CN104321488A

CN104321488A - Structures for offshore installations

Info

Publication number: CN104321488A
Application number: CN201380027271.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: M·布莱斯蒂
Original assignee: OWLC HOLDINGS Ltd
Current assignee: OWLC HOLDINGS Ltd
Priority date: 2012-03-24
Filing date: 2013-03-12
Publication date: 2015-01-28
Anticipated expiration: 2033-03-12
Also published as: US20150056020A1; CN104321488B; US9771700B2; CA2867927C; IN2014DN08723A; DK2828435T3; EP2828435B1; WO2013144558A1; US20180030680A1; KR20140144220A; CA2867927A1; EP2828435A1

Abstract

A structure (1) for mounting offshore installations (2) such as wind turbines or oil and gas platforms. The structure (1) comprises: a base (4). a top piece (8), and a lattice (6) structure connecting the base (4) to the top piece (8). The sub-components of the structure (1) can be pre-assembled prior to installation to facilitate ease of construction, or they may be transported to a pre-determined location and assembled on site.

Description

For the structure of Offshore Units

Technical field

The present invention relates to the structure for installing Offshore Units, and especially, relate to and can be built the structure of mounting wind machine thereon easily.

Background technology

Increasing marine wind electric field European waters built and the marine wind electric field of remarkable quantity in the world, other places are planned.Generally speaking, so far by the marine wind electric field built relatively near seashore or in shallow water area; But the depth of water that they are installed in is in increase.Although at present mounted afloat most of turbine has typically in the power output of the scope of 3-5MW, their size constantly to increase and larger turbine is developed all the time.Due to the trend of the larger turbine in the darker depth of water, the technical capability of the turbine foundation used so far proves limited.Such a pedestal is just becoming more greatly and heavier, can bear stood larger power.

So far main in the industry pedestal type is called as single pile.It is made up of the tubular sections of large diameter steel, and the tubular sections of described steel is driven piles in sea bed.Piling process is not only very long but also noisy, and causes the remarkable stress for structure, and described stress reduces the fatigue life of structure.In addition, environmental concerns about the noise sent during installation may both seasonally (due to the impact on environment acceptor, such as marine mammal and fish, comprise their ovum) again day/night, cyclically (impact due on human receptor) limited the chance of driving piles.

Along with the increase of both turbine size and the depth of water, cost and the technical difficulty relevant to their installation of single pile pedestal also increase.Although large-diameter pile solution has been suggested the larger turbine of adaptation and darker waters, the power of installing required for them has increased significantly, and noise and the stress caused also increase like this significantly.In addition, the power that structure is stood by wave, tide and ocean current also increases significantly.Along with hydrodynamic increase, the sedimental impact of washing away such as around structure also increases.All these problems increase the design requirement that pedestal increases cost in material, and the same limit that described material require meets with stresses is added to the stress of sea bed.

Apart from the above, the type being suitable for the sea bed of single pile is restricted.Some geological type, such as chalk rock, interact with the force and moment of answering being added to sea bed inadequately.Such as, when by pressure time (as during driving piles, maybe when being loaded the moment with unloaded circulation) chalk rock can pulverize and thus do not apply expect power in stake.Similarly, the structural capacity that other sea bed types are not expected carrys out supporting pile, or the design of stake needs to be modified the power added is reduced to suitable level, and this increases cost.

Although the minor structure and the pedestal type that are different from single pile are used, and these have been used in limited quantity up to now.The restriction of cost that the use of minor structure such as gravity base and jacket (jacket) has been subject to the depth of water, wave climate (wave climate) and has been associated with their processing.So far, other structural rate such as tripod and three have only been used in very limited quantity.

Gravity base has mainly been used in the Baltic Sea, and the relatively shallow and wave in waters of there is dynamically unlike in the North Sea and enlivens like that.(typically concrete) structure that they are large, described structure usually gathered materials (aggregate) fill increase quality.It is that described cost has relation with the material produced required for them, space and time because their processing cost that the restriction of gravity base uses.For the longer cycle of each pedestal of the essence owing to pouring into a mould significantly height concrete structure, also need large build area.In addition, the amount of the material related to, particularly when for the design of dark or active waters, increases cost and process time and increases the space requirement in the place be planned.

