CN104370228A - Winch and oil pumping unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses hoist engine and beam-pumping unit, the hoist engine includes: a spool having opposing first and second ends; the driving mechanism is connected with the first end and is used for driving the winding drum to rotate; an energy conversion and storage device connected to the second end, the energy conversion and storage device being capable of converting mechanical energy to storable energy for storage during payoff of the reel; during the winding process of the winding drum, the energy conversion and storage device converts the storable energy stored by the energy conversion and storage device into mechanical energy to drive the winding drum to rotate. The oil pumping unit of the winch does not need to be additionally provided with a balance weight.

Description

Hoist and pumping unit

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of hoisting equipment, in particular to a winch and an oil pumping unit.

Background technique

Hoist, also known as winch, is a kind of lifting equipment, which usually includes a motor and a reel driven by the motor. The hoist winds the wire rope or chain through the reel to lift the heavy object to realize the lifting of the heavy object. The hoist can be used alone or as a component in machinery such as lifting, road construction and mine hoisting. It is widely used because of its simple operation, large amount of winding rope, and convenient displacement.

At present, in oilfield production, the oil extraction equipment that widely uses winches is the pumping unit. During the oil pumping process, the pumping unit drives the crank connecting rod mechanism through its winch to make the beam swing up and down, and then passes the rope suspension device on the crank connecting rod. It drives the sucker rod and the pump to reciprocate up and down to pump crude oil from the oil well to the ground.

Since the pumping unit needs to drive the sucker rod and pump to operate up and down, its working process can be divided into upstroke and downstroke. During the upstroke of the pumping unit, the rope hanger needs to lift the sucker rod and the oil well pump. Since the upstroke motor needs to pay a lot of energy, the motor is in the electric state at this time. During the down stroke, the sucker rod and the oil well pump can fall under the action of their own gravity, and the sucker rod does work on the motor during the down stroke, making the motor in the running state of the generator, so the load on the up stroke and down stroke is extremely Unevenness will seriously affect the efficiency and life of the hoist motor of the pumping unit. In order to eliminate these disadvantages, balance counterweights are generally added to the end of the beam or the crank or both of the pumping units. In this way, during the downstroke of the suspension point, the balance counterweight should be lifted from a low position to a high position to increase the potential energy of the balance counterweight. In order to raise the balance counterweight, in addition to relying on the potential energy released by the drop of the sucker rod string, the electric motor must pay part of the energy. During the upstroke, the balance counterweight falls from a high place, releasing the potential energy stored during the downstroke, helping the motor to lift the sucker rod and liquid column, and reducing the energy required by the motor during the upstroke.

In actual production, the balance weight of the pumping unit is generally more than 1 ton, and the volume is large, which makes the volume and weight of the pumping unit relatively large, and it is difficult to install, move, and disassemble, which leads to its application range. more limited.

Contents of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a winch and a pumping unit, so that the pumping unit does not need to increase the balance weight.

A hoist provided by the application includes:

a drum having opposite first and second ends;

a drive mechanism connected to the first end, which is used to drive the reel to rotate;

An energy conversion storage device connected to the second end, during the reel unwinding process, the energy conversion storage device can convert mechanical energy into storable energy for storage; during the reel take-up process wherein, the energy conversion storage device converts the storable energy stored in it into mechanical energy to drive the reel to rotate.

Preferably, the energy conversion storage device includes a fuel tank, an energy storage unit, and a pump/motor;

Low-pressure oil is stored in the fuel tank;

The energy storage unit can store and discharge energy. When the energy storage unit is storing energy, the energy storage unit converts the high-pressure oil input from the pump/motor into low-pressure oil for storage and transfers the high-pressure oil The hydraulic energy between the hydraulic fluid and the low-pressure oil is converted into potential energy for storage; when the energy storage unit discharges energy, the energy storage unit converts the stored potential energy into hydraulic energy and stores it through the converted hydraulic energy The low-pressure oil forms high-pressure oil and sends it to the pump/motor;

