Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of alumina ceramic material, the method with the large aluminous fly-ash of stock number for raw material (alumina content 30 ~ 50wt%), effective hydrometallurgical process is carried out to it, i.e. pre-desiliconizing and acid activation process, alumina content in aluminous fly-ash is improved (generally can reach 50 ~ 80wt%) greatly, further with this pretreated aluminous fly-ash for main raw material prepares alumina ceramic material, do not need additionally to add other aluminium sources again, in preparation process, maturing temperature is obviously reduced simultaneously, save cost, the method parameter controllability is strong simultaneously, repeatable high, obtained good product consistency, wear resistance and stability high.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of alumina ceramic material is characterized in that, this alumina ceramic material is prepared by mass percentage by following raw material:
Aluminous fly-ash 94.46-97.45%
Light calcium carbonate 0.13-1.57%,
Magnesiumcarbonate 2.42-3.97%.
Wherein, the mass percent of aluminous fly-ash such as 94.46%, 95%, 95.3%, 95.5%, 95.7%, 96%, 96.3%, 96.5%, 96.7%, 97%, 97.3% or 97.45% etc.
The mass percent such as 0.13%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 1.5% or 1.57% etc. of light calcium carbonate.
The mass percent such as 2.42%, 2.5%, 2.7%, 3%, 3.3%, 3.5%, 3.7% or 3.97% etc. of magnesiumcarbonate.The preparation method of alumina ceramic material of the present invention, step is as follows:
(1) aluminous fly-ash carried out pre-treatment and wash, to filter and dry;
(2) also grinding dry after above-mentioned dried aluminous fly-ash, water, dispersion agent and binding agent ball milling is obtained powder;
(3) powder sieves, adds releasing agent after deironing and mix, and is then pressed into base substrate;
(4) base substrate carries out high temperature sintering under an increased pressure, to obtain final product.
Aluminous fly-ash is placed in alkaline solution and heats up, stirs and react by described pre-desiliconizing reaction.
In the reaction of described pre-desiliconizing alkaline solution be sodium hydroxide solution or/and potassium hydroxide solution, the such as mixing solutions of sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, preferred sodium hydroxide solution.
In described pre-desiliconizing reaction, the concentration of alkaline solution is 15-20%, such as 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19% or 20% etc.
In described pre-desiliconizing reaction, the liquid-solid ratio of alkali lye and aluminous fly-ash is 0.5:1-3:1, such as 0.5:1,0.7:1,1:1,1.3:1,1.5:1,1.7:1,2:1,2.3:1,2.5:1,2.7:1 or 3:1 etc.
In described pre-desiliconizing reaction, stir speed (S.S.) is 450-750r/min, such as 450r/min, 500r/min, 550r/min, 600r/min, 650r/min, 700r/min or 750r/min etc.
In the reaction of described pre-desiliconizing, temperature of reaction is 90-120 DEG C, such as 90 DEG C, 95 DEG C, 100 DEG C, 105 DEG C, 110 DEG C, 115 DEG C or 120 DEG C etc.
In described pre-desiliconizing reaction, the reaction times is 0.5-5h, such as 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 3.5h, 4h, 4.5h or 5h etc.
Reacted for pre-desiliconizing flyash filters by described acid activation reaction, washing is placed on intensification in acid solution, stirring is reacted.
In described acid activation reaction, acid solution is the composition of any one or at least two kinds in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or acetic acid, the typical but non-limiting example of described combination has: the combination of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid changes the combination with the combination of acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and acetic acid, preferred hydrochloric acid.
In described acid activation reaction, acid solutions is 5-20%, such as 5%, 7%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 17% or 20% etc.
In described acid activation reaction, reinforced liquid-solid ratio is 1:1-3:1, such as 1:1,1.3:1,1.5:1,1.7:1,2:1,2.3:1,2.5:1,2.7:1 or 3:1 etc.
In described acid activation reaction, stir speed (S.S.) is 450 ~ 750r/min, such as 450r/min, 500r/min, 550r/min, 600r/min, 650r/min, 700r/min or 750r/min etc.
In described acid activation reaction, temperature of reaction is 60 ~ 95 DEG C, such as 60 DEG C, 65 DEG C, 70 DEG C, 75 DEG C, 80 DEG C, 85 DEG C, 90 DEG C or 95 DEG C etc.
In described acid activation reaction, the reaction times is 0.5 ~ 2h, such as 0.5h, 0.7h, 1h, 1.3h, 1.5h, 1.7h or 2h etc.
Described dispersion agent is ISOBAM-110.
The quality of described dispersion agent is the 0.01-0.03% of above-mentioned raw materials total mass, such as 0.01%, 0.02% or 0.03% etc.
