CN104361416B - A kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method considering extensive electric vehicle access - Google Patents
A kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method considering extensive electric vehicle access Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Operation of Electric Systems and scheduling field, are related to a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method considering extensive electric vehicle access.Charge and discharge strategy of the present invention from two hierarchical research electric vehicles of power transmission network and power distribution network, the electric vehicle optimal charging time is obtained from power transmission network, and then the optimal charge position of electric vehicle in power distribution network is instructed, and the load of distribution network is all concentrated on as shown in Figure 1 on a certain node on power transmission network.The present invention has also considered the coordinative role of wind-powered electricity generation, Ji He and thermal power generation unit and electric vehicle charge and discharge, and proposes effective suggestion to the time of electric vehicle charge and discharge and position with the model.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Operation of Electric Systems and scheduling field, are related to a kind of power grid considering extensive electric vehicle access
Dual-layer optimization dispatching method.
Background technology
Currently, coal is still very high in primary energy consumes proportion, although coal resources reserves are abundant, its production disappears
Greenhouse gases caused by during taking and pollutant excess emissions increasingly increase the pressure of environmental protection.In addition to this, it has visited
Bright oil, gas reserves wretched insufficiency.Therefore, structure is stablized, is economical, cleaning, the energy supply system of safety faces one
Serial significant challenge.
Energy-efficient, environment-friendly automobiles of the electric vehicle (Electric Vehicle, EV) as a new generation are to use electric power generation
Automobile is driven for traditional oil, the trend of energy shortage can be alleviated, is the inexorable trend of automobile industry development.And
Electric vehicle has the dual identity of controllable burden and power supply, the load that it can be considered power grid when charging, and when electric discharge can be considered electricity
The power supply of net, electric vehicle provide opportunity to improve the economical operation of power grid.However, if large-scale electric vehicle connects simultaneously
Enter power grid, unordered charge and discharge behavior will bring powerful impact to power grid, may make power grid running overload, influence power grid
Safety and economy.Therefore, the electric vehicle for accessing power grid is included in the Scheduling System of power grid, research electric vehicle uniformly fills
Electric discharge strategy, this has important theory for the economy for improving operation of power networks while meeting electric vehicle charge requirement
Value and practical significance.
Currently, scholar should access power grid to electric vehicle has carried out numerous studies.But it yet there are no from power transmission network and power distribution network
Double level studies the report and related article of electric vehicle charge and discharge strategy.Research in relation to this respect is also in blank.
Invention content
The present invention is mainly the technical problem solved present in the prior art；It provides a kind of from power transmission network and power distribution network two
The charge and discharge strategy of a hierarchical research electric vehicle obtains the electric vehicle optimal charging time from power transmission network, and then instructs distribution
The power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method of the extensive electric vehicle access of a kind of consideration of the optimal charge position of electric vehicle in net.
Further object of the present invention is the technical problem solved present in the prior art；It provides one kind and having considered wind
Electricity, Ji He and thermal power generation unit and the coordinative role of electric vehicle charge and discharge, and with the model to electric vehicle charge and discharge
The time and position of electricity propose a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization scheduling of the extensive electric vehicle access of the consideration effectively suggested
Method.
The above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly to be addressed by following technical proposals：
A kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method considering extensive electric vehicle access, which is characterized in that based on optimization
The foundation of model, including：Upper layer Optimized model based on Unit Combination model and lower layer's optimization based on optimal load flow model
Model, lower layer's Optimized model based on optimal load flow model are the results of the upper layer Optimized model based on Unit Combination model
It establishes, specifically：
Model one：Upper layer Optimized model based on Unit Combination model, is defined as power transmission network Optimized model, specific method
It is：With the PM2.5 discharge capacitys comprising coal-fired cost, thermal power generation unit and start-up and shut-down costs, user's charging cost, wind cutting cost six
The social cost of a aspect is minimum target；With system charge balance, retain regulation spare capacity, the output of generator, unit
Climbing rate, unit minimum operation and unused time, the quantity of electric vehicle and charge and discharge time, wind cutting electricity be constraint item
Part obtains the power transmission network Optimized model based on Unit Combination model, which obtains the result is that t moment under scene s
Electric vehicle charge and discharge quantity；
Model two：Lower layer's Optimized model based on optimal load flow model, is defined as the foundation of distribution network Optimized model, base
In the optimum results of the acquisition from power transmission network：The electric vehicle charge and discharge quantity optimization of t moment is as a result, obtain electricity under scene s
The optimal location of electrical automobile charge and discharge in power distribution network, specific method are using the minimal energy loss of power distribution network as optimal objective；
With electricity in active and reactive balance, node voltage size, power distribution network safety condition, node electric automobile battery charger quantity, region
Electrical automobile quantity and total electric vehicle quantity are the Optimized model that constraints obtains power distribution network；
The power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method of the extensive electric vehicle access of the consideration is based on described two Optimized models, packet
Include following steps：
Step 1, the electric vehicle optimal charge and discharge time is found in the optimization of power transmission network；Based on from different electricity price curves
With electric vehicle permeability, it is bent to consider that user's electric vehicle use habit and user receive situation, load to charge and discharge price
The smooth situation of line, and using social cost as minimum target；Comparison show that guiding user realizes the price curve in optimal charging time,
Further instruct electric vehicle optimal charge and discharge electric position in power distribution network；
Step 2：The optimal charge and discharge electric position of electric vehicle is found in the optimization of distribution network；Based on automobile user reality
Electric vehicle charge-discharge region is divided into residential quarter, shopping centre and office by service condition in conjunction with the optimum results of transmission line of electricity
Area, and mobility status in electric vehicle 24 hours is arranged according to actual conditions in proportion；Comparison is without electric vehicle and different proportion
Electric vehicle distribution mobility status the optimal charge and discharge electric position of electric vehicle is obtained with the minimum target of via net loss.