One end of the pump/motor is connected to the second end, and the other end is respectively connected to the oil tank and the energy storage unit through pipelines. During the reel winding process, the pump/motor will automatically The high-pressure oil input by the energy storage unit is converted into low-pressure oil and sent to the oil tank, and the hydraulic energy between the high-pressure oil and the low-pressure oil is converted into mechanical energy to drive the reel to rotate; During the process, the pump/motor converts the mechanical energy transmitted from the reel into hydraulic energy, and through the converted hydraulic energy, converts the low-pressure oil input from the oil tank into high-pressure oil and transmits it to the energy storage unit .

Preferably, the energy storage unit is also connected with a supplementary energy unit, and the supplementary energy unit can supplement pressure into the energy storage unit when the pressure inside the storage unit is lower than a set pressure.

Preferably, the energy supplement unit includes a controller, an oil pump, and a driver; the oil pump is connected to the energy storage unit and the oil tank, and can input the low-pressure oil in the oil tank to the energy storage unit; The driver is connected to the oil pump to drive the oil pump; the controller is connected to the driver, and when the pressure inside the energy storage unit is lower than the set pressure, the controller activates the driver. When the pressure inside the energy storage unit is not lower than the maximum working pressure of the energy storage unit, the controller stops the driver.

Preferably, a check valve is connected between the oil pump and the energy storage unit to prevent the low-pressure oil in the energy storage unit from flowing back to the oil pump.

Preferably, the first end and the second end respectively have a built-in reducer, and the reel is connected to the driving mechanism and the pump/motor through the reducer.

Preferably, the reducer is a planetary reducer.

Preferably, the driving mechanism is an electric motor or a hydraulic motor.

Preferably, the energy storage unit is a hydraulic bladder accumulator, and the number is multiple.

The application also provides a pumping unit, comprising:

stand,

The traveling beam installed on the support has a donkey head connected to one end, and the donkey head is connected to a rope hanger to connect the sucker rod; The reels are connected.

From the above description, it can be seen that compared with the prior art, when the hoist provided by the application is used on the pumping unit, since the hoist provided by the application has the energy conversion storage device, and the energy conversion The storage device has the function of the balance counterweight in the prior art, so the pumping unit does not need to configure the balance counterweight to carry out the oil extraction work. Moreover, the mass of the energy conversion storage device is much smaller than the balance counterweight, which makes the pumping unit using the winch provided by the application not only convenient for transportation but also easy to install and disassemble.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings on the premise of not paying creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a winch provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism, pump/motor and reel connection of the winch provided by one embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bladder-type energy storage unit provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a planetary reducer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an energy replenishing unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described The embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Fig. 1, a hoisting machine provided by the present application includes: a reel 1 having opposite first ends 11 and second ends 12; a drive mechanism 2 connected to the first end 11 for use in to drive the reel 1 to rotate; the energy conversion and storage device connected to the second end 12, during the reel 1 unwinding process, the energy conversion and storage device can convert mechanical energy into storable energy to storage; during the winding-up process of the reel 1, the energy conversion storage device converts the storable energy stored in it into mechanical energy to drive the reel 1 to rotate.

When in use, the reel 1 of the hoist provided by this embodiment is connected to the heavy object to be lifted and lowered through a wire rope or a chain, and the reel 1 controls the lifting or lowering of the heavy object by taking up and releasing the wire. When the heavy object is lowered, the reel 1 is paid off, and the driving mechanism 2 stops working at this time, and its potential energy is converted into the mechanical energy of the reel 1 when the weight is lowered, and the reel 1 converts the mechanical energy The energy conversion and storage device is transferred to the energy conversion and storage device. At this time, the energy conversion and storage device can convert mechanical energy into storable energy for storage and use when the reel 1 lifts a heavy object. When lifting the heavy object, the driving mechanism 2 drives the reel 1 to rotate to take up the wire to lift the heavy object. rotation speed), the energy conversion storage device transmits the converted mechanical energy to the reel 1 to drive the reel 1 to rotate, and then assists the drive mechanism 2 to jointly drive the reel 1 to rotate, so that the reel 1 Complete the take-up.