Described binding agent is ISOBAM-104.
The quality of described binding agent is the 0.01-0.03% of above-mentioned raw materials total mass, such as 0.01%, 0.02% or 0.03% etc.
The mass ratio 3.8-4.2:0.9-1.1:0.7-0.9 of mill ball, raw material and water in described mechanical milling process, such as 3.8:0.9:0.7,4:1:0.8,4.1:1.1:0.9 or 4.2:1.1:0.9 etc.
Described mill ball is that one or both in alumina balls or agate ball mix in any proportion.
In described mechanical milling process, slurry granularity is D50 is 1.31-1.45 μm, such as 1.31 μm, 1.4 μm, 1.41 μm, 1.42 μm, 1.43 μm, 1.44 μm or 1.45 μm etc., D90 is 1.87-2.14 μm, such as 1.87 μm, 1.9 μm, 1.93 μm, 1.95 μm, 1.97 μm, 2 μm, 2.1 μm or 2.14 μm etc.
Described releasing agent is Magnesium Stearate and/or barium stearate.
The quality of described releasing agent is the 0.4-0.8% of above-mentioned raw materials total mass, such as 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7% or 0.8% etc.
Described mechanical milling process is that above-mentioned raw materials and dispersion agent are placed in ball grinder, take water as dispersion medium, carries out first time ball milling, then add binding agent, then carries out second time ball milling 7-9h and obtain slurry.
Described first time, Ball-milling Time was 38-42h, such as 38h, 39h, 40h, 41h or 42h etc.
Described second time Ball-milling Time is 7-9h, such as 7h, 8h or 9h etc.
Drying temperature in described step (2) after powder ball milling is 75-85 DEG C, such as 75 DEG C, 77 DEG C, 79 DEG C, 80 DEG C, 83 DEG C or 85 DEG C etc.
Time of drying in described step (2) after powder ball milling is 20-28h, such as 20h, 21h, 22h, 23h, 24h, 25h, 26h, 27h or 28h etc.
In described step (2), milling time is 1-2h, such as 1h, 1.1h, 1.3h, 1.5h, 1.7h or 2h etc.
In described step (3), after grinding, powder crosses 200 mesh sieves and deironing.
The pressure of described base substrate compacting is 4.0-6.0MPa, such as 4.0MPa, 4.3MPa, 4.5MPa, 4.7MPa, 5MPa, 5.3MPa, 5.5MPa, 5.7MPa or 6MPa etc.
In described step (3), the base substrate dwell time is 50-70s, such as 50s, 55s, 60s, 65s or 70s etc.
Described step (4) sintering carries out under pressure 0.2-0.4MPa condition, such as 0.2MPa, 0.25MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.35MPa or 0.4MPa etc.
The temperature of described high temperature sintering is 1100-1200 DEG C, such as 1100 DEG C, 1110 DEG C, 1120 DEG C, 1130 DEG C, 1140 DEG C, 1150 DEG C, 1160 DEG C, 1170 DEG C, 1180 DEG C, 1190 DEG C or 1200 DEG C etc.
The time of the high temperature sintering of described step (4) is 2-4h, such as 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 3.5h or 4h etc.
Described dispersion agent and binding agent are purchased from Kuraray company.
The preferred deionized water of described water.
When prepared by powder, the mode of abrasive material has important impact to the granularity of powder and homogeneity.The present invention adopts the mode of wet-milling, and introducing novel dispersant ISOBAM-110, take deionized water as ball-milling medium, ball milling under the atmosphere of liquid phase, and due to the effect of surface tension and dispersion agent, the ball milling that improve powder is active; And according to choosing the difference of concrete raw material and formula, by many experiments determination water pellet ratio and Ball-milling Time, make ball milling more abundant, the powder granularity obtained like this is even, good dispersity, particle size is little, and the material obtained after forming and sintering becomes porcelain good, and consistence is good, sintering temperature is low, and stability is high.
The present invention is when powder is shaping, introduce novel ISOBAM-104 binding agent, appropriate Magnesium Stearate or barium stearate is adopted to be releasing agent, when ensureing that powder is shaping while base substrate integrity, homogeneity, also effectively eliminate the bonding of base substrate and compression mold, economically consider, not only extend the mold use life-span; And instead of traditional polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binding agent with ISOBAM-104, consumption is few, and better effects if, cost is lower, is easy to scale operation.