Because gravity base is the structure of so large quality, remarkable in the same manner as the problem that they are associated.Once install the size of submerged structure to cause significant hydrodynamic effect, washing away and power that structure stands of such as sea bed.Because hydrodynamic force is so significantly, the design of structure needs enough large to adapt to them, and this increases quality and cost.In addition, because structure is submergence, any quality be increased has the buoyancy be associated, this means applying power resist force at those power structural in not too effective, thus whole abilities of structure proper mass are not utilized and the size of population of structure needs to be increased to offset the effect of buoyancy, increase the power that structure stands conversely.The power stood due to structure is significant, and those power being added to sea bed are significant too, before installation gravity base, typically need sea bed process, to ensure horizontal plane and to strengthen sedimental load-bearing performance.Such sea bed process increases the cost of offshore operations, time and risk.

Jacket pedestal has been used in darker waters, although their cost has limited the quantity of facility.Jacket is the lattice frame structure being fixed to the steel of sea bed by the use of stake.Their cost is relevant to following: process space that they need, be used for the amount of welded construction institute's time spent and the amount of energy, the material of needs, and piling and install the cost of jacket.Because significant Tension and Compression power is passed to the lattice frame structure of jacket, the detailed project treatment of the top section of jacket and manufacture are the remarkable aspects contributing total infrastructure cost.The needs by the use of stake jacket being fixed to sea bed mean that the noise effect of installation remains the remarkable worry of industry.

For offshore wind turbine, some other structure typess have been used or have been suggested, and comprise, tripod, three and different float design.So far the tripod being used or propose, have and maybe will need significant manufacturing effort and piling, the two all raises cost.Three also need piling, and are complicated and costliness at the detailed project treatment of the top distribute stress of structure.The foundation design of floating is by prototype, but they need the significant depth of water, or required manufacture and material cost significantly.

But each oil gas field of oil and natural gas industry only needs several facilities, the relatively high cost of their this body structures can be absorbed in the resulting cost of business model.When sea wind, owing to needing a large amount of structures, partly these high costs stop the sector to become ripe and competitive technology at present just.By having such structure, to make sea wind have competitive advantage will be favourable, this structure is low cost, simple and promptly processed, assembled rapidly with the space requirement lower than current pedestal type, and the position of selection can be deployed to easily.If during installation process structure can with seldom or the mode not having noise to send be mounted, and if need limited or do not need sea bed process, this will be more favourable.If fruit structure is also relatively rigidity and can bear some and be applied to power on it, to enable type of turbine miscellaneous be mounted thereon, this will be very favorable.

Summary of the invention

The object of invention is to solve the problems referred to above by such structure (or gravitational base pedestal) that provides, and described structure has the high hydrodynamic force permeability of that restriction is added to structural power and intrinsic in structure buoyancy and low submergence volume.Design is exerted all one's strength and is minimized and control the frequency that to be applied in by structure in the operation phase on sea bed, and structure needs itself seldom or not need sea bed process thus.Structure is rigidity and can bears large-scale load working condition, thus enables it adapt to according to being flexibly in some mounting designs of the different qualities of installation site and sea bed type and design requirement.The design of structure is limited in the pulling force transmitted between sub-component, reduces project treatment and the manufacture demand of the joint portion in structure.Although structure can be structure that is single or one, structure will preferably utilize some sub-components (such as, base, lattice frame and overhead) with facility processing and assembling.

By providing base (formed with the structure penetrating earth's surface and contrast) with the form of submergence plate and it being combined to form structure with other sub-components, be summarized as follows:

The quality of structure can be held minimum, makes the direct force on sea bed minimize thus and expands the scope being suitable for the sea bed type that offshore structure is installed

The cross-sectional area of submergence can be reduced, and limits the power that hydrodynamic force causes and the generation of washing away thus

Piling can be avoided, the noise reducing set-up time, cost, risk thus and be associated

Sea bed process can be minimized, or is avoided completely in some cases

Can be repaired when installing other sub-components from the deviation of horizontal plane

Correspondingly, the invention provides the structure for installing Offshore Units (such as wind turbine), described structure comprises overhead (being sometimes mentioned as overhead (namely having the overhead of remarkable quality) or the gravity transition member of large quality below), base (or gravity plate) and overhead is connected to the dynamic changes process lattice frame (or jacket) of base.

