CN104329165B - Two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free piston engine - Google Patents
Two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free piston engine Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机,包括液压缸体、内燃缸体以及活塞组件,所述液压缸体和所述内燃缸体各有两个,所述内燃缸体具有燃烧腔,所述液压缸体具有相互连通的第一内腔和第二内腔。所述活塞组件包括两个活塞杆以及随动杆,每个所述活塞杆设置有液压活塞和压缩活塞,所述液压活塞将所述第一内腔分隔为平衡腔和泵腔,所述压缩活塞在所述第二内腔内分隔形成压缩腔。通过将活塞杆与相应的内燃缸体串联在一起,当其中一个内燃缸体的燃烧腔在进压缩、膨胀冲程时,另一个内燃缸体的燃烧腔进排气、吸气冲程,这样安装在该内燃缸体的活塞杆仅在随动杆的带动下跟随另一活塞杆往复运动,整个过程活塞组件不受扭转力矩作用。
The invention provides a two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine, comprising a hydraulic cylinder block, an internal combustion cylinder block and a piston assembly, two hydraulic cylinder blocks and two internal combustion cylinder blocks each, and the internal combustion cylinder block has a combustion chamber , the hydraulic cylinder block has a first inner chamber and a second inner chamber communicated with each other. The piston assembly includes two piston rods and a follower rod, each of the piston rods is provided with a hydraulic piston and a compression piston, and the hydraulic piston divides the first inner chamber into a balance chamber and a pump chamber, and the compression The piston divides and forms a compression chamber in the second inner chamber. By connecting the piston rods in series with the corresponding internal combustion cylinders, when the combustion chamber of one of the internal combustion cylinders is in the compression and expansion strokes, the combustion chamber of the other internal combustion cylinders is in the exhaust and suction strokes. The piston rod of the internal combustion cylinder only follows the other piston rod to reciprocate under the drive of the follower rod, and the piston assembly is not affected by torsional moment in the whole process.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种发动机,尤其是一种活塞组件无扭转力矩的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机。The invention relates to an engine, in particular to a two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine with no torsion moment in the piston assembly.
背景技术Background technique
随着全球经济的发展,对于能源的消耗加剧,而由此带来的环境问题也日渐突出,节能和环保成为目前全球关注的两大课题,液压自由活塞发动机具有可变压缩比同时又可实现柔性布置,从而可提高燃料经济性并降低排放污染,是行走机械有希望的动力之星。With the development of the global economy, the consumption of energy has intensified, and the resulting environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. Energy saving and environmental protection have become two major issues of global concern. The hydraulic free piston engine has a variable compression ratio and can achieve Flexible arrangement, which can improve fuel economy and reduce emission pollution, is a promising power star for walking machinery.
液压自由活塞发动机经过近四十年的发展,在众多学者和科研机构进行了不懈的努力,取得了一定的效果。目前的液压自由活塞发动机一般是运用二冲程内燃机进行动力驱动,但是由于二冲程内燃机的吸气过程与排气过程的重叠度很大,废气的排出不完全,充气系数低,燃料的燃烧不完全,污染物排放超标,因此除了在一些特定的场合还有应用外,市场上已几乎难觅其踪迹。也有研究机构采用两缸四冲程柴油机作为液压自由活塞发动机的动力驱动装置,但是由于两个燃烧腔的工作过程交替进行,而它们只驱动一个液压泵腔,液压泵的轴线在两个燃烧腔的中间位置,这样当其中一个燃烧腔处于压缩、膨胀冲程时,另一腔处于排气、吸气冲程,即一个燃烧腔作用在活塞上的力相对于另一个燃烧腔要大很多,这样对于整个活塞组件来说就会受到一个扭转力矩的作用,使得活塞运动时的阻力增大,降低了发动机的运动频率和输出功率。After nearly 40 years of development, the hydraulic free piston engine has made unremitting efforts in many scholars and scientific research institutions, and has achieved certain results. The current hydraulic free piston engine is generally powered by a two-stroke internal combustion engine, but due to the large overlap between the intake process and the exhaust process of the two-stroke internal combustion engine, the discharge of exhaust gas is incomplete, the inflation coefficient is low, and the combustion of fuel is incomplete. , The discharge of pollutants exceeds the standard, so it is almost difficult to find it in the market except for some specific occasions. There are also research institutions that use a two-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine as the power drive device of the hydraulic free-piston engine, but because the working process of the two combustion chambers is carried out alternately, and they only drive one hydraulic pump chamber, the axis of the hydraulic pump is between the two combustion chambers. In the middle position, when one of the combustion chambers is in the compression and expansion strokes, the other chamber is in the exhaust and suction strokes, that is, the force of one combustion chamber acting on the piston is much greater than that of the other combustion chamber. As far as the piston assembly is concerned, it will be subjected to a torsional moment, which increases the resistance when the piston moves, and reduces the movement frequency and output power of the engine.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种活塞组件不受扭转力矩作用的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机。The object of the present invention is to provide a two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine in which the piston assembly is not affected by torsion moment.
