/acrylamide base-methyl-propanesulfonic acid ester copolymer, benzyl cocounut oil two-(ethoxy) quaternary amine, with the p-T-amyl group-phenol of formaldehyde condensation, (methyl) propenoic acid dialkyl aminoalkyl ester, acrylamide, N-(dialkyl aminoalkyl) acrylamide, Methacrylamide, (methyl) hydroxyalkyl acrylates, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate etc., its any derivative or its any combination.
Suitable vitamin can include but not limited to vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E or its any combination.
Suitable antiseptic includes but not limited to antimicrobial metal ion, Chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine salt, triclosan, polymyxins (polymoxin), tetracycline, aminoglycoside (such as gentamicin), rifampin, bacitracin, erythromycin, neomycin, chloramphenicol, Miconazole, quinolone, penicillin, Nonoxynol-9, fusidinic acid, cynnematin, mupirocin, flagyl secropin, antibacterial peptide, bacteriocin (bacteriolcin), sozin, nitrofurazone, mafenide, ACV, vancomycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, sulfonamide, orfloxacin, Pefloxacin, acidum nalidixicum (nalidizic acid), oxalic acid, Enoxacin acid, Ciprofloxacin, poly hexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), PHMB derivative (such as biodegradable biguanides, as PEHMB (PEHMB)), chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine hydrochloride, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), EDTA derivative (such as EDETATE DISODIUM or EDTA tetrasodium salt) etc., and any combination.
Antistatic additive can comprise any suitable anion, cation, both sexes or non-ionic antistatic agent.Anionic antistatic agent can include but not limited to the phosphate of alkali metal sulfates, alkali metal phosphate, alcohols, the phosphate of ethoxylation alcohols or its any combination usually.Example can include but not limited to that phosphate that alkali neutralizes (such as 5559 or 5576, can available from Henkel Corporation, Mauldin, SC).Cationic antistatic agent usually can include but not limited to quaternary ammonium salt and have the imidazoline of positive charge.The example of non-ionic antistatic agent comprises poly-(oxyalkylene) derivative, such as ethoxylated fatty acid, as 2650 (a kind of ethoxylated fatty acid, can available from HenkelCorporation, Mauldin, SC), ethoxylized fatty alcohol, as 5964 (a kind of ethoxylated lauryl, can available from Henkel Corporation, Mauldin, SC), ethoxylated fatty amine, as 6606 (a kind of ethoxylated tallow amine, can available from Henkel Corporation, Mauldin, SC), alkanolamide, as 6545 (a kind of oleic acid diethanol amine, can available from Henkel Corporation, Mauldin, SC), or its any combination.Anion and cationic materials tend to be more effective antistatic additive.
" microcapsules " used herein refers to has outer surface hole and small porous particle (spherical or other form) with the diameter being less than about 1 micron to about 1000 microns.In some embodiments, microcapsules can comprise described any additive (alone or in combination) herein, as long as the size of this additive is suitable for internal capacity and keep the operability of these microcapsules.The microcapsules being suitable for being combined with the present invention can be those that formed by any appropriate technology, it can include but not limited to the U.S. Patent number 5 being entitled as " Cellulose Ester Microparticles andProcesses for Making the Same ", 064,949 and be entitled as " Process for Making Cellulose Ester Microparticles " 5,047, those described in 180, relevant disclosure is incorporated herein by this reference.The microcapsules being suitable for being combined with the present invention can be formed by any suitable material, described material can include but not limited to gelatin, cellulose, modified cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, chlorophyllin, polyvinyl alcohol, PVP etc., or its any combination.
The length of porous mass described herein can be the upper limit of lower limit extremely about 150 millimeters, 100 millimeters, 50 millimeters, 25 millimeters, 15 millimeters or 10 millimeters of about 2 millimeters, 3 millimeters, 5 millimeters, 10 millimeters, 15 millimeters, 20 millimeters, 25 millimeters or 30 millimeters in some embodiments, and wherein this length can be any lower limit extremely any upper limit, and contains any subset therebetween.
This porous mass can have any physical form, such as, be spirality, triangle, dish type, square, rectangle, cylindrical and mix arbitrarily in some embodiments.In some embodiments, this porous mass especially (if hope) can be processed as lighter weight, such as, by getting out a part of porous mass.In one embodiment, this porous mass can have and is applicable to the given shape be arranged in tobacco pipe or smoke pipe and arrives consumer to allow smog by filter.When discussing the shape of porous mass in this article, shape can be mentioned with the diameter of cylindrical cross section or girth (wherein girth is the girth of circle).But unless otherwise specified, term " girth " word is commonly referred to as the girth of any shaping cross section, comprises circle and polygonal crosssection.
The girth of porous mass described herein can be about 5 millimeters, 6 millimeters, 7 millimeters, 8 millimeters, 9 millimeters, 10 millimeters, 11 millimeters, 12 millimeters, 13 millimeters, 14 millimeters, 15 millimeters, 16 millimeters, 17 millimeters, 18 millimeters, 19 millimeters, 20 millimeters, 21 millimeters, 22 millimeters, 23 millimeters, 24 millimeters, the lower limit of 25 millimeters or 26 millimeters is to about 60 millimeters, 50 millimeters, 40 millimeters, 30 millimeters, 20 millimeters, 29 millimeters, 28 millimeters, 27 millimeters, 26 millimeters, 25 millimeters, 24 millimeters, 23 millimeters, 22 millimeters, 21 millimeters, 20 millimeters, 19 millimeters, 18 millimeters, the upper limit of 17 millimeters or 16 millimeters, wherein this girth can be that any lower limit is to any upper limit, and any subset contained therebetween.
