CN104344958B - Take off/simulation experiment method of airplane wheel bearing operating mode while ending to take off - Google Patents
Take off/simulation experiment method of airplane wheel bearing operating mode while ending to take off Download PDFInfo
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- CN104344958B CN104344958B CN201410594171.1A CN201410594171A CN104344958B CN 104344958 B CN104344958 B CN 104344958B CN 201410594171 A CN201410594171 A CN 201410594171A CN 104344958 B CN104344958 B CN 104344958B
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Abstract
The simulation experiment method of airplane wheel bearing operating mode when a kind of taking off/end to take off, the testing machine using comprises dragging system and loading system composition, make test bearing rotating speed rotation in accordance with regulations by dragging system, loading system provides test load for test bearing, guarantee test bearing load test in accordance with regulations, the actual loading force that is applied to wheel bearing of simulated aircraft load in the time taking off and take off termination distributes, can reflect all sidedly the operating mode of wheel bearing, and intensity, the accurate evaluation in life-span, for the higher rotating speed of research, more the Inspection Aircraft Wheels bearing of heavy load provides believable test basis, effectively shorten the lead time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of airplane wheel bearing load testing machine, specifically a kind of simulated aircraft wheel bearing is taking off the test method of bearing load condition when ending takeoff condition.
Background technology
Along with the development of aircraft, taking off speed and weight when landing increases gradually, in taking-off and landing process, security issues become increasingly urgent, the performance and reliability of wheel bearing required also more and more higher, and the safety that it is related to aircraft is maked a return voyage, continued fight capability and adapts to the ability on airport.
Wheel bearing is not only used for supporting wheel, the direction of rotation of guiding wheel, reduce the friction in rotation process, and bear the various load between wheel and wheel shaft. and, service behaviour, life-span, each economic target and the reliability of bearing to aircraft all has a significant impact, and also can cause even in some cases flight safety accident.
As the wheel bearing of consumable accessory, because the accident that wheel bearing fails normally to work accounts for certain ratio, therefore the security while how effectively improving aircraft landing, improve the adaptive capacity of aircraft to various load situation, runway condition, weather conditions, become the main goal in research of airplane wheel bearing.
The motion mode of most of bearing is that outer ring is fixed, inner ring rotation. airplane wheel bearing has its unique distinction, and the feature that is different from other bearing maximums is outer ring rotation, the fixing motion mode of inner ring, and its operating mode in use.
Geometrical feature and the design feature of conical bearing adopting due to aircraft, it can bear radial and axial combined load. and outer raceway and bearing axis angle are larger, the axial thrust that can bear and the ratio of radial thrust are larger, the contact wire of roller and raceway is longer, the ability of bearing load is stronger so. and aircraft is in different duties, the stressing conditions difference of bearing.
1, aircraft remains static, and bearing mainly bears dead load. and the shutdown load p that the gravity of aircraft produces passes to outer raceway by the roller of bearing, and wheel hub .P can be decomposed into axial force N and the power F. perpendicular to outer raceway vertically
2, aircraft, in the time of ground taxi, mainly also bears vertical load. and definitely not smooth due to ground, the amplitude of the vertical tremor of aircraft is greater than the gravity of aircraft.
3, when landing, the moment of wheel ground connection is first mainly subject to huge static vertical impact load, then wheel with if the speed that very high acceleration accelerates to reach same with aircraft is in ground roll-out. aircraft has produced heavily and has landed, bearing if it is very large bearing the harm of this shock loading under the state of not running. band sideslip ground connection, as larger in crosswind time, wheel also will be received larger lateral load, when wheel is subject to side-friction force, due to effect of inertia, fly the trend of the oriented lopsidedness of machine. therefore act on vertical load and lateral load on outboard bearing larger than inner side.
In the common several failure modes of bearing, airplane wheel bearing is threatened to maximum bearing after larger shock loading for wheel bearing, makes contact-making surface generation plastic yielding because overload comprises local overload, be called plastic deformation inefficacy.
Along with current countries in the world are increasing to the demand of large transport airplane, the wheel bearing of developing high rotating speed heavy load is also more and more urgent, people also more and more recognize the importance of wheel bearing test. bearing test is an indispensable important proof procedure in design bearing and manufacture process, on bearing tester according to the actual installation operating mode of bearing, actual motion state, rotating speed, axial load, radial load and the environment temperature, the lubricating status etc. that are bearing turn round according to actual condition is given, reach predetermined age or arrive bearing failure.
Temperature of inner ring during rotation fixing rolling bearing simulation experiment method in a kind of outer ring is disclosed in Chinese patent CN201010254885. when these class methods are implemented, rotor is connected with the outer ring of test bearing by shaft coupling, bearing inner race is fixed on inner ring axle, inner ring axle is fixed on to load and puts. when test, motor is by the direct motoring ring test bearing outer ring of shaft coupling synchronous rotary, when radial loaded, radial load puts on the inner ring of test bearing by inner ring axle.
This utilizes the method for the direct motoring ring test bearing outer ring of drive motors synchronous rotary, and defect is a lot.
On the one hand, in the time carrying out radial loaded, radial load puts on the inner ring of test bearing by inner ring axle from loading cover, but this loaded load radially, it is the end-play in order to eliminate rolling bearing, reach the object of the vibration while reducing bearing rotary, therefore the radial loaded power that kind of bearings testing machine can bear is very little. and in the time that radial load is greater than specified load value, must cause the imbalance of rotation, cause this type of testing machine can only be suitable for test as The bearing of indivedual operating modes. such as aero-engines
On the other hand, as need axially load, axial application of force acts directly on motor by test bearing outer ring and turns Son, and rotor can not bear the axial thrust of up to a hundred thousand Ns, therefore can not realize axially loaded so that this type ofMethod can not be simulated the lateral deviation of Inspection Aircraft Wheels and load.
Therefore, said method can only be realized the driving to housing washer rotation simply, and do not possess the Test capability to bearing, the especially test to the Inspection Aircraft Wheels bearing of high rotating speed high load capacity operating mode are the most too far behind to catch up.
