CN104369345B - 行星螺杆流延挤出机 - Google Patents
行星螺杆流延挤出机 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104369345B CN104369345B CN201310348416.8A CN201310348416A CN104369345B CN 104369345 B CN104369345 B CN 104369345B CN 201310348416 A CN201310348416 A CN 201310348416A CN 104369345 B CN104369345 B CN 104369345B
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种行星螺杆流延挤出机,包括依次连接的真空喂料部分、送料预热部分、行星塑化段、多螺杆真空段、螺杆增压段、过滤装置、计量泵和衣架式模具;主变频电机依次带动送料螺杆;行星塑化段中的行星主螺杆、行星小螺杆;多螺杆真空段中心螺杆、排气螺杆;螺杆增压段的增压主螺杆和增压螺杆同时转动;真空喂料部分在真空状态下不间断连续供料;物料在行星塑化段剪切挤压成熔融状,物料中的水分气化分离出来并由多螺杆真空段完全排除。针对具有吸湿性问题的聚酯PET材料,在热塑性塑化时不用预先结晶干燥除湿,利用本发明行星螺杆流延挤出机,一次性解决结晶干燥除湿、熔融挤出铸片等问题,节能环保,产品质量更稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于塑料制品加工设备,具体涉及一种生产加工结晶体含湿材料而不需使用结晶干燥除湿机的流延挤出机设备。
背景技术塑料是现代文明生活当中一种不可或缺的日常用品制造材料,它涉及的使用范围之广和替代的品种种类之多已经到了我们无法离开它的地步。任何塑料在成型加工当中都得使用一种必不可少的挤出机设备,而挤出机的种类也有多种,比如:单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机、多螺杆挤出机、行星挤出机、布氏挤出机等。不同的挤出机也是有针对加工的不同材料而有选择性,比如单螺杆、双螺杆挤出机它有挤压力而没有塑化剪切混合效果,而多螺杆、行星挤出机它有塑化剪切混合效果而没有挤压力,所以我们在生产加工不同材料性能方面也要有针对性的选择不同类型的挤出设备。我们目前生产加工聚酯PET、PETG材料普遍采用的挤出设备是单螺杆、双螺杆挤出机,生产工艺流程是首先对材料结晶、接着是干燥然后再加入单螺杆、双螺杆挤出机高温挤出成型,简单而言加工工艺流程是,先结晶干燥,后熔融挤出流延铸片。其工艺流程存在很多缺陷,其1、辅机过多,致使设备占地面积大,维护繁琐,需定期更换干燥剂、加热器、过滤器等。其2、预先结晶干燥的时间太久,结晶需要2小时,干燥除湿需要4~5小时,其间造成的能源消耗也是巨大的。其3、结晶搅拌后产生的粉末大。其4、更换原料清理困难,清理时间约为2~3小时。其5、主机,单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机,结构相对比较简单,仅是对物料输送、挤压、利用外部热源而进行挤压熔解,致使效率低下,其6、主机对多种原料配混合生产没有搅合力。其7、全回收料二次加工产品质量达不到要求,不利于环保。所以说根据现有的生产工艺流程先结晶干燥、后熔融挤出的方法即:能耗大,产量低、生产工艺复杂、全回收料二次生产加工产品质量达不到要求、不利于环境保护等。
发明内容本发明所要解决的技术问题针对现有技术存在的缺陷而提供行星螺杆流延挤出机,根据聚酯PET材料所具有的吸湿性问题,在热塑性塑化当中,不使用结晶干燥除湿的前提下,在行星螺杆流延挤出机当中一次性解决结晶干燥除湿、熔融挤出铸片等问题,这将有利于节省大量能源,产品质量更稳定。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
