CN1043476A - 电动制动系统 - Google Patents
电动制动系统 Download PDFInfo
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
- B60T13/741—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
- B60T13/746—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive and mechanical transmission of the braking action
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- F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
- F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
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- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/38—Slack adjusters
- F16D2065/386—Slack adjusters driven electrically
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- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/003—Position, angle or speed
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/005—Force, torque, stress or strain
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/006—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature without direct measurement of the quantity monitored, e.g. wear or temperature calculated form force and duration of braking
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- F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
- F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
- F16D2121/24—Electric or magnetic using motors
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- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
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- F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
- F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
- F16D2125/36—Helical cams, Ball-rotating ramps
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- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
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- F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
- F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
- F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut
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- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
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- F16D2125/44—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting rotation
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- F16D2125/48—Rotating members in mutual engagement with parallel stationary axes, e.g. spur gears
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- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
- F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
- F16D2125/44—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting rotation
- F16D2125/46—Rotating members in mutual engagement
- F16D2125/52—Rotating members in mutual engagement with non-parallel stationary axes, e.g. worm or bevel gears
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Abstract
一种电动制动系统10包括控制驱动马达20并接收传感器16的制动力信号的控制机构14,驱动马达20通过负载平衡差动器30、柔性驱动连接装置50与制动部件18、19连接。负载平衡差动器30包括带有多个沿圆周相隔开的开口34的驱动部件31,每个开口内装有一球形装置36、36A。在驱动部件31和球形装置36、36A周围面对面地装有两平板40、42,两平板40、42上的一系列斜面44和凸轮轨道46的形状成互补关系。每块平板与一段柔性连接装置50相连接。
Description
本发明一般地涉及电动制动系统,特别涉及通过驱动马达与制动机构之间的机械连接进行工作的电动停车制动系统。
以前曾提出了种种电动制动机构。有的包括电动停车制动系统,这些制动系统将各个电气装置开动从而使一个或多个停车制动机构开动。人们非常希望提供一种可用作停车制动系统的电动制动系统,这种制动系统可通过直接机械连接采用单一马达驱动制动机构。去掉安装在制动机构壳体上或壳体内的马达有利于大大简化用于停车制动作用的制动机构的结构。另一个优点是可以将每个停车制动机构与有关的液压常用(脚踏)制动器分离,这样就无须额外的密封或连接,因为这种密封或连接会降低常用(脚踏)制动器的可靠性。
本发明针对上述问题提供了一个解决方案并满足了对电动制动系统的需要,该系统包括与驱动马达装置相连接的控制器装置,该控制器装置用于送出信号来控制驱动马达装置的运行,驱动马达装置开动一与柔性驱动连接装置相连接的负载平衡差动器,柔性驱动连接装置与制动部件相连接,负载平衡差动器包括一安装在两相对的平板之间的驱动部件,该驱动部件具有多个开口,开口内装有球形装置,每一块相对平板带有一些与诸凸轮轨道相连接的斜面,一块平板上的诸斜面和凸轮轨道的形状与另一块相对平板上的诸斜面和凸轮轨道的形状互补,控制器装置使驱动马达工作,该驱动马达则使驱动部件旋转,驱动部件再通球形装置使可作相对运动的那对平板旋转,从而将等量的转矩传送到制动部件。
下面结合附图详细说明实现本发明的一种方式,在这些表示本发明的一个实施例的附图中:
图1示意地表示了本发明的电动制动系统;
图2是该制动系统中采用的盘形制动器的剖视图;
图3是图2所示的盘形制动器的部分端部剖视图;
图4是该制动系统的驱动马达和差动器的部分剖视图;
图5是负载平衡差动器部分部件的端视图;
图6是图5中沿6-6剖开的剖视图;
图7是该负载平衡差动器的部分部件的俯视及部分剖视图;
图8是也可用于该制动系统的另一种盘形制动器的剖视图。
图9是图8所示的盘形制动器的部分端部剖视图。
图1中,本发明的电动制动系统用编号10表示。停车开关12与电子控制装置14连接,该控制装置14可接受来自逆转传感器机构16的信号。逆转传感器机构16连接到制动部件或盘形制动器18处。盘形制动器18与安装在车辆相对侧的盘形制动器19完全相同。控制器装置14与一驱动马达20相连接,该马达将负载平衡差动器30驱动。负载平衡差动器30将与盘形制动器18和19相连接的柔性驱动连接器50驱动。每个盘形制动器可啮合一相应的旋转部分21,以便使车辆(图中未画出)制动。传感器16可检测盘形制动器18产生的制动垫片间隙并将信号传送到控制器装置。驱动马达通过柔性驱动连接器或轴50驱动两盘形制动器18、19。马达20传到每个柔性驱动连接器50的转矩由差动器30平衡,在制动(施闸)时,差动器30可以使一段驱动连接器比另一段转较多的圈数,而在释放时,差动器30具有锁紧作用。控制器装置14的控制逻辑(电路)能对马达在旋闸过程中的转动周(圈)数进行记数并当转动周(圈)数达到所需数目时,使驱动马达20停止旋转。系统的“释放”使马达20反转直到传感器16向控制器装置14发出信号指示在盘形制动器的驱动机构与相应的制动垫片之间的间隙已达到预定间隙为止。即使制动器有磨损,该间隙也得以保持。如果当制动系统的制动器释放时碰巧常用(脚踏)制动器施闸(在山坡上的一种常有的情形),传感器16就将过早地将驱动马达20关掉(由于常用(脚踏)制动器工作时使卡钳偏移)但是,当常用(脚踏)制动器释放时,马达20就能重新启动并使盘形制动器18、19充分释放。
图2表示了一种可用作本发明的制动系统的部件的制动部件或盘形制动器18或19。该盘形制动器包括一卡钳22,该卡钳中装有与一段柔性驱动连接器50相连接的蜗杆23,蜗杆23与一安装在套筒24内的螺纹部件25的蜗轮相啮合。为了将套筒24与壳体29之间密封,可以设置波纹状塑料密封28。这样的密封在壳体29内无需密封槽。套筒24与螺纹部件25具有形状互补的槽,槽内安装了不能再循环的滚珠轴承装置。套筒、螺纹部件和不能再循环的滚珠轴承装置在申请号为105,756题为“电动盘形制动器”的共同待批专利中作了详细说明,该待批专利也转让给了本受让人,在此援引作为参考。当柔性驱动连接器50将蜗杆23转动时,蜗杆23使螺纹部件25旋转并使套筒24抵着相应的内制动垫片26作轴向位移,相应地,卡钳22也使相应的外制动垫片(图中未画出)抵着相应的旋转部分21产生位移。在释放期间,与制动部件18连接的位置传感器16会发出套筒24与内制动垫片26分离的信号。这种分离产生于螺纹部件上的轴向负载为零而螺纹部件继续逆转之时。
图4示出了电驱动马达20和负载平衡差动器30。马达20开动驱动轴27,轴27使一带齿驱动皮带28旋转。带齿驱动皮带28与差动器30的驱动部件31啮合并将其驱动。差动器30通过轴承33安装在驱动马达壳体32之内。驱动部件31主要包括一滑轮,该滑轮内包括许多沿圆周隔开的开口34(见图67)。在本实施例中,滑轮31内设有六个开口34,每个开口内装有一个球形装置36或36A。位于球形装置36或36A周围的是一副平板部件40和42,它们分别与两段柔性驱动连接器50相连接。如图5所示,驱动部件31有六个球形装置36、36A它们在滑轮31四周作等距分布,这样,它们之间大致隔开60°。球形装置之间大体上为60°的角度组成球间节距A。如图6所示,平板40和42各包括互补的诸斜面44和凸轮轨道46。球形装置36,36A置于相应的斜面44和凸轮轨道之间。