In some embodiments, porous mass can have at least one the paper being placed in surrounding.Unless specifically stated so, the embodiment described herein relating to porous mass also relates to the porous mass of packaging.The example that can be placed in the paper around described porous mass herein can include but not limited to paper (such as wood-based paper, paper containing flax, flax paper, cotton paper, paper, functionalization paper, special marking paper, chromatics paper that by other, natural or synthetic fibers are obtained), plastics (such as fluorinated polymer, as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), organosilicon), film, coated paper, coat plastics, coated thin film etc., and any combination.In some embodiments, this paper can be highly porous, ripple and/or have high surface strength.In some embodiments, paper can be essentially no hole, such as, be less than about 10CORESTA unit.
Porous mass described herein can by any suitable method and with any suitable equipment and/or system manufacture, it includes but not limited to the method, system and the equipment that describe in the CO-PENDING application PCT/US11/56388 that on October 14th, 2011 submits to, and the full text is incorporated herein by reference for it.Such as, porous mass can with continuously, batch or mixing method utilize die cavity manufacture.
II. the goods of porous mass are comprised
Hereinafter described porous mass can be used as filter or filter segment, comprises and being combined with smoking apparatus filter.Term used herein " smoking apparatus " refers to and can keep inhaling material and be communicated with filter fluid and operationally allow user aspirate on this smoking apparatus to make the goods from this filter of passage of smoke arrival user (such as people) can inhaling material.Term smoking apparatus is contained but is not limited to cigarette, tobacco pipe, cigar, cigar tobacco pipe, smoke pipe, hookah, water pipe, electrical smoking device, hand-rolled cigarette or cigar etc., and mixes arbitrarily.
In some embodiments, smoking apparatus can comprise the housing that can keep inhaling material and be communicated with filter fluid.Suitable housing can include but not limited to cigarette, tobacco pipe, cigar, cigar tobacco pipe, smoke pipe, hookah, water pipe, electrical smoking device, hand-rolled cigarette, hand scroll cigar, paper etc., and it mixes arbitrarily and is combined.
With reference to the limiting examples shown in Fig. 1, smoking apparatus 10 comprises filter 14 and is shown as the material inhaled of tobacco column 12.Filter 14 can comprise at least two sections, first paragraph 16 and second segment 18.Such as, first paragraph 16 can comprise conventional filter materials (discussing in more detail in this article), and second segment 18 comprises porous mass (discussing in more detail in this article).
Referring now to the limiting examples shown in Fig. 2, smoking apparatus 20 has filter 22 and is shown as the material inhaled of tobacco column 12.Filter 22 shows the multiple segment filters device with three sections, and be sometimes referred to as two branch filter device (dual offset filter), it comprises filter segment 24, porous mass 26 and filter segment 24 in order.Filter segment 24 can comprise described any fillter section material and/or attribute in some embodiments herein.
Referring now to the limiting examples shown in Fig. 3, smoking apparatus 30 has filter 32 and is shown as the material inhaled of tobacco column 12.Filter 32 is multiple segment filters devices of the section of having 34,36,37,38, and its stage casing 34 is cigarette holder and smoking apparatus 30.In some embodiments, section 34 can comprise conventional filter materials to provide normal mouthfeel to user, section 36,37,38 can comprise described any filtering material and/or attribute independently herein, and at least one of the section of making 36,37,38 is porous mass described herein.
Referring now to the limiting examples shown in Fig. 4, the smoking apparatus being shown as smoke pipe 40 has burning alms bowl 42, mouthend piece 44 and the passage 46 of interconnect burning alms bowl 42 and mouthend piece 44.Passage 46 comprises the cavity 47 being suitable for receiving filtration device 48.Filter 48 can be porous mass or multiple segment filters device in some embodiments, such as, as shown in the filter 32 of the filter 14 of Fig. 1, the filter 22 of Fig. 2 or Fig. 3.The size of filter 48 can change based on the size of cavity 47.In some embodiments, filter 48 is removable, interchangeable, disposable, callable and/or degradable.
In some embodiments, the filter comprising described porous mass herein can have the section of any amount, such as 2,3,4,5,6 an or more section, this section can place with any suitable structure and comprise independently as described in material and attribute.
Not the material being applicable to filter and/or filter segment of porous mass can include but not limited to cellulose acetate, cellulose esters, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin tow, polypropylene fibroin, PETG, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), random orientation acetic acid esters, paper, corrugated paper, concentric filters (the periphery filter of such as fibre bundle and the core of net web material), tow carries carbon (being sometimes referred to as " Dalmatia's filter "), silica, magnesium silicate, zeolite (such as BETA, SBA-15, the MCM-48 of MCM-41 and 3 amino propyl silyl modifications), molecular sieve, salt, catalyst, sodium chloride, nylon, spices, tobacco, capsule, cellulose, cellulose derivative, cellulose esters microballoon, catalytic conversion agent, iodic anhydride, dust base, carbon granule, carbon fiber, fiber, glass beads, nano particle, empty room (such as by stiffener as paper or plastics are formed), with the empty room of baffle plate, and any combination.In addition, the filter of non-porous material and/or filter segment can comprise described additive herein.
