CN104375188B - Seismic wave transmission attenuation compensation method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a seismic wave transmission attenuation compensation method and device. The method comprises the first step of obtaining vertical component data of vertical seismic data, the second step of obtaining the interval velocity of the vertical seismic data based on first arrival of longitudinal waves, the third step of conducting normalization processing on the vertical component data to obtain a total energy attenuation coefficient sequence, the fourth step of converting the vertical component data in a time domain into seismic data in a depth domain, the fifth step of obtaining a spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient sequence and a stratum absorption attenuation coefficient sequence of the seismic data in the depth domain, and the sixth step of using a result obtained by dividing a total energy attenuation coefficient by the product of the spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient sequence and the stratum absorption attenuation coefficient sequence as a stratum transmission coefficient, obtaining energy compensation for seismic wave transmission attenuation according to the stratum transmission coefficient and conducting transmission attenuation compensation on the seismic data. Through utilization of all embodiments involved in the method, effective and reliable energy compensation for stratum transmission attenuation can be obtained, and the stratum transmission coefficient is used for amplitude recovery processing on the seismic data.

Description

A kind of seismic transmission attenuation compensation method and device

Technical field

The application belongs to seismic data process field in geophysical exploration, and more particularly, to a kind of seismic transmission decay is mended Compensation method and device.

Background technology

During seismic wave is propagated in the earth formation, energy can gradually weaken.Under most of geological conditions, affect earthquake The factor of energy decays mainly includes spherical diffusion decay, Earth's absorption and attenuation and the Transmission Attenuation of seismic wave.These decay The recovery of seismic wave energy during follow-up data is processed will be affected, the research to reservoir attribute has very important meaning.

One or several high-amplitude wave impedance layers often occur in some regional bed successions, this feature can cause sternly The seismic transmission of weight is decayed so that the effective seismic wave under layer is faint, and for example more representational is igneous rock High speed Screen theory.At present, spherical diffusion, the calculating of two kinds of attenuation coefficients of formation absorption and compensation method are more ripe, so And, there is no the computational methods that real ripe, effective Transmission Attenuation compensates.

The energy that the Transmission Attenuation compensation method commonly used at present is mainly based upon on the seismic profile that mathematical statistics is carried out is put down Weighing apparatus, but the method is only having certain restitution for weaker seismic wave energy, and applicability is limited.More importantly above-mentioned The estimated performance amount that method is only based on mathematical statistics compensates, and is not to obtain according to the real rule of stratum Transmission Attenuation There is very big uncertainty in offset, therefore compensation result.

Content of the invention

The application purpose is to provide a kind of seismic transmission attenuation compensation method and device, can be used for calculating acquisition ground The energy loss that seismic wave causes because of transmission, improves the computational accuracy of energy compensating and the reliability of result of calculation.

A kind of seismic transmission attenuation compensation method and device that the application provides is realized in：

A kind of seismic transmission attenuation compensation method, methods described includes：

S1：Obtain vertical seismic data, and carry out the vertical component data that sorting process obtains described vertical seismic data；

S2：Pick up the compressional wave first arrival of described vertical seismic data, described vertical seismic number is obtained based on described compressional wave first arrival According to interval velocity；

S3：To described vertical component number on the basis of the energy of the minimum wave detector of geophone offset in described vertical component data According to being normalized, obtain gross energy attenuation coefficient sequence；

S4：Described vertical component data is converted to by the interval velocity using the described vertical seismic data obtaining from time-domain The geological data of Depth Domain；

S5：Obtain described Depth Domain geological data spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient sequence and Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence；

S6：With described gross energy attenuation coefficient sequence divided by described spherical diffusion decay sequence and described Earth's absorption and attenuation The result that the product of coefficient sequence obtains, as stratum transmission coefficient, obtains seismic transmission based on described stratum transmission coefficient and declines The energy compensating subtracting, carries out Transmission Attenuation compensation to geological data.

In preferred embodiment, after obtaining described vertical seismic data, methods described also includes：

S101：Described vertical seismic data is preferably repeated with big gun process；

Accordingly, the described vertical component data obtaining vertical seismic data includes obtaining hanging down after preferably repeating big gun process The vertical component data of straight geological data.