Bearing tester is of a great variety both at home and abroad at present, can be railway bearing, the axle such as wind power bearing and machine bearing hold testing machine, in structure, be roughly the inner ring rotation that makes the drive of electricity consumption main shaft be arranged on the test bearing in bearing block, as High-speed bearing testing machine disclosed in Chinese patent CN201210103079, the axial opposite side of bearing utilizes axially loaded dress Putting and realize axial load loading, bearing radially side utilizes radial loading device to realize radial load and loads.
The working method of testing machine determines the test method of measured piece, therefore, bearing test methods of the prior art
The most similar, its method and principle, as Inspection Aircraft Wheels bearing test, just seem unable to do what one wishes.
One, in terms of driving bearing rotation, the testing machine applied in art methods uses electro spindle to drive rotation
Turn is the inner ring of bearing, and this runs counter to the rotation mode that Inspection Aircraft Wheels bearing outer ring rotates, thus this type of testing machine is former
The actually used operating mode of Inspection Aircraft Wheels cannot be simulated in reason.
They are two years old, the loaded load value of prior art test machine loader is limited, far do not reach the height of current wheel bearing Stress test requirement.The typical bearing tester of prior art, the mode that its driving bearing rotates is for using electro spindle straight Tape splicing moves the inner ring synchronous rotary of the test bearing being arranged in bearing block, and as axially loaded in carried out, axial force is final Act on the rotor of electro spindle, and the rotor of electro spindle can not bear the axial thrust of up to a hundred thousand Ns, therefore limit The axially loaded load of the bearing tester of this type.
Its three, the typical testing machine of prior art comes in the way of direct driving bearing inner ring by motor drive shaft so that
Requiring the highest to the side-play amount radially, axially of bearing inner race, once side-play amount is excessive, and it is centrifugal that high speed rotating brings
Imbalance will threaten whole testing machine, and therefore this type of testing machine load capability is limited, can not hold concurrently with heavy load at a high speed
?.Which results in this type of testing machine and use limitation, and then cause existing test method can only be respectively completed wheel axle
The load test held or speed test, but cannot completing the simulation test of wheel bearing, to carry out analog machine wheel bearing actually used
Operating mode.
Its four, all kinds of bearing testers of prior art, be required at the trial accompany examination bearing accordingly, accompany examination bearing Tong Bu with test bearing, rotate coaxially, and bear the counteracting force of test bearing radially, axially load.Therefore, examination Machine of testing is when testing high-speed bearing, it would be desirable to be able to bears and more high-revolving accompanies examination bearing; While testing the bearing of high load capacity, need That can bear more high load capacity accompanies examination bearing; When carrying out bearing life test, often test once, need to reach a pair longevity Order and longer accompany examination bearing.On the one hand this makes the ultimative function of testing machine be limited to accompany examination bearing, as higher in developed The bearing of performance is the most infeasible.On the other hand, extra increase accompany examination bearing, and the main shaft rotated for a pair, all and Test bearing is in a frock, is the most all heater, and frictional force causes bulk temperature drastically to increase, makes Must test the measurement to loaded load, the measurement error of bearing temperature increases, and greatly reduces the safety system of testing machine Number, easily causes security incident because of the softening of bearing.The exploitativeness of this existing test method is limited, also reduces its examination Test the credibility of data.
Along with improving constantly of present generation aircraft performance requirement, the performance of airplane wheel is had higher requirement, wheel
Should have lightweight, bearing capacity is big, the life-span is high, and can bear big shock loading, therefore, the selection to wheel
Bearing is it is also proposed that higher requirement.Wheel bearing, by heavy duty, shock loading and life test results, selects for wheel
With being inexorable trend.
In sum, the domestic simulation experiment method being specifically designed for airplane wheel bearing it may be said that be still sheet weakness zone, now to wheel bearing to take off when ending the exploration of operating state data extremely urgent, release for aviation machine The simulation experiment method that wheel bearing operating mode is consistent is imperative.
Summary of the invention
Can not take off and stop takeoff opportunity wheel bearing and rotate and be subject to by simulated aircraft load for overcoming present in prior art
Power operating mode, it is impossible to excite out of order effectively, reliably, the present invention proposes one and takes off/stop aircraft machine when taking off
The simulation experiment method of wheel bearing operating mode.
The present invention carries out described airplane wheel bearing static load simulation test by the charger of bearing tester.
The charger of described bearing tester includes hydraulic cylinder, fixed plate, load transducer, column, portable plate, rubber
Rubber tire, loading head, loading axle, brake and brake disc；Charger is fixed on the upper surface of grade slab by column；
Fixed plate is fixed on the end face of column top；Hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the geometric center of described fixed plate upper surface, and makes this
The expansion link of hydraulic cylinder through after fixed plate the lower surface and portable plate upper surface of this fixed plate；Described activity
Plate level is arranged on the middle part of described column, and moves up and down with column for guide rail；In described portable plate upper surface geometry
Feel at ease equipped with load transducer；Described portable plate lower surface has guide-track groove, and the carried base board that adds of loading head is arranged on this guide rail
In groove；Load transducer is fixedly mounted between end face and the portable plate of the expansion link of hydraulic cylinder；The two ends loading axle are divided
It is not fixed on two loading arms of loading head；Test bearing is arranged on the middle part loading axle；Rubber wheel is sleeved on described
On the outer ring of test bearing；Brake disc is sleeved on loading axle, and one of the flange in this brake disc and rubber wheel
End face is fixing to be connected；The braking video disc of described brake disc is positioned in the braking intermediate plate of brake；The upper end of described brake
The lower surface of carried base board is added in being fixed on loading head；
Comprise the concrete steps that:
Step 1: take-off simulation is tested, simulated aircraft heavy load takeoff condition.Specifically:
The first step: measure and record test fore bearing play, installation test bearing.Test bearing one group two overlaps symmetrical peace
Being contained in rubber wheel, the outer ring of test bearing is fixed in steel ring, and inner ring is fixedly mounted on loading axle.Load axle two
End is arranged on the loading arm of loading head by axle sleeve.At each bearing inner race surface mount thermocouple, and by this thermocouple
It is connected by wire with data acquisition unit.