In some embodiments, the filter comprising described porous mass herein can comprise chamber, such as, between two porous mass sections, between two non-porous material sections, or between porous mass section and another section between two filter segment.This chamber can be filled such as, with active particle described herein and/or additive, granulated carbon, spices etc.This chamber can contain capsule, such as polymer capsule, itself contains described active particle and/or additive herein.In some embodiments, this chamber can comprise tobacco as additional spices.It should be noted that if fill this chamber deficiently with selected species, in some embodiments, this can cause mainstream smoke component and chamber to neutralize in other (one or more) filter segment to lack between material and interact.
In some embodiments, the filter comprising described porous mass herein can be characterized by EPD.In some embodiments, the filter comprising described porous mass herein can have and is less than approximately every millimeter of porous mass 20 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 19 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 18 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 17 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 16 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 15 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 14 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 13 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 12 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 11 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 10 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 9 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 8 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 7 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 6 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 5 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 4 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 3 millimeters of water or lower, every millimeter of porous mass 2 millimeters of water or lower or every millimeter of porous mass 1 millimeter of water or lower EPD.
In some embodiments, this filter can be through time substantially degradable (such as through about 2 to about 5 years), can Natural Degradation or degrade in the presence of a catalyst, this catalyst may reside in filter segment self in some embodiments.
As Figure 1-3, in some embodiments, filter segment and at least one other filter segment of comprising porous mass can be coaxial, juxtaposed, adjacent, and have equivalent sectional area (or basic equivalent cross-sectional area).But, it being understood that this porous mass and conventional material are without the need to engaging in this type of mode, and other possible structure may be there is.In addition, such as, although imagination porous mass the most usually will construct with multiple segment filters device and be combined, as illustrated in fig. 1-3, in some embodiments, this filter can be made up of porous mass of the present invention substantially, as above with reference to Fig. 4 discuss.
As mentioned above, the filter comprising described porous mass herein can be combined with smoking apparatus.In some embodiments, this filter can adjoin the material inhaled changing smoking apparatus, such as cigarette or cigar.In some embodiments, this filter can be communicated with inhaling material (such as water pipe, smoke pipe, cigar tobacco pipe, cigarette tobacco pipe or cigarette or cigar) fluid but not adjoin with it, at filter and can inhale between material and arrange chamber.
In some embodiments, can inhale material can be tobacco column form.Term used herein " tobacco column " refers to the blend of tobacco and other composition optional and spices, and they can in conjunction with the goods inhaled manufactured based on tobacco, as cigarette or cigar.In some embodiments, this tobacco column can comprise and is selected from following composition: tobacco, sugar (as sucrose, brown sugar, invert sugar or high-fructose corn syrup), propane diols, glycerine, cocoa, cocoa products, angle beans, angle beans extract and any combination thereof.In other embodiments, this tobacco column can comprise spices, menthol, licorice, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium hydroxide and any combination thereof further.The example that can be used for the tobacco of the suitable type of tobacco column can include but not limited to bright leaf cigarette, burley tobaccos, Oriental tobacco (also referred to as Turkish tobacco), cavendish tobacco, palm bast (corojo) tobacco, sieve Ke Liao tobacco, Po Like tobacco, shade tobacco (shade tobacco), white burley tobaccos and any combination thereof.This tobacco can grow in the U.S., maybe can grow the country outside the U.S..
III. the method for filter and smoking apparatus is formed
In some embodiments, filter segment can in conjunction with or engage, to form filter or filter stick.Term used herein " filter stick " refers to the filter length being suitable for cutting into two or more filters.As limiting examples, the filter stick comprising described porous mass herein can have the length of about 80 millimeters to about 150 millimeters in some embodiments, and can cut into the filter that length is about 5 to about 35 millimeters in the bonding operation of smoking apparatus (tobacco column being joined in filter) process.
Bonding operation can relate to and filter described herein or filter stick to be combined with tobacco column or to engage.In bonding operating process, first the filter stick comprising described porous mass herein can cut into filter in some embodiments, or cuts into filter in bonding operating process.In addition, in some embodiments, adhering method can relate to further and will comprise the extra segment combination of paper and/or charcoal or join in filter, filter stick or tobacco column.
In the manufacture of filter, filter stick and/or smoking apparatus, some embodiments can relate to wraps up paper component to be remained required structure and/or contact around its various component.Such as, manufacture filter and/or filter stick can relate to wrap up paper around a series of adjacent filter segment.In some embodiments, can have with the porous mass of wrapping paper parcel and be placed in additional package around it to keep the contact between porous mass and another section of filter.The paper being suitable for manufacturing filter, filter stick and/or smoking apparatus can be included in and relate to any paper of packaging described by porous mass herein.In some embodiments, this paper can comprise additive, sizing agent and/or print paste.
In the manufacture of filter, filter stick and/or smoking apparatus, some embodiments can relate to its adjacent component bonding (such as porous mass is bonded to adjacent filter segment, tobacco column etc., or it being combined).Preferred adhesive can comprise at ambient conditions and/or under burning condition, not give those of smell or fragrance.In some embodiments, packaging and bondingly can to use in the manufacture of filter, filter stick and/or smoking apparatus.