In preferred embodiment, after obtaining described vertical component data, methods described also includes：

S102：Obtain the monitoring signature record corresponding to described vertical component data, and using described monitoring obtaining Ripple record carries out energy difference correction between big gun to described vertical component data.

A kind of seismic transmission means for compensation of loss, described device includes：

Obtain and pretreatment module, for obtaining vertical seismic data, described vertical seismic data is pre-processed, and Obtain the vertical component data of described vertical seismic data；

Interval velocity acquisition module, for picking up the compressional wave first arrival of described vertical seismic data, is obtained based on described compressional wave first arrival Take the interval velocity of described vertical seismic data；

Data conversion module, for the interval velocity using the described vertical seismic data obtaining by described vertical component data Be converted to the geological data of Depth Domain from time-domain；

Gross energy decay calculation module, for the energy of the wave detector of geophone offset minimum in described vertical component data being Benchmark is normalized to described vertical component data, obtains gross energy attenuation coefficient；

Diffusive attenuation computing module, for obtaining the spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient of described Depth Domain geological data；

Attenuation by absorption computing module, for obtaining described Depth Domain geological data Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient；

Transmission Attenuation compensation calculation module, for declining the described gross energy attenuation coefficient obtaining divided by described spherical diffusion Subtract the result obtaining with the product of described Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient as stratum transmission coefficient, based on described stratum transmission coefficient Obtain the energy compensating of seismic transmission decay.

A kind of seismic transmission attenuation compensation method described herein adopts sorting process to obtain vertical seismic data Vertical component data, is then converted into the geological data of Depth Domain, obtains the spherical diffusion of described Depth Domain geological data Attenuation coefficient sequence and Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence.By the gross energy being calculated described vertical seismic data is decayed Coefficient obtains stratum transmission coefficient sequence, base divided by described spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient sequence and Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence Obtain the energy compensating of seismic transmission decay in described stratum transmission coefficient, Transmission Attenuation compensation is carried out to geological data.This Apply for the basic thought based on the conservation of energy for the stratum transmission coefficient calculating, the Transmission Attenuation energy compensating result of calculating has Effect, reliability, can improve the accuracy to earthquake data capacity attenuation analysis and amplitude compensation.

Brief description

In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present application or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing Have technology description in required use accompanying drawing be briefly described it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description be only this Some embodiments described in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise not paying creative labor Under, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a kind of a kind of method flow schematic diagram of embodiment of the application seismic transmission attenuation compensation method；

Fig. 2 is the data record before vertical component data correction described herein；

Carry out the vertical component data after geophone offset energy difference correction using the monitoring wavelet of vertical component in Fig. 3 the application Record figure；

Fig. 4 is a kind of a kind of modular structure schematic diagram of embodiment of the application seismic transmission means for compensation of loss；

Fig. 5 is a kind of modular structure schematic diagram of the application seismic transmission means for compensation of loss another kind embodiment；

Fig. 6 is the curve map of the stratum differential declines coefficient calculating in the embodiment of the present application.

Specific embodiment

In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand the technical scheme in the application, real below in conjunction with the application Apply the accompanying drawing in example, the enforcement it is clear that described is clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application Example is only some embodiments of the present application, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, this area is common The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained under the premise of not making creative work, all should belong to the application protection Scope.

In the application, the data of required process can include the geological data of vertical seismic (VSP) observed pattern acquisition.? In described vertical seismic observed pattern, wave detector can be goed deep into the collection of down-hole depths and obtain geological data.Which has and is subject to To external interference less, when deep relation is relatively reliable, down going wave energy stabilization, propagation path close to vertical stratum the features such as, fit Close the research carrying out Seismic wave attenuation in stratum.In recent years, many scholars utilize VSP data to spherical diffusion decay, Layer attenuation by absorption has carried out studying and achieve some achievements.The application utilize VSP data and with reference to spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient, Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient is it is proposed that a kind of method that can calculate seismic transmission attenuation compensation.Arrive identical meter unified After calculating platform, various AFs are parsed one by one, while obtaining reliable stratum attenuation coefficient of transmission, can also be real Now separate seismic wave spherical diffusion, formation absorption, three decay factors of transmission.

Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow schematic diagram of seismic transmission attenuation compensation method described herein, as Fig. 1 institute Show, methods described can include：

S1：Obtain vertical seismic (VSP) data, and carry out the vertical component that sorting process obtains described vertical seismic data Data.

After obtaining vertical seismic (VSP) data, generally described geological data can be pre-processed, including data solution Volume, road editor, the useless road of rejecting blown-out shot etc..Then described vertical seismic data can be carried out with sorting process, obtain described vertical Component (Z component) in vertical direction in geological data.Earthquake can be obtained during the pretreatment of above-mentioned geological data The information such as the channel number of each seismic channel, depth, geophone offset in data.Described data channel sorting process can include utilizing Information data in above-mentioned seismic channel by the seismic channel of whole geological data or meets described pre-provisioning request according to pre-provisioning request Part seismic channel rearrange together, form new seismic data set.In the present embodiment, sorted by data channel Process the vertical component data record obtaining in described vertical seismic data.

In another preferred embodiment, above-mentioned vertical seismic data can also preferably be repeated with big gun and processed. After the specific described vertical seismic data in acquisition, methods described can also include：

S101：Described vertical seismic data is preferably repeated with big gun process；

Accordingly, the described vertical component data obtaining vertical seismic data includes obtaining hanging down after preferably repeating big gun process The vertical component data of straight geological data.

Described preferably repetition big gun, refers to the identical seismic data recording of parameter occurring in gatherer process is sieved Choosing, only takes one of two or more qualified data seismic data recording.The conventional seismic data process process of prior art In, since it is considered that the data of identical acquisition parameter can pass through overlap-add procedure, improve data SNR, generally not to earthquake number Processed according to preferably repeating big gun.But in the present invention in order at utmost protect the energy relationship of initial data, improve stratum The accuracy of attenuation coefficient of transmission result of calculation, can be carried out using to described vertical seismic data with avoidance data overlap-add procedure Preferably repeat big gun to process.

In another preferred embodiment, after obtaining described vertical component data, methods described can also include：

S102：Obtain the monitoring signature record corresponding to described vertical component data, and using described monitoring obtaining Ripple record carries out energy difference correction between big gun to described vertical component data.

The data component in all directions and signature record can be included, at this in the vertical seismic data of described acquisition The monitoring signature record corresponding to described vertical component data can also further be obtained, then using acquisition in embodiment Described monitoring signature record carries out energy difference correction between big gun to described vertical component data, eliminates the energy difference that human factor causes Different, after being corrected vertical component geological data.Fig. 2 is the data note before vertical component data correction described herein Record, carries out the vertical component data record after geophone offset energy difference correction using the monitoring wavelet of vertical component in Fig. 3 the application.

Energy difference between described big gun, typically refer to VSP not the epicenter excitation of homogeneous when, due to shot point position, excitation energy etc. The energy difference that factor changes and causes.Between described big gun, the processing procedure of energy difference correction can be included at the beginning of monitoring signature record Process to amplitude normalization, obtain normalization coefficient sequence, because Z component data is corresponded with monitoring wavelet data, therefore This coefficient sequence correspondence is taken on Z component, will normalized coefficient each single-shot of Z component of being applied to corresponding thereto On, obtain the Z component data after energy normalized, complete energy difference correction between the big gun described vertical component.

S2：Pick up the compressional wave first arrival of described vertical seismic data, described vertical seismic number is obtained based on described compressional wave first arrival According to interval velocity.

Pickup VSP compressional wave first arrival t_i, and it is calculated interval velocity υ_i, as shown in (1), (2) formula.

${\mathrm{\υ}}_i=\frac{d_{i+1}-d_i}{t_{i+1}-t_i},i\∈[1,N]---\left(1\right)$

$d_i=\sqrt{h_i^2+l^2},i\∈[1,N]---\left(2\right)$

Wherein, N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, and variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths, h_iFor corresponding Wave detector depth, t_iFirst arrival time corresponding to wave detector, d_iFor the distance of shot point to wave detector, l arrives well head for shot point Distance.