In this manual, term such as " upwards (up) ", " upper (upper) ", " under (lower) ", " ... above (above) " and " ... below (below) " reference configuration its normal user to use.Such as, skilled person will understand, and consider the little deviation in the form of sea bed, and when being placed on sea bed, structure is configured to use with substantially vertical structure.Thus, the surface in use will faced down towards sea bed is meant about soffit.

Base can be the plate of low profile, high surface area, and described plate distributes the power that is applied on sea bed to reduce bearing pressure.Preferably, described base will be formed by steel concrete, and will have its quality inherently, and described quality can be utilized to, be not maintained at the design conditions of the state compressed purely at entire infrastructure under, offset any remaining pulling force be passed by dynamic changes process lattice frame.By the minimum pressure on sea bed will be applied to, need limited sea bed process (if any) and reinforcement afterwards.Base can from installing (that is, to such an extent as to it float, by hauling-out to place and sink to suitable place), or to such an extent as to it is hung to suitable position.Avoid the needs to sea bed process structure or piling.

Base can be formed the cavity be included within it, like this to such an extent as to they can hold a large amount of water, or other materials.By comprising the material beyond water, the submergence weight of base optimisedly can offset any power structurally, and simultaneously by comprising or water or other materials, the installation of base can be optimised.By adjusting speed and the momentum of base during installation, once base and sea bed clash into, sea bed may be made plastically to be out of shape, to such an extent as to by as the compression of interactional result, sea bed is not only by level and smooth but also be reinforced.

Base has preferably been designed one or more and has coordinated interface, and described cooperation interface has or convex or recessed link, carrys out load-accommodating and transmits lattice frame.By understood by skilled person be that base can comprise one or more convex link and lattice frame can have the recessed link that respective numbers complementation is formed, or vice versa.The combination of convex and recessed link can be used.By allowing material to be attached to cooperation interface, such as, by using pad, grouting, filler or cover, mating interface also enables structure tolerate the sea bed inclination of some.Owing to being poured into a mould, coordinate interface can be formed in base.

Pad or the cover of dismountable precast can coordinate with one or more inclination being utilized to the plane changing base/lattice frame body structure surface together with interface.More specifically, one or more pad can be placed on the opening of the upper surface of base or coordinate within interface, described opening or coordinate the recessed link of interface definition to such an extent as in use complementary convex link is placed on pad.Coordinate interface can comprise grouting for receiving recessed surface or filler, or, receive the device of the cover on convex surface, to ensure to coordinate interface can be aligned with minimum cost.The combination of pad, grouting, filler and cover can be used.

Base can comprise at least one hole, and at least one hole described extends until the soffit of base from the upper surface of base.In working of an invention scheme, base comprises at least one conical surface, and at least one conical surface described extends to hole from the soffit of base.Described hole and described conical surface allow base to be lowered to sea bed easily.The size in hole can be selected to determine such speed, and namely base can descend through water body with described speed.The steady flow of the convenient water passing hole of taper of base lower surface, and optimize base applied pressure between the impact epoch of sea bed.Decline by optimizing base and impact the speed of sea bed, base may make the sedimentary deposit under base plastically be out of shape, to such an extent as to the local form of sea bed can be planarized.This allows dispersed on the whole surface of base of power.The plastic strain of sea bed can strengthen them by compressing Seabed sediments in addition.Described hole may be provided in the mid portion of base.

Base can have leg-of-mutton shape substantially, wherein coordinates interface to be provided at each summit.Interchangeable shape, such as substantially square or other shapes, can be utilized.

In working of an invention scheme, base preferably includes one or more scour protection mattress sinking.(wash away is remove deposit by hydrodynamism and can have the effect of shaking structure.) each scour protection mattress sinking preferably forms by concrete and can form with base.Each mattress sinking preferably includes a series of concrete parts, and described concrete parts is attached device (such as polypropylene cable) and is attached to together (term is for concrete mattress thus) in the mode being similar to the strut being held togather the mat supported in bed.Same attachment arrangement can be formed into the attachment means of base by the mode be incorporated to during processing base.The replaceable mode that attachment arrangement between base processing period is incorporated to is that each concrete mattress can be attached to base before the mounting.