Embodiments more of the present invention can relate to the porous mass rod that providing package is contained in multiple active particle that multiple contact point place is bonded together and binding agent particle; The filter stick do not had with this porous mass rod same composition is provided; Respectively this porous mass rod and filter stick are cut into porous mass section and filter segment; Form the required adjacent configuration comprising multiple sections, the plurality of section comprises at least some porous mass section and at least some filter segment; The required adjacent filter stick length being configured to produce segmentation is fixed with wrapping paper and/or adhesive; And segmentation filter stick length is cut into segmentation filter stick; Wherein carry out the method so that with the speed production segmentation filter stick of about 600 ms/min or lower.Some embodiments can relate to the smoking apparatus being formed and have segmentation filter stick at least partially further.
Term used herein " adjacent configuration " refers to wherein two filter segment (or similar section) and axially aligns to make the configuration of one end of the end thereof contacts second segment of first paragraph.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this adjacent configuration can be continuous print (namely and non-infinite, but very long), there is a large amount of sections, or length is shorter, there are at least two to more sections.
It should be noted that, in certain methods embodiment described in this article, term " segmentation " for clarity sake for modifying various goods, and should be considered as being contained with reference to each embodiment described by the goods (such as filter and filter stick) comprising porous mass herein.
Embodiments more of the present invention can relate to multiple porous mass sections that providing package is contained in multiple active particle that multiple contact point place is bonded together and binding agent particle; The filter segment do not had with this porous mass section same composition is provided; Form the required adjacent configuration comprising multiple sections, the plurality of section comprises at least one porous mass section and at least one filter segment; Section filter or segmentation filter stick length is produced with wrapping paper and/or fixing required adjacent being configured to of adhesive; And wherein carry out the method so that with the speed production section filter of about 600 ms/min or lower or segmentation filter stick.Some embodiments can relate to the smoking apparatus being formed and have this section filter or segmentation filter stick at least partially further.
In some embodiments, aforementioned method of the present invention can adjust to hold three or more filter segment.Such as, the required configuration of filter stick length can be the first porous mass section of series connection, the first filter segment and the second filter segment, the first porous mass section of series connection, the one the second filter segment, the one the first filter segment, the two the second filter segment, the second porous mass section, the three the second filter segment, the two the first filter segment and the four the second filter segment.This type of configuration can be at least one embodiment that can be used for manufacturing the filter comprising three sections, and as shown in Figure 12, Figure 12 describes and filter stick length is cut into filter stick, and cuts twice subsequently again to produce the filter segment comprising three sections.
In some embodiments, capsule can be comprised to be nested between two adjacent segments.Term used herein " nested " or " nested " refer in obtained goods inside and are not directly exposed to the outside of these goods.Therefore, the nested permission adjacent segment contact between two adjacent segments, that is, adjacent.In some embodiments, capsule can be a part.
In some embodiments, filter described herein can adopt known device fabrication, such as, in automation equipment, be greater than about 25 ms/min, and lower for manual production device rate.When productivity ratio can only limit by capacity of equipment, in some embodiments, filter segment described herein can combine with about 25 ms/min or lower, 50 ms/min or lower or 100 ms/min or the lower lower limit speed to about 600 ms/min or lower, about 400 ms/min or lower, about 300 ms/min or lower or about 250 ms/min or the lower upper limit to form filter stick.
In some embodiments, the porous mass used in described in this article filter and/or the manufacture of filter stick can paper using parcel.The breakage that the mechanically actuated that this paper can reduce porous mass in some embodiments causes and particle produce.Be suitable for can including but not limited to the paper protecting porous mass to be combined in operating process wooden base paper, paper containing flax, flax paper, cotton paper, functionalization paper (be such as functionalized reduce tar and/or carbon monoxide those), special marking paper, chromatics paper and any combination thereof.In some embodiments, this paper can be highly porous, ripple and/or have high surface strength.In some embodiments, paper can be essentially no hole, such as, be less than about 10CORESTA unit.
In some embodiments, the filter and/or the filter stick that comprise described porous mass herein directly can be delivered to production line, and they will be combined to form smoking apparatus with tobacco column thus.An example of these class methods comprises the method manufacturing smoking apparatus, comprising: provide filter stick, and this filter stick comprises at least one filter segment comprising described porous mass herein, and described porous mass comprises active particle and binding agent particle; Tobacco column is provided; Perpendicular to its longitudinal axis through this filter stick of heartcut of rod to form at least two filters with at least one filter segment, each filter segment comprises porous mass, and described porous mass comprises active particle and binding agent particle; And along the longitudinal axis of this filter and the longitudinal axis of tobacco column, at least one filter is joined in tobacco column to form at least one smoking apparatus.
In other embodiments, the filter and/or the filter stick that comprise porous mass can be placed in suitable container to store until use further.Suitable reservoir vessel comprise smoking apparatus art of filters normally used those, include but not limited to crate, boxes, bucket, bag, cardboard case etc.
In some embodiments, the filter and/or the smoking apparatus that comprise described porous mass herein can be incorporated in the packaging of filter and/or smoking apparatus.This packaging can be knuckle-joint band lid pack, slip lid packaging, hard cup packaging, soft cup packaging or other suitable packing container any.In some embodiments, this packaging can have external packing, as polypropylene packaging material, and optionally has pulling mouth.In some embodiments, this filter and/or smoking apparatus can as a branch of inside being sealed in packaging.A branch ofly can contain multiple filter and/or smoking apparatus, such as 20 or more.But a branch ofly can comprise single filter and/or smoking apparatus, in some embodiments, this is for sell separately or for preserving local flavor.