When blank sintering, the present invention designs targetedly according to the kind of additive and content and optimizes sintering procedure, reduces maturing temperature, the heat-up rate in conservative control each stage and soaking time by pressurization, the various organic additive of effective eliminating, eliminates the pore in ceramic body.Obtain the material that sintering temperature is low, density is high, physical strength is high.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
Be unique aluminium source with aluminous fly-ash, without the need to additional any high aluminum mineral.The present invention is raw material with aluminous fly-ash, and can realize increasing substantially of alumina content after hydrometallurgical process can reach 50 ~ 80wt%, without the need to expending the precious resources such as commercial alumina or higher-grade bauxite.The present invention simultaneously reduces maturing temperature when blank sintering by pressurization, makes maturing temperature obtain obvious reduction, and product performance also obtain strong lifting simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
Pre-desiliconizing react: aluminous fly-ash is placed in 20% sodium hydroxide solution, liquid-solid ratio is 3:1, heats up 100 DEG C, with 450r/min stirring 5h react.
Acid activation is reacted: filtered reacted for pre-desiliconizing flyash, washing is placed in the hydrochloric acid soln of 10%, liquid-solid ratio 3:1, heats up 95 DEG C, to stir with 750r/min to carry out after 0.5h reacts filtering, drying.
Take the pretreated flyash of 9446kg, 157kg light calcium carbonate, 397kg magnesiumcarbonate, 3kgISOBAM-110 respectively, be placed in polyurethane ball-milling pot, adding 7780kg deionized water is dispersion medium, ball milling 38h; Then add 3kgISOBAM-104, ball milling 7h obtains slurry again; It is 1.31 μm that slurry granularity reaches D50, and when D90 is 1.87 μm, dry 20h at temperature 75 DEG C also crosses 200 mesh sieves, deironing and obtains powder after grinding 1h; In powder, add 60kg Magnesium Stearate, mix; Under the pressure of 4.0MPa, the dwell time is 50s, is pressed into base substrate; By base substrate in the lower 1200 DEG C of high temperature sintering 3h of 0.2MPa condition, to obtain final product.
In mechanical milling process, mill ball is alumina balls, and the quality of alumina balls is 42234kg.
Particular product performance parameters is: density 4.32g/cm3 ± 0.5%, and hardness is 121HRA ± 1.5%, and linear shrinkage is 25.1% ± 1%, and the abrasion adopting the NMJ-02 model fret wear test machine of Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research's development to record are 0.21cm
3± 0.5%.
Embodiment 2:
Pre-desiliconizing react: aluminous fly-ash is placed in 15% sodium hydroxide solution, liquid-solid ratio is 0.5:1, heats up 120 DEG C, with 750r/min stirring 5h react.
Acid activation is reacted: filtered reacted for pre-desiliconizing flyash, washing is placed in the hydrochloric acid soln of 5%, liquid-solid ratio 1:1, heats up 60 DEG C, to stir with 750r/min to carry out after 2h reacts filtering, drying.
Take the pretreated flyash of 9745kg, 13kg light calcium carbonate, 242kg magnesiumcarbonate, 2kgISOBAM-110 respectively, be placed in polyurethane ball-milling pot, adding 8000kg deionized water is dispersion medium, ball milling 40h; Then add 2kgISOBAM-104, ball milling 8h obtains slurry again; It is 1.45 μm that slurry granularity reaches D50, and when D90 is 2.14 μm, dry 24h at temperature 80 DEG C also crosses 200 mesh sieves, deironing and obtains powder after grinding 2h; In powder, add 40kg barium stearate, mix; Under the pressure of 5.0MPa, the dwell time is 1min, is pressed into base substrate; By base substrate in the lower 1100 DEG C of high temperature sintering 4h of 0.2MPa condition, to obtain final product.
In mechanical milling process, mill ball is agate ball, and the quality of agate ball is 40000kg.
The performance perameter of product is: density 4.11g/cm3 ± 0.5%, and hardness is 125HRA ± 1.5%, and linear shrinkage is 26.1% ± 1%, and the abrasion adopting the NMJ-02 model fret wear test machine of Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research's development to record are 0.22cm
3± 0.5%.
Embodiment 3:
Pre-desiliconizing react: aluminous fly-ash is placed in 17% potassium hydroxide solution, liquid-solid ratio is 2:1, heats up 90 DEG C, with 650r/min stirring 2h react.
Acid activation is reacted: filtered reacted for pre-desiliconizing flyash, washing is placed in the hydrochloric acid soln of 20%, liquid-solid ratio 2:1, heats up 75 DEG C, to stir with 650r/min to carry out after 2h reacts filtering, drying.
