CN104343452A - Mining method having non-normal route layout, and applications thereof - Google Patents

Mining method having non-normal route layout, and applications thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104343452A
CN104343452A CN201310336841.5A CN201310336841A CN104343452A CN 104343452 A CN104343452 A CN 104343452A CN 201310336841 A CN201310336841 A CN 201310336841A CN 104343452 A CN104343452 A CN 104343452A
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route
mining
ore
layout
sublevel
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范思远
范庆霞
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor

Abstract

A purpose of the present invention is to provide a mining method having the non-normal route layout to solve the problems of blast hole design and stoping ore-drawing of the non-normal route layout (such as: stage transporting level passing-through-vein transporting roadway) so as to reduce the influence of the non-normal route layout on the mining production, wherein the method is suitable for the mine having the non-normal upper-lower sublevel stoping route layout after the change of the pillarless sublevel caving slope structure parameters. According to the present invention, in the mine mined through the pillarless sublevel caving method, when the passing-through-vein transporting roadway of the stage transporting level and various sublevel stoping routes form the parallel layout, the passing-through-vein transporting roadway is positioned between the two routes after the sublevel height, the route interval or both the sublevel height and the route interval are changed, in order to ensure the stability of the loss dilution index of the stoping route having the upper-lower sublevel diamond layout, the blast holes are arranged in the routes having the diamond layout and the orebody on the adjacent earth-stage construction roadway is controlled, blasting, ore-drawing and other works are performed in the roadways according to the conventional method, and the crushed ore remaining on the upper portion of the earth-stage construction roadway is recovered in the stoping route corresponding to the next sublevel, such that the loss dilution index during the mining process is ensured.