In some embodiments, wraparound carton comprises the filter comprising described porous mass herein and/or the smoking apparatus of at least one packaging.In some embodiments, this carton (such as container) has physical integrity to hold the weight from cigarette packets.This can by thicker ivory board (for the formation of this carton) or more firmly adhesive (element for paperboard adhering case) realize.
Because prospective consumers comprises the smoking apparatus of described porous mass herein by inhaling, present invention also offers the method for the described smoking apparatus of suction herein.Such as, in one embodiment, the invention provides the method smoking smoking apparatus, comprising: heat or light smoking apparatus to generate smog, this smoking apparatus comprises at least one filter comprising described porous mass herein; And by this smoking apparatus suction smog, wherein this filter decreases the existence of at least one component in smog compared with not having the filter of this porous mass.
In some embodiments, filter and/or filter stick can comprise porous mass and (have required form, length, girth, void space and encapsulate pressure drop as described herein.Comprise its combination) or to be substantially made up of described porous mass, described porous mass comprises active particle, binding agent particle optionally comprise additive (any combination according to the composition of described active particle, binding agent particle and additive, size, shape and/or concentration) further herein.In some embodiments, the filter according to any one of foregoing embodiments and/or filter stick can comprise the additional filter section (comprising additional porous mass) of requirement and composition further and can have required form, length, girth, encapsulation pressure drop and combination thereof.In some embodiments, filter according to any one of foregoing embodiments and/or filter stick can comprise porous mass, described porous mass comprises active particle and binding agent particle, and this filter has at least one or its any combination of following ingredients:
A () this active particle comprises and is selected from following component: nano-scale carbon particle, there is the CNT of at least one wall, carbon nanohorn, Bamboo-shaped is carbon nano-structured, fullerene, fullerene aggregation, Graphene, the Graphene that layer is little, graphene oxide, ferric oxide nano particles, nano particle, metal nanoparticle, golden nanometer particle, Nano silver grain, metal oxide nanoparticles, alumina nanoparticles, magnetic nano-particle, paramagnetic nanoparticles particle, superparamagnetic nanoparticle, gadolinium oxide nano particle, bloodstone nano particle, magnetite nano particle, gadolinium-nanotube, chamber is embedded in fullerene, Gd@C60, core-shell nano, onion shape nano particle, nanoshell, onion shape ferric oxide nano particles, and any combination,
B () this porous mass has the voidage of about 40% to about 90%;
C () active particle comprises carbon, this porous mass has the carbon load of at least about 6 milligrams/millimeter, and every millimeter of about 20 millimeters of water of porous mass or lower EPD; With
D () this porous mass has the active particle load of at least about 1 milligram/millimeter and every millimeter of about 20 millimeters of water of porous mass or lower EPD.
In some embodiments, the filter according to any one of foregoing embodiments and/or filter stick can be included in herein described smoking apparatus by described any means herein and/or combine and form smoking apparatus with any configuration and use.
For the ease of understanding the present invention better, give preferably or the following example of representative embodiment.The following example should not be read as restriction by any way or limit scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
In the following embodiments, describe porous mass and remove the validity in smoke from cigarette in some component.This porous mass is obtained by the PICARC 259 (95% active carbon) of the GUR2105 from Ticona, LLC of 25 % by weight and the PICA USA from Columbus, OH of 75 % by weight, Inc..This porous mass has the percentage space system of 72% and the encapsulation pressure drop (EPD) of 2.2 millimeters of water/millimeter porous mass length.This porous mass has the girth of about 24.5 millimeters.This PICA RC 259 carbon has the particle mean size of 569 microns (μ).This porous mass by this resin of mixing (GUR 2105) with carbon (PICA RC 259) and subsequently when not filling mould (freely sintering) with this mixture hot mixt applies pressure manufacture adding.Subsequently, by this mold heated to 200 DEG C 40 minutes.Subsequently, from mould, take out this porous mass and make it cool.The restriction length section of porous mass is combined the filter to obtain total encapsulation pressure drop with 70 millimeters of water with the cellulose acetate tow of q.s.All Smoke Detection are carried out according to tobacco business standard.All cigarette all adopts Canadian strict regulation (i.e. T-115, " Determination of " Tar "; Nicotine and CarbonMonoxide in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke ", Health Canada, 1999) and Cerulean 450 smoking machine aspirate.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
In the following embodiments, describe porous mass and remove the validity in smoke from cigarette in some component.This porous mass by 30 % by weight the PICA USA from Columbus, OH of GUR X192 and 70 % by weight of the Ticona from Dallas, TX, the PICA 30 × 70 (60% active carbon) of Inc. obtains.This porous mass has the percentage space system of 75% and the encapsulation pressure drop (EPD) of 3.3 millimeters of water/millimeter porous mass length.This porous mass has the girth of about 24.5 millimeters.This PICA 30 × 70 carbon has the particle mean size of 405 microns (μ).This porous mass by this resin of mixing (GUR X192) with carbon (PICA30 × 70) and subsequently when not filling mould (freely sintering) with this mixture hot mixt applies pressure manufacture adding.Subsequently, by this mold heated to 220 DEG C 60 minutes.Subsequently, from mould, take out this porous mass and make it cool.The restriction length section of porous mass is combined the filter to obtain total encapsulation pressure drop with 70 millimeters of water with the cellulose acetate tow of q.s.All Smoke Detection are carried out according to tobacco business standard.All cigarette all adopts Canadian strict regulation (i.e. T-115, " Determination of " Tar "; Nicotine andCarbon Monoxide in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke ", Health Canada, 1999) and Cerulean 450 smoking machine aspirate.