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机,包括液压缸体、内燃缸体以及活塞组件,所述液压缸体和所述内燃缸体各有两个,每个所述液压缸体分别与一个所述内燃缸体相对应,且两个所述液压缸体和两个所述内燃缸体分别并列放置,所述内燃缸体具有燃烧腔,所述液压缸体具有相互连通的第一内腔和第二内腔。所述活塞组件包括两个平行设置且端面平齐的活塞杆以及用于固定连接两个所述活塞杆的随动杆,同一个所述活塞杆的两端分别安装在所述液压缸体和与该液压缸体相对应的内燃缸体内,且每个所述活塞杆的一端设置有与所述燃烧腔配合的动力活塞,另一端设置有分别与所述第一内腔和所述第二内腔配合的液压活塞和压缩活塞,所述液压活塞将所述第一内腔分隔为平衡腔和泵腔,所述压缩活塞占据所述第二内腔部分空间并在所述第二内腔内分隔形成压缩腔。A two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine, including a hydraulic cylinder block, an internal combustion cylinder block and a piston assembly. There are two hydraulic cylinder blocks and two internal combustion cylinder blocks. Corresponding to the internal combustion cylinder block, and the two hydraulic cylinder blocks and the two internal combustion cylinder blocks are placed side by side respectively, the internal combustion cylinder block has a combustion chamber, and the hydraulic cylinder block has a first internal cavity and a second lumen. The piston assembly includes two parallel piston rods with flush ends and a follower rod for fixedly connecting the two piston rods. The two ends of the same piston rod are respectively installed on the hydraulic cylinder body and the In the internal combustion cylinder corresponding to the hydraulic cylinder, one end of each piston rod is provided with a power piston that cooperates with the combustion chamber, and the other end is provided with a power piston that is respectively connected with the first inner chamber and the second A hydraulic piston and a compression piston matched with two inner chambers, the hydraulic piston divides the first inner chamber into a balance chamber and a pump chamber, and the compression piston occupies part of the second inner chamber and is in the second inner chamber Intra-chamber partitions form compression chambers.
作为本发明的一种改进,本发明的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机还包括压缩蓄能器、频率控制阀以及选择换向阀,所述压缩蓄能器与所述频率控制阀的入口连接,所述频率控制阀的出口与所述选择换向阀的入口连接,所述选择换向阀的两个出口分别与两个所述液压缸体上的所述压缩腔连接。As an improvement of the present invention, the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of the present invention also includes a compression accumulator, a frequency control valve and a selector valve, and the compression accumulator is connected to the inlet of the frequency control valve The outlet of the frequency control valve is connected to the inlet of the selector valve, and the two outlets of the selector valve are respectively connected to the compression chambers on the two hydraulic cylinder blocks.
作为本发明的一种改进,本发明的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机还包括供油蓄能器、第一液控单向阀以及第二液控单向阀,每个所述液压缸体上的所述压缩腔都与一个所述第一液控单向阀的出口连接,每个所述液压缸体上的所述泵腔都与一个所述第二液控单向阀的出口连接,各个所述第一液控单向阀和所述第二液控单向阀的入口都与所述供油蓄能器连接,所述供油蓄能器同时与负载连接。As an improvement of the present invention, the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of the present invention also includes an oil supply accumulator, a first hydraulic control check valve and a second hydraulic control check valve, each of the hydraulic cylinders The compression chambers on each hydraulic cylinder block are connected to the outlet of one of the first hydraulically controlled one-way valves, and the pump chambers on each of the hydraulic cylinder blocks are connected to the outlet of one of the second hydraulically controlled one-way valves , the inlets of each of the first hydraulically controlled one-way valve and the second hydraulically controlled one-way valve are connected to the oil supply accumulator, and the oil supply accumulator is connected to the load at the same time.
作为本发明的一种改进,本发明的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机还包括负载蓄能器、泵油单向阀以及第一换向阀,每个所述液压缸体上的所述泵腔都与一个所述泵油单向阀的入口连接,每个所述液压缸体上的所述平衡腔都与一个所述第一换向阀的入口连接,各个所述泵油单向阀的出口和所述第一换向阀的出口都与所述负载蓄能器连接,所述负载蓄能器同时与负载连接。As an improvement of the present invention, the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of the present invention also includes a load accumulator, a pump oil check valve and a first reversing valve, and each of the pumps on the hydraulic cylinder block The cavities are all connected to the inlet of one of the pump oil check valves, the balance chambers on each of the hydraulic cylinder blocks are connected to the inlet of one of the first reversing valves, and each of the pump oil check valves The outlet of and the outlet of the first reversing valve are both connected to the load accumulator, and the load accumulator is connected to the load at the same time.