Second step: load transducer returns to zero.Promote the height of charger portable plate, make to be arranged on below this portable plate
Rubber wheel be in vacant state.Because of portable plate and the deadweight of loading head, the gravity of described deadweight during Vertical loading will be made
A part for vertical load puts on test bearing, therefore under rubber wheel is in vacant state, adjusts load and passes
Sensor is to zero-bit.
3rd step: Adjustment Tests machine is to the critical state loaded.Promote loading activity plate with 1mm/s by load cylinder
Speed move down；Adjusted the position of the rubber wheel being arranged on loading head by loading activity plate, make this rubber wheel
The peripheral surface contacts of circumferential surface and static drum.
4th step: simulate test of taking off.
I parameter determining load test.Described load test parameter includes: the operating pressure of oil cylinder output and test
The test load of bearing.Wherein:
The operating pressure of oil cylinder output is determined by formula (1):
In formula: D is hydraulic cylinder internal diameter, unit is m；F is thrust hydraulic cylinder, and unit is N；P is operating pressure,
Unit is MPa.
The test load of test bearing is identical with the rated load of this test bearing.
The principle that linear velocity according to rubber wheel is identical with the linear velocity of drum, obtains formula:
The rotating speed of high workload of rubber wheel diameter × π × bearing=drum diameter × π × drum rotary speed
The rotating speed of drum is determined by described formula.
The rotating speed of rubber wheel is identical with the rotating speed of bearing.The rotating speed of triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine turns with drum
Speed is identical.
II test bearing carries out rotating speed and loading spectrum load test.In test:
Strengthening the oil pressure of load cylinder import department, the operating pressure making oil cylinder export increases in 0～6s internal linear
8.18MPa, applies test load to the bearing being positioned at drum, and the test load applied is radial load；Make described
The test load acting on test bearing is loaded onto 504KN in 0～6s internal linear, and keeps 6 seconds；After keeping 6 seconds
Linearly unload, be offloaded to 0KN 14 seconds internal linear.
While carrying out loading spectrum loading, carry out rotating speed spectrum loading, when bearing load reaches 504KN, drum 0～
Within 18 seconds, internal linear is accelerated, and reaches 256rpm when the 18th second, makes test bearing rotating speed reach rating test simultaneously and turns
Speed 1237rmp, and keep this rotating speed 2 seconds；When bearing load is offloaded to 0KN, by control brake clamping system
Moving plate 20, made test bearing stop operating in 6 seconds.
5th step: after test bearing unloading spline, move up loading head and make rubber wheel leave drum.Dismounting examination
Test bearing and use what conventional method detected this bearing to have flawless, deformation, with or without fatigue flake or peel off the degree of depth, face
Long-pending size, and analyze the temperature variation curve of test bearing inner ring under the effect of load and rotating speed, measure and record
Play after experiment.
Analyze the data of measured record, the then off-test if it is determined that test bearing lost efficacy according to a conventional method, otherwise carry out
Step 2.
Step 2: simulation termination is taken off test, bearing operating mode when simulated aircraft termination is taken off.Described termination is taken off mould
Intend content of the test and include that test bearing has flawless, deformation under loads, with or without fatigue flake or the peeling degree of depth, area
Size, and the temperature variation curve of test bearing inner ring under the effect of load and rotating speed, changed play before and after test.
Process of the test is as follows:
The first step: measure and record test fore bearing play, installation test bearing.Described measurement also records test front axle
Holding play, the process of installation test bearing is identical with the first step in step 1.
Second step: load transducer returns to zero.The process of described load transducer zeroing is identical with the second step in step 1.
3rd step: Adjustment Tests machine is to the critical state loaded.The mistake of the critical state that described Adjustment Tests machine extremely loads
Journey is identical with the 3rd step in step 1.
4th step: stop take-off simulation test.
I parameter determining load test.Described load test parameter includes: the operating pressure of oil cylinder output and test
The test load of bearing.
Each test parameters is determined by the method for step 1 the 4th step.
II after described each test parameters determines, test bearing carries out rotating speed and loading spectrum load test.In test:
Start triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine, drive drum to rotate by clutch and shaft coupling.Pass through data
Harvester gathers the data of thermocouple.The load being exerted by test bearing is monitored by load transducer.
Strengthening the oil pressure of load cylinder import department, the operating pressure making oil cylinder export increases in 0～6s internal linear
8.18MPa, applies test load to the bearing being positioned at drum, and the test load applied is radial load；Make effect
Test load at test bearing is loaded onto 504KN in 0～6s internal linear, and keeps 40 seconds；Keep 40 seconds laggard
Line linearity unloads, and is offloaded to 0KN 6 seconds internal linear.
While carrying out loading spectrum loading, carry out rotating speed spectrum loading, when bearing load reaches 504KN, drum 0～
Within 20 seconds, internal linear is accelerated, and reaches 256rpm when the 20th second, and make test bearing rotating speed is rating test rotating speed simultaneously
1237rmp.When bearing rotating speed reaches test speed 1237rpm, control triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine to drum
Wheel linearly slows down, and is decelerated to stop operating in 20 seconds.
5th step: after test bearing unloading spline, move up loading head and make rubber wheel leave drum.Dismounting examination
Test bearing and use what conventional method detected this bearing to have flawless, deformation, with or without fatigue flake or peel off the degree of depth, face
Long-pending size, measures and records play after experiment.The data of the thermocouple that data acquisition unit is collected by employing conventional method
It is analyzed.Taking off and stopping take-off simulation of the completeest matched bearings is tested.
The present invention sets up on the basis of a kind of relative rolling type airplane wheel bearing load shock machine, testing machine mainly by
Dragging system and loading system composition, dragging system provides power, makes test bearing rotate by the rotating speed of regulation；Load
System provides test load for test bearing, it is ensured that test bearing is by the load test of regulation.