The method of described first break pickup, specifically can include automatic tracing, constraint and interpolation method etc..Due to VSP number According to take-off is clear-cut, first arrival clear, all can be obtained needed for the application relatively using any one method above-mentioned therefore in the application High-precision first arrival data.It is then based on time and the depth relationship of obtained first arrival, calculated using above-mentioned formula (1), (2) Interval velocity to serial stratum.

S3：To described vertical component number on the basis of the energy of the minimum wave detector of geophone offset in described vertical component data According to being normalized, obtain gross energy attenuation coefficient sequence α_i.

Can be normalized on the basis of the amplitude the strongest of energy in described vertical component data in the present embodiment, Calculate and obtain described vertical component data gross energy attenuation coefficient sequence α in the earth formation_i.

The application provides a kind of calculating described gross energy attenuation coefficient sequence α_iComputational methods, specifically can include：

S301：Descending through preliminary wave peak amplitude value A of vertical component data described in pickup step_i：

S302：Scan dominant frequency f at described descending preliminary wave first arrival_i, closed using following formula (3) medium frequency, amplitude and energy System is calculated ENERGY E_i：

$E_i=k\·A_i^2\·f_i^2,i\∈[1,N]---\left(3\right)$

In above-mentioned formula (3), N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, and variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths, k For scale factor, this factor disappears in the energy ratio in following formula (4) calculates.

S303：ENERGY E with the minimum wave detector of geophone offset_iOn the basis of be normalized, using following formula (4) calculate Obtain gross energy attenuation coefficient sequence：

${\mathrm{\α}}_i=\frac{E_i}{E_1},i\∈[1,N]---\left(4\right)$

In above-mentioned formula, N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, E₁Energy for the minimum wave detector of geophone offset.

Described geophone offset is minimum, may refer to detection in VSP gatherer process and reaches the most shallow depth location with shot point distance Recorded data in short-term.Because now geophone offset is minimum, therefore this data record energy is the strongest, suitably as in the present embodiment Reference data.

Described frequency scanning method includes Fourier transformation, Short Time Fourier Transform, wavelet transformation etc., and said method is equal Can complete in the present invention, to calculate dominant frequency requirement.

S4：Described vertical component data is converted to by the interval velocity using the described vertical seismic data obtaining from time-domain The geological data of Depth Domain.

The time-domain of described geological data, can be with earth's surface for the face of starting in Depth Domain transfer process, i.e. earth's surface depth For 0 meter, the time be 0 millisecond.Concrete grammar can be multiplied by obtained layer speed in S2 by the longitudinal axis time in time-domain section Degree, the longitudinal axis is changed into depth, then by interpolation processing to data resampling, finally gives Depth Domain section, i.e. the ground of Depth Domain Shake data.

S5：Obtain described Depth Domain geological data spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient sequence and Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence.

The present embodiment can provide a kind of described Depth Domain geological data spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient sequence of described acquisition Computational methods.Specific computational methods can include：

S501：Based on the described Depth Domain geological data obtaining, using the spherical diffusion formula of seismic wave, it is calculated ball Face diffusive attenuation sequence β_i, as shown in (5) formula, after then normalizing, obtain spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient sequence α '_i, as (6) formula institute Show.

β_i=4 π γ²=4 π (h_i-h₁)²i∈[1,N] (5)

${\mathrm{\α}}_i^{\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}_i}{{\mathrm{\β}}_1},i\∈[1,N]---\left(6\right)$

Wherein, 4 π γ²For spherical diffusion formula, γ is propagation distance, γ=h_i-h₁, N is different depth observation station in well Sum, variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths, h_iFor corresponding registered depth, unit is rice, h₁Minimum for geophone offset Wave detector registered depth.

Described Depth Domain spherical diffusion computational methods, are the calculating according to seismic wave spherical diffusion formula, wherein ignore The impact to propagation path such as well constraint inversion, stratigraphic dip.The method is independent of first arrival energy and frequency, is not therefore inhaled by stratum Receive decay, the interference of Transmission Attenuation.