作为本发明的一种优选,所述第一换向阀为二位三通换向阀。As a preference of the present invention, the first reversing valve is a two-position three-way reversing valve.
作为本发明的一种改进,本发明的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机还包括控制油路和两个第二换向阀,连接在同一个所述液压缸体上的所述第一液控单向阀和所述第二液控单向阀的控制端与同一个所述第二换向阀的出口连接,两个所述第二换向阀分别与所述控制油路连接。As an improvement of the present invention, the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of the present invention also includes a control oil circuit and two second reversing valves, and the first hydraulic control valve connected to the same hydraulic cylinder block The control ends of the one-way valve and the second hydraulically controlled one-way valve are connected to the outlet of the same second reversing valve, and the two second reversing valves are respectively connected to the control oil circuit.
作为本发明的一种优选,所述第二换向阀为二位二通换向阀。As a preference of the present invention, the second reversing valve is a two-position, two-way reversing valve.
作为本发明的一种优选,每个所述燃烧腔在与所述动力活塞相对的侧壁上都设置有进气门、排气门以及喷油器。As a preference of the present invention, each of the combustion chambers is provided with an intake valve, an exhaust valve and an injector on the side wall opposite to the power piston.
采用上述技术方案,本发明具有以下有益效果:By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机的每个液压缸体均通过活塞杆与相应的内燃缸体串联在一起,并通过随动杆将两个活塞杆刚性连接起来,这样当其中一个内燃缸体的燃烧腔在进行压缩、膨胀冲程时,与该内燃缸体相对应的液压缸体的泵腔进行吸油、泵油过程,同时该液压缸体的压缩腔流入高压油;另一个内燃缸体的燃烧腔进行排气、吸气冲程,与该内燃缸体相对应的液压腔均与低压油路相连,这样安装在该内燃缸体的活塞杆基本处于不受力状态,仅在随动杆的带动下跟随另一活塞杆往复运动,完成排气、吸气过程,整个过程活塞组件不受扭转力矩作用,既能对燃烧腔的废气进行有效的清除,又避免了活塞组件由于受力不均而产生扭转力矩,进而影响活塞组件的平稳运行,可以提高发动机的运行速度和输出功率。Each hydraulic cylinder of the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of the present invention is connected in series with the corresponding internal combustion cylinder through a piston rod, and the two piston rods are rigidly connected by a follower rod, so that when one of the internal combustion When the combustion chamber of the cylinder block is undergoing compression and expansion strokes, the pump chamber of the hydraulic cylinder block corresponding to the internal combustion cylinder block performs oil suction and pumping process, and at the same time, the compression chamber of the hydraulic cylinder block flows into high-pressure oil; the other internal combustion cylinder block The combustion chamber of the internal combustion body carries out exhaust and suction strokes, and the hydraulic chamber corresponding to the internal combustion cylinder is connected with the low-pressure oil circuit, so that the piston rod installed in the internal combustion cylinder is basically in a state of no force, and only in the following Driven by the rod, it follows the reciprocating motion of the other piston rod to complete the process of exhaust and air intake. The piston assembly is not affected by the torsional moment during the whole process, which can not only effectively remove the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber, but also avoid the piston assembly due to stress. The torsional moment is generated due to unevenness, which affects the smooth operation of the piston assembly, and can improve the operating speed and output power of the engine.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机的结构连接示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural connection schematic diagram of two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of the present invention;
图2为本发明中内燃缸体的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of internal combustion cylinder block among the present invention;
图3为本发明活塞组件的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the piston assembly of the present invention.