From the above description, it can be seen that compared with the prior art, when the hoist provided by this embodiment is used on a pumping unit, since the hoist provided by this embodiment has the energy conversion storage device, and the The energy conversion storage device already has the function of the balance counterweight in the prior art, so the oil pumping unit can carry out the oil production work without having to configure the balance counterweight. Moreover, the mass of the energy conversion storage device is much smaller than the balance weight, which is not only convenient for transportation but also easy to install and disassemble.

The energy conversion and storage device is connected to the second end 12, specifically, it may be connected through a shaft to transmit rotation. The energy conversion storage device is capable of converting mechanical energy into storable energy for storage; during the winding process of the reel 1, the energy conversion storage device converts the stored storable energy into mechanical energy to drive the reel Drum 1 rotates. The storable energy includes storable energy such as potential energy, kinetic energy, and thermal energy.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , in one embodiment of the present application, the energy conversion storage device includes a fuel tank 10 , an energy storage unit 4 , and a pump/motor 3 . Low-pressure oil is stored in the oil tank 10 . The energy storage unit 4 can store and discharge energy. When the energy storage unit 4 is storing energy, the energy storage unit 4 converts the high-pressure oil input from the pump/motor 3 into low-pressure oil for storage and transfers the hydraulic pressure between the high-pressure oil and the low-pressure oil. energy is converted into potential energy for storage. When the energy storage unit 4 discharges energy, the energy storage unit 4 converts its stored potential energy into hydraulic energy and transfers the stored low-pressure oil to form high-pressure oil through the converted hydraulic energy to the pump/ motor3. One end of the pump/motor 3 is connected to the second end 12 , and the other end is respectively connected to the oil tank 10 and the energy storage unit 4 through pipelines. During the winding process of the reel 1, the pump/motor 3 converts the high-pressure oil input from the energy storage unit 4 into low-pressure oil and sends it to the oil tank 10 and converts the high-pressure oil and low-pressure oil The hydraulic energy between them is converted into mechanical energy to drive the reel 1 to rotate; during the unwinding process of the reel 1, the pump/motor 3 converts the mechanical energy transmitted from the reel 1 into hydraulic energy and passes The converted hydraulic energy converts the low-pressure oil input from the oil tank 10 into high-pressure oil and sends it to the energy storage unit 4 . Of course, the above-mentioned composition of the energy conversion storage device is only a preferred implementation mode obtained by the inventor after painstaking experiments. There are other implementation modes in the application, so any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the implementation mode shall be included in the protection scope of the application.

Please refer to Fig. 2, the reel 1 of the present embodiment is different from the reel 1 of the prior art winch, the two ends of the reel 1 provided by the present embodiment are connection ends, that is, the first end 11 and The second end 12 . The reel 1 can lift or pull heavy objects by winding steel wire ropes or chains on itself. The first end 11 and the second end 12 of the reel 1 respectively provide two connecting shafts through which different driving devices are connected. The driving device is the driving mechanism 2 and the pump/motor 3 .