The computational methods of the described Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence providing in the present embodiment, specific computational methods are permissible Including：

S502：Based on the Depth Domain geological data of described acquisition, public using the Earth's absorption and attenuation shown in following formula (7), (8) Formula computational methods calculate Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence β '_i, after being then normalized, obtain Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence Row α "_i, such as shown in formula (9).

$Q_i=1.949\×v_i^{-2.2},i\∈[1,N]---\left(7\right)$

${\mathrm{\β}}_i^{\′}=\frac{1}{Q_i},i\∈[1,N]---\left(8\right)$

${\mathrm{\α}}_i^{\″\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}_i^{\′}}{{\mathrm{\β}}_1^{\′}},i\∈[1,N]---\left(9\right)$

Wherein, N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, and variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths, v_iFor i depth Corresponding VSP P-wave interval velocity, Q is formation absorption coefficient or quality factor.

Described Earth's absorption and attenuation computational methods, are the calculating being carried out according to formation interval velocity, and the method is independent of just To energy and frequency, therefore do not disturbed by the decay of stratum spherical diffusion, Transmission Attenuation.

S6：With described gross energy attenuation coefficient sequence divided by described spherical diffusion decay sequence and described Earth's absorption and attenuation The result that the product of coefficient sequence obtains, as stratum transmission coefficient, obtains seismic transmission based on described stratum transmission coefficient and declines The energy compensating subtracting, carries out Transmission Attenuation compensation to geological data.

By spherical diffusion decay sequence α ' in step S5_i, Earth's absorption and attenuation sequence α "_iIt is multiplied, obtain using in step S3 Gross energy attenuation coefficient sequence α_iDivided by the result obtaining after this product as stratum transmission coefficient sequence α " '_i, such as (10) Shown in formula.

${\mathrm{\α}}_i^{\′\′\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\α}}_i}{{\mathrm{\α}}_i^{\′}\·{\mathrm{\α}}_i^{\″}},i\∈[1,N]---\left(10\right)$

Wherein, N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, and variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths.

In actual physical prospecting production application, the saturating of seismic wave can be calculated using described stratum transmission coefficient Penetrate the energy compensating value of decay, carry out Transmission Attenuation compensation.For example can be using the energy compensating pair including described Transmission Attenuation Geological data carries out true amplitude recovery process.Based on herein described stratum transmission coefficient, reservoir lithology can certainly be carried out Analysis, determines reservoir hierarchy.

Seismic transmission attenuation compensation method described in above-described embodiment adopts sorting process to obtain vertical seismic data Vertical component data, be then converted into the geological data of Depth Domain, the sphere obtaining described Depth Domain geological data expands Scattered attenuation coefficient sequence and Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence.By the gross energy being calculated described vertical seismic data is declined Subtract coefficient and obtain stratum transmission coefficient divided by described spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient sequence and Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence, be based on Described stratum transmission coefficient obtains the energy compensating of seismic transmission decay, carries out Transmission Attenuation compensation to geological data.This Shen The stratum Transmission Attenuation that please calculate compensates, and result of calculation is effective, reliable, can improve the standard to geological data attenuation compensation Really property.

Based on inventive concept, the application also provides a kind of seismic transmission means for compensation of loss, and Fig. 4 is herein described A kind of modular structure schematic diagram of seismic transmission means for compensation of loss, as shown in figure 4, described device can include：

Obtain and pretreatment module 101, can be used for obtaining vertical seismic data, described vertical seismic data is carried out pre- Process, and obtain the vertical component data of described vertical seismic data；

Interval velocity acquisition module 102, can be used for picking up the compressional wave first arrival of described vertical seismic data, based on described compressional wave First arrival obtains the interval velocity of described vertical seismic data；

Data conversion module 103, the interval velocity that can be used for using the described vertical seismic data obtaining will be described vertical Component data is converted to the geological data of Depth Domain from time-domain；

Gross energy decay calculation module 104, can be used for the minimum wave detector of geophone offset in described vertical component data Energy on the basis of described vertical component data is normalized, obtain gross energy attenuation coefficient；

Diffusive attenuation computing module 105, can be used for obtaining the spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient of described Depth Domain geological data；

Attenuation by absorption computing module 106, can be used for obtaining described Depth Domain geological data Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient；

Transmission Attenuation compensation calculation module 107, can be used for the described gross energy attenuation coefficient obtaining divided by described ball The result that the product of face diffusive attenuation and described Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient obtains as stratum transmission coefficient, based on described stratum Transmission coefficient obtains the energy compensating of seismic transmission decay.