Take the pretreated flyash of 9665kg, 90kg light calcium carbonate, 324kg magnesiumcarbonate, 1kgISOBAM-110 respectively, be placed in polyurethane ball-milling pot, adding 8180kg deionized water is dispersion medium, ball milling 42h; Then add 1kgISOBAM-104, ball milling 9h obtains slurry again; It is 1.42 μm that slurry granularity reaches D50, and when D90 is 2.03 μm, dry 28h at temperature 85 DEG C also crosses 200 mesh sieves, deironing and obtains powder after grinding 1.5h; In powder, add 80kg Magnesium Stearate, mix; Under the pressure of 6.0MPa, the dwell time is 70s, is pressed into base substrate; By base substrate in the lower 1150 DEG C of high temperature sintering 2h of 0.3MPa condition, to obtain final product.
In mechanical milling process, mill ball is alumina balls and agate ball is that 1:1 mixes with mass ratio, and the total mass of alumina balls and agate ball is 38173kg.
The performance perameter of product is: density 4.23g/cm3 ± 0.5%, hardness is 118HRA ± 1.5%, linear shrinkage is 27.2% ± 1%, and the abrasion adopting the NMJ-02 model fret wear test machine of Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research's development to record are 0.17cm3 ± 0.5%.
Embodiment 4:
Pre-desiliconizing reaction and acid activation react in the same manner as in Example 1.
Take the pretreated flyash of 9550kg, 142kg light calcium carbonate, 304kg magnesiumcarbonate, 2kgISOBAM-110 respectively, be placed in polyurethane ball-milling pot, adding 9000kg deionized water is dispersion medium, ball milling 40h; Then add 2kgISOBAM-104, ball milling 8h obtains slurry again; It is 1.32 μm that slurry granularity reaches D50, and when D90 is 2.08 μm, dry 24h at temperature 75 DEG C also crosses 200 mesh sieves, deironing and obtains powder after grinding 1h; In powder, add 50kg barium stearate, mix; Under the pressure of 6.0MPa, the dwell time is 1min, is pressed into base substrate; By base substrate in the lower 1200 DEG C of high temperature sintering 4h of 0.4MPa, to obtain final product.
In mechanical milling process, mill ball is alumina balls, and the quality of alumina balls is 42000kg.
The performance perameter of product is: density 4.33g/cm3 ± 0.5%, hardness is 123HRA ± 1.5%, linear shrinkage is 27.3% ± 1%, and the abrasion adopting the NMJ-02 model fret wear test machine of Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research's development to record are 0.19cm3 ± 0.5%.
Embodiment 5:
Pre-desiliconizing reaction and acid activation react in the same manner as in Example 1.
Take the pretreated flyash of 9670kg, 138kg light calcium carbonate, 247kg magnesiumcarbonate, 2kgISOBAM-110 respectively, be placed in polyurethane ball-milling pot, adding 8060kg deionized water is dispersion medium, ball milling 42h; Then add 1kgISOBAM-104, ball milling 9h obtains slurry again; It is 1.44 μm that slurry granularity reaches D50, and when D90 is 2.10 μm, dry 22h at temperature 85 DEG C also crosses 200 mesh sieves, deironing and obtains powder after grinding h; In powder, add 70kg Magnesium Stearate, mix; Under the pressure of 5.0MPa, the dwell time is 70s, is pressed into base substrate; By base substrate in the lower 1150 DEG C of high temperature sintering 3h of 0.3MPa, to obtain final product.
In mechanical milling process, mill ball is agate ball, and the quality of agate ball is 42315kg.
The performance perameter of product is: density 4.6g/cm
3± 0.5%, hardness is 124HRA ± 1.5%, and linear shrinkage is 25.6% ± 1%, and the abrasion adopting the NMJ-02 model fret wear test machine of Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research's development to record are 0.21cm
3± 0.5%.
Comparative example 1: with the embodiment 1 in patent CN103435335A as a comparison case.
Product performance test result in embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1 is listed in table 1.
Product performance test chart in table 1: embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1
As can be seen from the table, the performance of the product prepared by the present invention is greatly improved, and is simultaneously unique aluminium source with aluminous fly-ash, without the need to additional any high aluminum mineral.The present invention is raw material with aluminous fly-ash, and can realize increasing substantially of alumina content after hydrometallurgical process can reach 50 ~ 80wt%, without the need to expending the precious resources such as commercial alumina or higher-grade bauxite.The present invention simultaneously reduces maturing temperature when blank sintering by pressurization, makes maturing temperature obtain obvious reduction.
Applicant states, the present invention illustrates method detailed of the present invention by above-described embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned method detailed, does not namely mean that the present invention must rely on above-mentioned method detailed and could implement.Person of ordinary skill in the field should understand, any improvement in the present invention, to equivalence replacement and the interpolation of ancillary component, the concrete way choice etc. of each raw material of product of the present invention, all drops within protection scope of the present invention and open scope.