The present invention obtains electricity from the charge and discharge strategy of two hierarchical research electric vehicles of power transmission network and power distribution network from power transmission network
The electrical automobile optimal charging time, and then the optimal charge position of electric vehicle in power distribution network is instructed, and the load of distribution network such as Fig. 1
It is shown all to concentrate on a certain node on power transmission network.The present invention also considered wind-powered electricity generation, Ji He and thermal power generation unit with
And the coordinative role of electric vehicle charge and discharge, and the time of electric vehicle charge and discharge and position are proposed effectively with the model
Suggestion.This method emulates power transmission network with the transmission system for accommodating 10 monoblocks of 110MW wind power plants, with IEEE33
The distributed power grid of node emulates power distribution network, due to all scenes do not have it is interrelated, so the present invention only studies one
Kind scene.
In a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method of the above-mentioned extensive electric vehicle access of consideration, which is characterized in that
The power transmission network Optimized model based on following object function：
Wherein, T is the sum of time, NgIt is the sum of firepower unit, W is the sum of wind power plant；E { } indicates all scenes
Under mathematic expectaion；ui,tIt is operating statuses of the unit i in t moment, 1 indicates operation, and 0 indicates shutdown；CeIt is PM2.5 burst sizes
Punishment cost；CwIt is to cut wind power cost,The wind cutting electricity for t periods that are wind power plant at scene s, the probability of scene are
Prs。
In a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method of the above-mentioned extensive electric vehicle access of consideration, the power transmission network
In Optimized model, minimum target is based on following formula and definition：
Minimum target one：Coal-fired cost, in the power system, the coal-fired cost of fired power generating unit is the secondary letter of unit output
Number；
Wherein, ai, biAnd ciIt is the positive coal-fired coefficient of unit i；It is the output of unit i t moments at scene s；
Minimum target two：PM2.5 discharge capacitys, according to electrical energy production environment needs, exhaust emissions should also be taken into account；In
State is influenced very seriously by haze, and thermal power generation is the main source of PM2.5；As an optimization aim, fired power generating unit PM2.5's
Discharge capacity can be expressed as the quadratic function of unit output；
Wherein, Aar is dust average weight percent (%) in coal, and default value is 20；ω is that flue dust is converted into PM2.5
Conversion coefficient (%), default value is 5.1；η is that discharge reduces coefficient (%), and default value is 99；The discharge capacity of one unit is just
Than in coal consumption amount, αi,βiAnd γiIt is the consumption coal measures number of unit；
Minimum target three：Be switched on cost, restarts the booting cost of the thermal power generation unit of shutdown and the temperature of boiler
It is related；In the present invention, the jump function of start-up cost related with temperature is related with the transit time of cold start-up to thermal starting；
Wherein,It is the thermal starting cost of unit i,It is the cold start-up cost of unit i,It is unit i in period t
The lasting unused time；It is that the minimum of unit i continues the unused time,It is the unit i cold start-up times；
Minimum target four：Shutdown cost, the shutdown cost of thermal electric generator group is constant, is 0 in modular system intermediate value；
Minimum target five：User's charging cost, user's charging cost are the economic consumptions of all automobile users, can be by
Charging cost subtracts electric discharge income and calculates；
Wherein, ρc,tAnd ρd,tIt is the charge and discharge electricity price of t moment respectively；WithIt is the electricity of t moment under scene s respectively
Electrical automobile charge and discharge quantity；PcAnd PdIt is the average charge-discharge electric power of electric vehicle respectively；Δ t is time span, is in the present invention
One hour；
Minimum target six：Wind power cost is cut, the minimum target of wind power cost will be cut and take into account object function.
