CN104330052A - Heterodyne three-frequency unequal range phase displacement solution phase method - Google Patents

Heterodyne three-frequency unequal range phase displacement solution phase method Download PDF

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CN104330052A
CN104330052A CN201410675447.9A CN201410675447A CN104330052A CN 104330052 A CN104330052 A CN 104330052A CN 201410675447 A CN201410675447 A CN 201410675447A CN 104330052 A CN104330052 A CN 104330052A
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point
image
frequency
striped
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CN104330052B (en
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耿磊
刘文超
肖志涛
张芳
吴骏
李月龙
杨振杰
叶琨
甘鹏
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a heterodyne three-frequency unequal range phase displacement solution phase method, and the method is as follows: selecting three frequencies, firstly adopting four-step phase shift method to obtain the package phase and average light intensity of the middle frequency, adopting two-step phase shift method to obtain the package phase corresponding to the two frequencies under the condition with known light intensity, obtaining the true phase according to the heterodyne method, adopting the contour line sine and cosine filtering method in the optical grating projection three-dimensional measurement, using stripe direction information for filtering the package phase on isophasal line, the method uses less projection picture for exactly measuring and uses the stripe direction information for filtering the package phase picture for effectively removing the inconsistent points in the package phase picture, the heterodyne three-frequency unequal range phase displacement solution phase method is used in the phase method three-dimensional shape measurement for effectively raising the measuring efficiency and measuring accuracy.

Description

Heterodyne system three frequently does not wait to walk transfers from one place to another under escort phase method mutually
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of image processing, particularly a kind of heterodyne system three frequently does not wait to walk and transfers from one place to another under escort phase method mutually, efficiently accurately can obtain the three-dimensional information of object.
Background technology
Optical grating projection three-dimensional measurement technology is a kind of method utilizing phase information to carry out three-D profile accurately to measure, and the method obtaining phase place at present mainly contains phase-shift method and Fourier Transform Profilemetry.Phase-shift method is because precision is high, resolution is high and not too responsive and be widely used to the change of body surface reflectivity.The method calculates by gathering multiframe phase shift bar graph the wrapped phase value comprising measured object surface deformation information.Because wrapped phase value is in [-π, π] interval, therefore mapping to obtain continuous phase, needing wrapped phase to launch, obtaining real phase value.Phase unwrapping package method can be divided into based on unifrequency with based on multifrequency solution packaging method, one group of wrapped phase value is only obtained when measuring based on unifrequent unpacking method, therefore it is unpacking scope, is unpacking equal Shortcomings in precision and fault tolerance, and when measuring based on multifrequency unpacking method, obtain many group wrapped phase values, increase the scope of unpacking, improve and unpack precision, reduce error effect.Gray (Gray) code method and multifrequency phase shifting method is mainly contained based on multifrequency solution packaging method.Gray code method to illumination and measured object surface light dark ratio more responsive, often occur that pixel boundary decoding is incorrect, be easily subject to noise and measurement range limits by Gray's code-bar line number.Multifrequency phase shifting method improves measuring accuracy and measurement range by increasing different frequency striped, strengthens adaptability.Current multifrequency phase shifting method has become industrial most widely used object high-precision three-dimensional Profile construction method, but multifrequency phase shifting method needs the multiple image taking different frequency.
Based on the three-dimensional measurement technology of optical grating projection, when reading the stripe adopting cosine coding, the distribution of its gradation of image should be cosine distribution.But due to the impact of the factors such as the electronic noise interference in the nonlinear object of optical projection system, picture pick-up device and neighbourhood noise, cause there is much noise in the intensity profile of coding pattern, this will cause producing error when phase recovery, affect the three-dimensional reconstruction on discontinuous objects surface.Reduce using optimized algorithm, in the process of phase error, first need to carry out gamma correction to optical projection system, but trimming process to need the plenty of time, and require that the gamma value of projector is relatively fixing.Secondly, need to carry out error compensation to phase place, the method based on spline-fitting needs through successive ignition when phase calculation, and operand is larger; The phase error precomputed will be stored in a look-up table and be used for compensating error by the method based on look-up table, calculates process need plenty of time of phase error and higher to environmental requirement to the method; Method based on image filtering carries out common frequency domain or airspace filter to phase image, can greatly stress release treatment, reduces phase error, but to the curved surface containing height saltus step, can lose object boundary saltus step information.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of heterodyne system three frequently not wait step to transfer from one place to another under escort phase method mutually, the gordian technique in Application way realize the quantity reducing shooting image obtain accurately measuring accuracy while can reduce noise and object height saltus step to the impact of precision.
