CN104307634A - 一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置及应用 - Google Patents
一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104307634A CN104307634A CN201410475971.1A CN201410475971A CN104307634A CN 104307634 A CN104307634 A CN 104307634A CN 201410475971 A CN201410475971 A CN 201410475971A CN 104307634 A CN104307634 A CN 104307634A
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- discharge electrode
- cyclone electrostatic
- demister
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- cyclone
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- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005859 coupling reactions Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound 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[Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 229910001890 sulfur dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphur dioxide Chemical compound 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O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
本发明涉及一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置及应用，包括壳体(1)、旋流静电除尘除雾单元、放电极固定板(8)、冲灰水管(9)和高压直流电源(10)，所述的旋流静电除尘除雾单元设置在壳体(1)内，所述的放电极固定板(8)设置在旋流静电除尘除雾单元上方，所述的冲灰水管(9)设置在放电极固定板(8)上方，所述的高压直流电源(10)连接旋流静电除尘除雾单元。与现有技术相比，本发明将内向喷射板与底层旋流板及喷淋技术结合使用，可显著提高烟气的净化程度。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及环境保护领域，尤其是涉及一种用于烟气净化的旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置及应用。
背景技术
[0002] 近年来，随着国民经济的不断发展，环境污染问题日趋加剧，特别是“雾霾”现象频发，对居民健康和生态环境造成了严重的影响。为此，国家提高了燃煤、冶金等行业的烟尘排放标准，这对烟气净化提出了更高的要求。
[0003] 烟气中的细颗粒物和SO3酸雾等污染物是引发“雾霾”的主要原因之一。传统的烟气净化装置如布袋除尘器、静电除尘器等对这类污染物的去除效果仍然不理想，因此研究高效去除细颗粒物和酸雾等污染物的新技术非常必要。
[0004] 湿式静电除尘器由于具有压力降小、除尘性能高、可靠性高等特点，近年来受到越来越多的关注。在湿式静电除尘器中，细颗粒物和酸雾被电晕极释放出的负离子荷电，并在电场作用下迅速向集尘板移动，然后被集尘板上的水膜冲洗带走。不过，传统的湿式静电除尘器主要存在以下不足:1、湿式静电除尘器电场结构大多仍采用常规平板式电场，易出现死角，使得气体的分布不均匀，从而降低了除尘效率；2、集尘板上很难形成均匀的水膜，集尘板上易形成局部干燥区，产生局部电阻，导致反电晕的产生，且水膜过大或过小都可能影响供电电压，致使电场电压不稳定，从而降低细颗粒物或酸雾的荷电率和去除效率；3、湿式静电除尘器一般采用阳极极板和阴极线交错平行布置，平板电场空间利用率低，占地面积大，投资维护费用高；4、湿式静电除尘器的阴极线上容易产生积灰现象。以上不足，降低了湿式静电除尘器对细颗粒物和酸雾等污染物的去除效率，也制约了其应用。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置及应用。
[0006] 本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，包括壳体、旋流静电除尘除雾单元、放电极固定板、冲灰水管和高压直流电源，所述的旋流静电除尘除雾单元设置在壳体内，所述的放电极固定板设置在旋流静电除尘除雾单元上方，所述的冲灰水管设置在放电极固定板上方，所述的高压直流电源连接旋流静电除尘除雾单元。