In a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method of the above-mentioned extensive electric vehicle access of consideration, the power transmission network
In Optimized model, constraints is based on following formula and definition：
Constraints one：Electric quantity balancing, the main problem of electric power system dispatching is to ensure the equilibrium of supply and demand, so from all
The electricity of the generating set of operation, the discharge capacity of electric vehicle and wind power plant has to meet base load and electricity in any time
The needs of electrical automobile charging；
Wherein, DtIt is the base load of t moment,It is the prediction wind-force of t moment of the wind power plant at scene s；
Constraints three：Generator output constrains, and each unit has the units limits of oneself, restriction range as follows：
Wherein,It is the minimum load of unit i；
Constraints four：Climbing rate, the interior variation range contributed of each unit adjacent time inter are constrained by climbing rate；
Wherein, Ru,iAnd Rd,iIt is the upper and lower climbing rate of unit i respectively；
Constraints five：The minimum on/off time, for a unit regardless of whether running, this unit is changing fortune
Booting or one minimum time of cut-off operation must be kept before row state, so the minimum on/off time can indicate as follows:
Wherein,WithIndicate that unit i remains operational the duration with off-mode in t moment respectively；
WithThe unit i minimum startup and shutdown times are indicated respectively；
Constraints six：Electric vehicle quantity, at each moment, the electric vehicle quantity that can be used for charge and discharge can be under
Surface function calculates；
Wherein,WithIndicate that t moment can be used for the maximum number of charge and discharge electric automobile respectively；
Constraints seven：The charge and discharge time, in order to provide sufficient electric energy to electric vehicle, the charging time cannot be too short；
In order to make electric vehicle, there are sufficient electricity to meet trip needs；All electric vehicle charge and discharge time-constrains are as follows；
Wherein,WithRespectively represent the electric vehicle total quantity that can be used for charge and discharge；ΔtcWith Δ tdTable respectively
Show that electric vehicle is averaged the charge and discharge time；
Constraints eight：Wind cutting amount constrains, and the relationship of wind cutting amount and wind-force prediction indicates as follows；
Wherein,Indicate prediction wind-force.
In a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method of the above-mentioned extensive electric vehicle access of consideration, the distribution network
Optimized model is based on following object function：
Wherein, E [*] indicates the mathematic expectaion of all scenes,It is all network loss of the power distribution network in the t periods.
In a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method of the above-mentioned extensive electric vehicle access of consideration, constraints is based on
Following formula and definition：
Constraints one：Active and reactive Constraints of Equilibrium, each node all must satisfy active and reactive balance；So：
Wherein, K is all nodes other than balance nodes,WithIt is node alpha respectively at scene s when t
Carve the active power and reactive power sent out；PDα,tAnd QDα,tIt is that node alpha t moment at scene s is active and load or burden without work respectively；WithIt is node alpha t moment electric vehicle charge and discharge quantity at scene s respectively；WithIt is node alpha respectively
What t moment was transmitted at scene s is active and idle, they are calculated by following equation：
Wherein,WithIt is the voltage of node alpha and the j t moment at scene s respectively；GαjAnd BαjIt is admittance matrix respectively
It is real number and imaginary part；It is the phase difference of node alpha and the j t moment at scene s；
Constraints two：Node voltage constrains, in order to ensure that power quality and power grid security, node voltage must satisfy
Minimum and maximum constraint；
Wherein, Vα,maxAnd Vα,minIt is the top/bottom latitude of node voltage respectively；
Constraints three：Power system security constraints, in order to ensure that the safe operation of power grid, the transmission capacity of circuit should limit
In a certain range；
Wherein, Pαj,maxIt is the maximum transfer capacity of circuit α-j；It is the biography of transmission line of electricity α-j t moments at scene s
Trnamission capacity can be calculated by following formula：
Constraints four：The number of node charging pile constrains；Each node has a certain number of charging piles, so energy
The electric vehicle maximum quantity for being connected to power grid presses face constraint：
Wherein, Nα,maxIt is the quantity of node alpha charging pile；
Constraints five：Region electric vehicle number constraint, due to the mobility of electric vehicle, electric vehicle in region
Quantity is variation；Can be used for the electric vehicle quantity of charge and discharge in certain region can indicate as follows：
Wherein,WithIndicate that i t moments at scene s in region can be used for the number of the electric vehicle of charge and discharge respectively
Amount；
Constraints six：Electric vehicle total amount constrains, and the sum that the electric vehicle of charge and discharge is can be used in region should
Meet upper layer operation plan；
Wherein, I indicates all areas；WithThe quantity of t moment charge and discharge electric automobile under scene s is indicated respectively,
This determines the operation plan of power distribution network by power transmission network.
Therefore, the invention has the advantages that：1. reasonable design, simple in structure, noise is smaller and complete practicality；2. entire
The output zero of test device will not variation with temperature and change, thus largely reduce test error；3. will not
The output signal of whole device is set to generate non-linear.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of power transmission network and power distribution network in bi-level optimal model according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 a are electric vehicle charge and discharge price curves (constant price) involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 b are electric vehicle charge and discharge price curves (timesharing charge) involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 c are electric vehicle charge and discharge price curve (the different timesharing meters of price involved in the embodiment of the present invention
Take).
Fig. 3 a are the Unit Combination results of case 1 in scene 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 b are the Unit Combination results of case 2 in scene 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 c are the Unit Combination results of case 3 in scene 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 d are the Unit Combination results of case 4 in scene 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 e are the Unit Combination results of case 5 in scene 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 f are the Unit Combination results of case 6 in scene 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 a are the electric vehicle charge and discharge plans of case 2 in scene 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 b are the electric vehicle charge and discharge plans of case 3 in scene 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 c are the electric vehicle charge and discharge plans of case 4 in scene 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 d are the electric vehicle charge and discharge plans of case 5 in scene 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 e are the electric vehicle charge and discharge plans of case 6 in scene 1 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is electric vehicle involved in embodiment of the present invention flowing information in a network.