行星螺杆流延挤出机,包括依次连接的真空喂料部分、送料预热部分、行星塑化段、多螺杆真空段、螺杆增压段、过滤装置、计量泵和衣架式模具;所述行星塑化段的行星主螺杆、行星小螺杆套在一起置于行星塑化螺筒内;所述多螺杆真空段的排气螺杆均匀排布在中心螺杆周围,并包囊在中心螺杆中,中心螺杆和排气螺杆套在一起置于真空筒中;所述螺杆增压段的增压主螺杆、增压螺杆置于增压筒内,增压主螺杆与多螺杆真空段中心螺杆连接,3根增压螺杆均匀排布在中心螺杆周围并与增压主螺杆啮合;所述的送料螺杆、行星塑化段行星主螺杆、多螺杆真空段中心螺杆、增压主螺杆依次通过内外花键连接;主变频电机依次带动送料螺杆;行星塑化段中的行星主螺杆、行星小螺杆;多螺杆真空段中心螺杆、排气螺杆;螺杆增压段的增压主螺杆和增压螺杆同时转动;真空喂料部分在保持真空状态下不间断连续供料;物料经送料预热部分进入行星塑化段,在行星塑化段剪切挤压成熔融状,物料中的水分会快速气化分离出来,气化的水份由多螺杆真空段完全排除。
所述的多螺杆真空段上设置有真空室;真空室设有观察窗。
所述的行星塑化段上设置有电加热圈,并配有散热风机;所述的多螺杆真空上设置有电加热圈,并配有散热风机;所述的螺杆增压段上设置有电热棒,并配有散热风机。
首先生产开机前,把整条流水线的各区温度按生产工艺要求调整到位,之后把免结晶干燥的物料(新料或全回收料)加入料斗喂料系统,料斗装有料位开关和观察窗口,以便控制料位多料少料现象,当料斗原料加满,关闭上料阀,料斗上设置的真空排气装置开始工作,直至料斗内真空度达到设定值,至此准备工作完成,开启下料阀,原料进入喂料室或喂料机,接下来由变频喂料驱动电机控制根据生产量的大小而进行对行星主机不间断性供料。
行星主机的驱动运转,由变频调速电机通过弹性联轴器驱动减速齿轮,减速齿轮低速轴通过花键连接驱动送料螺杆而运转。其中送料螺杆负责对物料的输送,送料螺筒充当物料的流道。
物料自进入行星塑化段受到高速剪切、挤压摩擦,因为行星三件啮合是具有螺旋齿轮式型面啮合运转,间隙极小、精度极高,这时的物料在塑化段由颗粒状或片状将剪切挤压成熔融状,至此剪切熔融状物料中的水分会快速气化从物料中分离,这时气化的水份通过行星小螺杆之间的间隙排至多螺杆真空段,熔融状物料也同时排入多螺杆真空段。
物料经行星塑化段挤出进入多螺杆真空段,未完全熔融粉状物料完全融化,水份充分分离出来,此时的气化水份由多螺杆真空段上设置的真空室,真空排气装置完全排除。
此时已完全真空塑化熔融状物料,由多螺杆真空段挤出到螺杆增压段。增压段由增压筒、主螺杆、增压螺杆组成。主螺杆与增压螺杆啮合并与包囊它们的增压筒一同形成密闭空间,当主螺杆旋转时物料增压排出。增压筒外部装有电热棒加热,并配有散热风机。
过滤器为液压自动换网器,其工作性能为过滤熔融状物料中的杂质,换网时间根据工作流量压力来确定,加热恒温装置为电热棒加热恒温。
计量泵其工作性能是恒定熔融状物料的压力流量,确保物料不会时多时少的因素出现,其驱动由变频电机通过万向节联接驱动,加热恒温装置为电热棒加热恒温。
熔融状物料经过计量泵进入熔体管道,再进入衣架式模具后从模唇口流延铸片,衣架式模具加热恒温装置为电热棒加热恒温。
本发明的行星螺杆流延挤出机,相对于现有技术其具体有益效果表现如下:
1、对生产加工结晶体材料,该设备不需要使用结晶干燥除湿机,这样有利于节省大量能源;
2、可以100﹪全回收材料加工,同样可以达到非常理想的效果,有利于环境保护;
3、产量大、能耗低;
4、产品质量更稳定、效果更佳,由于物料集结晶干燥除湿、塑化熔融挤出铸片,使物料一次性快速流动成型。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明第一实施例结构示意图;
图2为本发明第二实施例结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