Further, in order to balance the problem of inconsistency in rotational speed between the reel 1 and the drive mechanism 2 and the pump/motor 3 and give the reel 1 a relatively large torque, the first end 11 and the The second end 12 can have built-in speed reducer respectively, and described speed reducer is a kind of power transmission mechanism, and it is a kind of speed conversion mechanism that utilizes gears of different sizes to decelerate the number of revolutions of the motor to the desired number of revolutions and obtain a larger speed. Torque mechanism, so the speed reducer can play the role of matching speed and transmitting torque, and the reel 1 is connected with the driving mechanism 2 and the pump/motor 3 through the speed reducer. Correspondingly, considering that there is an inconsistency between the rotational speeds of the drive mechanism 2 and the pump/motor 3, the reducer built in the first end 11 is the first reducer 8, which is built in the second end The speed reducer of 12 is the second speed reducer 9, and the deceleration effects of the first speed reducer 8 and the second speed reducer 9 are different. For example, the shaft speed of the drive mechanism 2 is 1500 revolutions per minute (r/min), the shaft speed of the pump/motor 3 is 1800 revolutions per minute, and the required speed of the reel 1 is 50 revolutions per minute , at this time, the first speed reducer 8 is required to reduce the speed of the driving mechanism 2 by 30 times and then transmitted to the reel 1, and the second speed reducer 9 is required to reduce the speed of the pump/motor 3 by 36 times Pass it to reel 1 again. The way in which the first end 11 and the second end 12 are respectively connected to the first reducer 8 and the second reducer 9 is a built-in type. Of course, the use of a built-in reducer is to reduce the volume of the device , The speed reducer can also adopt other assembly methods such as external placement, and this application is not limited thereto.

Please refer to FIG. 4 , considering that there are many types of existing reducers, the first reducer 8 in a specific example of this embodiment can be a planetary reducer. The gear with a small number of teeth on the transmission shaft of the planetary reducer meshes with the large gear on the output shaft to achieve the purpose of deceleration, and the planetary reducer has small size, light weight, high load-bearing capacity, long service life and stable operation , low noise and other advantages.

Please continue to refer to FIG. 2 , the pump/motor 3 is connected to the second end 12 through the reducer, and it has the functions of a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic pump at the same time. The pump/motor 3 realizes the conversion of the two functions of the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor through forward rotation and reverse rotation of the shaft. When used as a hydraulic pump, the flow is proportional to the number of rotations and displacement; when used as a hydraulic motor, its output rotation is proportional to the flow and inversely proportional to the displacement. The pump/motor 3 has one end of the rotating shaft and a hydraulic end. As shown in FIG. The pressure in the pipeline 7 divides the two sides of the hydraulic end into a high pressure side and a low pressure side, and the output torque of the pump/motor 3 is related to the pressure difference between the high pressure side and the low pressure side. The low-pressure pipeline 6 is connected to the oil tank 10 , and the low-pressure pipeline 6 inputs the low-pressure oil converted by the pump/motor 3 into the oil tank 10 when the reel 1 is taken up. When the reel 1 is unwound, the low-pressure pipeline 6 inputs the low-pressure oil in the oil tank 10 to the pump/motor 3 . Correspondingly, the high-pressure pipeline 7 connects the pump/motor 3 with the energy storage unit 4, and when the reel 1 is taken up, the high-pressure pipeline 7 will receive the energy from the energy storage unit 4 The high-pressure oil is delivered to the pump/motor 3 , and the high-pressure pipeline 7 delivers the high-pressure oil converted by the pump/motor 3 to the energy storage unit 4 when the reel 1 is unwound.

The oil tank 10 stores low-pressure oil, and the stored low-pressure oil is the necessary energy transmission medium for the entire energy conversion and storage device. Of course, the low-pressure oil is relative to the high-pressure oil transmitted between the pump/motor 3 and the energy storage unit 4 . The volume in the oil tank 10 is at least the sum of the volume of circulating oil in the process of energy transmission and the volume filled with liquid of the energy storage unit 4 . In actual conditions, considering that the oil should account for about 80% of the total volume of the oil tank 10, the sum of the volume of the circulating oil and the liquid filling volume of the energy storage unit 4 should be equal to the volume of the oil tank 10. 80% is close.

The energy storage unit 4 is an energy storage device in a hydraulic pneumatic system. It can convert the energy in the system into potential energy (compression energy or potential energy) at an appropriate time and store it, and when the system needs it, convert the potential energy (compression energy or potential energy) into hydraulic or pneumatic energy and release it. Re-supply system. The energy storage unit 4 used in this embodiment is a device that converts potential energy and hydraulic energy into each other, and can store potential energy itself. Since the energy storage unit 4 has two situations in which the outside world does work on it and the energy storage unit 4 does work on the outside world, it has a maximum working pressure and a minimum working pressure.