Fig. 6 is base load curve involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 a are electric vehicle charging program results in case 8 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 b are electric vehicle electric discharge program results in case 8 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 a are electric vehicle charging program results in case 9 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 b are electric vehicle electric discharge program results in case 9 involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is balance nodes load curve involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is via net loss curve in power distribution network involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Below with reference to the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawing the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described.
One, the specific method of the present invention is introduced first：
The present invention is based on the foundation of two Optimized models, including：Upper layer Optimized model based on Unit Combination model and
Lower layer's Optimized model based on optimal load flow model, lower layer's Optimized model based on optimal load flow model is to be based on machine
The result of the upper layer Optimized model of built-up pattern is organized to establish, is specifically described as follows：
(1) it is based on the upper layer optimisation strategy of Unit Combination (UC) model
From the perspective of transmission system, upper layer optimal coordination thermal power generation unit and electric vehicle are to obtain power grid
The containment of the more preferable economic benefit and wind-powered electricity generation of operation.In view of the randomness and intermittence of wind-powered electricity generation, it is proposed that one kind being based on day
Preceding scene UC models coordinate the relationship between generating set, electric vehicle and wind-power electricity generation, base load.
A. object function.
In order to optimize wind-powered electricity generation, electric vehicle and thermal power generation unit, the purpose of upper layer functions makes comprising six aspects
Social cost is minimum, this can be described in detail below.
1. coal-fired cost.
In the power system, the coal-fired cost of fired power generating unit is the quadratic function of unit output.
Here ai, biAnd ciIt is the positive coal-fired coefficient of unit i.It is the output of unit i t moments at scene s.
2.PM2.5 discharge capacitys.
According to electrical energy production environment needs, exhaust emissions should also be taken into account.China is influenced very serious, firepower by haze
Power generation is the main source of PM2.5.As an optimization aim, the discharge capacity of fired power generating unit PM2.5 can be expressed as unit and go out
The quadratic function of power.
Here Aar is dust average weight percent (%) in coal, and default value is 20.ω is that flue dust is converted into PM2.5
Conversion coefficient (%), default value is 5.1.η is that discharge reduces coefficient (%), and default value is 99.The discharge capacity of one unit is just
Than in coal consumption amount, αi,βiAnd γiIt is the consumption coal measures number of unit.
3. be switched on cost.
The booting cost for restarting the thermal power generation unit shut down is related with the temperature of boiler.In the present invention, with temperature
The jump function of related start-up cost is related with the transit time of cold start-up to thermal starting.
Here,It is the thermal starting cost of unit i,It is the cold start-up cost of unit i,It is unit i in period t
The lasting unused time.It is that the minimum of unit i continues the unused time,It is the unit i cold start-up times.
4. cost of shutting down.
The shutdown cost of thermal electric generator group is constant, is 0. in modular system intermediate value
5. user's charging cost.
User's charging cost is the economic consumption of all automobile users, and electric discharge income meter can be subtracted by charging cost
It calculates.
Here, ρc,tAnd ρd,tIt is the charge and discharge electricity price of t moment respectively；WithIt is the electricity of t moment under scene s respectively
Electrical automobile charge and discharge quantity；PcAnd PdIt is the average charge-discharge electric power of electric vehicle respectively；Δ t is time span, is in the present invention
One hour.
6. cutting wind power cost.
In order to improve the utilization of regenerative resource, object function should be taken into account by cutting wind power cost.
Although the output of unit can be adjusted according to different scenes, the generation schedule of general unit is by day
Preload prediction is determined.So our optimization aim is booting cost and the electric system operating cost under different scenes
The sum of mathematic expectaion minimum.Therefore, consider thermal power generation unit, automobile user, wind-powered electricity generation and power grid, upper layer optimization
Object function can indicate as follows.
Here, T is the sum of time, NgIt is the sum of firepower unit, W is the sum of wind power plant.E { } indicates all scenes
Under mathematic expectaion.ui,tIt is operating statuses of the unit i in t moment, 1 indicates operation, and 0 indicates shutdown.CeIt is PM2.5 burst sizes
Punishment cost.CwIt is to cut wind power cost,The wind cutting electricity for t periods that are wind power plant at scene s, the probability of scene are
Prs
B. constraints.
1. electric quantity balancing.
The main problem of electric power system dispatching is to ensure the equilibrium of supply and demand.So generating set from all operations, electronic
The discharge capacity of automobile and the electricity of wind power plant have to meet the needs of base load and electric vehicle charging in any time.
Here, DtIt is the base load of t moment,It is the prediction wind-force of t moment of the wind power plant at scene s.
2. spinning reserve.
It is necessary there are sufficient spinning reserve to improve the reliability of system.
Here,It is the maximum output of unit i, RtIt is the stand-by equipment of t moment system.
3. generator output constrains.
Each unit has the units limits of oneself, restriction range as follows：
Here,It is the minimum load of unit i.
4. climbing rate.
The variation range contributed in each unit adjacent time inter is constrained by climbing rate.
Here, Ru,iAnd Rd,iIt is the upper and lower climbing rate of unit i respectively.