1、第一真空喂料装置;2、第二真空喂料装置;
101、201第一、第二真空喂料装置下料位开关,
102、202第一、第二真空喂料装置上料位开关,
103、203第一、第二真空喂料装置搅拌机,
104、204第一、第二真空喂料装置上料阀,
105、205第一、第二真空喂料装置料斗,
106、206第一、第二真空喂料装置下料阀,
13喂料室,14喂料螺杆,15喂料驱动电机,16下料三通;17送料螺杆,
18送料外壳;19行星主螺杆,20行星小螺杆,21塑化螺筒,22止推环;
23真空室;24中心螺杆,25真空筒,26排气螺杆,27中心止推环;28主螺杆,29增压筒,30增压螺杆;31过滤器,32计量泵,
33衣架式模具;34主机传动减速箱,35主变频电机,36主机底座支架;
37螺旋上料机;38喂料机,39喂料机喂料螺杆。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
根据图1所示,行星螺杆流延挤出机,包括依次连接的真空喂料部分、送料预热部分、行星塑化段、多螺杆真空段、螺杆增压段、过滤装置、计量泵和衣架式模具;所述行星塑化段的行星主螺杆、行星小螺杆套在一起置于行星塑化螺筒内;所述多螺杆真空段的排气螺杆均匀排布在中心螺杆周围,并包囊在中心螺杆中,中心螺杆和排气螺杆套在一起置于真空筒中;所述螺杆增压段的增压主螺杆、增压螺杆置于增压筒内,增压主螺杆与多螺杆真空段中心螺杆连接,3根增压螺杆均匀排布在中心螺杆周围并与增压主螺杆啮合;所述的送料螺杆、行星塑化段行星主螺杆、多螺杆真空段中心螺杆、增压主螺杆依次通过内外花键连接;
主变频电机依次带动送料螺杆;行星塑化段中的行星主螺杆、行星小螺杆;多螺杆真空段中心螺杆、排气螺杆;螺杆增压段的增压主螺杆和增压螺杆同时转动;真空喂料部分在保持真空状态下不间断连续供料;物料经送料预热部分进入行星塑化段,在行星塑化段剪切挤压成熔融状,物料中的水分会快速气化分离出来,气化的水份由多螺杆真空段完全排除。
所述的多螺杆真空段设置有真空室,真空室设有观察窗。
所述的行星塑化段外侧设置有多个电热圈,并配有散热风机;所述的多螺杆真空段外侧设置有多个电热圈,并配有散热风机;所述的螺杆增压段设置有电热棒,并配有散热风机。
所述的真空喂料部分由第一真空喂料装置、第二真空喂料装置、内部设有喂料螺杆的喂料室及喂料驱动电机构成,第一、第二真空喂料装置固定在密闭的喂料室上方且与其相通,所述的第一、第二真空喂料装置,在真空状态下交替供料到喂料室,保持在不失压状态下连续供料;喂料驱动电机带动喂料螺杆将喂料室内的物料传送至送料预料部分。
所述第一、第二真空喂料装置由料斗及设置在料斗上的真空排气装置、上料阀装置、下料阀装置、搅拌装置和料位开关构成。
本发明设备工作时,首先将第一真空喂料装置上料阀104打开,原料进入第一真空喂料装置料斗105,原料装满第一真空喂料装置料斗105后关闭第一真空喂料装置上料阀104,并由第一真空喂料装置搅拌机103搅拌,第一真空喂料装置料斗105上的真空装置开始工作,直至第一真空喂料装置料斗105内的真空度达到设定值,这时开启第一真空喂料装置下料阀106,原料进入到喂料室13,再经过喂料室13中的喂料螺杆14,根据生产量的大小进行定量喂料,喂料螺杆14的运转有变频喂料驱动电机15驱动。
第一真空喂料装置1、第二真空喂料装置2是两个功能完全相同的料斗装置,交替为喂料室13供料。
当第一真空喂料装置料斗105在下料工作时,第二真空喂料装置料斗205中的第二真空喂料装置下料阀206关闭,第二真空喂料装置上料阀204开启进行上料,原料上满关闭第二真空喂料装置上料阀204,第二真空喂料装置上的真空装置开始工作,直至第二真空喂料装置料斗205内的真空度达到设定值,第二真空喂料装置料斗205准备完毕。当第一真空喂料装置料斗105内原料状态达到第一真空喂料装置下料位开关101时,关闭第一真空喂料装置下料阀106,开启第二真空喂料装置下料阀206,第二真空喂料装置料斗205内原料进入喂料室13,第一真空喂料装置上料阀104开启上料,至此重复第二真空喂料装置料斗205上料的相同动作。就这样料斗第一真空喂料装置1、第二真空喂料装置2交替为喂料室13供料。在生产时,应保证第一、第二真空喂料装置的两个料斗,其中一个料斗内的原料还未用尽前,另一个料斗已装好原料并处于真空准备状态。