The present invention is realized by such technical scheme: a kind of heterodyne system three does not wait to walk frequently transfers from one place to another under escort phase method mutually, the measuring table utilizing digital projector, video camera, PC to form realizes the projection lighting of striped and the data acquisition and processing (DAP) of bar graph, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) project three different frequencies totally 8 width bar graphs, and pick-up slip print image, wherein adopt intermediate frequency f 2projection four-step phase-shifting striped, frequency f 1and f 3project two step phase shift stripeds;
(2) adopt not wait to walk and transfer from one place to another under escort facies principle mutually and solve frequency f 1, f 2, f 3corresponding wrapped phase
(3) respectively the filtering of isoline sine and cosine is carried out to the wrapped phase value of trying to achieve;
(4) heterodyne principle is adopted to obtain frequency f 2the true phase Φ of deforming stripe image 2;
(5) binocular phase place solid matching method is utilized to calculate object dimensional surface cloud data.
Substantive distinguishing features of the present invention is, chooses three frequency cosine wave (CW)s, the cosine wave (CW) of each frequency is carried out to the spatial phase shift of different step number, only need project and take the true phase figure that eight width bar graphs can obtain better quality.Optical projection system is being carried out on the basis of gamma correction simultaneously, for the problem of process of heterodyning difference frequency superposition wrapped phase noise, propose before wrapped phase figure being carried out to solution parcel, adopt isoline sine and cosine filtering method to carry out noise reduction process to it, the present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
1. utilize less projection image to carry out Measurement accuracy.
2. make full use of stripe direction information and filtering is carried out to wrapped phase figure, effectively remove the inconsistent point in wrapped phase figure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: measuring method process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2: heterodyne principle schematic diagram;
Fig. 3: the isoline of striped and normal direction curve synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Process flow diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, first projects and gathers three different frequencies totally 8 width bar graph (intermediate frequency f 2projection four-step phase-shifting striped, frequency f 1and f 3project two step phase shift stripeds), then adopt the step such as not to transfer from one place to another under escort facies principle mutually and calculate background light intensity and frequency f 2wrapped phase value and when background light intensity is known calculated rate f 1and f 3corresponding wrapped phase value with afterwards the filtering of isoline sine and cosine is carried out respectively to three wrapped phases.Secondly employing heterodyne principle will with it is f that difference frequency superposition obtains equivalent frequency 12phase function θ 12(x, y), will with it is f that difference frequency superposition obtains equivalent frequency 23phase function θ 23(x, y), and respectively sine and cosine filtering is carried out to it.Finally solve the phase function θ containing body surface deformation data by Twice heterodyne again 123(x, y), utilizes binocular phase matching method to obtain object dimensional surface cloud data.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific implementation process of technical solution of the present invention is illustrated.
1. three different frequency totally 8 projection of width bar graph and collections
Computer simulation generates 8 width wavelength X 1, λ 2and λ 3what be respectively 15,17,20 (unit: pixel/cycle, projected fringe width W=1020 pixels) meets the gray scale bar graph that three do not wait step phase-shift coding scheme frequently.Use projector that 8 width bar graphs are projected measured object surface, gather with video camera.