[0007] 所述的旋流静电除尘除雾单元包括六边形的筒体、旋流板、旋流板固定槽、放电极固定悬杆、放电极套筒、放电极，所述的旋流板通过旋流板固定槽固定在六边形的筒体底部，所述的放电极固定悬杆悬挂在放电极固定板上，所述的放电极套筒套设在放电极固定悬杆上，所述的放电极设置在放电极套筒侧壁上；所述六边形的筒体的内侧壁上设有集尘板。
[0008] 所述的放电极为锯齿状放电极，其长度为300-500mm，放电极套筒上焊接18片放电极，每片放电极之间的角度为20度，放电极尖端与集尘板之间的距离为150-300mm。
[0009] 所述的旋流静电除尘除雾单元可根据壳体实际形状和尺寸设置多个进行组合、拼接并固定在壳体内。
[0010] 所述的高压直流电源连接放电极，其电压范围是40kV-100kV。
[0011] 一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置的应用，其特征在于，将旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置用于烟气除尘除雾，具体方法包括以下步骤:
[0012] 第一步，烟气经过旋流静电除尘除雾单元底部的旋流板进入除尘除雾单元内；
[0013] 第二步，在旋流作用下烟气中的污染物定向往集尘板上迁移；
[0014] 第三步，通过电极电晕产生的离子将烟气中的细颗粒物和酸雾荷电，然后在电场作用下向集尘板迁移；
[0015] 第四步，集尘板上的酸雾聚集成液滴后沿着集尘板向下流动，同时利用冲灰水将集尘板上的细颗粒物和酸雾液滴一起冲洗下来；
[0016] 第五步，集尘板的洗涤液通过旋流板槽流到壳体下部收集。
[0017] 所述的烟气的温度为100-300°C范围内。
[0018] 所述的旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置与湿法脱硫装置是垂直连接在一起，所述的洗涤液会进入湿法脱硫系统中。
[0019] 与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下一些优点:
[0020] 1、本发明利用旋流板将烟气中的细颗粒物和酸雾强制迁移到集尘板上，提高了集尘板对细颗粒物和酸雾的去除效率；
[0021] 2、本发明旋流静电除尘除雾单元中的烟气以螺旋方式上升，增大了烟气的湍流程度，电场内不容易出现死角，也能减少放电极的积灰现象；
[0022] 3、本发明采用的六边形旋流静电除尘除雾单元可以根据壳体(2)的实际形状和尺寸进行组装、拼接，与传统的静电除尘平板式电场相比具有集尘板面积更大，结构更加紧凑，占地空间更小等优点。
附图说明
[0023] 图1为本发明旋流静电耦合除尘除雾装置的示意图；
[0024] 图2为本发明旋流静电除尘除雾单元在壳体中的组合拼装示意图。
[0025] 1、壳体；2、旋流静电除尘除雾单元筒体；3、旋流板固定槽；4、旋流板；5、放电极固定悬杆；6、放电极；7、放电极套筒；8、放电极固定板；9、冲灰水管；10、高压直流电源。
具体实施方式
[0026] 下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。本实施例在以本发明技术方案前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
[0027] 如图1所示，一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置，包括壳体1、旋流静电除尘除雾单元、放电极固定板8、冲灰水管9和高压直流电源10，所述的旋流静电除尘除雾单元设置在壳体I内，所述的放电极固定板(8)设置在旋流静电除尘除雾单元上方，所述的冲灰水管9设置在放电极固定板8上方，所述的高压直流电源10连接旋流静电除尘除雾单元。
[0028] 其中，所述的旋流静电除尘除雾单元包括六边形的筒体2、旋流板4、旋流板固定槽3、放电极固定悬杆5、放电极套筒7、放电极6，所述的旋流板4通过旋流板固定槽3固定在六边形的筒体2底部，所述的放电极固定悬杆5悬挂在放电极固定板8上，所述的放电极套筒7套设在放电极固定悬杆5上，所述的放电极6设置在放电极套筒7侧壁上；所述六边形的筒体2的内侧壁上设有集尘板。所述的放电极6为锯齿状放电极，其长度为300-500mm，放电极套筒7上焊接18片放电极，每片放电极之间的角度为20度，放电极尖端与集尘板之间的距离为150-300mm。
[0029] 所述的旋流静电除尘除雾单元可根据壳体I实际形状和尺寸设置多个进行组合、拼接并固定在壳体I内。如图2所示，多个旋流静电除尘除雾单元拼接在一起，各六边形的筒体2呈蜂巢状设置在圆形壳体I内，并在壳体I顶部设有多个交错的放电极固定板8，各旋流静电除尘除雾单元中的放电极固定悬杆5固定在其顶部的放电极固定板8上。
[0030] 所述的高压直流电源10的电压范围是40kV_100kV，高压直流电源10连接各旋流静电除尘除雾单元中的放电极6。
[0031] 采用上述装置进行烟气除尘除雾的方法如下:
[0032] 第一步，烟气经过旋流静电除尘除雾单元底部的旋流板进入除尘除雾单元内；
[0033] 第二步，在旋流作用下烟气中的污染物定向往集尘板上迁移；
[0034] 第三步，通过电极电晕产生的离子将烟气中的细颗粒物和酸雾荷电，然后在电场作用下向集尘板迁移；