差动器30可将驱动部件31的驱动力传递给平板40、42,使其中一块平板可以比驱动部件31转得快而另一块平板则可以等量地比驱动部件31转得慢。在制动系统施闸时,只在一个旋转方向上要求有上述作用,而在相反的旋转方向上,差动器30就锁住,所有的部件均以相同速率旋转。参见图6,如果马达20使驱动部件31以箭头C方向旋转,而且平板40、42转动所需的转矩相等的话,就能将两平板以与驱动部件31相同的速率朝左驱动。然而,如果一块平板(例如平板42)比另一块平板(例如平板40)要求有更大的转矩,则平板42就会滞后于驱动部件31将球体36、36A推向平板40。这样就使得平板40比驱动部件31更快地向左方移动。通过选择凸轮轨道46的几何形状,使斜面44覆盖的旋转圆弧(距离B)大于球体36、36A的节距A,这样,当平板42滞后于驱动部件31而平板40等量地超前驱动部件31时,就可以不间断地将运动从球体36转移到球体36A。旋转圆弧B基本上定义为斜面44的长度,即从斜面与凸轮轨道之间的端点到斜面与相应的凸轮轨道相啮合的底点之间的距离。上述作用的结果是因为各斜面44的角度相等而且施加在各球体上的力必然是平衡的,因此就能将等量的转矩传到平板40、42上。当马达20反方向运行时,由于凸轮轨道46的面上的角度比斜面44的角度陡,所以在反向旋转时由与凸轮轨道46相啮合的球体36所引起的平板40、42的驱动就不会传送到相邻的球体36A上。这样,采用单一的驱动马达20通过负载平衡差动器30的中介,借助柔性驱动连接器50可以对盘形制动器18、19进行操作,从而不管各盘形制动器中的各组件处于什么样的初始位置,每个卡钳均能获得所施加的相等的制动力矩。
安装柔性驱动轴的一个优点是马达和差动器可以安装在车辆框架上,因而电气线路或连接器疲劳失效的危险可以减至最小。
控制器装置14可以带有基于转动圈数计数或卡锁夹紧力进行控制的控制逻辑,以避免常用(脚踏)制动器与停车制动器发生混合。转动圈数数据由卡钳制动器18内的逆转传感器16确定。马达20可以输出足够的力量开动盘形制动器,对适当大小车辆的制动提供所需的制动力。盘形制动器的套筒,滚珠轴承,和螺纹机构都是可充分逆转的,所以逆转只需要一最小的功率。通过驾驶员控制开关12和逆转传感器16的工作可以使制动器向释放转换。开关12和传感器16可串连连接,这样,当开关12处于释放位置时,如果制动块间隙不够充分,传感器16就可以使马达工作。
图8和图9中的卡钳制动器18没有上述传感器16。因而图8和9中示出的是一种没有传感器的卡钳。制动器18的卡钳52包括一用于罩住蜗杆23的壳体59,该蜗杆23通过一蜗轮驱动套筒54,套筒54使螺纹部件55作轴向移动。螺纹部件55使内制动垫片26位移从而使卡钳52相应地移动外制动垫片(图中未画出)。
当省去传感器时,需要用略有不同的控制逻辑。马达电流由控制器控制,当制动块负载开始后检测到马达电流增加时,就建立起马达位置数据,然后从该数据起对马达旋转圈数进行计数,以便施加所需的夹紧负载。释放时,马达反转数必须超出上述的数据,以确保制动器彻底释放。这种控制逻辑可以省却传感器并且去掉车轴的所有有一定危险的电气连接线。
本发明的上述实施例的各种变化对本领域的技术人员来说都是显而易见的。可以理解,这种种修改和变化仍落在本发明的精神实质的范围之内。
Claims (10)
1、一种电动制动系统,其特征在于,它包括与驱动马达装置20相连接的控制器装置14,控制器装置14用于送出信号控制驱动马达装置20的运行,驱动马达20驱动一与柔性驱动连接装置50连接的负载平衡差动器,柔性驱动连接装置50与制动部件18、19连接,负载平衡差动器30包括一安装在两相对的平板40、42之间的驱动部件31,该驱动部件31带有多个开口34,诸开口34内装有球形装置36、36A,相对的平板40、42上具有与诸凸轮轨道46相连接的诸斜面44,一块平板40上的各斜面44及凸轮轨道46的形状与相对的平板42上的各斜面44及凸轮轨道46的形状是互补的,控制器装置14使驱动马达20运行,马达20使驱动部件31旋转,驱动部件31借助球形装置36、36A使彼此可相对运动的相对平板40、42旋转,从而将等量的转矩传送给制动部件18、19。
2、如权利要求1所述的制动系统,其特征在于,诸斜面44覆盖的旋转圆弧B大于球形装置36、36A的节距。
3、如权利要求2所述的制动系统,其特征在于,柔性驱动连接装置50由延伸在平板40、42和制动部件18、19之间的柔性缆束50组成。
4、如权利要求1所述的制动系统,其特征在于,球形装置36、36A包括球形部件36、36A而且各个凸轮轨道46位于比与之相应的斜面44角度更陡的部件,这样,当所述的驱动部件31反向旋转时,由球形部件36、36A引起的平板40、42的位移会导致所述球形部件36、36A引起平板40、42连续位移,所述的位移不会由邻近的球形部件36、36A所引起。
5、如权利要求4所述的制动系统,其特征在于,驱动马达20使皮带28旋转,该皮带与所述的驱动部件31的圆周啮合并使之旋转。
6、如权利要求5所述的制动系统,其特征在于,各球形部件36、36A与相邻的球形装置36、36A相隔约60°。
7、如权利要求1所述的制动系统,其特征在于,各个制动部件18、19分别包括与旋转部分21相啮合的盘形制动器18、19。
8、如权利要求1所述的制动系统,其特征在于,它还包括向所述的控制器装置14送出制动力信号的传感器装置16。