图中标示对应如下:The markings in the figure correspond to the following:
1-液压缸体; 2-内燃缸体;1-hydraulic cylinder; 2-internal combustion cylinder;
3-活塞组件; 4-第一内腔;3-piston assembly; 4-first inner chamber;
5-第二内腔; 6-燃烧腔;5-second inner chamber; 6-combustion chamber;
7-活塞杆; 8-随动杆;7-piston rod; 8-follower rod;
9-动力活塞; 10-进气门;9-power piston; 10-intake valve;
11-排气门; 12-喷油器;11-Exhaust valve; 12-Injector;
13-液压活塞; 14-压缩活塞;13-hydraulic piston; 14-compression piston;
15-平衡腔; 16-泵腔;15-balance chamber; 16-pump chamber;
17-压缩腔; 18-压缩蓄能器;17-compression cavity; 18-compression accumulator;
19-频率控制阀; 20-选择换向阀;19-frequency control valve; 20-choice reversing valve;
21-供油蓄能器; 22-第一液控单向阀;21- oil supply accumulator; 22- the first hydraulic control check valve;
23-第二液控单向阀; 24-负载蓄能器;23-the second hydraulic control check valve; 24-load accumulator;
25-泵油单向阀; 26-第一换向阀;25-Pump oil one-way valve; 26-First reversing valve;
27-控制油路; 28-第二换向阀。27-control oil circuit; 28-second reversing valve.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示,本实施例提供的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机,包括液压缸体1、内燃缸体2以及活塞组件3,液压缸体1和内燃缸体2各有两个,每个液压缸体1分别与一个内燃缸体2相对应,且两个液压缸体1和两个内燃缸体2分别并列放置,在本实施例中,两个液压缸体1之间相互平齐放置,两个内燃缸体2之间也相互平齐放置,相对应的液压缸体1和内燃缸体2排列在同一直线上,液压缸体1和内燃缸体2的相对位置是固定的,本领域的技术人员可以采用常规的方式将液压缸体1和内燃缸体2固定连接在一起,这并非本发明的重点,此处不再详述。As shown in Figure 1, the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine provided by this embodiment includes a hydraulic cylinder block 1, an internal combustion cylinder block 2 and a piston assembly 3, and there are two hydraulic cylinder blocks 1 and two internal combustion cylinder blocks 2, each Two hydraulic cylinder blocks 1 correspond to one internal combustion cylinder block 2 respectively, and two hydraulic cylinder blocks 1 and two internal combustion cylinder blocks 2 are placed side by side respectively. In this embodiment, the two hydraulic cylinder blocks 1 are flush with each other placed, the two internal combustion cylinders 2 are placed flush with each other, the corresponding hydraulic cylinders 1 and internal combustion cylinders 2 are arranged on the same straight line, and the relative positions of the hydraulic cylinders 1 and internal combustion cylinders 2 are fixed. Those skilled in the art can use conventional methods to fixedly connect the hydraulic cylinder block 1 and the internal combustion cylinder block 2 together, which is not the focus of the present invention and will not be described in detail here.
如图2所示,液压缸体1具有相互连通的第一内腔4和第二内腔5,第一内腔4和第二内腔5的截面最好为圆形,且第二内腔5的直径最好小于第一内腔4的直径;如图1所示,内燃缸体2具有燃烧腔6;如图3所示,活塞组件3包括两个平行设置且端面平齐的活塞杆7以及用于固定连接两个活塞杆7的随动杆8,两个活塞杆7和随动杆8连接后呈“H”形。As shown in Figure 2, the hydraulic cylinder block 1 has a first inner cavity 4 and a second inner cavity 5 that communicate with each other, the cross section of the first inner cavity 4 and the second inner cavity 5 is preferably circular, and the second inner cavity The diameter of 5 is preferably smaller than the diameter of first inner cavity 4; As shown in Figure 1, internal combustion cylinder block 2 has combustion chamber 6; As shown in Figure 3, piston assembly 3 comprises two piston rods that are arranged in parallel and have flush ends 7 and a follower rod 8 for fixedly connecting the two piston rods 7, the two piston rods 7 and the follower rod 8 are connected in an "H" shape.
如图1和图3所示,同一个活塞杆7的两端分别安装在液压缸体1和与该液压缸体1相对应的内燃缸体2内,且每个活塞杆7的一端设置有与燃烧腔6配合的动力活塞9,同时每个燃烧腔6在与动力活塞9相对的侧壁上都设置有进气门10、排气门11以及喷油器12,进气门10、排气门11以及喷油器12都是发动机上常规气孔或零部件,将进气门10、排气门11以及喷油器12设置在动力活塞相对的侧壁上可以实现直流扫气,提高内燃机的扫气效率;活塞杆7的另一端设置有分别与第一内腔4和第二内腔5配合的液压活塞13和压缩活塞14,液压活塞13将第一内腔4分隔为平衡腔15和泵腔16,压缩活塞14占据第二内腔5部分空间并将第二内腔5分隔形成压缩腔17。As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the two ends of the same piston rod 7 are respectively installed in the hydraulic cylinder block 1 and the internal combustion cylinder block 2 corresponding to the hydraulic cylinder block 1, and one end of each piston rod 7 is provided with The power piston 9 that cooperates with the combustion chamber 6, and each combustion chamber 6 is provided with an intake valve 10, an exhaust valve 11 and a fuel injector 12 on the side wall opposite to the power piston 9. Valve 11 and fuel injector 12 are all conventional air holes or parts on the engine, and intake valve 10, exhaust valve 11 and fuel injector 12 are arranged on the side walls opposite to the power piston to realize direct-flow scavenging and improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. scavenging efficiency; the other end of the piston rod 7 is provided with a hydraulic piston 13 and a compression piston 14 that cooperate with the first inner chamber 4 and the second inner chamber 5 respectively, and the hydraulic piston 13 divides the first inner chamber 4 into a balance chamber 15 and the pump chamber 16 , the compression piston 14 occupies a part of the space of the second inner chamber 5 and separates the second inner chamber 5 to form a compression chamber 17 .