In preferred embodiment, described device can also carry out geophone offset energy difference school to the vertical component of geological data Just.Fig. 5 is a kind of modular structure schematic diagram of herein described seismic transmission means for compensation of loss another kind embodiment, such as schemes Shown in 5, described device can also include：

Energy correction module 108, can be used for obtaining the monitoring signature record corresponding to described vertical component data, and profit With the described monitoring signature record obtaining, described vertical component data is carried out with energy difference correction between big gun.

In a kind of seismic transmission means for compensation of loss described above, under described diffusive attenuation computing module 105 adopts Formula obtains the spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient α ' of described Depth Domain geological data_i：

β_i=4 π γ²=4 π (h_i-h₁)²i∈[1,N]

${\mathrm{\α}}_i^{\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}_i}{{\mathrm{\β}}_1},i\∈[1,N]$

Wherein, 4 π γ²For spherical diffusion formula, γ is propagation distance, γ=h_i-h₁, N is different depth observation station in well Sum, variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths, h_iFor corresponding registered depth, h₁For the minimum wave detector of geophone offset Registered depth.

In a kind of seismic transmission means for compensation of loss described above, under described attenuation by absorption computing module 106 adopts Formula obtains described Depth Domain geological data Earth's absorption and attenuation factor alpha "_i：

$Q_i=1.949\×v_i^{-2.2},i\∈[1,N]$

${\mathrm{\β}}_i^{\′}=\frac{1}{Q_i},i\∈[1,N]$

${\mathrm{\α}}_i^{\″\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}_i^{\′}}{{\mathrm{\β}}_1^{\′}},i\∈[1,N]$

In above formula, N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, and variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths, v_iDeep for i The corresponding VSP P-wave interval velocity of degree, Q is formation absorption coefficient or quality factor.

Fig. 6 is the curve map using the stratum differential declines coefficient calculating in the embodiment of the present application.Transverse axis represents survey Amount depth, the longitudinal axis represents the attenuation coefficient on stratum, and L1 represents that gross energy is decayed, and L2 represents that spherical diffusion decays, and L3 represents stratum Attenuation by absorption, L4 represents Transmission Attenuation.

One kind that the application provides utilizes vertical seismic data to calculate seismic transmission means for compensation of loss, can calculate and obtain Take the stratum Transmission Attenuation factor, cause calculating and the compensation problem of energy loss for solving seismic wave because of transmission；Meanwhile, lead to Cross accurate calculating and also separated seismic wave spherical diffusion, formation absorption, three decay factors of transmission completely, it is possible to use described three Individual decay factor difference or combinatory analysis reservoir geology attribute, have great significance to formation physical property exploration analysis and provide Reliable analysis foundation.

System or module that above-described embodiment illustrates, specifically can be realized by computer chip or entity, or by having The product of certain function is realizing.For convenience of description, it is divided into various modules to be respectively described with function when describing apparatus above. Certainly, implement the application when the function of each module can be realized in same or multiple softwares and/or hardware it is also possible to The module realizing same function is realized by the combination of multiple submodule or subelement.

It is also known in the art that in addition to controller is realized in pure computer readable program code mode, complete Full controller can be made with gate, switch, special IC, programmable by method and step is carried out programming in logic The form of logic controller and embedded microcontroller etc. is realizing identical function.Therefore this controller is considered one kind Hardware component, and the device for realizing various functions that its inside is included can also be considered as the structure in hardware component.Or The device being used for realizing various functions even, can be considered as not only being the software module of implementation method but also can be hardware by person Structure in part.