5. the minimum on/off time.
For one unit regardless of whether running, this unit must keep the fortune that is switched on or shuts down before changing operating status
One minimum time of row, thus the minimum on/off time can indicate as follows:
Here,WithIndicate that unit i remains operational the duration with off-mode in t moment respectively.
WithThe unit i minimum startup and shutdown times are indicated respectively.
6. electric vehicle quantity.
At each moment, can be used for the electric vehicle quantity of charge and discharge can be calculated by lower surface function.
Here,WithIndicate that t moment can be used for the maximum number of charge and discharge electric automobile respectively.
7. the charge and discharge time.
In order to provide sufficient electric energy to electric vehicle, the charging time cannot be too short.In order to make electric vehicle, there are abundances
Electricity meets trip needs.All electric vehicle charge and discharge time-constrains are as follows.
Here,WithRespectively represent the electric vehicle total quantity that can be used for charge and discharge.ΔtcWith Δ tdTable respectively
Show that electric vehicle is averaged the charge and discharge time.
8. wind cutting amount constrains.
Wind cutting amount and the relationship of wind-force prediction can indicate as follows.
Here,Indicate prediction wind-force.
(2) it is based on lower layer's optimisation strategy of optimal load flow model (OPF).
Lower layer's optimization is the supplement optimized to upper layer.The balance nodes of distribution system become in the low-pressure side of step-down transformer
Depressor high-pressure side is the node of power transmission network.
Based on the upper layer optimization from power transmission networkWithOptimum results, lower layer optimization target be planning it is electronic
The optimal location of automobile charge and discharge in power distribution network.The present invention, which proposes lower layer's Optimized model based on OPF models, makes power distribution network
Electric energy loss it is minimum.
In view of the mobility of automobile user.One city can be divided into three typical functional areas：Residential block, quotient
Industry area and Office Area.On daytime, most of electric vehicle is docked in workspace.At night, most of electric vehicle, which berths, is in
In.
A. object function.
The operation of distribution system is more likely to reduce the energy loss of power transmission network, reduces the cost of distribution network operation；Therefore
It is target to reduce energy loss.All scenes are the same for upper layer.Object function can be defined as follows.
Here, E [*] indicates the mathematic expectaion of all scenes,It is all network loss of the power distribution network in the t periods.
B. constraints.
1. active and reactive Constraints of Equilibrium.
Each node all must satisfy active and reactive balance.So：
Here, K is all nodes other than balance nodes,WithIt is node alpha respectively at scene s when t
Carve the active power and reactive power sent out.PDα,tAnd QDα,tIt is that node alpha t moment at scene s is active and load or burden without work respectively.WithIt is node alpha t moment electric vehicle charge and discharge quantity at scene s respectively.WithIt is node alpha respectively
What t moment was transmitted at scene s is active and idle, they can be calculated by following equation：
Here,WithIt is the voltage of node alpha and the j t moment at scene s respectively；GαjAnd BαjIt is admittance matrix respectively
It is real number and imaginary part；It is the phase difference of node alpha and the j t moment at scene s.
2. node voltage constrains.
In order to ensure that power quality and power grid security, node voltage must satisfy minimum and maximum constraint.
Here, Vα,maxAnd Vα,minIt is the top/bottom latitude of node voltage respectively.
3. power system security constraints.
In order to ensure that the safe operation of power grid, the transmission capacity of circuit should limit in a certain range.
Here, Pαj,maxIt is the maximum transfer capacity of circuit α-j；It is the biography of transmission line of electricity α-j t moments at scene s
Trnamission capacity can be calculated by following formula：
4. the number of node charging pile constrains.
Each node has a certain number of charging piles, so the electric vehicle maximum quantity that can connect to power grid is pressed
Face constraint：
Here, Nα,maxIt is the quantity of node alpha charging pile.
5. region electric vehicle number constraint.
Due to the mobility of electric vehicle, the quantity of electric vehicle is variation in region.It can be used for filling in certain region
The electric vehicle quantity of electric discharge can indicate as follows：
Here,WithIndicate that i t moments at scene s in region can be used for the number of the electric vehicle of charge and discharge respectively
Amount.
6. electric vehicle total amount constrains.
Can be used for the sum of the electric vehicle of charge and discharge in region should meet upper layer operation plan.
Here, I indicates all areas；WithThe quantity of t moment charge and discharge electric automobile under scene s is indicated respectively,
This determines the operation plan of power distribution network by power transmission network.
Two, it is the concrete case of method implementation using the present invention below：
This part will illustrate the dual-layer optimization to electric vehicle charge and discharge with the system model comprising power transmission network and power distribution network
The validity of planning strategy planning.Power transmission network is emulated with 10 unit transmission systems of the wind power plant comprising a 110MW, with
IEEE33 node power distributions network emulates power distribution network, and the node 0 in IEEE33 node systems is balance nodes, which is decompression
The low-pressure side of transformer, the high-pressure side of transformer are the nodes of 10 monoblock power transmission networks.The load of distribution network concentrates on defeated
On a certain node on power grid.