本实施例中两个液压缸体1的压缩腔17、泵腔16和平衡腔15可以按照常规的连接方式组成两套独立的液压系统,但这样形成的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机体积较大,使用不够方便,本实施例提供了一种新型的液压系统连接方式,使得两个液压缸体1可以与同一个压缩蓄能器、负载蓄能器和/或供油蓄能器连接,有效减小两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机的体积。In this embodiment, the compression chamber 17, the pump chamber 16 and the balance chamber 15 of the two hydraulic cylinder blocks 1 can form two sets of independent hydraulic systems according to the conventional connection mode, but the volume of the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine formed in this way is relatively small. Large, not convenient to use, this embodiment provides a new type of hydraulic system connection, so that two hydraulic cylinders 1 can be connected with the same compression accumulator, load accumulator and/or oil supply accumulator, Effectively reduce the volume of the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine.
如图1所示,本实施例的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机还包括压缩蓄能器18、频率控制阀19以及选择换向阀20,当然,本实施例的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机还需要有控制系统,在本实施例中控制系统采用现有自由活塞发动机采用的控制系统,其频率控制阀19、选择换向阀20等元件及下文提及的各控制元件的连接方式都是常规的连接方式,此处及下文都不再详述。As shown in Figure 1, the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of the present embodiment also includes a compression accumulator 18, a frequency control valve 19 and a selector valve 20, of course, the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of the present embodiment The engine also needs a control system. In this embodiment, the control system adopts the control system adopted by the existing free-piston engine. It is a conventional connection method, and will not be described in detail here or below.
频率控制阀19和选择换向阀20可以是常规的频率控制阀和选择换向阀。压缩蓄能器18与频率控制阀19的入口连接,频率控制阀的19出口与选择换向阀20的入口连接,选择换向阀20具有两个出口,分别与两个液压缸体1上的压缩腔17连接。这样两个液压缸体1可以共用一个压缩蓄能器18。The frequency control valve 19 and the selector valve 20 may be conventional frequency control valves and selector valves. The compression accumulator 18 is connected to the inlet of the frequency control valve 19, and the outlet 19 of the frequency control valve is connected to the inlet of the selection reversing valve 20. The selection reversing valve 20 has two outlets, respectively connected to The compression chamber 17 is connected. In this way, two hydraulic cylinder blocks 1 can share one compression accumulator 18 .
本实施例的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机还包括供油蓄能器21、第一液控单向阀22以及第二液控单向阀23,第一液控单向阀22和第二液控单向阀23都是常规的液控单向阀,都具有一个入口、一个出口以及一个控制端,当未向控制端提供压力油时,该液控单向阀正常工作,当向控制端提供压力油时,流经液控单向阀的油液可以反向流动。The two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of the present embodiment also includes an oil supply accumulator 21, a first hydraulic control check valve 22 and a second hydraulic control check valve 23, the first hydraulic control check valve 22 and the second hydraulic control check valve The hydraulically controlled check valve 23 is a conventional hydraulically controlled check valve, which has an inlet, an outlet and a control terminal. When no pressure oil is supplied to the control terminal, the hydraulically controlled check valve works normally. When pressure oil is provided at the end, the oil flowing through the hydraulic control check valve can flow in reverse.
每个液压缸体1上的压缩腔17都与一个第一液控单向阀22的出口连接,即第一液控单向阀22有两个;每个液压缸体1上的泵腔16都与一个第二液控单向阀23的出口连接,即第二液控单向阀也有两个;各个第一液控单向阀22和第二液控单向阀23的入口都与所述供油蓄能器21连接,供油蓄能器21同时与负载连接。这样两个液压缸体1可以共用一个供油蓄能器21。The compression chamber 17 on each hydraulic cylinder block 1 is all connected with the outlet of a first hydraulic control check valve 22, that is, there are two first hydraulic control check valves 22; the pump chamber 16 on each hydraulic cylinder block 1 All are connected with the outlet of a second hydraulically controlled one-way valve 23, namely the second hydraulically controlled one-way valve also has two; The oil supply accumulator 21 is connected, and the oil supply accumulator 21 is connected with the load at the same time. In this way, two hydraulic cylinder blocks 1 can share one oil supply accumulator 21 .
为了更为高效的对第一液控单向阀和第二液控单向阀进行控制,本实施例中还设置有控制油路27和两个第二换向阀28,第二换向阀28优选为二位二通换向阀。连接在同一个液压缸体1上的第一液控单向阀22和第二液控单向阀23的控制端与同一个第二换向阀28的出口连接,两个第二换向阀28分别与控制油路27连接。In order to control the first hydraulic control check valve and the second hydraulic control check valve more efficiently, a control oil circuit 27 and two second reversing valves 28 are also provided in this embodiment, and the second reversing valve 28 is preferably a two-position two-way reversing valve. The control ends of the first hydraulic control check valve 22 and the second hydraulic control check valve 23 connected to the same hydraulic cylinder block 1 are connected with the outlet of the same second reversing valve 28, and the two second reversing valves 28 are respectively connected with the control oil circuit 27.