原料经过喂料室13进入下料三通16,后自由下料到送料预热部分,主变频电机35经主机传动减速箱34驱动送料螺杆17运转,原料由送料螺杆17送入行星塑化段后,由塑化段塑化螺筒21和行星主螺杆19和行星小螺杆20剪切挤压塑化。
其中塑化螺筒21内表面是特殊的螺旋齿轮式型面供行星小螺杆20螺旋齿轮式型面啮合运转。行星主螺杆19运转驱动是由送料螺杆17花键连接同步运转。原材料进入行星塑化段之后,进行剪切、磨碎、高温挤压,物料由颗粒状态磨碎成粉末状态,再经过高温,物料从粉末状变成熔融状态,物料中所含的水分排出并迅速气化,产生的气体与熔融状物料一同挤压排出至多螺杆真空段。
物料进入多螺杆真空段,由真空段中心螺杆24和排气螺杆26表面的螺旋槽旋转对熔融状物料进行输送,并置于真空筒25中,真空筒上设置有真空室23。多螺杆真空段中心螺杆24运转驱动是和行星主螺杆19花键连接同步驱动运转。熔融状物料自行星塑化段挤出到多螺杆真空段后,经真空段中心螺杆24和排气螺杆26表面的螺旋槽旋转输送,并维持物料熔融状态。再由设置在真空段上的真空室23,排气装置充分排出塑化中产生的气体,完全真空后的熔融状物料随着中心螺杆24和排气螺杆26的运转排出至螺杆增压段。
完全真空后的物料进入到螺杆增压段,由增压段的增压主螺杆28与增压螺杆30啮合和增压筒29三者共同形成的密闭空间对物料进行增压输送。增压段主螺杆28的运转驱动是和真空段中心螺杆24花键连接同步驱动运转。真空熔融状物料自多螺杆真空段排出进入由增压段主螺杆28与增压螺杆30啮合和增压筒29三者共同形成的密闭空间中,螺杆旋转使密闭空间不断形成并被物料填满并向前排出,从而完成物料的增压排出,再进入到过滤器31。
过滤器31是由电热棒加热恒温,其熔融状物料的杂质通过过滤器的过滤网而滤清。熔融状物料经过过滤器31后进入到计量泵32,计量泵32是有电热棒加热恒温,其驱动运转是由变频电机通过万向节联接驱动,其内部是齿轮式旋转结构。熔融状物料经过计量泵32排送至衣架模具33,其中计量泵32可以提供恒定稳定计量生产,不会造成忽多忽少现象。衣架式模具33是由电热棒加热恒温,其熔融状物料经计量泵排出至模头的模唇口而流延铸片。
主机底座支架36是一个型钢结构,供主电机、减速齿轮箱和机筒支撑。
电器控制部分:电器控制部分主要有喂料电机、计量泵电机和行星主电机,都采用变频调速装置,可独立调速或同步调速。
主机电热控制部分:全部采用PLC控制,设定温度正负1度。最高温度320度。
模具电热控制部分:对过滤器、计量泵、衣架式模具进行恒温加热,全部采用PLC控制,设定温度正负1度。最高温度320度。
真空压力控制部分:负责对多螺杆真空段真空室排出的气体真空,负责对料斗内原料的真空,根据设定的真空压力值自动控制。
实施例2:
图2为本发明第二实施例结构示意图。
本发明第二实施例与第一实施例的不同在于真空喂料部分。
如图2所示,本发明第二实施例真空喂料部分由第一真空喂料装置1、螺旋上料机37,第二真空喂料装置2和喂料机38构成,第一、第二真空喂料装置由料斗及设备在料斗上的真空排气装置、上料阀装置、下料阀装置、搅拌装置和料位开关构成;第一真空喂料装置下料阀与螺旋上料机37进料口相连接,螺旋上料机37出料口与第二真空喂料装置上料阀204相连接,第二真空喂料装置下料阀与喂料机38相连接;第一真空喂料装置在真空状态下为第二真空喂料装置供料,第二真空喂料装置在真空状态下经喂料机为本发明设备送料预热部分连续供料。