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
In the following embodiments, describe porous ion-exchange resin material and remove the validity in smoke from cigarette in some component.This porous mass is obtained by the resin based on amine (the AMBERLITE IRA96RF from the Rohm & Haas of Philadelphia, PA) of the GUR 2105 and 80 % by weight from TiconaLLC of 20 % by weight.The cellulose acetate tow (12 millimeters) of 10 of this porous mass millimeters of sections and q.s is combined the filter to obtain total encapsulation pressure drop with 70 millimeters of water.All Smoke Detection are carried out according to tobacco business standard.All cigarette all adopts Canadian strict regulation (i.e. T-115, " Determination of " Tar "; Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide in Mainstream TobaccoSmoke ", Health Canada, 1999) and Cerulean 450 smoking machine aspirate.
Table 7
In the following embodiments, describe porous dry agent material and remove the validity in smoke from cigarette in some component.This porous mass by 20 % by weight the Ticona from Dallas, TX GUR 2105 and 80 % by weight drier (calcium sulfate, the DRIERITE from the W.A.Hammond DRIERITE Co.Ltd. of Xenia, OH) obtain.The cellulose acetate tow (15 millimeters) of 10 of this porous mass millimeters of sections and q.s is combined the filter to obtain total encapsulation pressure drop with 70 millimeters of water.All Smoke Detection are carried out according to tobacco business standard.All cigarette all adopts Canadian strict regulation (i.e. T-115, " Determination of " Tar "; Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide inMainstream Tobacco Smoke ", Health Canada, 1999) and Cerulean 450 smoking machine aspirate.
Table 8
In the following embodiments, tow is carried carbon filter element and porous mass of the present invention compares.This relatively in, compare identical total carbon carrying capacity.In other words, the carbon amounts in each element is identical; Make the length variations of element to obtain the carbon of equivalent.The smoke components change (% changes, relative to conventional cellulose filter) of report is made relative to conventional cellulose filter.All filter tips are made up of carbon element and cellulose acetate tow.The template filter pressure drop obtaining 70 millimeters of water inlayed by the cellulose acetate filtration tow of all sufficient lengths used for filter tip.Total filter length is 20 millimeters (carbon element and tow elements).Carbon is 30 × 70,60% active PICA carbon.All cigarette all adopts Canadian strict regulation (i.e. T-115, " Determination of " Tar "; Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide inMainstream Tobacco Smoke ", Health Canada, 1999) aspirate.
Table 9
In the following embodiments, will with high activity charcoal (95%CCl 4absorption) obtained porous mass with comparatively low activity carbon (60%CCl 4absorption) obtained porous mass compares.10 millimeters of sections of combination filter porous mass add the cellulose acetate manufacture of sufficient length to reach the objective cross encapsulation pressure drop of 69-70 millimeter water.These filters to bond in commodity tobacco column and adopt Canadian strict regulation (i.e. T-115 on Cerulean SM 450 smoking machines, " Determination of " Tar "; Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide inMainstream Tobacco Smoke ", Health Canada, 1999) aspirate.High activity charcoal is PICA RC 259, granularity 20 × 50,95% activity (CCl 4absorption).Low activity charcoal makes PICA PCA, granularity 30 × 70,60% activity (CCl 4absorption).The carbon carrying capacity of each porous mass element is 18.2 milligrams/millimeter (low activity charcoals) and 16.7 milligrams/millimeter (high activity charcoal).This data are reported relative to conventional cellulose filter.
Table 10
Carbonyls 60% active carbon (% change) 95% active carbon (% change)
Formaldehyde -100.0 -100.0
Acetaldehyde -65.8 -37.0
Acetone -89.9 -83.0
Propionic aldehyde -91.0 -84.0
Crotonaldehyde -100.0 -100.0
Butyraldehyde -100.0 -100.0
Methyl ethyl ketone -100.0 -88.0
Methacrylaldehyde -90.7 -87.0
Table 11
Other compound 60% active carbon (% change) 95% active carbon (% change)
Benzene 2.6 -72.0
1,3 butadiene -3.2 -26.0
Benzo [a] pyrene -100.0 -100.0
In the following embodiments, the effect of granularity to encapsulation pressure drop (EPD) is described.By the mixture of carbon and resin (GUR 2105) to be added in mould and heat (freely sintering) this mixture 40 minutes at 200 DEG C, the porous mass of the carbon with various granularity is molded as rod (length=39 millimeter, girth=24.5 millimeter) thus.Subsequently, from mould, take out this porous mass and make it be cooled to room temperature.EPD is measured to 10 porous masses and is averaged.
Table 12
In the following embodiments, porous mass as shown in Table 1-3 can be used for the filter that this type of porous mass is obtained the cigarette that manufacture meets the cigarette standard of WHO (WHO) for showing.WHO standard can No. 951st, WHO technical report series, and TheScientific Basis of Tobacco Product Regulation, WHO (2008), table 3.10, finds in the 112nd page.The result reported below shows, this porous mass can be used for the component enumerated being reduced to the level of recommending lower than WHO from tobacco smoke.