Transmission system emulates
The burden requirement of 10 monoblocks and element characteristics reference literature [28].The Ramp Rate bibliography of monoblock
[29].Assuming that unit booting climbing rate and climbing rate of shutting down are equal to the minimum load of monoblock.The startup and shutdown time is all
1h[30].The coal consumption coefficient of unit can be obtained by document [31].All scenes of wind-powered electricity generation can be obtained by document [32].Wind power output
It is multiplied by proportionality coefficient 0.2 equal to total installed capacity.Spinning reserve capacity hypothesis is the 10% of burden requirement, total planning time
It is for 24 hours.The total quantity of electric vehicle is 150000 in power transmission network overlay area, it is assumed that all electric vehicles can participate in charge and discharge
Electricity.The average charge time of electric vehicle and discharge time are 6h and 3h respectively.Electric vehicle average charge power is 1.8W, is filled
Discharge frequency is 1 times/day.Present invention assumes that can be used for the electric vehicle maximum quantity of charge and discharge in different moments is constant.It examines
Consider some electric vehicles on the way, some electric vehicles are because worrying that battery life or SOC are reluctant that intention power grid discharges.WithIt is respectively set as the 95% and 40% of electric vehicle sum.The punishment cost C of PM2.5eIt is 3000 beautiful yuan/ton.Wind cutting is punished
Penalize cost CwIt is 100 dollars/MWh.
For the influence for analyzing different electricity price curves and electric vehicle permeability optimizes upper layer, consider in upper layer optimizes
Six kinds of situations.The electricity price curve of charge and discharge is as shown in Figure 2.
Case 1：Electric vehicle is not considered in optimization process.
Case 2：There are 150000 amount electric vehicles in system, the electricity price of charge and discharge is identical in one day and is constant, charge and discharge
Shown in electric price curve such as Fig. 2 (a).
Case 3：There are 150000 amount electric vehicles in system, the electricity price of charge and discharge is identical in one day but variation with load
It can be fluctuated, shown in charge and discharge price curve such as Fig. 2 (b).
Case 4：There are 150000 amount electric vehicles in system, the price that charges and case 3 are identical, discharge within the heavy load time
Price is higher than charging price, so it is more attractive to discharge electric vehicle.Charge and discharge price curve such as figure Fig. 2 (c).
Case 5：There are 100000 electric vehicles in system, price curve is the same as case 4.
Case 6：There are 50000 electric vehicles in system, price curve is the same as case 4.
The simulation result of object function is as shown in table 1 under six kinds of cases；The simulation result of Unit Combination is as shown in figure 3, electricity
Electrical automobile charge and discharge plan is as shown in Figure 4.
By comparative analysis, social cost is considered, the price of case 4 is bent known to Unit Combination and user's acceptance problem
Line is easier to realize charge and discharge plan, has more validity and practicability.Following table is the simulation result of object function
B. distribution network simulation
Lower layer's optimization is by taking IEEE33 Node power distribution systems as an example, such as Fig. 5.Node 0 is balance nodes, is step-down transformer
Low voltage side, high-pressure side is the node for the power transmission network being analyzed above.In a power distribution system, rated capacity is 100MVA, specified
Voltage is 12.66KV.The peak load of line parameter circuit value and node can refer to document [33,34].Base load curve coefficients such as Fig. 6
It is shown.It is identical with transmission system, in power distribution network electric vehicle total quantity be proportional to the total load of power distribution network and power transmission network the ratio between,
So electric vehicle total quantity is 400 in power distribution network.Each network node can accommodate 50 electric vehicles.Electric vehicle has
70% in residential block, and 20% in shopping centre, and 10% in Office Area.Daytime, most electric vehicles are docked in workspace；At night, more
Number electric vehicle berths at home.As Fig. 5 describes influence of the mobility to power grid of electric vehicle.The present invention only considers electronic vapour
Vehicle bulk migration characteristic and per the moment can be used for charge and discharge electric vehicle quantity, and ignore electric vehicle mobility and
SOC.Due to each scene do not have it is interrelated, for reduce calculation amount, only consider scene 1, probability is set as 1.
Study three cases in the part.
Case 7：Based on case 1, electric vehicle is not considered.
Case 8：Based on case 4, trizonal electric vehicle information is as shown in Figure 5.
Case 9：Based on case 4, electric vehicle information and the case 8 of residential block and Office Area are exchanged.In the case,
Most of electric vehicles are docked in the place far from balance nodes at night, however daytime, most of electric vehicles are docked in balance
At node.This means that some electric energy will flow to balance nodes from the place far from balance nodes.
The simulation result of 7,8,9 charge and discharge plan of case is respectively as shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 9.
Comparison cases 8 and case 9, we draw the following conclusions：Residential block is close to the distribution net side of step-down transformer, office
Area is far from the node at transformer, such selection economy higher.