Please refer to Fig. 3, described accumulator unit 4 can adopt hydraulic bag type accumulator 41, and described hydraulic bag type accumulator 41 is a kind of gas type accumulator, and it completes energy conversion by compressing gas, when using first Gas of a predetermined pressure is charged into the hydraulic bladder accumulator 41 . When the system pressure exceeds the internal pressure of the hydraulic bladder accumulator 41, the oil compresses the gas, converting the pressure in the oil into gas internal energy; when the system pressure is lower than the internal pressure of the hydraulic bladder accumulator 41, the hydraulic bladder The oil in the type accumulator 41 flows to the external system under the action of high-pressure gas to release energy. Of course, the number of hydraulic bladder accumulators 41 can be multiple to obtain a good energy storage effect, such as 4, 6, etc., and this embodiment is not limited thereto.

Please refer to FIG. 2 , the driving mechanism 2 may be an electric motor or a hydraulic motor. The electric motor is also called an electric motor, which is an electrical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, and then uses the mechanical energy to generate kinetic energy for driving other devices. The hydraulic motor is an actuator of the hydraulic system, which converts the hydraulic pressure energy provided by the hydraulic pump into the mechanical energy (torque and speed) of its output shaft. In this embodiment, the driving mechanism 2 may be any one of the electric motor and the hydraulic motor. In actual situations, since the switched reluctance motor is suitable for the working conditions of frequent start and stop and forward and reverse operation, its forward and reverse frequency can reach 1000 times per hour, and it has a large starting torque (about 100% of the rated torque 200% to 300%), the starting current is low and the efficiency is high (about 30% of the rated current), the motor efficiency is greater than 0.92, the energy loss is small, the controllable parameters are many, the speed regulation performance is good, etc., and the motor can be used The switched reluctance motor is adapted to the working conditions of the pumping unit during the mining process.

In one embodiment of the present application, considering that the conversion rate of the pump/motor 3 can not be 100% when converting hydraulic energy and mechanical energy, especially for such equipment working in the field, it can be considered that mechanical wear is a reduction in efficiency. The main factor is that after working for a long time, the oil inside the energy storage unit 4 will gradually decrease, resulting in a gradual decrease in the pressure of the energy storage unit 4, which cannot fully balance the counterweight, thereby forming an oil drain. question. At this time, it is necessary to replenish oil to the energy storage unit 4, so the energy storage unit 4 is also connected with an energy supplement unit 5, and the energy supplement unit 5 can be lower than the pressure inside the energy storage unit 4. When setting the pressure, add pressure into the energy storage unit 4 . The set pressure can be determined according to different types of the energy storage unit 4. Generally speaking, the energy storage unit 4 has a maximum working pressure (during energy storage) and a minimum working pressure (during energy discharge), so The set pressure may be lower than the minimum working pressure, specifically 80% of the minimum working pressure or other values, which is not limited in this embodiment.

Further, please refer to FIG. 5 , in a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned embodiment, the energy supplement unit 5 may include a controller 55 , an oil pump 53 , and a driver 51 . The oil pump 53 is connected to the energy storage unit 4 and the oil tank 10 , and can input the low-pressure oil in the oil tank 10 to the energy storage unit 4 . The driver 51 is connected to the oil pump 53 to drive the oil pump 53 . The controller 55 is connected to the driver 51, and when the pressure inside the energy storage unit 4 is lower than the set pressure, the controller 55 starts the driver 51, and the inside of the energy storage unit 4 When the pressure is not lower than the maximum working pressure of the energy storage unit 4 , the controller 55 stops the driver 51 . The driver 51 can be a motor. The oil pump 53 can be a duplex pump. Furthermore, a check valve 54 is connected between the oil pump 53 and the energy storage unit 4 to prevent the low-pressure oil in the energy storage unit 4 from flowing back to the oil pump 53 . Meanwhile, a pressure gauge 56 may be connected to the energy storage unit 4 to monitor the pressure inside the energy storage unit 4 .