Table 13
1based on Counts, the people such as ME, (2004) Mainstream smoke toxicant yieldsand predicting relationships from a worldwide market sample ofcigarette brands:ISO smoking conditions, Regulatory Toxicology andPharmacology, the people such as 39:111-134 and Counts ME, (2005) Smokecomposition and predicting relationships for international commercialcigarettes smoked with three machine-smoking conditions, RegulatoryToxicology and Pharmacology, the information of data in 41:185-227.
2% available from upper table 1-3 reduces.
In the following embodiments, the porous mass that its ion exchange resin of display in table 4 is used as active particle is used for display, can be used for the filter that this type of porous mass is obtained the cigarette that manufacture meets the cigarette standard of WHO (WHO).WHO standard can No. 951st, WHO technical report series, and The Scientific Basis of Tobacco ProductRegulation, WHO (2008), table 3.10, finds in the 112nd page.The result reported below shows, this porous mass can be used for some component being reduced to the level of recommending lower than WHO from tobacco smoke.
Table 14
1based on Counts, the people such as ME, (2004) Mainstream smoke toxicant yieldsand predicting relationships from a worldwide market sample ofcigarette brands:ISO smoking conditions, Regulatory Toxicology andPharmacology, the people such as 39:111-134 and Counts ME, (2005) Smokecomposition and predicting relationships for international commercialcigarettes smoked with three machine-smoking conditions, RegulatoryToxicology and Pharmacology, the information of data in 41:185-227.
2% available from upper table 4 reduces.
In the following embodiments, encapsulation pressure drop is measured to filter.This porous mass passes through the binding agent particle (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) of required weight ratio and active particle (carbon) to mix in rolling type tank until fully mixing is formed.The stainless steel tube of length 120 millimeters, internal diameter 7.747 millimeters and girth 24.34 millimeters forms mould.The circumference standard non-porous filter filter stick packing material liner of each mould.Install with mold bottom of fitting in bottom, this mixture is placed in paper inner lining mould to arrive the top of this mould subsequently.This mould tamped on rubber stopper (attack) ten times and bind subsequently again to arrive paper top in a mold, and attack three times.Die top seals subsequently and to be placed in stove and not to execute at the temperature being heated to 220 DEG C in stressed situation 25 to 45 minutes, and this depends on molecular weight and the heat transfer of Design of Dies, binding agent particle.Encapsulation pressure drop is measured in units of millimeter water.Those components of this mixture and test result are set forth in following table 15-20 hereinafter.The polyethylene binder particle used comes from Ticona Polymers LLC (department of the CelaneseCorporation of Dallas, TX) with following trade name, and molecular weight is in bracket: 2126 (about 4 × 10 6gram/mol), 4050-3 (about 8-9 × 10 6gram/mol), 2105 (about 0.47 × 10 6gram/mol), x192 (about 0.60 × 10 6gram/mol), 4012 (about 1.5 × 10 6gram/mol) and 4022-6 (about 4 × 10 6gram/mol).
Table 15
Comparative example
Table 16
Comparative example
Table 17
Porous mass described herein
* wherein NA points out, rod is not made up of these unit.
Table 18
Porous mass described herein
* wherein NA points out, rod is not made up of these unit.
Table 19
Porous mass described herein
1this binding agent blend is 2105 with the 1:1 weight mixture of X192.
Table 20
Additional comparative example
By the data of display in the additional EPD Self-adaptive Fig. 6 to 9 carried out porous mass described herein based on carbon carrying capacity and comparative sample.This porous mass is by (being specially ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene by the binding agent particle of required weight ratio, being selected from 2105, x192, 4012 Hes 8020) and active particle (carbon) mixes in rolling type tank until fully mixing is formed.The stainless steel tube of about 120 millimeters of length, internal diameter 7.747 millimeters and girth about 24.5 millimeters (theories) or about 17.4 (theories) forms mould.The circumference standard non-porous filter filter stick packing material liner of each mould.Install with mold bottom of fitting in bottom, this mixture is placed in paper inner lining mould to arrive the top of this mould subsequently.This mould tamped on rubber stopper (attack) ten times and bind subsequently again to arrive paper top in a mold, and attack three times.Die top seals subsequently and to be placed in stove and not to execute at the temperature being heated to 220 DEG C in stressed situation 25 to 45 minutes, and this depends on Design of Dies, molecular weight and heat transfer.Filter length is cut to 100 millimeters subsequently.The girth of the filter of report test.These are round-shaped substantially.In units of millimeter water, encapsulation pressure drop is measured according to CORESTA flow process.
Fig. 6 is display average perimeter is the file that the tow of about 24.5 millimeters carries the contrast of the result of the encapsulation pressure fall-off test of carbon filter.
Fig. 7 shows the result that average perimeter is the encapsulation pressure fall-off test of the porous mass filter of the present invention (comprising polyethylene and carbon) of about 24.5 millimeters.
Fig. 8 is display average perimeter is the file that the tow of about 16.9 millimeters carries the contrast of the result of the encapsulation pressure fall-off test of carbon filter.
Fig. 9 shows the result that average perimeter is the encapsulation pressure fall-off test of the porous mass filter of the present invention (comprising polyethylene and carbon) of about 16.9 millimeters.