[0035] 第四步，集尘板上的酸雾聚集成液滴后沿着集尘板向下流动，同时利用冲灰水将集尘板上的细颗粒物和酸雾液滴一起冲洗下来；
[0036] 第五步，集尘板的洗涤液通过旋流板槽流到壳体下部收集。
[0037] 具体实施例如下:
[0038] 实施例1
[0039] 利用一边长为400_的六边形不锈钢筒体，按图1所示搭建旋风静电除尘除雾单元作为试验装置。试验所用烟气量为100m3/h，烟气温度为90°C，入口烟气SO3浓度为50mg/Nm3，烟尘含量1400mg/Nm3。在不施加电压的情况下，测得的SO3脱除效率约为35%，除尘效率为40 %。然后，将静电电压调节至40kV，测得的SO3脱除效率约为60 %，除尘效率为70 %。由此可见，将内向喷射板与底层旋流板及喷淋技术结合使用，可显著提高烟气的净化程度。
[0040] 实施例2
[0041] 针对I台燃煤量为10t/h的燃煤锅炉，设计烟气量为20000Nm3/h，烟气温度为140°C，入口烟气SO3浓度达100mg/Nm3，烟尘含量4000mg/Nm3。本发明装置根据实际工况采用了图1所示的装置，采用7个塔内径为2200mm。采用钠-钙双碱法烟气脱硫工艺。底层旋流板的叶片仰角为28°，开孔率为32% ;内向喷射板的仰角为32°，开孔率为36%。
[0042] 当锅炉负荷为90%时，在液气比为1.8L/m3的情况下，测得的脱硫效率为96.3%，除尘效率大于97% (出口烟气含尘浓度低于50mg/Nm3)。全塔气流阻力仅在800Pa左右。
[0043] 实施例3
[0044] 采用与实施例1相同的结构处理40t/h燃煤锅炉的燃煤烟气，烟气先利用多管除尘器进行预除尘，采用氧化镁脱硫工艺进行脱硫及进一步除尘。处理的烟气量为120000m3/h，二氧化硫浓度3500mg/Nm3。吸收塔的直径为3500mm。结果表明，当液气比为2.2L/m3时，脱硫率为97%。设备连续运行6个月中未出现结垢及堵塞现象。
Claims (8)
1.一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，包括壳体(I)、旋流静电除尘除雾单元、放电极固定板(8)、冲灰水管(9)和高压直流电源(10)，所述的旋流静电除尘除雾单元设置在壳体(I)内，所述的放电极固定板(8)设置在旋流静电除尘除雾单元上方，所述的冲灰水管(9)设置在放电极固定板⑶上方，所述的高压直流电源(10)连接旋流静电除尘除雾单兀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，所述的旋流静电除尘除雾单元包括六边形的筒体(2)、旋流板(4)、旋流板固定槽(3)、放电极固定悬杆(5)、放电极套筒(7)、放电极¢)，所述的旋流板(4)通过旋流板固定槽(3)固定在六边形的筒体⑵底部，所述的放电极固定悬杆(5)悬挂在放电极固定板⑶上，所述的放电极套筒(7)套设在放电极固定悬杆(5)上，所述的放电极(6)设置在放电极套筒(7)侧壁上；所述六边形的筒体(2)的内侧壁上设有集尘板。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，所述的放电极(6)为锯齿状放电极，其长度为300-500mm，放电极套筒(7)上焊接18片放电极，每片放电极之间的角度为20度，放电极尖端与集尘板之间的距离为150-300mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，所述的旋流静电除尘除雾单元可根据壳体(I)实际形状和尺寸设置多个进行组合、拼接并固定在壳体⑴内。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置，其特征在于，所述的高压直流电源(10)连接放电极¢)，其电压范围是40kV-100kV。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任一所述的旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置的应用，其特征在于，将旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置用于烟气除尘除雾，具体方法包括以下步骤: 第一步，烟气经过旋流静电除尘除雾单元底部的旋流板进入除尘除雾单元内； 第二步，在旋流作用下烟气中的污染物定向往集尘板上迁移； 第三步，通过电极电晕产生的离子将烟气中的细颗粒物和酸雾荷电，然后在电场作用下向集尘板迁移； 第四步，集尘板上的酸雾聚集成液滴后沿着集尘板向下流动，同时利用冲灰水将集尘板上的细颗粒物和酸雾液滴一起冲洗下来； 第五步，集尘板的洗涤液通过旋流板槽流到壳体下部收集。
7.根据权利要求6所述的旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置的应用，其特征在于，所述的烟气的温度为100-300°C范围内。
8.根据权利要求6所述的旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置的应用，其特征在于，所述的旋流静电耦合高效除尘除雾装置与湿法脱硫装置是垂直连接在一起，所述的洗涤液会进入湿法脱硫系统中。
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