Described dragging system includes converter, triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine, clutch, shaft coupling, drum
Wheel and bearing block.Described converter is used for controlling triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine.Described three-phase alternating current becomes
Frequently motor is connected with drum by clutch, and drum is fixed on two bearing blocks.
Described loading system is that vertical hydraulic loads, including hydraulic system, loading hydraulic cylinder, loading stand, load
Sensor, loading head, loading axle, brake disc, brake binder and for the rubber wheel of fitting machine wheel bearing, round nut.
Described loading stand includes substrate, four columns, portable plate and fixed plate, and wherein substrate is positioned at ground level, and they are four years old
A cylinder column is fixed at individual angle respectively.Four angles of substrate, the other end are fixed in one end of four described columns
Installing square fixed plate, there is through hole the geometric center position of fixed plate, is used for installing load cylinder.Described portable plate
Being positioned horizontally between substrate and fixed plate, four angles are respectively arranged with a manhole, each manhole is respectively through one
Column, portable plate, with four columns as guide rail, can move up and down；The geometric center position of the upper surface of portable plate has convex
Platform, for one end of installed load sensor, the load transducer other end is connected with load cylinder；The following table of portable plate
Face is longitudinally provided with the guide rail of circular groove, and the two sides of guide rail is each even is furnished with five screwed holes.Described loading head is circle
The U-shaped loading head of arc both arms symmetrical expression, its upper part is circular arc convex plate, and two loading arms are symmetrically positioned in its lower end
Part.The circular arc convex plate of loading head upper surface is installed on the circular groove guide rail of portable plate lower surface, its circular arc
Convex plate circular arc outer diameter is equal with the groove internal diameter of circular groove guide rail.Circular arc convex plate can be put down at arc groove guide rail
Adjust setting angle on face, and fixed by the bolt presses on two end faces of guide rail.The two-arm of U-shaped loading head is respectively arranged with
One through hole, can be installed by axle sleeve and load axle.Described loading axle is rubber wheel, test bearing provides to install and supports.
Described rubber wheel has two-layer, and internal layer is steel ring, is used for being symmetrically installed two set test bearings, and outer layer is steel ring outer surface
Encapsulated, material is vulcanite.Four screwed holes of even cloth on one end face of rubber wheel, for installing brake
Brake disc.Described round nut is two, the two set wheel bearings being respectively used in fixing rubber wheel.
Described hydraulic system provides pressure source for loading hydraulic cylinder.Described loading hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the several of fixed plate
What center, is connected with portable plate by load transducer, and the portable plate with four columns as guide rail can be driven to move, and
Loaded load can be provided for wheel bearing.Described load transducer is used for measuring loaded load.
Compare with art methods, the invention have the characteristics that:
A) wheel bearing test operating mode compares: prior art is to driving that the type of drive generally inner ring of wheel bearing rotates
Flowing mode, work rotation mode when not wheel bearing is actually used；The method of the invention is for driving wheel bearing
Outer ring rotates, and is intended in the rotation process of wheel simulate the stressing conditions of wheel bearing, and wheel bearing outer ring rotates
Test method, for the rotation mode of its real work.
B) test equipment and measuring accuracy compare: the airplane wheel bearing load shock machine that the present invention relates to relative to
Prior art, it is to avoid accompany the use of examination bearing, broken routine test machine by accompany try bearing maximum speed limited and
The limitation of bearing capacity.Further, eliminate and accompany examination bearing so that examination is no longer accompanied in the measurement to test bearing temperature
The interference of bearing, provides unfailing test data for bearing test.
C) in process of the test, imposed load compares: in prior art, the load to wheel bearing is applied for axially or radially
Load is evenly applied on each stress surface of battery of tests bearing or single test bearing respectively, or will axially and radially
Load is evenly applied on each stress surface of battery of tests bearing be formed respectively makes a concerted effort to simulate bearing lateral deviation stress, this
One group two is made to overlap the equilibrium of wheel shaft strength, stress surface uniform force.The loading method energy simulated aircraft of the present invention carries
The actually applied loading force at wheel bearing of lotus is distributed.
D) failure effect is excited to compare: art methods makes wheel bearing fault greatly can not excite out.
Wheel bearing is carried out, in the way of inner ring rotation, the work work that the actual outer ring of analog machine wheel bearing rotates by art methods
Condition, when loaded load, even if when dynamic test, load is also on static loading to the most static outer ring, and real
Border is that the inner ring of static operating mode but subjects high rotating speed and dynamic load, and therefore fault can excite out greatly,
It is also possible to cause other not clear faults.The present invention can simulation test shaft strength time the stress point of actually used operating mode
And Impact direction, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide more unfailing test data.The present invention utilizes the charger of described testing machine
Thering is provided loaded load F, be applied to the load on wheel bearing for simulated aircraft deadweight, the direction of its power is vertical
Horizontal plane is downward.The present invention substantially can take off and stop the rotation of takeoff opportunity wheel bearing and load condition, energy by simulated aircraft
Enough inspire fault effectively, reliably.
The mode of relative rolling type passive matrix wheel bearing of the present invention, transmission rotating ratio is drum external diameter and rubber wheel
The ratio of external diameter, the external diameter of the small-sized rubber wheel for fitting machine wheel bearing of the present invention is much smaller than actual wheel external diameter,
This makes under the equal speed conditions of drum comparable size, and wheel bearing can obtain more high rotation speed, higher for developing
The wheel bearing of rotating speed is possibly realized.
The present invention with reference to domestic wind power bearing, high ferro bearing and aircraft engine machine bearing etc. the test method of bearing,
Referring concurrently to the test method of the large aircraft wheel testing stand of current domestic advanced person, reached simulated aircraft taking off,
When high speed slide, landing, impact moment, lateral deviation are landed and wheel shaft strength operating mode, experimental condition in stopped process
Deng applying working condition state, the operating mode of wheel bearing can be reflected all sidedly, so that its intensity, life-span are assessed accurately,
Inspection Aircraft Wheels bearing for research higher rotating speed, more heavy load provides believable test basis, is substantially shorter it and develops
Cycle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of the testing machine that Fig. 1: the present invention uses.