Concrete parts can be substantially columniform alternatively.Ideally, during base transport and installation process, each concrete mattress can be stored in configuration that is curling or that roll.Once base is installed in its optimum position, mattress sinking is untied and concrete parts is allowed to drops down on sea bed.Preferably, each scour protection mattress sinking will be built like this, and when curling configuration before deployment, the center of the quality of scour protection mattress sinking is still outside the pivotal point being connected to base.This remains on the tension force on attachment arrangement and ensures that each mattress sinking will be unfolded and dispose around base under its weight when released.By using concrete mattress, the Seabed sediments disassociation of hydrodynamism and proximate base, and be biased to the point of mattress sinking termination on the contrary.Changed by the position of hydrodynamic force souring, the sensitiveness that removes of general arrangement to Seabed sediments is reduced.The size of concrete mattress optimisedly can adapt to the design conditions of the aspiration level obtaining seabed scouring.By optimally determining the yardstick of concrete mattress, such extreme angle can be controlled, and can be realized, and the supporting capacity of sea bed can be kept thus at the deposit of the direct proximate base of described extreme angle by the effect of washing away.

Dynamic changes process lattice frame is preferably configured to be installed on base, and is designed to the power that is delivered between overhead and base.Once be installed to lattice frame, base also can provide stretch capability to adapt to the power being added to described base by lattice frame structure of any horizontal transmission.Use material (being such as in the milk) fixes the interface point between base and lattice frame, can be utilized to from lattice frame transmitting force (drag load that is that such as propagate or remnants) to base.Lattice frame is preferably formed by concrete, but, can be formed by steel.By having low submergence profile, lattice frame remains hydrodynamic force efficiently and like this due to wave, tide and ocean current or significant seabed scouring effect, can not cause large load in structure.Lattice frame can have any design suitably, the such as conventional lattice frame structure design for standard catheter frame pedestal, or the design of improvement based on hyperboloid configuration, and described hyperboloid is configured in and is hereafter described in more detail.Lattice frame can comprise multiple pole substantially extended vertically, and it is cost-effective for processing described component with the form of the tubular element of the hollow of precast alternatively.

Exemplary design, hyperboloid jacket, to preferably include a pair or more the pole substantially extended vertically, and described pole is configured to present hyperboloid configuration as them.By doing like this, power structurally is only passed between base and overhead by unidirectional power, the design simplified the structure and process, also the convenient use not too tolerating the material (such as concrete) of multidirectional stress.Hyperboloid jacket can be maintained at compressive state by applying suitable compressive load by means of overhead.Be the fatigue crack length produced by cyclic loading by the advantage of the pole compressed be limited, the design conditions like this for material (such as steel) is simplified.In addition, for such as concrete material, the application of compressive load simplifies design and the processing of pole, and by the application of compressive load, concrete pole becomes post stressed concrete.

The lattice frame with hyperboloid configuration (such as hyperboloid jacket) can use together with the braced structures of other types, not necessarily has those braced structuress of base and overhead.In other words, the invention provides the structure for installing Offshore Units, described structure comprises the dynamic changes process lattice frame with hyperboloid configuration.Other features of such lattice frame can find in this article.

In working of an invention scheme, lattice frame can be designed to the wiring being held cable by the assembly of lattice frame, to make in order to the demand of that object to any secondary structure reduces to minimum, thus not only reduces the cost of processing but also reduce the cost of maintenance.Cable routing arrangement can be provided in lattice frame structure with the form of one or more passage (cable trough), such as, comprise by node cited below and pole.

In working of an invention scheme, lattice frame preferably includes the bottom part ring of proximate base and the top ring of adjacent top component.Bottom part ring and top ring can be formed by concrete.Substantially the pole extended vertically can extend and be kept in place by the bottom part ring of lattice frame and top ring between the bottom part ring of lattice frame and top ring.Bottom part ring is connected to each other formation preferably by multiple bottom node by bottom pole.Each bottom node is preferably configured to the lower end being attached to two poles substantially extended vertically, and wherein said bottom pole is preferably configured to contiguous bottom node to connect together to form bottom part ring.Similarly, top ring is formed preferably by the multiple top node be connected to each other by top pole.Each top node is preferably configured to the upper end being attached to the pole substantially extended vertically, and wherein said top pole is preferably configured to contiguous top node to connect together to form top ring.Top ring and bottom part ring effectively form locking device and are kept in place to allow the pole substantially extended vertically, to such an extent as to by means of corresponding or complementary cooperation interface: (a) lattice frame can be installed on base, and (b) overhead can be installed on lattice frame.