An embodiment of the present application also provides a pumping unit, including: a bracket, a beam installed on the bracket, one end of which is connected with a donkey head, and the donkey head is connected with a rope hanger to connect to the sucker rod ; Its other end is connected with the reel 1 of hoisting machine as mentioned above.

The described pumping unit does not need to add a balance counterweight because the above-mentioned hoisting machine is used.

The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Various changes and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. a winch, is characterized in that, comprising:

Reel, it has relative first end and the second end;

The driver train be connected with described first end, it is for driving described spool turns;

The transformation of energy memory storage be connected with described second end, in described reel unwrapping wire process, described transformation of energy memory storage mechanical energy can be converted to can stored energy to store; In described reel take-up process, what described transformation of energy memory storage was stored stored energy can be converted to mechanical energy and rotates to drive described reel.

2. winch as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described transformation of energy memory storage comprises fuel tank, Storage Unit, pump/motor;

Low pressure oil liquid is stored in described fuel tank;

Described Storage Unit can accumulation of energy and exoergic, when described Storage Unit accumulation of energy, the high-voltage oil liquid inputted from described pump/motor is converted to low pressure fluid and carries out storing and the hydraulic energy between high-voltage oil liquid and low pressure fluid is converted to potential energy and store by described Storage Unit; When described Storage Unit exoergic, the potential energy converting and energy that described Storage Unit is stored is hydraulic energy and forms high-voltage oil liquid by the low pressure fluid that the hydraulic energy of its conversion is stored to transport to described pump/motor;

Described pump/motor one end connects described second end, its other end connects described fuel tank and described Storage Unit respectively by pipeline, in described reel take-up process, the high-voltage oil liquid inputted from described Storage Unit is converted to low pressure fluid and transports to described fuel tank and the hydraulic energy between high-voltage oil liquid and low pressure fluid is converted to mechanical energy and rotate to drive described reel by described pump/motor; In described reel unwrapping wire process, the mechanical energy transmitted from described reel is converted to hydraulic energy and by the hydraulic energy of its conversion, the low pressure fluid inputted from described fuel tank is converted to high-voltage oil liquid by described pump/motor transports to described Storage Unit.

3. winch as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described Storage Unit is also connected with complementary energy unit, described complementary energy unit can fill into pressure lower than during setting pressure at the pressure of described Storage Unit inside in described Storage Unit.

4. winch as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described complementary energy unit comprises controller, oil pump, actuator; Described oil pump connects described Storage Unit and described fuel tank, and the low pressure fluid in described fuel tank can be inputed to described Storage Unit by it; Described actuator connects described oil pump to drive described oil pump; Described controller connects described actuator, when pressure in described Storage Unit inside is lower than described setting pressure, described controller starts described actuator, and when the pressure of described Storage Unit inside is not less than described Storage Unit maximum working pressure, described controller stops described actuator.

5. winch as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: be connected with check valve between described oil pump and described Storage Unit and be back to described oil pump to prevent the low pressure fluid in described Storage Unit.

6. winch as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: described first end and described second end built-in retarder respectively, described reel is connected with described driver train and described pump/motor by described retarder.

7. winch as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described retarder is planetary reduction gear.

8. winch as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described driver train is motor or HM Hydraulic Motor.

9. winch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Storage Unit is hydraulic bag type energy storage, its quantity is multiple.

10. an oil pumper, is characterized in that, comprising:

Support,

Install walking beam on the bracket, its one end is connected with horse head, and described horse head is connected with beam hanger with connecting with pumping rod; Its other end is connected with the reel of the winch as described in claim 1 to 9 any one.