CN104326471A - 一种甘草废渣制备活性炭的方法 - Google Patents
一种甘草废渣制备活性炭的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104326471A CN104326471A CN201410556178.4A CN201410556178A CN104326471A CN 104326471 A CN104326471 A CN 104326471A CN 201410556178 A CN201410556178 A CN 201410556178A CN 104326471 A CN104326471 A CN 104326471A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- activation
- active carbon
- phosphoric acid
- potassium hydroxide
- licorice
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 235000001453 Glycyrrhiza echinata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000006200 Glycyrrhiza glabra Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000017382 Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229940010454 Licorice Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000014063 licorice root Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 240000004670 Glycyrrhiza echinata Species 0.000 title 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 241000202807 Glycyrrhiza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound 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[K+].OP(O)(O)=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Chemical compound 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OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003252 repetitive Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
一种甘草废渣制备活性炭的方法，本发明属于活性炭制备领域。该方法以甘草废渣为原料，采用化学活化法选择适宜的工艺条件制备活性炭，通过调配活化剂种类、活化剂浓度、固液比、活化时间以及活化温度等因素对活性炭的得率和吸附性能的影响，确定制备活性炭适宜的工艺条件制备出活性炭。其工序为：甘草废渣处理—氢氧化钾活化或磷酸活化—成品。本发明采用氢氧化钾或磷酸活化法制备活性炭可以使中药渣由低附加值转化为高附加值，减少坏境污染，拓宽活性炭生产的原料来源，为中药渣的资源化利用开辟了新途径。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于活性炭制备领域，特别涉及利用甘草废渣制备活性炭的方法。
背景技术
[0002] 活性炭是由含碳物质制成的外观呈黑色、具有发达孔隙结构和巨大比表面积(一般为500~1500m2/g)的一类含石墨微晶结构的多孔性吸附材料，此类吸附剂具有较强的吸附能力和较高的机械强度，化学性质稳定，耐酸、耐碱、耐热，与水和有机溶剂不相溶，且容易再生。传统的活性炭受原料来源、成本等因素的影响而限制了它的发展。近年来，许多研究者都在努力寻求一种来源广泛、经济廉价的原料来制备活性炭，较为常见的是以农林废弃物为原料制备高性能活性炭，而利用废弃药渣制备活性炭的研究却很少见。
[0003] 作为中医的发源地，中草药在中国的应用十分广泛,在中草药和中成药的生产加工过程中将产生大量的废弃物——中药药渣。据统计，中国仅植物类药渣年排放量就高达65万多吨，这些中药渣如果不进行及时处理，任由其露天堆放或随意丢弃，就会对周围环境造成严重污染。因此，研究开发出能将中药渣资源化利用，同时又不对环境造成危害的新技术是目前医药化学和环境科学领域的一个重要课题。
[0004]中药渣分布广泛、资源丰富，含有纤维、蛋白、淀粉等丰富的有机成分，含碳量较高，因而用其作为活性炭的原料符合活性炭制备的客观条件，进而对我国中药渣资源的综合利用和环境保护具有重要意义。到目前，还没有发现以甘草废渣为原料来制备活性炭。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明的目的是针对现有制备活性炭没有利用中药废渣存在的问题，提供一种以甘草废渣为原料，采用化学活化法将其制备成活性炭，减少坏境污染，拓宽活性炭生产的原料来源，为中药渣的资源化利用开辟新途径。
[0006] 本发明的技术方案是为:以甘草废渣为原料，采用化学活化法选择适宜的工艺条件制备活性炭，通过调配活化剂种类、活化剂浓度、固液比、活化时间以及活化温度等因素对活性炭的得率和吸附性能的影响，确定制备活性炭适宜的工艺条件制备出活性炭。该方法的工序为:甘草废渣处理一氢氧化钾活化或磷酸活化一成品。