It is described in the present invention that specific embodiments are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention.Technology belonging to the present invention
The technical staff in field can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or by a similar method
It substitutes, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method considering extensive electric vehicle access, which is characterized in that based on optimization mould
The foundation of type, including：Upper layer Optimized model based on Unit Combination model and the lower layer based on optimal load flow model optimize mould
Type, lower layer's Optimized model based on optimal load flow model be the result of the upper layer Optimized model based on Unit Combination model come
It establishes, specifically：
Model one：Upper layer Optimized model based on Unit Combination model, is defined as power transmission network Optimized model, and specific method is：
With the PM2.5 discharge capacitys comprising coal-fired cost, thermal power generation unit and start-up and shut-down costs, user's charging cost, wind cutting cost six
The social cost of aspect is minimum target；With system charge balance, retain regulation spare capacity, the output of generator, unit
Climbing rate, the minimum operation of unit and unused time, the quantity of electric vehicle and charge and discharge time, wind cutting electricity are constraint item
Part obtains the power transmission network Optimized model based on Unit Combination model, which obtains the result is that t moment under scene s
Electric vehicle charge and discharge quantity；
Model two：Lower layer's Optimized model based on optimal load flow model, is defined as the foundation of distribution network Optimized model, based on next
From the optimum results of the acquisition of power transmission network：The electric vehicle charge and discharge quantity optimization of t moment is as a result, obtain electronic vapour under scene s
The optimal location of vehicle charge and discharge in power distribution network, specific method are using the minimal energy loss of power distribution network as optimal objective；To have
Work(and reactive balance, node voltage size, power distribution network safety condition, node electric automobile battery charger quantity, electronic vapour in region
Vehicle quantity and total electric vehicle quantity are the Optimized model that constraints obtains power distribution network；
The power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method of the consideration extensive electric vehicle access is based on described two Optimized models, including with
Lower step：
Step 1, the electric vehicle optimal charge and discharge time is found in the optimization of power transmission network；Based on from different electricity price curves and electricity
It is flat to consider that user's electric vehicle use habit and user receive situation, load curve to charge and discharge price for electrical automobile permeability
Sliding situation, and using social cost as minimum target；Comparison show that guiding user realizes the price curve in optimal charging time, into one
Step instructs electric vehicle optimal charge and discharge electric position in power distribution network；
Step 2：The optimal charge and discharge electric position of electric vehicle is found in the optimization of distribution network；It is actually used based on automobile user
Electric vehicle charge-discharge region is divided into residential quarter, shopping centre and Office Area by situation in conjunction with the optimum results of transmission line of electricity, and
Arrange mobility status in electric vehicle 24 hours in proportion according to actual conditions；It compares electronic without electric vehicle and different proportion
Automobile distribution mobility status obtains the optimal charge and discharge electric position of electric vehicle with the minimum target of via net loss.
2. a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method considering extensive electric vehicle access according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that, the power transmission network Optimized model based on following object function：
Wherein, T is the sum of time, NgIt is the sum of firepower unit, W is the sum of wind power plant；E { } is indicated under all scenes
Mathematic expectaion；ui,tIt is operating statuses of the unit i in t moment, 1 indicates operation, and 0 indicates shutdown；CeIt is punishing for PM2.5 burst sizes
Penalize cost；CwIt is to cut wind power cost,The wind cutting electricity for t periods that are wind power plant at scene s,It is coal-fired cost,It is PM2.5 discharge capacitys, Si,tIt is booting cost,It is user's charging cost.
3. a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method considering extensive electric vehicle access according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that, in the power transmission network Optimized model, minimum target is based on following formula and definition：
Minimum target one：Coal-fired cost, in the power system, the coal-fired cost of fired power generating unit is the quadratic function of unit output；
Wherein, ai, biAnd ciIt is the positive coal-fired coefficient of unit i；It is the output of unit i t moments at scene s；
Minimum target two：PM2.5 discharge capacitys, according to electrical energy production environment needs, exhaust emissions should also be taken into account；China by
Haze influence is very serious, and thermal power generation is the main source of PM2.5；As an optimization aim, the discharge of fired power generating unit PM2.5
Amount can be expressed as the quadratic function of unit output；
Wherein, Aar is dust average weight percent (%) in coal, and default value is 20%；ω is that flue dust is converted into PM2.5
Conversion coefficient (%), default value are 5.1%；η is that discharge reduces coefficient (%), and default value is 99%；The discharge capacity of one unit
It is proportional to coal consumption amount, αi,βiAnd γiIt is the consumption coal measures number of unit；
Minimum target three：Be switched on cost, and the booting cost for restarting the thermal power generation unit of shutdown is related with the temperature of boiler；
The jump function of start-up cost related with temperature is related with the transit time of cold start-up to thermal starting；
Wherein,It is the thermal starting cost of unit i,It is the cold start-up cost of unit i,It is that unit i continues in period t
Unused time；It is that the minimum of unit i continues the unused time,It is the unit i cold start-up times,It is opened to heat for cold start-up
The time of dynamic transit time；
Minimum target four：Shutdown cost, the shutdown cost of thermal electric generator group is constant, is 0 in modular system intermediate value；
Minimum target five：User's charging cost, user's charging cost are the economic consumptions of all automobile users, can be by charging
Cost subtracts electric discharge income and calculates；
Wherein, ρc,tAnd ρd,tIt is the charge and discharge electricity price of t moment respectively；WithIt is the electric vehicle of t moment under scene s respectively
Charge and discharge quantity；PcAnd PdIt is the average charge-discharge electric power of electric vehicle respectively；Δ t is time span, is one hour herein；
Minimum target six：Wind power cost is cut, the minimum target of wind power cost will be cut and take into account object function.