本实施例的两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机还包括负载蓄能器24、泵油单向阀25以及第一换向阀26,第一换向阀26优选为二位三通换向阀。每个液压缸体1上的泵腔16都与一个泵油单向阀25的入口连接,即泵油单向阀25有两个;每个液压缸体1上的平衡腔15都与一个第一换向阀26的入口连接,即第一换向阀26也有两个;各个泵油单向阀25的出口和第一换向阀26的出口都与负载蓄能器24连接,负载蓄能器24同时与负载连接,即负载连接在负载蓄能器24和供油蓄能器21之间,且负载还可以通过负载蓄能器24与泵腔16之间的连接管道与泵腔16连接,此外,第一换向阀26有一个出口与油箱连接。这样,两个液压缸体1可以共用一个负载蓄能器24。The two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of this embodiment also includes a load accumulator 24, an oil pump check valve 25 and a first reversing valve 26, and the first reversing valve 26 is preferably a two-position three-way reversing valve. The pump cavity 16 on each hydraulic cylinder block 1 is all connected with the inlet of a pump oil check valve 25, that is, there are two pump oil check valves 25; The inlet of a reversing valve 26 is connected, that is, the first reversing valve 26 also has two; the outlets of each pump oil check valve 25 and the outlet of the first reversing valve 26 are all connected with the load accumulator 24, and the load accumulator The device 24 is connected with the load at the same time, that is, the load is connected between the load accumulator 24 and the oil supply accumulator 21, and the load can also be connected to the pump chamber 16 through the connecting pipe between the load accumulator 24 and the pump chamber 16 , In addition, the first reversing valve 26 has an outlet connected to the oil tank. In this way, two hydraulic cylinder blocks 1 can share one load accumulator 24 .
下面根据本实施例两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机的不同工作阶段对本实施例两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机的使用做进一步说明。The use of the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of this embodiment will be further described below according to the different working stages of the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine of this embodiment.
(1)压缩冲程阶段:(1) Compression stroke stage:
首先往供油蓄能器21、负载蓄能器24和压缩蓄能器18注油,使得供油蓄能器21、负载蓄能器24和压缩蓄能器18都达到工作所要求的压力,该压力可以根据实际需要预先设置,同时,活塞组件3必须往压缩腔17方向移动至极限位置,并以该位置为活塞组件3的下止点位置,同样的,当活塞组件3往燃烧腔6方向移动至极限位置时,该位置为活塞组件3的上止点位置。First, fill the oil supply accumulator 21, the load accumulator 24 and the compression accumulator 18 with oil, so that the oil supply accumulator 21, the load accumulator 24 and the compression accumulator 18 all reach the pressure required for work. The pressure can be preset according to actual needs. At the same time, the piston assembly 3 must move to the limit position in the direction of the compression chamber 17, and this position is used as the bottom dead center position of the piston assembly 3. Similarly, when the piston assembly 3 moves to the direction of the combustion chamber 6 When moving to the limit position, this position is the top dead center position of the piston assembly 3 .
假设其中一个内燃缸体2的燃烧腔6处于压缩、膨胀工作状态,为了表述方便,下文将该内燃缸体2及其相对应的液压缸体1称为第一组系统;另一个内燃缸体2的燃烧腔6处于排气、吸气工作状态,为了表述方便,下文将该内燃缸体2及其相对应的液压缸体1称为第二组系统。Assuming that the combustion chamber 6 of one of the internal combustion cylinders 2 is in the working state of compression and expansion, for the convenience of expression, the internal combustion cylinder 2 and its corresponding hydraulic cylinder 1 are referred to as the first group system hereinafter; the other internal combustion cylinder The combustion chamber 6 of 2 is in the working state of exhaust and air intake. For the convenience of expression, the internal combustion cylinder 2 and its corresponding hydraulic cylinder 1 are referred to as the second group system hereinafter.
此时第一组系统的燃烧腔6上的排气门11和进气门10都处于关闭状态,而第二组系统的燃烧腔6上的排气门11处于打开状态,进气门10处于关闭状态。当两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机开始工作时,控制系统发出控制信号,使频率控制阀19和与第二组系统连接的第一换向阀26通电,而与第二组系统连接的第二换向阀28、选择换向阀20、与第一组系统连接的第一换向阀26和与第一组系统连接的第二换向阀28不通电,这样,压缩蓄能器18通过频率控制阀19和选择换向阀20与第一组系统的压缩腔17连通,压缩蓄能器18中的液压油经过频率控制阀19和选择换向阀20进入第一组系统的压缩腔17中,推动活塞组件3向上止点位置运动。At this time, the exhaust valve 11 and the intake valve 10 on the combustion chamber 6 of the first group system are in a closed state, while the exhaust valve 11 on the combustion chamber 6 of the second group system is in an open state, and the intake valve 10 is in an open state. Disabled. When the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine starts to work, the control system sends a control signal to energize the frequency control valve 19 and the first reversing valve 26 connected to the second group system, and the second valve connected to the second group system The reversing valve 28, the selector reversing valve 20, the first reversing valve 26 connected to the first group of systems and the second reversing valve 28 connected to the first group of systems are not energized, so that the compression accumulator 18 passes through the frequency The control valve 19 and the selector valve 20 communicate with the compression chamber 17 of the first group system, and the hydraulic oil in the compressed accumulator 18 enters the compression chamber 17 of the first group system through the frequency control valve 19 and the selector valve 20 , to push the piston assembly 3 to move to the upper dead center position.