Fig. 2: test bearing scheme of installation.
Fig. 3: take-off simulation test speed and loading spectrum.
Fig. 4: stop take-off simulation test speed and loading spectrum.
The flow chart of Fig. 5: the present invention.In figure:
1. triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine；2. clutch；3. bearing block；4. drum；5. substrate；6. rubber
Wheel；7.U shape loading head；8. load axle；9. brake；10. portable plate；11. load transducers；12. columns；13.
Fixed plate；14. hydraulic cylinders；15. wheel shafts；16. shaft couplings；17. round nuts；18. axle sleeves；19. test bearings；20.
Brake disc；21. Aircraft Load F；22. motor speeds；23. test bearing rotating speeds.
Detailed description of the invention
The present embodiment be simulation aircraft wheel bearing take off/stop take off time operating mode test method, the examination of employing
The machine of testing is airplane wheel bearing load shock machine.The content of described dynamic load test includes that test bearing is specified
Have flawless, deformation under load and speed, with or without fatigue flake or peel off the degree of depth, size, and in load and
The temperature variation curve of the lower test bearing inner ring of the effect of rotating speed, changed play before and after test.
Described airplane wheel bearing load shock machine includes loading system and drive system.
Described loading system is vertical hydraulic load mode, is disclosed in the innovation and creation of 2014102708950.Should
Loading system includes substrate 5, rubber wheel 6, U-shaped loading head 7, loads axle 8, brake 9, portable plate 10, load
Lotus sensor 11, column 12, fixed plate 13, hydraulic cylinder 14, shaft coupling 16, round nut 17, axle sleeve 18, examination
Test bearing 19, brake disc 20.Wherein dragging system is positioned at foundation ditch, and substrate 5 is positioned at foundation ditch upper surface, loading system
It is arranged on described substrate 5 upper surface.Drum in dragging system is arranged on wheel shaft 15, and makes the circumference table of this drum
Face is placed through the drum groove on substrate 5, coordinates with the rubber wheel 6 in loading system.Described rubber wheel is sleeved on and adds
Loading system
Described rubber wheel 6 includes steel ring and encapsulated.On one end face of steel ring, four screwed holes of even cloth, are used for installing
Brake disc 20.The internal diameter size of each and every one end face of the two of steel ring is pressed the external diameter of test bearing 19 and is performed.Encapsulated for sulfuration rubber
Glue is encapsulated on the outer ring of steel ring.
Column 12 totally four four angles being distributed in substrate 5, and the guide rail moved up and down as portable plate 10, bear
Axially and radially power during loading.Fixed plate 13 is horizontally mounted, and is fixed on above four columns 12, its geometric center
Fixing load cylinder 14 is installed, and bears the counteracting force of vertical impact loaded load.Load cylinder 14 and portable plate
Drawing and pressing type load transducer 11 is installed between 10, is used for measuring Impulsive load load value.
Described portable plate 10 includes boss, substrate and circular groove guide rail.Substrate is tetragonal body steel plate, its four
Angle is respectively arranged with a manhole, and clear size of opening is that the outside dimension of column 12 performs.Boss is positioned at the several of substrate upper surface
What center, for installed load sensor 11.Circular groove guide rail is longitudinally positioned at the lower surface geometric center of substrate
Place, each five screwed holes of even cloth on the breadth of its both sides.Portable plate 10 is horizontally mounted, the circle at four angles of its substrate
Through hole, is respectively sleeved on four columns 12, and available column 12 moves up and down for guide rail.
Described U-shaped loading head includes arc plate and two loading arms.The upper surface of arc plate is convex shaped arc face.Two
Individual loading arm is symmetrically located at the lower surface of arc plate.There is manhole the lower end of each loading arm, and its clear size of opening is pressed
Load axle 8 end face external diameter to perform.
Drive system is relative rolling type passive matrix wheel bearing, and the architectural feature of this drive system is disclosed in Application No.
In the innovation and creation of 201410293088.0, including triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine 1, clutch 2, bearing
Seat 3, wheel shaft 15 and drum 4.In this drive system, the rotor of triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine 1 and clutch
One end face of device 2 is connected, and another end face of clutch 2 is connected with wheel shaft 15 by shaft coupling 16.Wheel shaft 15
Install and on two bearing blocks 3.Drum 4 is installed on wheel shaft 3.Triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine 1 can lead to
Cross clutch 2, shaft coupling 16, wheel shaft 15 drive drum 4 to rotate.
In enforcement, test bearing 19 1 group two set is installed in rubber wheel 6, and the outer ring of test bearing is fixed in steel ring,
Inner ring is installed on loading axle, and is fastened by round nut 17.Load axle 8 two ends and be installed on U-shaped by axle sleeve 18
On the loading arm of loading head 7.The arc plate of the upper surface of U-shaped loading head 7 is installed on the circular arc of portable plate 10 lower surface
In connected in star guide rail, and by the bolt presses of guide rail both ends of the surface.
The present embodiment be certain type wheel bearing take off with stop take-off simulation test, including take-off simulation test and in
Only take-off simulation test.
The charger used is Vertical loading device, realizes simulated aircraft load by the Vertical loading of charger
Load on to wheel bearing.During dynamic load simulation test, this type list set bearing load 252KN, one group two
The full payload of set wheel bearing is 504KN.
In the present embodiment, selecting loading hydraulic cylinder piston diameter is 280mm, and diameter of piston rod is 160mm, rubber wheel φ
248mm, drum diameter phi 1200mm.
Described triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine 1 selects power 630KW, rotating speed 1490rpm quadrupole motor.
The concrete steps of the present embodiment include:
Step 1: take-off simulation is tested, simulated aircraft heavy load takeoff condition.Described take-off simulation content of the test bag
Include test bearing under test load and rotating speed, have flawless, deformation, with or without fatigue flake or to peel off the degree of depth, area big
Little, and the temperature variation curve of test bearing inner ring under the effect of load and rotating speed, changed play before and after test.