Description

A kind of mining methods of improper layout route and application thereof
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of underground mining technology, particularly the mining methods of improper layout route in bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method, by optimizing the blast-hole design of relevant route and controlling the mining activity that its yield completes improper layout route.
[background technology]
Sublevel caving method without sill pillar is that a kind of structure is simple, convenient management, safely and efficiently mining methods, and at home and abroad underground mine has a wide range of applications.At present both at home and abroad mine adopts macrostructure parameter to match with large-scale digging equipment one after another to improve production efficiency of digging up mine, reduces mining production cost, has in succession occurred the arrangement form of high sublevel, Large space in stope structure parameter.The important technological parameters of sublevel caving method without sill pillar has height of lift, drift interval, ore caving interval etc., its exploitation feature is: carry out built by separate periods, the mine of mining by stages, accurate driving is adopted in order to normally carry out in an orderly manner, mining rock drilling, the work such as back production explosion and ore removal, the level of production is divided into several segmentations by level interval, and each segmentation is divided into several nuggets, on, extracting drift in lower each segmentation assumes diamond in shape arrangement architecture, mining long and medium hole drilling is carried out in extracting drift, explosion, the work such as ore removal, ore deposit rock flow in extracting drift ore removal process moves the rule followed spheroid and grow.Extracting drift, ore removal connection roadway, cutting a series of tunnel such as tunnel, airway is arranged in sectional plan, in cutting tunnel construction cutting big gun hole, in extracting drift in construction to fan-shaped mining medium-length hole, adopt pneumatic or hydraulic drill ring to carry out digging up mine the construction of medium-length hole.
Under normal circumstances, adopt the mine of sublevel caving method without sill pillar exploitation, when the tunnel of the special role of certain segment level construction in early stage parallels with each substoping route, when height of lift, drift interval or height of lift and drift interval change, the tunnel of construction in early stage destroys the rhombus arrangement of the upper and lower substoping route of sublevel caving method without sill pillar as extracting drift, thus make troubles to mining production, be therefore difficult to steel for shot and the ore removal way of determining construction tunnel in early stage.Existing way is in the extracting drift adjacent with construction tunnel in early stage, is controlled by the ore body of arrangement to construction tunnel in early stage top changing big gun hole, with ore that is broken, that reclaim construction tunnel top in early stage.The advantage of this way is adopted to be do not need to arrange in construction tunnel that explosion and ore removal work are carried out in mining big gun hole in early stage, decrease the hazards of mining activity, and according to sublevel caving method without sill pillar Side ore drawing principle, the ore of construction tunnel top fragmentation in early stage can not be released in normal route, this part ore after explosion can be loosened in improper layout route space, and be recycled in the route that next segmentation is corresponding, so the fluctuation of loss and dilution index can not be caused.
[summary of the invention]
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of mining methods and application thereof of improper layout route, solve blast-hole design and back production ore removal problem that certain segment level has the special role tunnel existence of construction in early stage, to reduce the impact that improper layout route is produced mining.
The present invention is achieved in that the mine adopting sublevel caving method without sill pillar exploitation, when early stage, construction tunnel paralleled with each substoping route, when height of lift, drift interval or height of lift and drift interval change, make early stage construction tunnel become improper layout route between two routes, thus add certain difficulty to mining activity.In order to resolve this problem, ensureing that activity in production is normally carried out in an orderly manner in mine, adopting following way to carry out the mining activity of construction tunnel in early stage.In the route of layout that assumes diamond in shape, arrange that big gun hole controls the ore body on adjacent construction tunnel in early stage top, way carries out the work such as explosion, ore removal in these tunnels routinely, remain in construction tunnel top in earlier stage to reclaim in the corresponding extracting drift of next segmentation through the ore of fragmentation, thus ensure that the stable of the loss and dilution index in mining process.Concrete implementation step is as follows: (1), in back production rock drilling process, according to stope structure parameter situation of change in conjunction with tunnel section arrangement diagram, arranges that in the route of layout that assumes diamond in shape mining big gun hole is to control the ore body on adjacent construction tunnel in early stage top; (2) in back production blasting process, powder charge and short-delay blasting are implemented to all big gun holes in same ore caving interval, make the ore body on construction tunnel top in early stage obtain fragmentation; (3) in back production ore removal process, equally with other routes yield and loss and dilution index is managed; (4) for remaining in the ore that construction tunnel top is broken in earlier stage by ore drawing rule affects, reclaimed in the route that next segmentation is corresponding, thus can ensure that the recovery index in each segmentation route is more or less the same, be conducive to the production management in mine.
The effect that the present invention has is as follows:
(1) related work of digging up mine all carries out in the new extracting drift of layout that assumes diamond in shape, and do not need to carry out expansion side to construction tunnel in early stage and caunch, mining production management is comparatively simple.
(2) in each substoping route, carry out normal draw control, do not need the mode taking Controlled ore drawing, be conducive to the mining loss dilution index of each segmentation in stable mine, each route.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the present invention's three kinds of different height of lift improper layout route big gun hole schematic diagrames;
Fig. 2 is the present invention's two kinds of different height of lift improper layout route big gun hole schematic diagrames.
In figure: 1-extracting drift, the improper layout route of 2-, 3-digs up mine big gun hole, and 4-extracting drift is numbered, 5-drift interval, 6-height of lift.
[detailed description of the invention]