Then node, pole etc. can be joined together to form top ring and bottom part ring by precast with concrete form.

On the top that overhead is configured to be positioned at lattice frame and can by concrete, or other suitable materials (such as steel) be formed.It is that be designed to make (or all or major part) to be arranged on tipping load that the facility (such as wind turbine) on it applies is decomposed into the large quality of compressive force and wide structure.Overhead preferably includes at least one dimple or other are in order to installation mounting characteristic thereon.At sea when structure (such as oil platform, gas platforms and maritime transformer station), overhead can be the parts of the one of facility structure.In addition, overhead holds the power of load applying on described overhead by being transmitted by dynamic changes process lattice frame, and such as those are by the imposed power of wave impact.Only be maintained in the design conditions in compressive load in structure, it applies the power of compression total and thus can be used to if necessary make lattice frame structure produce post-tensioned prestressing.It may be gratifying especially that lattice frame is made up of such as concrete material.In order to control structure vibration and be added to thus or the frequency of facility or sea bed, overhead can hold frequency control apparatus, such as undamped damper, or active damping mechanism.By comprising damper, by or the control of frequency that causes in the structure of facility or wave action can prevent from designing the cost that sensitiveness (frequency sensitivity of such as sea bed) increases total structure.

Overhead can use together with the braced structures of other types, not necessarily has those braced structuress of base and lattice frame.In other words, the invention provides the structure for installing Offshore Units, described structure comprises the overhead that can be installed to braced structures dividually.Other features of such overhead can find in this article.

In working of an invention scheme, overhead can be installed to ballast box in overhead by comprising one or more and have the quality being increased to overhead, described ballast box can by water, to gather materials or other suitable materials are filled as desired.Ballast tank can form with overhead, and if provide the region as sky or chamber in overhead (see below), they can be defined at least in part by the inwall of overhead.The soffit of overhead preferably comprises one or more cooperation interface for overhead being connected to lattice frame.Opening can be positioned at and coordinate interface with convenient cable by lattice frame and/or overhead wiring.Owing to being poured into a mould, coordinate interface can be formed in overhead.

Be limited at the ballast box in overhead, empty region or chamber can have and be introduced in additional material in them to increase the gross mass of overhead, to such an extent as to overhead sufficiently weighs, and there is enough diameters, make anyly to be applied in structural overturning moment and to be decomposed into pure compressive force.(in other words, overhead can be the structure of hollow substantially.) when pure compression design, additional materials can increase the quality of overhead, to such an extent as to overhead imposed load is in lattice frame structure.Tensile stress after such effect can make lattice frame structure produce is make us expecting when structure is made up of specific material (such as concrete).The load being applied to structure can be adjusted to ensure that described design adapts to by the power applied by the facility supported, such as, when optimizing the power be applied on lattice frame as required.

Because when structure is mounted use, the position of overhead is more than water line, any quality being increased to overhead can not draining and the power be applied in like this can not be reduced by buoyancy effects as the situation of quality below water line increased.Like this, different from the other materials such as gathered materials, water may be used with in fact cost free to be increased to the quality of overhead.Certainly, this does not get rid of use other materials.In addition, by avoiding the buoyancy effects of the material being increased to overhead, structure both also can be increased to the material using minimum in the material of structure in the group structure of structure.

The sub-component (that is, base, overhead and lattice frame) of structure can be assembled together in a pre-installation, or expects that they can be passed separately and assembled at the scene.When being passed separately, lattice frame is being connected to base and before overhead and facility will be supported to lattice frame subsequently, first being placed regularly by base is possible in place.Make structure so not by the risk minimization installed regularly, because can take steps to ensure to provide firm base or pedestal before installation next sub-component of the present invention.