2. do not wait step phase-shift method solution phase place
In optical grating projection three-dimensional measurement, projection cosine strip encoding is to testee surface, and strip encoding is formed deforming stripe by body surface modulates information, and suppose that projection light intensity meets standard cosine distribution, then the intensity distribution function of deforming stripe image is:
The deforming stripe image intensity that I (x, y) takes for video camera, the intensity that a (x, y) is bias light, b (x, y) is modulated amplitude, and f is fringe frequency, for phase function to be solved.Containing three unknown quantitys in formula, the phase value that therefore will solve same tested point at least will obtain three light intensity function values.
The three frequency heterodynes method that etc. step does not transfer from one place to another under escort phase place is mutually that (three frequencies are designated as f respectively to three kinds of different frequency stripeds 1, f 2and f 3) adopt different step number phase shift algorithm to solve the wrapped phase value obtaining respective frequency.Frequency f 2employing standard four-step phase-shifting striped, moves 4 times by cosine grating, each moving step length α=pi/2, and the 4 width images that can collect like this, to try to achieve the phase value of object, establish I here n(x, y) represents the n-th width image intensity, then:
Utilize this four amplitude variations shape stripe pattern to try to achieve phase place to be:
Suppose that camera and projector have sizable depth of field, measured object surface reflection is linear simultaneously, then in 4 width images, average luminous intensity coefficient a (x, y) at same position pixel (i, j) place is a constant.
a(x,y)=(I 1(x,y)+I 2(x,y)+I 3(x,y)+I 4(x,y))/4 (4)
Frequency f 1and f 3all adopt two step phase shifting methods, phaseshift step size α=3 pi/2, respectively can collect sinusoidal and cosine two width bar graph like this, light intensity function is respectively
Utilize formula (4) to try to achieve a (x, y), substitution formula (9) and formula (10) can ask frequency f 1and f 3the wrapped phase value of deforming stripe image with
Wherein I n(x, y) represents the n-th width image intensity, and a (x, y) is average luminous intensity coefficient, and arctan is for solving arctan function.
3. isoline sine and cosine filtering
Direct use traditional filtering method carries out filtering to actual package phase diagram, can lose phase cycling saltus step information while removing noise.Due to just, the gray-scale value of cosine image is continually varying, align, cycle saltus step message part that cosine image filtering can not damage original image, this algorithm proposes to adopt sine and cosine filtering method to carry out filtering to the wrapped phase figure in optical grating projection three-dimensional measurement process, first calculate phase diagram just, cosine result figure, and then this two width image is carried out medium filtering according to stripe direction information in Contoured Window, remove noise, finally by after after filtering just, cosine image does division arithmetic, obtains phase diagram.
Isoline currently with striped moves towards the parallel line in local, and normal direction curve is the current line moving towards partial vertical with striped, as shown in Figure 3.For determining that striped isoline and normal direction curve first ask for stripe direction.
If certain any coordinate is P on image i(x i, y i), the stripe direction of this point is θ i, from the definition of stripe direction figure, the direction value θ of directional diagram is the tangential direction of striped isoline.Can be similar in current neighborhood of a point and replace striped isoline with tangent line, therefore, two consecutive point P of this point on isoline can be obtained according to stripe direction figure by this i+1(x i+1, y i+1) and P i-1(x i-1, y i-1):
x i + 1 = x i + cos θ i y i + 1 = y i + sin θ i , x i - 1 = x i - cos θ i y i - 1 = y i - sin θ i - - - ( 11 )
In like manner, continue, to both sides expansion, P to be obtained respectively i+2(x i+2, y i+2) and P i-2(x i-2, y i-2) etc.One can be obtained thus and cross current point P i(x i, y i) and along the curve of stripe direction, be striped isoline, the phase value of each point and some P on curve i(x i, y i) phase value equal, namely on the isoline of striped, the phase place of striped remains unchanged.
For bar graph, the gradation of image difference along striped tangential direction is minimum, and maximum perpendicular to the gradation of image difference of striped tangential direction.So can calculate the gray difference of every bit along all directions, when obtaining minimum value, corresponding direction is stripe direction.Gradient method is a kind of conventional method asking for stripe direction.