The application can be described in the general context of computer executable instructions, such as program Module.Usually, program module includes execution particular task or the routine realizing particular abstract data type, program, object, group Part, data structure, class etc..The application can also be put into practice in a distributed computing environment, in these DCEs, Execute task by the remote processing devices connected by communication network.In a distributed computing environment, program module can With positioned in the local and remote computer-readable storage medium including storage device.

As seen through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that the application can Mode by software plus necessary general hardware platform to be realized.Based on such understanding, the technical scheme essence of the application On in other words prior art is contributed partly can be embodied in the form of software product, this computer software product Can be stored in storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD etc., include some instructions use so that a computer equipment (can be personal computer, mobile terminal, server, or network equipment etc.) execution each embodiment of the application or enforcement Some partly described methods of example.

Each embodiment in this specification is described by the way of going forward one by one, same or analogous portion between each embodiment Divide mutually referring to what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiment.The application can be used for crowd How in general or special purpose computing system environments or configuration.For example：Personal computer, server computer, handheld device or Portable set, laptop device, multicomputer system, the system based on microprocessor, set top box, programmable electronics set Standby, network PC, minicom, mainframe computer, include DCE of any of the above system or equipment etc..

Although the application is depicted by embodiment, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the application have many deformation and Change is without deviating from spirit herein it is desirable to appended claim includes these deformation and change without deviating from the application's Spirit.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of seismic transmission attenuation compensation method is it is characterised in that methods described includes：

S1：Obtain vertical seismic data, and carry out the vertical component data that sorting process obtains described vertical seismic data；

S2：Pick up the compressional wave first arrival of described vertical seismic data, described vertical seismic data is obtained based on described compressional wave first arrival Interval velocity；

S3：On the basis of the energy of the minimum wave detector of geophone offset in described vertical component data, described vertical component data is entered Row normalized, obtains gross energy attenuation coefficient sequence；

S4：Described vertical component data is converted to depth from time-domain by the interval velocity using the described vertical seismic data obtaining The geological data in domain；

S5：Obtain described Depth Domain geological data spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient sequence and Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence；

S6：With described gross energy attenuation coefficient sequence divided by described spherical diffusion decay sequence and described Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient The result that the product of sequence obtains, as stratum transmission coefficient, obtains seismic transmission decay based on described stratum transmission coefficient Energy compensating, carries out Transmission Attenuation compensation to geological data；

Wherein, the described computational methods obtaining described Depth Domain geological data spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient sequence include：

S501：Based on the described Depth Domain geological data obtaining, it is calculated spherical diffusion decay sequence β using following formula_i, normalizing Change obtains spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient sequence α ' after processing_i：

β_i=4 π r²=4 π (h_i-h₁)²I ∈ [1, N]

${\mathrm{\α}}_i^{\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}_i}{{\mathrm{\β}}_1},i\∈\[1,N\]$

Wherein, 4 π r²For spherical diffusion formula, r is propagation distance, r=h_i-h₁, N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, Variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths, h_iFor corresponding registered depth, h₁Deep for the record of the minimum wave detector of geophone offset Degree；

The described computational methods obtaining described Depth Domain geological data ball Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence include：

S502：Based on the Depth Domain geological data of described acquisition, Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence β ' is calculated using following formula_i, carry out Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient sequence α is obtained " after normalized_i：

$Q_i=1.949\×v_i^{-2.2},i\∈\[1,N\]$

${\mathrm{\β}}_i^{\′}=\frac{1}{Q_i},i\∈\[1,N\]$

${\mathrm{\α}}_i^{\′\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}_i^{\′}}{{\mathrm{\β}}_1^{\′}},i\∈\[1,N\]$

In above formula, N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, and variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths, v_iRight for i depth The VSP P-wave interval velocity answered, Q is quality factor.

2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of seismic transmission attenuation compensation method it is characterised in that obtain described in vertically After shake data, methods described also includes：

S101：Described vertical seismic data is preferably repeated with big gun process；

Accordingly, the described vertical component data obtaining vertical seismic data includes obtaining and preferably repeats after big gun is processed vertically The vertical component data of shake data.