9、一种负载平衡差动器30,其特征在于,它包括一安装在两相对的平板40、42之间的驱动部件31,该驱动部件31具有多个内装球形部件36、36A的开口34,各平板40、42具有与诸凸轮轨道46相连接的诸斜面44,一块平板40上的诸斜面44及凸轮轨道46的形状与相对平板42上的诸斜面44及凸轮轨道46的形状成互补关系,球形部件36、36A可与斜面44及凸轮轨道46相啮合,这样,驱动部件31可借助该球形部件36、36A使彼此可相对运动的相对的平板40、42运行,从而将等量的转矩送出,各平板40、42连接到一柔性连接装置50上,该柔性连接装置50分别与制动部件18、19相连接。
10、如权利要求9所述的负载平衡差动器30,其特征在于,各球形部件36、36A与相邻的球形部件30、36A相隔约60°。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US284,517 | 1988-12-15 | ||
US07/284,517 US4944372A (en) | 1988-12-15 | 1988-12-15 | Electrically actuated braking system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1043476A true CN1043476A (zh) | 1990-07-04 |
CN1025174C CN1025174C (zh) | 1994-06-29 |
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CN89107788A Expired - Fee Related CN1025174C (zh) | 1988-12-15 | 1989-10-06 | 电动制动系统 |
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US (1) | US4944372A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0448563B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH085373B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR900701576A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1025174C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU623059B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1325985C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE68911313T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2017894A6 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1990006877A1 (zh) |
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- 1989-09-27 JP JP1510882A patent/JPH085373B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-09-27 AU AU44197/89A patent/AU623059B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-09-27 WO PCT/US1989/004230 patent/WO1990006877A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-09-27 DE DE89911686T patent/DE68911313T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-27 KR KR1019900701511A patent/KR900701576A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-09-27 EP EP89911686A patent/EP0448563B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN103879396B (zh) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-01-20 | 西安交通大学 | 一种货车用永磁伺服电动制动装置 |
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JPH085373B2 (ja) | 1996-01-24 |
CN1025174C (zh) | 1994-06-29 |
KR900701576A (ko) | 1990-12-03 |
US4944372A (en) | 1990-07-31 |
AU4419789A (en) | 1990-07-10 |
DE68911313T2 (de) | 1994-03-31 |
WO1990006877A1 (en) | 1990-06-28 |
EP0448563B1 (en) | 1993-12-08 |
ES2017894A6 (es) | 1991-03-01 |
JPH03504364A (ja) | 1991-09-26 |
EP0448563A1 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
AU623059B2 (en) | 1992-04-30 |
DE68911313D1 (de) | 1994-01-20 |
CA1325985C (en) | 1994-01-11 |
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