本发明设备工作时,首先确认第二真空喂料装置上料阀204处于关闭状态,开启第二真空喂料装置料斗205上的真空装置,直至第二真空喂料装置料斗205内的真空度达到设定值,料斗准备完毕。
将第一真空喂料装置上料阀102打开,原料进入第一真空喂料装置料斗105,原料装满料斗后关闭第一真空喂料装置上料阀102,并由第一真空喂料装置搅拌机103搅拌,第一真空喂料装置料斗105上的真空装置开始工作,直至第一真空喂料装置料斗105内的真空度达到设定值;这时开启第二真空喂料装置上料阀204,原料通过螺旋上料机37进入第二真空喂料装置料斗205,当第二真空喂料装置料斗205装满后关闭第二真空喂料装置上料阀204;
然后,第一真空喂料装置1重复上述上料工作,装好原料并处于真空准备状态。
装好原料的第二真空喂料装置2再经过喂料机38中的喂料机喂料螺杆39,根据生产量的大小进行定量喂料,喂料机喂料螺杆39的运转由喂料驱动电机15驱动。
本发明真空喂料部分工作状态下,应保证第二真空喂料装置料斗内的原料还未用尽前,第一真空喂料装置1已装好原料并处于真空准备状态,等待上料。
本实施例中,第一真空喂料装置1在真空状态下为第二真空喂料装置2供料,第二真空喂料装置2在真空状态下经喂料机38为本发明设备送料预热部分连续供料。
上述实施例1、实施例2仅作为对本发明的解释,凡采用等同技术手段置换所得的技术方案,均在本发明权利要求的保持范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.行星螺杆流延挤出机,其特征是:包括依次连接的真空喂料部分、送料预热部分、行星塑化段、多螺杆真空段、螺杆增压段、过滤装置、计量泵和衣架式模具;所述行星塑化段的行星主螺杆、行星小螺杆套在一起置于行星塑化螺筒内;所述多螺杆真空段的排气螺杆均匀排布在中心螺杆周围,中心螺杆和排气螺杆套在一起置于真空筒中;所述螺杆增压段的增压主螺杆、增压螺杆置于增压筒内,增压主螺杆与多螺杆真空段中心螺杆连接,3根增压螺杆均匀排布在中心螺杆周围并与增压主螺杆啮合;送料螺杆、行星塑化段行星主螺杆、多螺杆真空段中心螺杆、增压主螺杆依次通过内外花键连接;主变频电机依次带动送料螺杆;行星塑化段中的行星主螺杆、行星小螺杆;多螺杆真空段中心螺杆、排气螺杆;螺杆增压段的增压主螺杆和增压螺杆同时转动;真空喂料部分在保持真空状态下不间断连续供料;物料经送料预热部分进入行星塑化段,在行星塑化段剪切挤压成熔融状,物料中的水分会快速气化分离出来,气化的水份由多螺杆真空段完全排除。
2.根据权利要求1所述的行星螺杆流延挤出机,其特征是:所述的真空喂料部分由第一真空喂料装置、第二真空喂料装置、内部设有喂料螺杆的喂料室,及喂料驱动电机构成,第一、第二真空喂料装置固定在密闭的喂料室上方且与其相通,所述的第一、第二真空喂料装置,在真空状态下交替供料到喂料室,保持在不失压状态下连续供料;喂料驱动电机带动喂料螺杆将喂料室内的物料传送至送料预料部分。
3.根据权利要求2所述的行星螺杆流延挤出机,其特征是:所述第一、第二真空喂料装置由料斗及设置在料斗上的真空排气装置、上料阀装置、下料阀装置、搅拌装置和料位开关构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的行星螺杆流延挤出机,其特征是:所述的真空喂料部分由第一真空喂料装置、螺旋上料机,第二真空喂料装置和喂料机构成;所述的第一、第二真空喂料装置由料斗及设备在料斗上的真空排气装置、上料阀装置、下料阀装置、搅拌装置和料位开关构成;第一真空喂料装置下料阀与螺旋上料机进料口相连接,螺旋上料机出料口与第二真空喂料装置上料阀相连接,第二真空喂料装置下料阀与喂料机相连接;第一真空喂料装置在真空状态下为第二真空喂料装置供料,第二真空喂料装置在真空状态下经喂料机为本发明设备送料预热部分连续供料。
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