Specifically:
The first step: measure and record test fore bearing play, installation test bearing.Test bearing 19 1 group two overlaps symmetry
Being arranged in rubber wheel 6, the outer ring of test bearing is fixed in steel ring, and inner ring is arranged on loading axle 8, and passes through
Round nut 17 fastens.Load axle 8 two ends to be installed on the loading arm of U-shaped loading head 7 by axle sleeve 18.Complete
Each bearing inner race surface mount thermocouple after installation, and this thermocouple is connected by wire with data acquisition unit.
Second step: load transducer returns to zero.Start-up loading system, the extension elongation of controlled loading oil cylinder expansion link, carry
Rise the height of portable plate, make to be arranged on the rubber wheel below this portable plate and be in vacant state.Because of portable plate and loading head
Deadweight, during Vertical loading, the part as vertical load is put on test bearing by the gravity of described deadweight, because of
This is under rubber wheel is in vacant state, adjusts load transducer to zero-bit.
3rd step: Adjustment Tests machine is to the critical state loaded.Controlled loading oil cylinder 14 promotes loading activity plate 10 edge
Column 12 moves down with the speed of 1mm/s；The position of the rubber wheel being arranged on loading head is adjusted by loading activity plate
Put, make the circumferential surface of this rubber wheel and the peripheral surface contacts of static drum 4.
4th step: simulate test of taking off.
I parameter determining load test.Described load test parameter includes: the operating pressure of oil cylinder output and test
The test load of bearing.Wherein:
The operating pressure of oil cylinder output is determined by formula (1):
In formula: D is hydraulic cylinder internal diameter, unit is m；F is thrust hydraulic cylinder, and unit is N；P is operating pressure,
Unit is MPa.
In the present embodiment, a diameter of 280mm of hydraulic cylinder piston, the operating pressure of oil cylinder output is 8.18MPa.
The test load of test bearing is identical with the rated load of this test bearing.In the present embodiment, described test bearing
Test load be 504KN.
In the present embodiment, bearing working rotating speed the highest 1237r/min when taking off, rubber wheel φ 248mm, drum diameter phi
1200mm.The principle that linear velocity according to rubber wheel is identical with the linear velocity of drum, obtains formula:
The rotating speed of high workload of rubber tire diameter × π × bearing=drum diameter × π × drum rotary speed
The rotating speed of drum is determined by described formula.In the present embodiment, the rotating speed of drum is 256r/min.
The rotating speed of rubber wheel is identical with the rotating speed of bearing.The rotating speed of triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine turns with drum
Speed is identical.
II after described each test parameters determines, test bearing carries out rotating speed and loading spectrum load test.In test:
Start triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine 1, drive drum to rotate by clutch 2, shaft coupling 16.Logical
Cross data acquisition unit and gather the data of thermocouple.The load being exerted by test bearing is monitored by load transducer 11
Lotus.
By strengthening the oil pressure of load cylinder import department, the operating pressure making oil cylinder export increases in 0～6s internal linear
8.18MPa, the piston rod of oil cylinder drives loading activity plate to load by load transducer, when loading activity strip is moved
This load, to drum 4 imposed load, is passed to be positioned at the axle of drum 4 by rubber wheel then that be arranged on loading head
Hold；Bearing load subjected to is radial load.The described test load acting on test bearing adds in 0～6s internal linear
It is loaded onto 504KN, and keeps 6 seconds；Keep laggard line linearity unloading in 6 seconds, be offloaded to 0KN 14 seconds internal linear.
While carrying out loading spectrum loading, carry out rotating speed spectrum loading, when bearing load reaches 504KN, pass through three-phase
Ac variable frequency speed regulation asynchronous motor control drum accelerates 0～18 second internal linear, and reaches 256rpm when the 18th second,
Make test bearing rotating speed is rating test rotating speed 1237rmp simultaneously, keeps this rotating speed 2 seconds；When bearing load is offloaded to
During 0KN, clamp brake disc 20 by control brake 9, in 6 seconds, make test bearing stop operating.
In process of the test, if there is vibration, the noise abnormal phenomena caused by test bearing, or bearing inner race temperature is rapid
Increase, or other abnormal phenomenas, the most directly unload, clamp brake disc 20 by control brake 9 after unloading, make test
Bearing stops operating, and carries out the 5th step test, if it is determined that bearing did not lost efficacy, re-starts examination after getting rid of abnormal phenomena
Test step 1.
5th step: after test bearing unloading spline, move up loading head and make rubber wheel leave drum 4.Dismounting
Test bearing also uses what conventional method detected this bearing to have flawless, deformation, with or without fatigue flake or peel off the degree of depth,
Size, and analyze the temperature variation curve of test bearing inner ring under the effect of load and rotating speed, measure and remember
Play after record experiment.
Analyze the data of measured record, the then off-test if it is determined that test bearing lost efficacy according to a conventional method, otherwise carry out
Step 2.
Step 2: simulation termination is taken off test, bearing operating mode when simulated aircraft termination is taken off.Described termination is taken off mould
Intend content of the test and include that test bearing has flawless, deformation under loads, with or without fatigue flake or the peeling degree of depth, area
Size, and the temperature variation curve of test bearing inner ring under the effect of load and rotating speed, changed play before and after test.
Process of the test is as follows:
The first step: measure and record test fore bearing play, installation test bearing.Described measurement also records test front axle
Holding play, the process of installation test bearing is identical with the first step in step 1.
Second step: load transducer returns to zero.The process of described load transducer zeroing is identical with the second step in step 1.
3rd step: Adjustment Tests machine is to the critical state loaded.The mistake of the critical state that described Adjustment Tests machine extremely loads
Journey is identical with the 3rd step in step 1.
4th step: stop take-off simulation test.
I parameter determining load test.Described load test parameter includes: the operating pressure of oil cylinder output, test
The test load of bearing.