In the following embodiments, porous mass section and cellulose acetate filtration device section combine and subsequently for the manufacture of section filter and optionally, can comprise the segmentation filter stick of the cigarette of section filter to obtain.The porous mass rod used in this embodiment and cellulose acetate filtration rod have the size of about 23.75 millimeters (+/-0.15 millimeter) girths and about 120 mm lengths.Referring now to Figure 10 (manufacturing the figure of the process of section filter in this embodiment), cellulose acetate filtration rod 10101012 is cut into 8 sections (separately about 15 millimeters) to obtain cellulose acetate section 1014, and porous mass rod 1012 is cut into 10 sections (separately about 12 millimeters) to obtain porous mass section 1016.This section 1014,1016 is alignd end-to-end with alternate configuration subsequently, presses together, and the sheet package being used in applying glue in same production line is to obtain section filter length 1018.This section filter length 1018 is cut subsequently, to obtain the segmentation filter stick 1020 with cellulose acetate section 1014 part being placed in each end near the centre of every 4th cellulose acetate fragment 1014.Other size that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that cellulose acetate section and porous mass section and the structure of benefiting from present disclosure can be used for obtaining section filter length, and subsequently can in the cutting of any some place to obtain required segmentation filter stick, such as segmentation filter stick 1020 '.
In this embodiment, use and carried out minimal modifications to adapt to the weight of this porous mass and mechanical length instrument (filter in conjunction with machine, can available from InternationalTobacco Machine group) manufactures and above describes and the segmentation filter stick 1020 shown in fig. 11.Achieve the highest 400 ms/min in conjunction with speed.Observe be cut into pieces, sheet package and applying glue step carry out without any problems.Also observe, the Dust Capacity that this porous mass of mechanically actuated produces is less than and uses Dalmatian filter stick to substitute usual the produced Dust Capacity of porous mass filter stick in conjunction with machine.In addition, during the segmentation filter stick that visual examination obtains, the pollution (if exist) of the dust produced by mechanically actuated porous mass to cellulose acetate section reaches bottom line.
Therefore, the present invention is very suitable for obtaining the result and advantage and those intrinsic results and advantage mentioned herein.Disclosed particular is only illustrative above, because can with for benefiting from apparent difference those skilled in the art of instructing herein but the mode of equivalence to be modified to the present invention and put into practice.In addition, not for limiting, except what describe in the following claims the details of the structure shown herein or design.Therefore, it is obvious that, above disclosed specific illustrative embodiment can change, combine or revise, this type of changes all are regarded as in scope of the present invention and spirit.Illustrative disclosed the present invention herein can suitably when do not exist any herein with no specific disclosure of key element and/or any optional key element disclosed herein implement.When describing composition and method in " comprising ", " containing " or " comprising " various component or step, said composition and method also can " be made up of various component and step " or " being made up of various component and step " substantially.Disclosed all numerals and scope can carry out a certain amount of change above.When openly there is the number range of lower limit and the upper limit, specifically disclose and drop on any numeral within the scope of this and any scope contained.Especially, (its form is " about a to about b " to each number range disclosed herein, or equivalently " by about a to b ", or equivalently " about a-b ") be interpreted as listing each numeral and scope of containing in wider number range.In addition, the term in claims has its usual, common implication, unless clearly and clearly made separate stipulations by patentee.In addition, the indefinite article " " used in claim or " one " are defined as one (kind) or more than one (kind) of the element referring to introducing in this article.If there is any repugnance with the use that may be incorporated to word or term in one or more patents herein or other document by reference in this manual, the definition consistent with this description should be adopted.

Claims (3)

1. a method, comprising:
There is provided porous mass rod, it is included in multiple active particle and binding agent particle that multiple contact point place is bonded together;
The filter stick do not had with this porous mass rod same composition is provided;
Respectively this porous mass rod and filter stick are cut into porous mass section and filter segment;
Form the required adjacent configuration comprising multiple sections, the plurality of section comprises at least some porous mass section and at least some filter segment;
The required adjacent filter stick length being configured to produce segmentation is fixed with wrapping paper; And
Segmentation filter stick length is cut into segmentation filter stick;
The step of wherein carrying out being formed, fix and cutting is so that with the speed production segmentation filter stick of about 25 ms/min or larger.
2. a method, comprising:
There is provided porous mass rod, it is included in multiple active particle and binding agent particle that multiple contact point place is bonded together;
The filter stick do not had with this porous mass rod same composition is provided;
Respectively this porous mass rod and filter stick are cut into porous mass section and filter segment;
Form the required adjacent configuration comprising multiple sections, the plurality of section comprises at least some porous mass section and at least some filter segment;
The required adjacent filter stick length being configured to produce segmentation is fixed with adhesive; And
Segmentation filter stick length is cut into segmentation filter stick;
The step of wherein carrying out being formed, fix and cutting is so that with the speed production segmentation filter stick of about 25 ms/min or larger.
3. the segmentation filter stick obtained by the following method:
There is provided multiple porous mass section, it is included in multiple active particle and binding agent particle that multiple contact point place is bonded together;
The filter segment do not had with this porous mass section same composition is provided;
Form the required adjacent configuration comprising multiple sections, the plurality of section comprises at least one porous mass section and at least one filter segment;
The required adjacent filter stick length being configured to produce segmentation is fixed with adhesive; And
Segmentation filter stick length is cut into segmentation filter stick;
This segmentation filter stick is cut into section filter;
Wherein carry out being formed, the step of fixing and cutting section filter stick length is so that with the speed production segmentation filter stick of about 25 ms/min or larger.
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