3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of seismic transmission attenuation compensation method it is characterised in that obtain described vertical point After amount data, methods described also includes：

S102：Obtain the monitoring signature record corresponding to described vertical component data, and using the described monitoring wavelet note obtaining Record carries out energy difference correction between big gun to described vertical component data.

4. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of seismic transmission attenuation compensation method it is characterised in that described with described vertical point On the basis of the minimum energy of wave detector of geophone offset, described vertical component data is normalized in amount data, obtains total The attenuation coefficient sequence method of energy includes：

S301：Descending through preliminary wave peak amplitude value A of vertical component data described in pickup step_i：

S302：Scan dominant frequency f at described descending preliminary wave first arrival_i, calculated using following formula medium frequency, amplitude and energy relationship To ENERGY E_i：

$E_i=k\·A_i^2\·f_i^2,i\∈\[1,N\]$

In above-mentioned formula, N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, and variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths, and k is ratio The factor；

S303：ENERGY E with the minimum wave detector of geophone offset_iOn the basis of be normalized, total energy is calculated using following formula Amount attenuation coefficient sequence：

${\mathrm{\α}}_i=\frac{E_i}{E_1},i\∈\[1,N\]$

In above-mentioned formula, N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, E₁Energy for the minimum wave detector of geophone offset.

5. a kind of seismic transmission means for compensation of loss is it is characterised in that described device includes：

Obtain and pretreatment module, for obtaining vertical seismic data, described vertical seismic data is pre-processed, and obtains The vertical component data of described vertical seismic data；

Interval velocity acquisition module, for picking up the compressional wave first arrival of described vertical seismic data, obtains institute based on described compressional wave first arrival State the interval velocity of vertical seismic data；

Data conversion module, for using obtain described vertical seismic data interval velocity by described vertical component data from when Between domain be converted to the geological data of Depth Domain；

Gross energy decay calculation module, on the basis of the energy for the wave detector minimum by geophone offset in described vertical component data Described vertical component data is normalized, obtains gross energy attenuation coefficient；

Diffusive attenuation computing module, for obtaining the spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient of described Depth Domain geological data；

Attenuation by absorption computing module, for obtaining described Depth Domain geological data Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient；

Transmission Attenuation compensation calculation module, for will obtain described gross energy attenuation coefficient divided by described spherical diffusion decay with The result that the product of described Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient obtains, as stratum transmission coefficient, is obtained based on described stratum transmission coefficient The energy compensating of seismic transmission decay；

Described diffusive attenuation computing module adopts following formula to obtain the spherical diffusion attenuation coefficient α ' of described Depth Domain geological data_i：

β_i=4 π r²=4 π (h_i-h₁)²I ∈ [1, N]

${\mathrm{\α}}_i^{\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}_i}{{\mathrm{\β}}_1},i\∈\[1,N\]$

Wherein, 4 π r²For spherical diffusion formula, r is propagation distance, r=h_i-h₁, N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, Variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths, h_iFor corresponding registered depth, h₁Deep for the record of the minimum wave detector of geophone offset Degree；

Described attenuation by absorption computing module adopts following formula to obtain described Depth Domain geological data Earth's absorption and attenuation coefficient a "_i：

$Q_i=1.949\×v_i^{-2.2},i\∈\[1,N\]$

${\mathrm{\β}}_i^{\′}=\frac{1}{Q_i},i\∈\[1,N\]$

${\mathrm{\α}}_i^{\′\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}_i^{\′}}{{\mathrm{\β}}_1^{\′}},i\∈\[1,N\]$

In above formula, N is the sum of different depth observation station in well, and variable i is the sequence number of different Observational depths, v_iRight for i depth The VSP P-wave interval velocity answered, Q is quality factor.

6. as claimed in claim 5 a kind of seismic transmission means for compensation of loss it is characterised in that described device also includes：

Energy correction module, for obtaining the monitoring signature record corresponding to described vertical component data, and using the institute obtaining State monitoring signature record and described vertical component data is carried out with energy difference correction between big gun.