由于活塞组件3向上止点运动,两个泵腔16内的压力都会减小,因此两个泵腔16都会通过与之连接第二液控单向阀23从供油蓄能器21中汲取液压油,第一组系统的压缩腔17通过与之连接的第一液控单向阀22从供油蓄能器21中汲取液压油,第一组系统的平衡腔15中的液压油经过相应的第一换向阀26进入负载蓄能器24和负载中,而第二组系统的平衡腔15中的液压油在活塞组件3的作用下经过相应的第一换向阀26流回油箱。As the piston assembly 3 moves upwards, the pressure in the two pump chambers 16 will decrease, so the two pump chambers 16 will draw hydraulic pressure from the oil supply accumulator 21 through the second hydraulic control check valve 23 connected thereto. Oil, the compression chamber 17 of the first group system draws hydraulic oil from the oil supply accumulator 21 through the first hydraulic control check valve 22 connected thereto, and the hydraulic oil in the balance chamber 15 of the first group system passes through the corresponding The first reversing valve 26 enters the load accumulator 24 and the load, while the hydraulic oil in the balance chamber 15 of the second group system flows back to the oil tank through the corresponding first reversing valve 26 under the action of the piston assembly 3 .
在这个过程中,第一组系统的燃烧腔6内的新鲜空气被压缩,第二组系统的燃烧腔6内的废气通过相应的排气门11排出。此时与第一组系统配合的活塞杆7设置有压缩活塞14的一端受到压缩腔12中高压油的作用,另一端受到燃烧腔6中压缩气体的作用;而与第二组系统配合的活塞杆7两端所受到的液压力和气体阻力都相对较小,主要通过活塞随动杆8带动进行运动。当活塞组件3运动到上止点位置附近时,压缩冲程结束。During this process, the fresh air in the combustion chamber 6 of the first group system is compressed, and the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 6 of the second group system is discharged through the corresponding exhaust valve 11 . At this time, one end of the piston rod 7 that is matched with the first group of systems is provided with a compression piston 14 and is subjected to the action of the high-pressure oil in the compression chamber 12, and the other end is subjected to the action of the compressed gas in the combustion chamber 6; The hydraulic pressure and gas resistance at both ends of the rod 7 are relatively small, and the movement is mainly driven by the piston follower rod 8 . When the piston assembly 3 moves to near the top dead center position, the compression stroke ends.
(2)膨胀冲程阶段:(2) Expansion stroke stage:
当活塞组件3运动到上止点位置附近时,安装在第一组系统上的喷油器12向相应的燃烧腔6内喷入适量燃油,喷人的燃油数量可以根据实际需要确定。燃油燃烧释放的热量推动活塞组件3向下止点运动。此时安装在第一组系统燃烧腔6的进气门10和排气门11仍然处于关闭状态,安装在第二组系统燃烧腔6的进气门10处于打开状态,排气门处于关闭状态。When the piston assembly 3 moves to the vicinity of the top dead center, the fuel injector 12 installed on the first group system injects an appropriate amount of fuel into the corresponding combustion chamber 6, and the amount of fuel injected can be determined according to actual needs. The heat released by fuel combustion pushes the piston assembly 3 to move to the bottom dead center. At this time, the intake valve 10 and exhaust valve 11 installed in the combustion chamber 6 of the first group system are still in the closed state, the intake valve 10 installed in the combustion chamber 6 of the second group system is in the open state, and the exhaust valve is in the closed state .