Each test parameters is determined by the method for step 1 the 4th step.
II after described each test parameters determines, test bearing carries out rotating speed and loading spectrum load test.In test:
Start triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine 1, drive drum to rotate by clutch 2, shaft coupling 16.Logical
Cross data acquisition unit and gather the data of thermocouple.The load being exerted by test bearing is monitored by load transducer 11
Lotus.
By strengthening the oil pressure of load cylinder import department, the operating pressure making oil cylinder export increases in 0～6s internal linear
8.18MPa, the piston rod of oil cylinder drives loading activity plate to load by load transducer, when loading activity strip is moved
This load, to drum 4 imposed load, is passed to be positioned at the axle of drum 4 by rubber wheel then that be arranged on loading head
Hold；Bearing load subjected to is radial load.The described test load acting on test bearing adds in 0～6s internal linear
It is loaded onto 504KN, and keeps 40 seconds；Keep laggard line linearity unloading in 40 seconds, be offloaded to 0KN 6 seconds internal linear.
While carrying out loading spectrum loading, carry out rotating speed spectrum loading, when bearing load reaches 504KN, pass through three-phase
Ac variable frequency speed regulation asynchronous motor control drum accelerates 0～20 second internal linear, and reaches 256rpm when the 20th second,
Make test bearing rotating speed is rating test rotating speed 1237rmp simultaneously.When bearing rotating speed reaches test speed 1237rpm,
Control triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine drum is linearly slowed down, be decelerated to stop operating in 20 seconds.
In process of the test, if there is vibration, the noise abnormal phenomena caused by test bearing, or bearing inner race temperature is rapid
Increase, or other abnormal phenomenas, the most directly unload, clamp brake disc 20 by control brake 9 after unloading, make test
Bearing stops operating, and carries out the 5th step test, if it is determined that bearing did not lost efficacy, re-starts examination after getting rid of abnormal phenomena
Test step 2.
5th step: after test bearing unloading spline, move up loading head and make rubber wheel leave drum 4.Dismounting
Test bearing also uses what conventional method detected this bearing to have flawless, deformation, with or without fatigue flake or peel off the degree of depth,
Size, measures and records play after experiment.The number of the thermocouple that data acquisition unit is collected by employing conventional method
According to being analyzed.Taking off and stopping take-off simulation of the completeest matched bearings is tested.
Claims (2)
1. take off/stop a simulation experiment method for airplane wheel bearing operating mode when taking off, by the loading of bearing tester
Device carries out described airplane wheel bearing static load simulation test；The charger bag of described bearing tester
Include hydraulic cylinder, fixed plate, load transducer, column, portable plate, rubber wheel, loading head, loading axle, braking
Device and brake disc；Charger is fixed on the upper surface of grade slab by column；Fixed plate is fixed on column top end
On face；Hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the geometric center of described fixed plate upper surface, and makes the expansion link of this hydraulic cylinder through solid
Determine after plate between the lower surface and portable plate upper surface of this fixed plate；Described portable plate is horizontally arranged at described vertical
The middle part of post, and move up and down with column for guide rail；Described portable plate upper surface geometric center is provided with load sensing
Device；Described portable plate lower surface has guide-track groove, and the carried base board that adds of loading head is arranged in this guide-track groove；At hydraulic cylinder
Expansion link end face and portable plate between fixedly mount load transducer；The two ends loading axle are separately fixed at loading
On two loading arms of head；Test bearing is arranged on the middle part loading axle；Rubber wheel is sleeved on described test bearing
On outer ring；Brake disc is sleeved on loading axle, and an end face of the flange in this brake disc and rubber wheel is fixed
Connect；The braking video disc of described brake disc is positioned in the braking intermediate plate of brake；The upper end of described brake is fixed on
The lower surface of carried base board is added in loading head；
It is characterized in that, the step of the simulation test of airplane wheel bearing operating mode when taking off of taking off/stop is:
Step 1: take-off simulation is tested, simulated aircraft heavy load takeoff condition；Specifically:
The first step: measure and record the play of the front test bearing of test, installation test bearing；It is right that test bearing one group two overlaps
Claiming to be arranged in rubber wheel, the outer ring of test bearing is fixed in steel ring, and inner ring is fixedly mounted on loading axle；Add
Carry axle two ends to be arranged on the loading arm of loading head by axle sleeve；Thermocouple is pasted in each test bearing inner peripheral surface,
And this thermocouple is connected by wire with data acquisition unit；
Second step: load transducer returns to zero；Promote the height of charger portable plate, make to be arranged on below this portable plate
Rubber wheel is in vacant state；Because of portable plate and the deadweight of loading head, the gravity of described deadweight during Vertical loading will be made
A part for vertical load puts on test bearing, therefore under rubber wheel is in vacant state, adjusts load
Sensor is to zero-bit；
3rd step: adjust bearing tester to the critical state loaded；By Hydraulic Cylinder portable plate with the speed of 1mm/s
Degree moves down；Adjusted the position of the rubber wheel being arranged on loading head by portable plate, make the circumference of this rubber wheel
Surface and the peripheral surface contacts of static drum；
4th step: simulate test of taking off；
I parameter determining load test: described load test parameter includes: the operating pressure of hydraulic cylinder output and examination
Test the test load of bearing；
The principle that linear velocity according to rubber wheel is identical with the linear velocity of drum, obtains formula:
The rotating speed of high workload of rubber wheel diameter × π × bearing=drum diameter × π × drum rotating speed
The rotating speed of drum is determined by described formula；
The rotating speed of rubber wheel is identical with the rotating speed of test bearing；The rotating speed of triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine and drum
Rotating speed is identical；
II test bearing carries out rotating speed and loading spectrum load test；In test:
Strengthening the oil pressure of hydraulic cylinder import department, the operating pressure making hydraulic cylinder export increases in 0～6s internal linear
8.18MPa, the expansion link of hydraulic cylinder drives portable plate to load by load transducer, when portable plate drives peace
The rubber wheel being contained on loading head, to drum imposed load, applies test to the test bearing being positioned at rubber wheel then
Load, the test load applied is radial load；The test load of test bearing is acted on 0～6s described in making
Internal linear is loaded onto 504KN, and keeps 6 seconds；Keep laggard line linearity unloading in 6 seconds, unload 14 seconds internal linear