[0007] 具体工序为:1、甘草废渣处理:将甘草废渣原料洗净、烘干、粉碎，过40目筛，备用。2、氢氧化钾活化:(I)以甘草废渣与氢氧化钾溶液固液比1:10，充分搅拌混匀，于室温下浸溃24h ; (2)将浸溃好的料液放入马弗炉中，从室温以10°C /min的升温速率升至700°C的活化温度，然后恒温活化60min ; (3)将活化好的样品从马弗炉中取出，冷却后，用0.lmol/L的盐酸(HCl)溶液酸洗，浸泡30min后，用双蒸水反复洗涤，直至pH值在中性范围；(4)将洗涤好的样品放入110°C电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥12h，在干燥器中冷却后，称产品的重量；留待备用。3、磷酸活化:(1)以甘草废渣与磷酸溶液1:12，，充分搅拌混匀，于90°C水浴下浸溃24h ; (2)将浸溃好的料液放入马弗炉中，从室温以10°C /min的升温速率升至500°C的活化温度，然后恒温活化90min; (3)将活化好的样品从马弗炉中取出，冷却后，用双蒸水反复洗涤，除去多余的磷酸，直至pH值在中性范围；
(4)将洗涤好的样品放入110°C电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥12h，在干燥器中冷却后，称产品的重量；留待备用。
[0008] 本发明具有如下显著效果:
以中药渣为原料，采用氢氧化钾和磷酸活化法制备活性炭可以使中药渣由低附加值转化为高附加值，减少坏境污染，拓宽活性炭生产的原料来源，为中药渣的资源化利用开辟了新途径。将所得产品用于环境污染的治理，可实现一定的处理效果。因此，利用中药渣制备活性炭具有较好的社会、经济和环境效益。
具体实施方式
[0009] 以甘草废渣为原料，单因素实验为基础，分别采用碱金属氢氧化物活化法、磷酸活化法制备活性炭，考察了活化剂的浓度(氢氧化钾:30%、50%、70%、80%及饱和溶液；磷酸:30%、50%、70%及80%溶液)，原材料与活化剂的配比(1: 3、1: 5、1: 8、1:10及1:12)，活化温度(氢氧化钾:400、600、700、800 及 900°C ;磷酸:200、300、500、700°C )和活化时间(15、30、45、60及90min)等因素对活性炭的影响，最终确立了制备活性炭最佳的工艺方法和工艺条件。本发明的具体实施方式如下:
实施例一:氢氧化钾活化制备活性炭。
[0010] (I)称取1g粉碎好的甘草废渣原料，加入10ml饱和氢氧化钾溶液，充分搅拌混匀，于室温下浸溃24h ；
(2)将浸溃好的料液放入马弗炉中，从室温以10°C /min的升温速率升至700°C的活化温度，然后恒温活化60min ；
(3)将活化好的样品从马弗炉中取出，冷却后，用0.lmol/L的HCl溶液酸洗，浸泡30min后，用双蒸水反复洗涤，直至PH值在中性范围；
(4)将洗涤好的样品放入110°C电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥12h，在干燥器中冷却后，称产品的重量；留待备用。
[0011] 实施例二:磷酸活化制备活性炭。
[0012] (I)称取1g粉碎好的甘草废渣原料，加入120mL70%的磷酸溶液，充分搅拌混匀，于90°C水浴下浸溃24h ；
(2)将浸溃好的料液放入马弗炉中，从室温以10°C /min的升温速率升至500°C的活化温度，然后恒温活化90min ；
(3)将活化好的样品从马弗炉中取出，冷却后，用双蒸水反复洗涤，除去多余的磷酸，直至PH值在中性范围；
(4)将洗涤好的样品放入110°C电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥12h，在干燥器中冷却后，称产品的重量；留待备用。
Claims (5)
1.一种甘草废渣制备活性炭的方法，其特征在于:该制备方法的工序为:甘草废渣处理一氢氧化钾活化或磷酸活化一成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于甘草废渣处理是将甘草废渣原料洗净、烘干、粉碎，过40目筛，备用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于氢氧化钾活化工序为:(1)以甘草废渣与氢氧化钾溶液固液比1:10，充分搅拌混匀，于室温下浸溃24h ;(2)将浸溃好的料液放入马弗炉中，从室温以10°C /min的升温速率升至700°C的活化温度，然后恒温活化60min ;(3)将活化好的样品从马弗炉中取出，冷却后，用0.lmol/L的盐酸(HC1)溶液酸洗，浸泡30min后，用双蒸水反复洗涤，直至pH值在中性范围；(4)将洗涤好的样品放入110°C电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥12h，在干燥器中冷却后，称产品重量，备用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于磷酸活化工序为:(1)以甘草废渣与磷酸溶液1:12，，充分搅拌混匀，于90°C水浴下浸溃24h ; (2)将浸溃好的料液放入马弗炉中，从室温以10°C /min的升温速率升至500°C的活化温度，然后恒温活化90min ；(3)将活化好的样品从马弗炉中取出，冷却后，用双蒸水反复洗涤，除去多余的磷酸，直至pH值在中性范围；(4)将洗涤好的样品放入110°C电热鼓风干燥箱中，干燥12h，在干燥器中冷却后，称产品的重量；留待备用。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于氢氧化钾溶液的浓度为100%的饱和溶液；磷酸溶液的浓度为70%。
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| CN110467181A (zh) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-19 | 石河子大学 | 一种甘草药渣基分级多孔炭及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN113479876A (zh) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-10-08 | 河南中医药大学 | 一种颠茄草药渣多孔碳及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN113735115A (zh) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-03 | 山东格瑞德活性炭有限公司 | 一种用于处理voc废气的改性活性炭及其制备方法 |
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