Structure can be mounted or is arranged on sea bed.But skilled person will be appreciated that described structure can be tied in water to such an extent as to facility (such as wind turbine) can be mounted thereon.In this scheme, in order to described structure is tied in water, base can be floaty.Therefore, skilled person will be appreciated that base will preferably further comprise fastening devices that is additional, that be used for base to be fixed to sea bed.

One or more structure can be used to support individual facilities, to such an extent as to facility can be installed in sea.Such as, natural gas or the oil platform with multiple pin can be anchored to sea bed by multiple structure according to the present invention or be tied in water.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Now, describe specific embodiment of the invention scheme by embodiment and with reference to the mode of accompanying drawing, label same in accompanying drawing is used to represent same parts, and wherein:

Fig. 1 illustrates according to structure of installing together with wind turbine of the present invention;

Fig. 2 illustrates three major subcomponents of the invention of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 illustrates base and the dynamic changes process lattice frame of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 illustrates the base of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 illustrates the base end face of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 illustrates the cross section of the base of Fig. 4 by A-A line;

Fig. 7 illustrates the interchangeable view of Fig. 6, additionally comprises the pad of precast;

Fig. 8 illustrates the base of Fig. 4, additionally comprises overall scour protection mattress sinking;

Fig. 9 illustrates the dynamic changes process lattice frame of Fig. 2;

Figure 10 illustrates the bottom part ring of the dynamic changes process lattice frame of Fig. 9;

Figure 11 illustrates the foot node of the dynamic changes process lattice frame of Fig. 9;

Figure 12 illustrates the top ring of the dynamic changes process lattice frame of Fig. 9;

Figure 13 illustrates the top node of the dynamic changes process lattice frame of Fig. 9;

Figure 14 illustrates the top node of the Figure 13 watched from below;

Figure 15 illustrates the overhead of Fig. 2;

Figure 16 illustrates the cross section of the overhead of Figure 15 by B-B line;

Figure 17 illustrates the interchangeable view of the overhead of Fig. 2;

Figure 18 illustrates the cross section of the overhead of Figure 17 by C-C line;

Figure 19 illustrates the overhead of the Figure 15 watched from below; And

Figure 20 illustrates the structure of the present invention be arranged on sea bed.

Detailed description of the invention

With reference now to accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 illustrates according to structure 1 (or gravity conduit frame pedestal) of the present invention, for installing Offshore Units thereon, and such as wind turbine 2.

The sub-component of structure 1 is schematically depicted in more detail in fig. 2 and comprises base 4 (or gravity plate), dynamic changes process lattice frame 6 (or hyperboloid jacket) and overhead 8 (or gravity transition member).

It is upper and take on load dispersal device that base 4 is sitting in sea bed SB (Figure 20), supports the pressure be applied to by structure 1 on sea bed.Lattice frame 6 reduces the hydrodynamic force that is subjected to by structure 1 and the power produced by facility (such as wind turbine 2) is delivered to sea bed by wave zone.Overhead 8 is as the gross of structure 1.It stresses on the pole of lattice frame 6 and contributes good frequency characteristic.Sub-component combines the load being reduced by hydrodynamic force and causing in structure 1, keeps the large quality structure with the rigidity of good frequency characteristic simultaneously.Design can be held wind turbine 2 (and other facilities) dissimilar on a large scale and reduce the power be applied on sea bed, thus avoids the needs of sea bed process.Structure 1 is by avoiding to reduce the facility construction time significantly to the needs of piling and sea bed process.

Fig. 4-7 illustrates and to be formed by concrete casting and to have the base 4 of three mating interfaces 10, and described mating interface 10 is for installing lattice frame 6 to base 4.Each cooperation interface 10 is positioned at the summit of base 4 and has taper side 12, and described taper side 12 is required positioning lattice framework 6 position of related features by lowering simplifies installation process.Base 4 comprises hole 14, and described hole extends until the soffit 18 of base 4 from the upper surface 16 of base 4.Base 4 comprises 6 conical surface 20, and each surperficial 20 are upwards extended towards hole 14 by the soffit 18 of base 4.