With reference to Fig. 2, adopt the mine of sublevel caving method without sill pillar exploitation, when the layout that the special role tunnel of certain segmentation construction in early stage becomes to be parallel to each other with each substoping route, after height of lift, drift interval or height of lift and drift interval change, make early stage construction tunnel become improper layout route between two routes, thus add certain difficulty to mining activity.In order to resolve this problem, ensureing that activity in production is normally carried out in an orderly manner in mine, adopting following way to carry out the mining activity of construction tunnel in early stage.In the route of layout that assumes diamond in shape, arrange that big gun hole controls the ore body on adjacent construction tunnel in early stage top, way carries out the work such as explosion, ore removal in these tunnels routinely, remain in construction tunnel top in earlier stage to reclaim in the corresponding extracting drift of next segmentation through the ore of fragmentation, thus ensure that the loss and dilution index in mining process.Concrete implementation step is as follows: (1), in back production rock drilling process, according to stope structure parameter situation of change in conjunction with tunnel section arrangement diagram, arranges that in the route of layout that assumes diamond in shape mining big gun hole is to control the ore body on adjacent construction tunnel in early stage top; (2) in back production blasting process, powder charge and short-delay blasting are implemented to all big gun holes in same ore caving interval, make the ore body on construction tunnel top in early stage obtain fragmentation; (3) in back production ore removal process, the same with other routes yield and loss and dilution index to be managed; (4) for remaining in the ore that construction tunnel top is broken in earlier stage by ore drawing rule affects, reclaimed in the route that next segmentation is corresponding.
Embodiment 1:
Certain Large Underground production reserves, ore bodies is deposited concentrated greatly thick, moves towards long by 1370, width 824m, average thickness 134m.Adopt the scheme of built by separate periods, mining by stages, first phase construction period haulage level is-198m, phase II construction stage haulage level is-330m, the second stage of deepening project stage haulage level is-420m.In order to improve mining capacity, mine stage Ore Transportation adopts the form be circular layout, between-330m loop haulageway, arrange that 6 Chuan Mai tunnels are got in touch with mutually with Stope chute altogether, Chuan Mai tunnel spacing is 120m, from mine preliminary design, be parallel to each other between these Chuan Mai tunnel and stope mining routes and maintain the relation of diamond array.Mine phase II construction engineering adopts vertical shaft and ramp combined development, bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method, stope structure parameter is 15m × 15m, route section is 5.0m × 3.8m, and mining medium-length hole parameter is: blasthole diameter is φ 78mm, trestle column 1.6m, bottom hole pitch 2.0 ~ 2.5m.In order to constantly reduce mining cost, improve mining production efficiency, stope structure parameter is added greatly 15m × 20m by mine, therefore the diamond array relation between upper and lower two the substoping routes of-318m adjacent with-330m ,-348m and-330m Chuan Mai tunnel is changed, make-330m Chuan Mai tunnel be in the middle of the extracting drift of two normal arrangement, bring difficulty to mining production.In order to keep the stable of mining loss dilution index, do not change the ore drawing rule of each substoping route up and down, existing way is in-330m through-vein transporting drift, arrange that mining big gun hole controls the ore body on its top, big gun hole trestle column is identical with normal route or close is 1.6 ~ 2.5m, blasting work is carried out according to the requirement of digging order is the same with other routes in exploitation process, the big gun hole row of every separate explosion is with 2 ~ 4 rows, ore removal in p-330m segmentation through-vein transporting drift is controlled, and making it is 10 ~ 20% of a rock yield.According to the present invention, in the extracting drift adjacent with-330m Chuan Mai tunnel, controlled by the ore body of arrangement to through-vein transporting drift top changing big gun hole, in extracting drift, carry out the work such as rock drilling, explosion and ore removal, through-vein transporting drift top is reclaimed in-348m substoping route through the ore of fragmentation.This way is adopted to have the following advantages: (1) arranges that in-330m substoping route mining big gun hole can the ore body on its top broken effectively, creates good condition for successfully carrying out actual mining; (2) in stope, relevant mining activity completes in existing extracting drift, does not need to carry out the work such as expansion side caunches, driling explosion, ore removal in original-330m segmentation through-vein transporting drift; (3) way routinely carries out the management of loss and dilution index in-318m ,-330m ,-348m segmentation, and do not need to change the ore drawing mode of each substoping route up and down, thus mine management is simple.
Embodiment 2:
Certain underground Molybdenum Mine, orebody trend is about 1360m, average thickness is about 150m, deepening is more than 500m.The former employing in mine is opened up by adits mode, sublevel open stope method exploitation, and level haulage is horizontally set on 235m, 185m, wearing arteries and veins spacing is 25m, 185m constructed part along the pulse, through-vein transporting drift, because the reasons such as production efficiency is low, mining cost is high stop production.At present, mine adopts vertical shaft and ramp combined development mode, sublevel caving method without sill pillar to exploit, and height of lift is 15m, 20m, and drift interval is 25m.Because mining methods, stope structure parameter change, be originally between two extracting drifts of current practice in the Chuan Mai tunnel of 185m construction, brought certain difficulty to exploitation work.Existing way is, in order to keep the stable of loss and dilution index in mining process, do not change the ore drawing rule of each substoping route up and down, in 185m through-vein transporting drift, arrange that mining big gun hole controls the ore body on its top, big gun hole trestle column is identical with normal route or close is 1.6 ~ 2.5m, blasting work is carried out according to the requirement of digging order is the same with other routes in exploitation process, the big gun hole row of every separate explosion is with 2 ~ 4 rows, ore removal in 185m segmentation through-vein transporting drift is carried out and controls, usually yield is controlled as rock yield 0 ~ 30%.According to the present invention, in the extracting drift adjacent with 185m Chuan Mai tunnel, controlled by the ore body of arrangement to through-vein transporting drift top changing big gun hole, in extracting drift, carry out the work such as rock drilling, explosion and ore removal, through-vein transporting drift top is reclaimed in 165m substoping route through the ore of fragmentation.This way is adopted to have the following advantages: (1) arranges that in 185m substoping route mining big gun hole can the ore body on its top broken effectively, creates good condition for successfully carrying out actual mining; (2) in stope, relevant mining activity completes in existing extracting drift, does not need in original through-vein transporting drift, carry out the work such as expansion side caunches, driling explosion, ore removal; (3) the loss and dilution index of way management 205m, 185m, 165m segmentation routinely, do not need to change the ore drawing mode of each substoping route up and down, thus mine management is simple.