It is loaded onto 0KN；
Carrying out rotating speed spectrum loading while carrying out loading spectrum loading, when test bearing load reaches 504KN, drum exists
Within 0～18 second, internal linear is accelerated, and reaches 256rpm when the 18th second, and make test bearing rotating speed is specified examination simultaneously
Test rotating speed 1237rmp, and keep this rotating speed 2 seconds；When test bearing load is offloaded to 0KN, by control system
Dynamic device clamping brake disc, made test bearing stop operating in 6 seconds；
5th step: after test bearing unloading spline, move up loading head and make rubber wheel leave drum；Dismounting test
Bearing also uses conventional method to detect this test bearing to have flawless, deformation, with or without fatigue flake or peel off the degree of depth,
Size, and analyze under the effect of load and rotating speed the temperature variation curve of test bearing inner ring, measure and
Play after record experiment；
Analyze the data of measured record, the then off-test if it is determined that test bearing lost efficacy according to a conventional method, otherwise walk
Rapid 2；
Step 2: simulation termination is taken off test, bearing operating mode when simulated aircraft termination is taken off；Described termination take-off simulation
Content of the test includes that test bearing has flawless, deformation under loads, with or without fatigue flake or the peeling degree of depth, area
Size, and the temperature variation curve of test bearing inner ring under the effect of load and rotating speed, before and after test, play becomes
Change；
Process of the test is as follows:
The first step: measure and record the play of the front test bearing of test, installation test bearing；Described measurement also records test
Fore bearing play, the process of installation test bearing is identical with the first step in step 1；
Second step: load transducer returns to zero；The process of described load transducer zeroing is identical with the second step in step 1；
3rd step: Adjustment Tests machine is to the critical state loaded；The process of the critical state that described Adjustment Tests machine extremely loads
Identical with the 3rd step in step 1；
4th step: stop take-off simulation test；
I parameter determining load test: described load test parameter includes: the operating pressure of hydraulic cylinder output, examination
Test the test load of bearing；
Each test parameters is determined by the method for step 1 the 4th step；
II pair of test bearing carries out rotating speed and loading spectrum load test；In test:
Start triphase AC variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous machine, drive drum to rotate by clutch and shaft coupling；Pass through data acquisition
Storage gathers the data of thermocouple；The load being exerted by test bearing is monitored by load transducer；
Strengthening the oil pressure of hydraulic cylinder import department, the operating pressure making hydraulic cylinder export increases in 0～6s internal linear
8.18MPa, the expansion link of hydraulic cylinder drives portable plate to load by load transducer, when portable plate drives peace
The rubber wheel being contained on loading head, to drum imposed load, applies test to the test bearing being positioned at rubber wheel then
Load, the test load applied is radial load；Make the test load acting on test bearing 0～6s interior lines
Property is loaded onto 504KN, and keeps 40 seconds；Keep laggard line linearity unloading in 40 seconds, be offloaded to 6 seconds internal linear
0KN；
Carrying out rotating speed spectrum loading while carrying out loading spectrum loading, when test bearing load reaches 504KN, drum exists
Within 0～20 second, internal linear is accelerated, and reaches 256rpm when the 20th second, and make test bearing rotating speed is specified examination simultaneously
Test rotating speed 1237rmp；When test bearing rotating speed reaches test speed 1237rpm, control three-phase alternating current frequency conversion and adjust
Drum is linearly slowed down by speed asynchronous motor, is decelerated to stop operating in 20 seconds；
5th step: after test bearing unloading spline, move up loading head and make rubber wheel leave drum；Dismounting test
Bearing also uses conventional method to detect this test bearing to have flawless, deformation, with or without fatigue flake or peel off the degree of depth,
Size, measures and records play after experiment；The thermocouple that data acquisition unit is collected by employing conventional method
Data are analyzed；So far complete airplane wheel bearing is taken off and stop take-off simulation test.
A kind of simulation experiment method of airplane wheel bearing operating mode when taking off that takes off/stop, it is special
Levying and be, simulation is taken off when testing, and the operating pressure of hydraulic cylinder output is determined by formula (1):
In formula: D is hydraulic cylinder internal diameter, unit is m；F is thrust hydraulic cylinder, and unit is N；P is operating pressure,
Unit is MPa；
The test load of test bearing is identical with the rated load of this test bearing.
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| CN201410594171.1A CN104344958B (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2014-10-29 | Take off/simulation experiment method of airplane wheel bearing operating mode while ending to take off |
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| CN201410594171.1A CN104344958B (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2014-10-29 | Take off/simulation experiment method of airplane wheel bearing operating mode while ending to take off |
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| CN104344958B true CN104344958B (en) | 2016-10-19 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108168884A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-15 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | A kind of no-load bearing impact test apparatus for having brake gear |
| CN110849601B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-08-06 | 西北工业大学 | Test equipment for detecting tire state of airplane during takeoff and landing |
| CN111766064A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-13 | 中国航发贵阳发动机设计研究所 | Ship-borne main shaft bearing impact test method |
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| CN104062122A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-24 | 西安航空制动科技有限公司 | Loading device for bearing tester |
| CN104111171A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-10-22 | 西安航空制动科技有限公司 | Drive unit for rotating outer ring and fixing inner ring of airplane wheel bearing |
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| GB0609049D0 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2006-06-14 | Airbus Uk Ltd | Method and apparatus for applying bending load to an axle of an aircraft landing gear |
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| EP0063245A1 (en) * | 1981-04-11 | 1982-10-27 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Device for testing vehicle wheels under simulated running conditions |
| CN102053015A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Tester for thrust bearing |
| CN102494908A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-06-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | Servo-motor aerodynamic load analog device of aircraft landing gear folding and unfolding |
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