第一组系统的压缩腔17内的液压油通过选择换向阀20进入频率控制阀19回到压缩蓄能器18中;第一组系统的泵腔16内的液压油经过相应的泵油单向阀25流入到负载蓄能器24和负载中,其中一部分流入第一组系统的平衡腔15中进行补油;同时控制系统发出控制信号使与第二组系统连接的第二换向阀28通电,将相应的第一液控单向阀22和第二液控单向阀23与控制油路27连通,控制油路27的压力油经过该第二换向阀28进入第一液控单向阀22和第二液控单向阀23的控制端,使得这两个单向阀可以反向导通,这样第二组系统的压缩腔17和泵腔16内的液压油经相应的液控单向阀流回到供油蓄能器21中,第二组系统的平衡腔15则通过相应的第一换向阀26从油箱中吸油。The hydraulic oil in the compression chamber 17 of the first group system enters the frequency control valve 19 through the selector valve 20 and returns to the compression accumulator 18; the hydraulic oil in the pump chamber 16 of the first group system passes through the corresponding pump oil unit The valve 25 flows into the load accumulator 24 and the load, and part of it flows into the balance chamber 15 of the first group of systems for supplementary oil; at the same time, the control system sends a control signal to make the second reversing valve 28 connected to the second group of systems Power on, connect the corresponding first hydraulic control check valve 22 and second hydraulic control check valve 23 with the control oil circuit 27, and the pressure oil in the control oil circuit 27 enters the first hydraulic control unit through the second reversing valve 28. The control ends of the valve 22 and the second hydraulically controlled one-way valve 23, so that the two one-way valves can be reversed, so that the hydraulic oil in the compression chamber 17 and pump chamber 16 of the second group of systems is controlled by the corresponding hydraulic control. The one-way valve flows back into the oil supply accumulator 21 , and the balance chamber 15 of the second group of systems sucks oil from the oil tank through the corresponding first reversing valve 26 .
此时第一组系统的燃烧腔6内由于燃料燃烧而产生的较高压力作用在相应的活塞杆7设置有动力活塞9的一端,该活塞杆7的另一端承受泵腔16和压缩腔17内的高压油的作用力;而另一个活塞杆7的两端承受的气体压力和液压力仍然相对较小,仍然通过随动杆8带动完成膨胀冲程。At this time, the higher pressure generated by fuel combustion in the combustion chamber 6 of the first group of systems acts on the end of the corresponding piston rod 7 provided with the power piston 9, and the other end of the piston rod 7 bears the pump chamber 16 and the compression chamber 17. The force of the high-pressure oil inside; while the gas pressure and hydraulic pressure on the two ends of the other piston rod 7 are still relatively small, and the expansion stroke is still driven by the follower rod 8 .
当活塞组件3回到下止点位置后,液压自由活塞发动机完成一个工作循环,此时频率控制阀19断电,压缩蓄能器18不对外输出压力油,活塞组件3在下止点位置停留。When the piston assembly 3 returns to the bottom dead center position, the hydraulic free piston engine completes a working cycle. At this time, the frequency control valve 19 is powered off, the compression accumulator 18 does not output pressure oil, and the piston assembly 3 stays at the bottom dead center position.
(3)第二个工作循环:(3) The second working cycle:
第二个工作循环的基本工作过程与第一个工作循环基本类似,只是相应的工作腔和控制阀的工作状态发生变化,此处不再详述。The basic working process of the second working cycle is basically similar to that of the first working cycle, except that the working state of the corresponding working chamber and control valve changes, which will not be described in detail here.
当第二个工作循环完成后,两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机完成了一个完整的工作循环,在此过程中,各个工作腔内的压力情况如下表所示:When the second working cycle is completed, the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine completes a complete working cycle. During this process, the pressure in each working chamber is shown in the following table:
本实施例两缸四冲程液压自由活塞发动机的活塞组件3的受力主要集中在两根活塞杆7的轴向上,几乎没有与活塞杆7的轴向垂直的侧向力,因此不会产生扭转力矩,活塞组件3运转平稳,不会出现卡死等现象,可以有效提高活塞组件3的运动平稳性和输出效率。The force of the piston assembly 3 of the two-cylinder four-stroke hydraulic free-piston engine in this embodiment is mainly concentrated on the axial direction of the two piston rods 7, and there is almost no lateral force perpendicular to the axial direction of the piston rods 7, so no Torsion torque, the piston assembly 3 operates stably without jamming, etc., which can effectively improve the motion stability and output efficiency of the piston assembly 3 .
上面结合附图对本发明做了详细的说明,但是本发明的实施方式并不仅限于上述实施方式,本领域技术人员根据现有技术可以对本发明做出各种变形,如在本实施例的基础上增加液压缸体1和与液压缸体1相对应的内燃缸体2的数量等,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention has been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications to the present invention according to the prior art, such as on the basis of this embodiment Increasing the number of the hydraulic cylinder block 1 and the internal combustion cylinder block 2 corresponding to the hydraulic cylinder block 1, etc., all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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CN113153867A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-07-23 | 重庆科技学院 | Free piston expansion type hydraulic power output system with counterweight mechanism |
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FR1601540A (en) * | 1968-12-27 | 1970-08-24 | ||
CH536936A (en) * | 1971-04-26 | 1973-05-15 | Sulzer Ag | Piston internal combustion engine with hydrostatic drive |
FR2456231A1 (en) * | 1979-05-07 | 1980-12-05 | Benaroya Henry | IMPROVEMENTS TO TANDEM OPPOSITE FREE PISTON MACHINES COMPRISING SEVERAL COMPRESSOR ELEMENTS |
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US6135069A (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2000-10-24 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method for operation of a free piston engine |
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