Due to digital picture only value on Integer Pel, and the point (x obtained by said method i, y i) might not be integral point.For reducing the error caused by the value on a stripe direction figure round numbers pixel, can get and gained non-integer point (x i, y i) linear interpolation of stripe direction value of adjacent four Integer Pel points as the stripe direction value of this point, to reduce discretization error.
4. adopt heterodyne principle solution phase place
Heterodyne principle is by two kinds of different frequency f 1, f 2the phase function that striped is corresponding with obtaining a kind of new equivalent frequency through difference frequency superposition is f 12phase function θ 12(x), different frequency f 1, f 2and f 12the wavelength that striped is corresponding is respectively λ 1, λ 2and λ 12.
Effective wavelength λ 12can be expressed as through calculating:
λ 12 = | λ 1 λ 2 λ 1 - λ 2 | - - - ( 12 )
The phase image utilizing heterodyne principle will be wrapped in interval [-π, π] launches, and obtains continuous print phase image within the scope of the whole audience.Suppose that the wavelength that different frequency is corresponding is respectively λ 1, λ 2and λ 3value, then by λ 1and λ 2calculate effective wavelength λ 12, λ 2and λ 3calculate effective wavelength λ 23, λ 12and λ 23calculate effective wavelength λ 123.In order to realize continuous print true phase image within the scope of the whole audience, effective wavelength λ 123the row pixel count W (projector projects nicking) of projector projects should be more than or equal to, i.e. λ 123>=W.
The computing formula that different frequency striped wrapped phase launches is:
In formula, Φ ifor true phase value, N ifor striped integer series, for λ 1corresponding phase function.
For the different striped wavelength X of same point on determinand bodily form face aand λ b(a equals 1 respectively, and 2,12; Corresponding b equals 2,3,23 respectively), difference frequency superposition obtains effective wavelength λ abphase function θ ab(x), the fringe phase value recorded meets:
Substitution formula (13), can calculated rate f 2the true phase Φ of deforming stripe image 2for:
φ 2=2-122-23)/2 (18)
In formula, Round is bracket function, θ 123(x, y) is effective wavelength λ 123corresponding phase place, Φ 2-12for utilizing effective wavelength λ 12and its phase theta 12the frequency f that (x, y) obtains 2the true phase of deforming stripe image, Φ 2-23for utilizing effective wavelength λ 23and its phase theta 23the frequency f that (x, y) obtains 2the true phase of deforming stripe image.For reducing error, true phase Φ 2for Φ 2-12and Φ 2-23mean value.
5. object dimensional surface cloud data
Stereo matching based on phase place be according to space same point in left and right cameras as in plane, the conditions such as the local phase of picture point and epipolar-line constraint condition carry out stereoscopic vision coupling, find out the picpointed coordinate pair that any point on object corresponds to left and right cameras image.The picture point point of two camera reviews is corresponded to the calibration result with camera chain according to spatial point, utilize spatial point, picture point and video camera photocentre principle point-blank, by the method for space line find intersection, the three-dimensional coordinate of solution room point, finally can obtain three-dimensional point cloud.
In sum, the present invention can utilize less projection image to carry out Measurement accuracy, the noise spot in simultaneously effectively filtering wrapped phase figure, inhibits the amplification of phase fluctuation error, weakens in wrapped phase figure and wraps up the fuzzy of border 2 π trip point.The 3-d recovery that this algorithm is used in object can improve precision and efficiency, has very high practical value.
According to the above description, the solution of the present invention can be realized in conjunction with art technology.

Claims (5)

1. heterodyne system three frequently does not wait to walk and transfers from one place to another under escort a phase method mutually, and the measuring table utilizing digital projector, video camera, PC to form realizes the projection lighting of striped and the data acquisition and processing (DAP) of bar graph, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) project three different frequencies totally 8 width bar graphs, and pick-up slip print image, wherein adopt intermediate frequency f 2projection four-step phase-shifting striped, frequency f 1and f 3project two step phase shift stripeds;
(2) adopt not wait to walk and transfer from one place to another under escort facies principle mutually and solve frequency f 1, f 2, f 3corresponding wrapped phase
(3) respectively the filtering of isoline sine and cosine is carried out to the wrapped phase value of trying to achieve;
(4) heterodyne principle is adopted to obtain frequency f 2the true phase Φ of deforming stripe image 2;
(5) binocular phase place solid matching method is utilized to calculate object dimensional surface cloud data.