In this embodiment, the cooperation interface 10 on base 4 is shown as recessed link, but convex link (or mixing that is convex and recessed link) also can be provided.What Fig. 7 illustrated additional precast increases the weight of pad 22, described in increase the weight of pad 22 and be directed in recessed link 10 to allow any deviation in the level of structure 1 to be corrected on sea bed.Comprise in the arrangement of convex link at the cooperation interface 10 of another base 4, in order to similar purpose, the weighting tube of precast or the cover (not shown) of circular cone substantially can be used.

Fig. 8 illustrates how scour protection mattress sinking 24 is attached to the outer rim of base 4.Seven mattress sinking 24 are illustrated in fig. 8 and each mattress sinking 24 is formed by a series of tubular coagulation soil section 26, and described tubular coagulation soil section 26 is connected by polypropylene cable and keeps together.Single mattress sinking 24 ' is tied up in position that is curling or that roll before being illustrated in and disposing.Remaining mattress sinking 24 is illustrated in the position of deployment entirely.Once base 4 is installed in its optimum position, mattress sinking 24 is untied and concrete parts is allowed to be deployed on sea bed under the natural weight of concrete segment they self.

Fig. 9-14 illustrates the major subcomponents of lattice frame 6, especially, and bottom part ring 28, top ring 30 and the three pairs of poles 32 substantially extended vertically between bottom part ring 28 and top ring 30.Pole 32 becomes the tubular element of hollow by pouring concrete.

Bottom part ring 28 comprises three bottom node 34 and three bottom poles 36, as shown in Figure 10.Each bottom node 34 comprises a pair excrescence 60 of the end for receiving respective bottom pole 36, to such an extent as to contiguous bottom node 34 is joined together by bottom pole 36.Each bottom node 34 also comprises a pair excrescence 62 of the lower end for receiving the respective pole 32 substantially extended vertically.Bottom node 34 and bottom pole 36 are formed by concrete casting, and the latter is formed the tubular element of hollow.Cable can be passed through the inside of the hollow of the pole 32 extended vertically and be connected up by the cable trough be formed in bottom node 34.Fig. 3 illustrates how lattice frame 6 is installed on base 4, and wherein the bottom node 34 of bottom part ring 28 is arranged in and coordinates interface 10.

Top ring 30 comprises 6 top node 38 and 6 top poles 40.Each top node 38 comprises a pair excrescence 64 of the end for receiving respective top pole 40, to such an extent as to contiguous top node is joined together by top pole 40.Each top node 38 also comprises the excrescence 66 of the upper end for receiving the pole 32 substantially extended vertically.Top node 38 and top pole 40 are formed by concrete casting, and the latter is formed the tubular element of hollow.Cable can be connected up by the cable trough be formed in top node 38.Each top node 38 comprises opening 42 and carrys out Wiring cable in overhead 8.

The assembly of bottom part ring 28 and top ring 30, the same with pole 32 vertically substantially can by using industry adhesive, mechanical mechanism, such as insert and to send or device that other are suitable is fixed together.The sub-component forming structure 1 can comprise load or Heave Here, to such an extent as to structure 1 can be easily fixed to crane, winch or other such equipment for deployment architecture 1.

By quilt it is easily understood that other designs of lattice frame 6 can be utilized.Required by the general arrangement of structure 1, lattice frame 6 also can have the pole 32 substantially extended vertically, node 34,38 etc. of any right quantity as required.

Figure 15-19 illustrates the overhead 8 formed by concrete casting.Overhead 8 has upper surface 44 and soffit 46 and has the outer wall 48 of inclination, and upper surface 44 is connected to basal surface 46 by described outer wall 48.The installing component of reception facilities (such as wind turbine 2) is carried out in the centre that the dimple 50 at center is positioned at upper surface 44.Cooperation interface 52 on soffit 46 provides connection between the overhead 8 of lattice frame 6 and top ring 30 (or more specifically, top node 40).The region of the sky in overhead 8 or chamber limit ballast box 54, and described ballast box 54 is also partly limited by the inwall 56 of overhead.Be arranged in coordinate the opening 58 at interface 52 in each top node 38 with opening 42 registration with convenient cable wiring to overhead 8.