4. a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method considering extensive electric vehicle access according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that, in the power transmission network Optimized model, constraints is based on following formula and definition：
Constraints one：Electric quantity balancing, the main problem of electric power system dispatching is to ensure the equilibrium of supply and demand, so coming from all operations
Generating set, the discharge capacity of electric vehicle and the electricity of wind power plant have to meet base load and electronic vapour in any time
The needs of vehicle charging；
Wherein, DtIt is the base load of t moment,It is the prediction wind-force of t moment of the wind power plant at scene s；
Constraints two：Spinning reserve is necessary there are sufficient spinning reserve to improve the reliability of system；Wherein, Pi maxBe unit i most
It is big to contribute, RtIt is the stand-by equipment of t moment system；
Constraints three：Generator output constrains, and each unit has the units limits of oneself, restriction range as follows：
Wherein, Pi minIt is the minimum load of unit i；
Constraints four：Climbing rate, the interior variation range contributed of each unit adjacent time inter are constrained by climbing rate；
Wherein, Ru,iAnd Rd,iIt is the upper and lower climbing rate of unit i respectively；
Constraints five：The minimum on/off time, for a unit regardless of whether running, this unit is changing operation shape
Booting or one minimum time of cut-off operation must be kept before state, so the minimum on/off time can indicate as follows:
Wherein,WithIndicate that unit i remains operational the duration with off-mode in t moment respectively；Ti onAnd Ti off
The unit i minimum startup and shutdown times are indicated respectively；
Constraints six：Electric vehicle quantity, at each moment, the electric vehicle quantity that can be used for charge and discharge can be by following letter
Number calculates；
Wherein,WithIndicate that t moment can be used for the maximum number of charge and discharge electric automobile respectively；
Constraints seven：The charge and discharge time, in order to provide sufficient electric energy to electric vehicle, the charging time cannot be too short；In order to
Making electric vehicle, there are sufficient electricity to meet trip needs；All electric vehicle charge and discharge time-constrains are as follows；
Wherein,WithRespectively represent the electric vehicle total quantity that can be used for charge and discharge；ΔtcWith Δ tdIt indicates respectively electronic
The automotive average charge and discharge time；
Constraints eight：Wind cutting amount constrains, and the relationship of wind cutting amount and wind-force prediction indicates as follows；
Wherein,Indicate prediction wind-force.
5. a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method considering extensive electric vehicle access according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the distribution network Optimized model is based on following object function：
Wherein, E [*] indicates the mathematic expectaion of all scenes,It is all network loss of the power distribution network in the t periods.
6. a kind of power grid dual-layer optimization dispatching method considering extensive electric vehicle access according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that, constraints is based on following formula and definition：
Constraints one：Active and reactive Constraints of Equilibrium, each node all must satisfy active and reactive balance；So：
Wherein, K is all nodes other than balance nodes,WithIt is that node alpha t moment at scene s is sent out respectively
Active power and reactive power；PDα,tAnd QDα,tIt is that node alpha t moment at scene s is active and load or burden without work respectively；WithIt is node alpha t moment electric vehicle charge and discharge quantity at scene s respectively；WithIt is node alpha respectively in scene s
Lower t moment is transmitted active and idle, they are calculated by following equation：
Wherein,WithIt is the voltage of node alpha and the j t moment at scene s respectively；GαjAnd BαjBe admittance matrix respectively it is real
Number and imaginary part；It is the phase difference of node alpha and the j t moment at scene s；
Constraints two：Node voltage constrains, in order to ensure that power quality and power grid security, node voltage must satisfy maximum
And least commitment；
Wherein, Vα,maxAnd Vα,minIt is the top/bottom latitude of node voltage respectively；
Constraints three：Power system security constraints, in order to ensure that the safe operation of power grid, the transmission capacity of circuit should be limited in one
Determine in range；
Wherein, Pαj,maxIt is the maximum transfer capacity of circuit α-j；It is the transmission electricity of transmission line of electricity α-j t moments at scene s
Amount, can be calculated by following formula：
Constraints four：The number of node charging pile constrains；Each node has a certain number of charging piles, so can connect
Electric vehicle maximum quantity to power grid presses face constraint：
Wherein, Nα,maxIt is the quantity of node alpha charging pile；
Constraints five：Region electric vehicle number constraint, due to the mobility of electric vehicle, the quantity of electric vehicle in region
It is variation；Can be used for the electric vehicle quantity of charge and discharge in certain region can indicate as follows：
Wherein,WithIndicate that i t moments at scene s in region can be used for the quantity of the electric vehicle of charge and discharge respectively, i is
Positive integer more than 0；
Constraints six：Electric vehicle total amount constrains, and the sum of the electric vehicle of charge and discharge is can be used in region to be met
Upper layer operation plan；
Wherein, I indicates all areas；WithIndicate the quantity of t moment charge and discharge electric automobile under scene s respectively, this by
Power transmission network determines the operation plan of power distribution network.
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