2. heterodyne system three according to claim 1 frequently does not wait to walk and transfers from one place to another under escort phase method mutually, it is characterized in that, in step (2),
In optical grating projection three-dimensional measurement, projection cosine strip encoding is to testee surface, and strip encoding is formed deforming stripe by body surface modulates information, and suppose that projection light intensity meets standard cosine distribution, then the intensity distribution function of deforming stripe image is:
The deforming stripe image intensity that I (x, y) takes for video camera, the intensity that a (x, y) is bias light, b (x, y) is modulated amplitude, and f is fringe frequency, for phase function to be solved; Containing three unknown quantitys in formula, the phase value that therefore will solve same tested point at least will obtain three light intensity function values;
The three frequency heterodynes method that etc. step does not transfer from one place to another under escort phase place mutually adopts different step number phase shift algorithm to solve the wrapped phase value obtaining respective frequency to three kinds of different frequency stripeds; Three frequencies are designated as f respectively 1, f 2and f 3;
Frequency f 2employing standard four-step phase-shifting striped, moves 4 times by cosine grating, each moving step length α=pi/2, and the 4 width images that can collect like this, to try to achieve the phase value of object, establish I here n(x, y) represents the n-th width image intensity, then:
Utilize this four amplitude variations shape stripe pattern to try to achieve phase place to be:
Suppose that camera and projector have sizable depth of field, measured object surface reflection is linear simultaneously, then in 4 width images, average luminous intensity coefficient a (x, y) at same position pixel (i, j) place is a constant;
a(x,y)=(I 1(x,y)+I 2(x,y)+I 3(x,y)+I 4(x,y))/4 (4)
Frequency f 1and f 3all adopt two step phase shifting methods, phaseshift step size α=3 pi/2, respectively can collect sinusoidal and cosine two width bar graph like this, light intensity function is respectively
Utilize formula (4) to try to achieve a (x, y), substitution formula (9) and formula (10) can ask frequency f 1and f 3the wrapped phase value of deforming stripe image with
Wherein I n(x, y) represents the n-th width image intensity, and a (x, y) is average luminous intensity coefficient, and arctan is for solving arctan function.
3. heterodyne system three according to claim 1 frequently does not wait to walk and transfers from one place to another under escort phase method mutually, it is characterized in that, in step (3),
Direct use traditional filtering method carries out filtering to actual package phase diagram, can lose phase cycling saltus step information while removing noise; Due to just, the gray-scale value of cosine image is continually varying, align, cycle saltus step message part that cosine image filtering can not damage original image, this algorithm proposes to adopt sine and cosine filtering method to carry out filtering to the wrapped phase figure in optical grating projection three-dimensional measurement process, first calculate phase diagram just, cosine result figure, and then this two width image is carried out medium filtering according to stripe direction information in Contoured Window, remove noise, finally by after after filtering just, cosine image does division arithmetic, obtains phase diagram;
Isoline currently with striped moves towards the parallel line in local, and normal direction curve is the current line moving towards partial vertical with striped, as shown in Figure 3; For determining that striped isoline and normal direction curve first ask for stripe direction;
If certain any coordinate is P on image i(x i, y i), the stripe direction of this point is θ i, from the definition of stripe direction figure, the direction value θ of directional diagram is the tangential direction of striped isoline; Can be similar in current neighborhood of a point and replace striped isoline with tangent line, therefore, two consecutive point P of this point on isoline can be obtained according to stripe direction figure by this i+1(x i+1, y i+1) and P i-1(x i-1, y i-1):
x i + 1 = x i + cos θ i y i + 1 = y i + sin θ i , x i - 1 = x i - cos θ i y i - 1 = y i - sin θ i - - - ( 11 )
In like manner, continue, to both sides expansion, P to be obtained respectively i+2(x i+2, y i+2) and P i-2(x i-2, y i-2) etc.; One can be obtained thus and cross current point P i(x i, y i) and along the curve of stripe direction, be striped isoline, the phase value of each point and some P on curve i(x i, y i) phase value equal, namely on the isoline of striped, the phase place of striped remains unchanged;
For bar graph, the gradation of image difference along striped tangential direction is minimum, and maximum perpendicular to the gradation of image difference of striped tangential direction; So can calculate the gray difference of every bit along all directions, when obtaining minimum value, corresponding direction is stripe direction; Gradient method is a kind of conventional method asking for stripe direction;
Due to digital picture only value on Integer Pel, and the point (x obtained by said method i, y i) might not be integral point; For reducing the error caused by the value on a stripe direction figure round numbers pixel, can get and gained non-integer point (x i, y i) linear interpolation of stripe direction value of adjacent four Integer Pel points as the stripe direction value of this point, to reduce discretization error.