Embodiment 3:
Iron Mine mountain, adopts vertical shaft and ramp combined development, bottom-column-free sectional caving stoping method, and point three phases build and exploit.The stope structure parameter that first phase mining engineering adopts is 12m × 10m, route section is 4.2m × 3.2m, and the stage, haulage level was at-198m; The stope structure parameter that second phase mining engineering adopts is 15m × 15m and 15m × 20m, route section is 4.5m × 3.8m, and the stage, haulage level was at-330m; Three phase mining engineerings are intended adopting the stope structure parameter of 18m × 20m and the route section of 5.5m × 3.8m, and stage haulage level is intended being arranged on-450m.In mining production process, optimize and revise the mining problem that stope structure parameter all exists improper layout, processing badly will affect the loss and dilution index in mine at every turn.Be changed to example with the second phase in mine, three phase mining engineering stope structure parameters below, introduce a kind of mining methods and application thereof of improper layout route.
Mine second phase mining engineering experienced by two stages, the stope structure parameter that initial stage adopts is 15m × 15m, adopt the structural parameters of 15m × 20m after entering-258m, this change makes the rhombus relation between the existing through-vein transporting drift of-330m and-318m extracting drift change comprehensively.Mine three phase mining engineering intends the stope structure parameter adopting 18m × 20m, press 18m downwards from-318m and divide mining segmentation, thus the existing through-vein transporting drift of-330m " suspension " is between-318m ,-336m two segmentations, the improper Drift stoping work occurred thus is comparatively complicated, not only will consider that height of lift change is on the impact of through-vein transporting drift, also will consider the impact of present position, Chuan Mai tunnel on each substoping route in mining transient process.In order to keep the stable of mining loss dilution index, existing way is in-330m through-vein transporting drift, arrange that mining big gun hole controls the ore body on its top, big gun hole trestle column is identical with normal route or close is 1.6 ~ 2.5m, requirement route relevant to-336m segmentation in exploitation process according to digging order synchronously carries out blasting work, the big gun hole row of every separate explosion is 2 ~ 4 rows, ore removal in p-330m segmentation through-vein transporting drift is controlled, and making it is 10 ~ 20% of a rock yield.According to the present invention, in the extracting drift adjacent with Chuan Mai tunnel, controlled by the ore body of arrangement to through-vein transporting drift top changing big gun hole, in-336m substoping route, carry out the work such as rock drilling, explosion and ore removal, through-vein transporting drift top is reclaimed in-354m substoping route through the ore of fragmentation.This way is adopted to have the following advantages: (1) arranges that in-336m substoping route mining big gun hole can the ore body on its top broken effectively, creates good condition for successfully carrying out actual mining; (2) in stope, relevant mining activity completes in existing substoping route, does not need to carry out the work such as expansion side caunches, driling explosion, ore removal in original-330m segmentation through-vein transporting drift; (3) way routinely carries out the management of loss and dilution index in-318m ,-336m ,-354m segmentation, and do not need to change the ore drawing mode of each substoping route up and down, thus mine management is simple.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the inventive method; can also make some improvement and supplement, these improve and supplement and also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the mining methods of an improper layout route and application thereof, according to certain blasthole diameter, trestle column, close coefficient arranges mining big gun hole, and carry out explosion and ore removal work according to digging sequence requirement, it is characterized in that: work as height of lift, when drift interval or height of lift and drift interval change, rhombus arrangement between relevant segments extracting drift and the existing through-vein transporting drift of stage haulage level changes (that is: between two extracting drifts, occurring improper layout route), in extracting drift, arrange that mining big gun hole controls the ore body on improper layout route top and carries out explosion and ore removal work.
2. mining steel for shot mode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ore body on improper layout route top controls in route is correlated with in the segmentation of the improper layout route of appearance, and the ore body of improper layout route bottom controls in next segmentation route.
3. the mining steel for shot form according to claim 1,2, is characterized in that: in order to stablize the loss and dilution index of each segmentation, and improper layout route top is reclaimed in the route that segmentation is corresponding through the ore of fragmentation.
CN201310336841.5A 2013-07-28 2013-07-28 Mining method having non-normal route layout, and applications thereof Pending CN104343452A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107436990A (en) * 2016-05-27 2017-12-05 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 A kind of uncompensated space blasting failure processing method
CN109252869A (en) * 2018-11-06 2019-01-22 首钢集团有限公司 It digs up mine a kind ofly mountain medium-length hole cloth pore structure

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CN1734055A (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-02-15 宝钢集团上海梅山有限公司 Sill-free sublevel caving method with drift space greater than sublevel height

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107436990A (en) * 2016-05-27 2017-12-05 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 A kind of uncompensated space blasting failure processing method
CN107436990B (en) * 2016-05-27 2021-02-05 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 Compensation-free space blasting fault processing method
CN109252869A (en) * 2018-11-06 2019-01-22 首钢集团有限公司 It digs up mine a kind ofly mountain medium-length hole cloth pore structure

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Application publication date: 20150211