In use, can be assembled in position in a pre-installation according to structure 1 of the present invention, or sub-component (that is, base 4, lattice frame 6 and overhead 8) position can be delivered to dividually and structure 1 by Assembling.Figure 20 illustrates the lateral view of the structure of the present invention 1 being in use installed to sea bed SB, illustrates how structure 1 and sub-component are placed relative to water line WL.

Claims

1. one kind for installing the structure (1) of Offshore Units (2), and described structure (1) comprises overhead (8), base (4) and described overhead (8) is connected to the dynamic changes process lattice frame (6) of described base (4).

2. structure according to claim 1 (1), wherein said base (4) is formed by concrete.

3., according to structure according to claim 1 or claim 2 (1), wherein said base (4) is formed with cavity.

4. the structure (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said base (4) comprises one or more cooperation interface (10) for described base (4) being connected to described lattice frame (6) further.

5. structure according to claim 4 (1), wherein each cooperation interface (10) to be included in described base (4) and described lattice frame (6) on one convex or the convex or recessed link of complementation on recessed link and another in described base (4) and described lattice frame (6).

6., according to claim 4 or structure according to claim 5 (1), comprise further for coordinating one or more that use together with interface (10) pad (22) or overlap with described one or more.

7. the structure (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said base (4) comprises at least one hole (14).

8. the structure (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said base (4) comprises at least one conical surface (20) being extended to hole (14) by the soffit of described base (4) (18).

9. the structure (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said lattice frame (6) is formed by concrete.

10. the structure (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said lattice frame (6) comprises cable routing arrangement.

11. structures (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said lattice frame (6) has hyperboloid configuration.

12. structures (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said lattice frame (6) to comprise a pair or more the pole substantially extended vertically (32).

13. structures according to claim 12 (1), wherein said pole (32) adopts hyperboloid configuration.

14. structures (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said lattice frame (6) comprises the bottom part ring (28) of contiguous described base (4).

15. structures according to claim 14 (1), wherein said bottom part ring (28) is formed by concrete.

16. according to claim 14 or structure according to claim 15 (1), wherein said bottom part ring (28) comprises multiple bottom node (34), and the bottom node (34) of often pair of vicinity is connected to each other by bottom pole (36).

17. structures (1) according to any one of claim 14-16, wherein said lattice frame (6) comprises the top ring (30) of contiguous described overhead (8).

18. structures according to claim 19 (1), wherein said top ring (30) is formed by concrete.

19. according to claim 17 or structure according to claim 18 (1), wherein said top ring (30) comprises multiple top node (38), and the top node (38) of often pair of vicinity is connected to each other by bottom pole (40).

20. structures (1) according to any one of claim 17-19, wherein said lattice frame (6) to comprise a pair or more the pole substantially extended vertically (32), and described pole (32) extends between described bottom part ring (28) and described top ring (30).

21. structures (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said lattice frame (6) comprises the linkage for described lattice frame (6) being attached to crane gear further.

22. structures (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said overhead (8) is formed by concrete.

23. structures (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said overhead (8) comprises one or more ballast box (54) further.

24. structures according to claim 23 (1), wherein said ballast box (54) and described overhead (8) form.

25. according to claim 23 or structure according to claim 24 (1), and wherein said ballast box (54) is limited by the inwall (56) of described overhead (8) at least in part.

26. structures (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said overhead (8) comprises and coordinates interface (52) for one or more described overhead (8) being connected to described lattice frame (6).

27. structures (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said overhead (8) comprises at least one dimple (50).

28. structures according to claim 26 (1), wherein said overhead (8) comprises one or more at least one opening (58) coordinating interface (52) and be positioned at cooperation interface (52) for described overhead (8) being connected to described lattice frame (6).

29. structures (1) according to the aforementioned claim of any one, wherein said base (4) is applicable to being placed on sea bed and uses.

30. structures according to claim 29 (1), wherein said base (4) comprises one or more scour protection mattress sinking (24) further.

31. structures according to claim 30 (1), wherein each mattress sinking (24) is formed by concrete.

32. structures according to any one of claim 1-28, wherein said base is floaty.

33. structures according to claim 32, wherein said base comprises the fastening devices in use described base being fixed to sea bed.

34. 1 kinds substantially as described herein and with reference to the structure (1) of accompanying drawing.