4. heterodyne system three according to claim 1 frequently does not wait to walk and transfers from one place to another under escort phase method mutually, it is characterized in that, in step (4),
Heterodyne principle is by two kinds of different frequency f 1, f 2the phase function that striped is corresponding with obtaining a kind of new equivalent frequency through difference frequency superposition is f 12phase function θ 12(x), different frequency f 1, f 2and f 12the wavelength that striped is corresponding is respectively λ 1, λ 2and λ 12;
Effective wavelength λ 12can be expressed as through calculating:
λ 12 = | λ 1 λ 2 λ 1 - λ 2 | - - - ( 12 )
The phase image utilizing heterodyne principle will be wrapped in interval [-π, π] launches, and obtains continuous print phase image within the scope of the whole audience; Suppose that the wavelength that different frequency is corresponding is respectively λ 1, λ 2and λ 3value, then by λ 1and λ 2calculate effective wavelength λ 12, λ 2and λ 3calculate effective wavelength λ 23, λ 12and λ 23calculate effective wavelength λ 123; In order to realize continuous print true phase image within the scope of the whole audience, effective wavelength λ 123the row pixel count W (projector projects nicking) of projector projects should be more than or equal to, i.e. λ 123>=W;
The computing formula that different frequency striped wrapped phase launches is:
In formula, Φ ifor true phase value, N ifor striped integer series, for λ 1corresponding phase function;
For the different striped wavelength X of same point on determinand bodily form face aand λ b(a equals 1 respectively, and 2,12; Corresponding b equals 2,3,23 respectively), difference frequency superposition obtains effective wavelength λ abphase function θ ab(x), the fringe phase value recorded meets:
Substitution formula (13), can calculated rate f 2the true phase Φ of deforming stripe image 2for:
φ 2=(φ 2-122-23)/2 (18)
In formula, Round is bracket function, θ 123(x, y) is effective wavelength λ 123corresponding phase place, Φ 2-12for utilizing effective wavelength λ 12and its phase theta 12the frequency f that (x, y) obtains 2the true phase of deforming stripe image, Φ 2-23for utilizing effective wavelength λ 23and its phase theta 23the frequency f that (x, y) obtains 2the true phase of deforming stripe image; For reducing error, true phase Φ 2for Φ 2-12and Φ 2-23mean value.
5. heterodyne system three according to claim 1 frequently does not wait to walk and transfers from one place to another under escort phase method mutually, it is characterized in that, in step (5), Stereo matching based on phase place be according to space same point in left and right cameras as in plane, the conditions such as the local phase of picture point and epipolar-line constraint condition carry out stereoscopic vision coupling, find out any point on object and correspond to the picpointed coordinate pair of left and right cameras image; Then the picture point point of two camera reviews is corresponded to the calibration result with camera chain according to spatial point, utilize spatial point, picture point and video camera photocentre principle point-blank, by the method for space line find intersection, the three-dimensional coordinate of solution room point, finally can obtain three-dimensional point cloud.
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