CN104297731B - Full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter based on wideband light source - Google Patents

Full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter based on wideband light source Download PDF

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CN104297731B
CN104297731B CN201410563904.5A CN201410563904A CN104297731B CN 104297731 B CN104297731 B CN 104297731B CN 201410563904 A CN201410563904 A CN 201410563904A CN 104297731 B CN104297731 B CN 104297731B
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light source
light
microwave
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CN104297731A (en
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邹卫文
张昊
陈建平
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

A kind of full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter based on wideband light source, including microwave signal generation part, signal modulation and delay component, emitting portion, microwave signal generating unit is divided and is included wideband light source, the first optical branching device, the second optical branching device, the first Polarization Controller etc., signal modulation includes the second electrooptic modulator, the second image intensifer, fiber delay time network, the second optical combiner with delay component, and emitting portion includes first wave division multiplexer, optical fiber or optical cable, photodetector array etc..The present invention produces microwave signal by optical-electronic oscillator based on wideband light source, reduce or remit external microwave source wideband light source and substitute multi-wavelength laser array, and the structure utilizing wavelength division multiplexer to cut wideband light source promotes this Optically controlled microwave simple and compact for structure, reduce cost.

Description

Full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter based on wideband light source
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and apparatus of a kind of Microwave photonics and field of radar, specifically a kind of based on broadband The full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter of light source.
Background technology
Phased-array radar realizes the scanning of wave beam by the configuration of antenna, leads in military affairs, electronic countermeasure, communication etc. Territory has a wide range of applications.But, traditional automatically controlled phased-array radar (sees Zhang Guang owing to there is aperture effect Justice, Zhao Yujie, phased array technology, Beijing: Electronic Industry Press, 2006.12:390-392), The phenomenon of beam deviation is there is, so limiting the instant bandwidth of radar signal in the case of wideband wide scan. Development recently as photoelectron technology, it is proposed that the concept of Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna.Optically controlled microwave be by Microwave signal is modulated on optical signal, utilizes optical signal to propagate in the optical fiber of different length and realizes different true times Prolong, then demodulate out by microwave signal from optical signal, launch with antenna through microwave T/R assembly. Optically controlled microwave is possible not only to effectively to overcome the restriction of tradition phased array antenna aperture effect, and has big instantaneous Bandwidth, remote etc. a series of excellent without wave beam stravismus effect, low-loss, small size, electromagnetism interference, detection range Point, thus improve radar performance, simplify Radar Design, become an important side of phased-array radar development To.
International and domestic have to carry out at Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna technical elements study widely.International top Nature magazine reported in 2014 a complete light-operated coherent radar system (Ghelfi P, Laghezza F, Scotti F,et al.A fully photonics-based coherent radar system[J].Nature,2014, 507 (7492): 341-345) Photonics Technology, is utilized to achieve the transmitting to radar signal, receive, process. Domestic Tsing-Hua University Zhou Ping Kun teaches seminar's primary study light control microwave beam and forms network structure.Electronics section Skill university has carried out theoretical research to the Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna of L-band, has designed and produced optical delay line and light Transmission link, and complete near field, far field test with Nanjing electronic technology institute cooperation, significantly improve thunder The wideband wide scan performance reached.
High-quality wideband adjustable microwave signal source is requisite ingredient in radar system.But, The external microwave signal source of tradition phased-array radar exists tunable range time-bandwidth product narrow, radar signal to be had The problems such as limit, phase noise are big.Optical-electronic oscillator based on photoelectron technology is producing low phase noise, frequency The most tunable microwave signal aspect has huge advantage and (sees Zou Weiwen, Liu Chenjun, Jiang Wenning, Lu Adding woods, Wu Testudinis is clever, Chen Jianping, the photoelectric oscillation device of frequency-tunable based on wideband light source: China, CN201310045022.5 [P], 2013-6-19).In Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna, utilize common telecommunication optical fiber Data transmission and the control of phased array can be realized.Because fibre loss is low, it is possible to by signal processing, ripple The equipment such as beam control are placed on from antenna place farther out, this survival ability being conducive to improving radar, or will be big Radar front disperse some less fronts, be equipped with suitable data and process, divide obtaining higher real angular aperture Distinguish ability and angle measurement, positioning precision (see Zhang Zhonghua, Sun Xiaochang, Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna [J], telecom technology, 2004,44 (2): 71-75).Compared with traditional microwave delay line, optical fiber delay line volume is little, simple in construction, Anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, temperature stability good.Fiber delay time network based on wavelength-division multiplex technique (sees Zou Wei Wen, Yu Anliang, Liu Chenjun, Chen Jianping, Wave-packet shaping network able to programme based on light WDM technology: China, CN201310460297.5 [P], 2014.1.22) phase controlling of phased array system can be realized.
Full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter in the present invention is based on wideband light source.On the one hand wideband light source exists Microwave signal generation part in the present invention is a requisite part.On the other hand wideband light source and wavelength-division The combination of multiplex technique, can realize the true time unrelated with frequency under multi-wavelength and postpone, and motility is high.Compare In combine multi-wavelength laser array and fiber delay time network phased-array radar transmitter architecture (see Zou Weiwen, Li Shuguang, Liu Chenjun, Yu Anliang, Chen Jianping, full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter: China, CN201410065532.3 [P], 2014.7.23), substitute multi-wavelength laser array with wideband light source, and utilize The structure that wideband light source is cut by wavelength division multiplexer is simpler and cost-effective.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose the full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter of wideband light source.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter based on wideband light source, feature is that its composition includes that microwave is believed Number produce part, signal modulation with delay component, emitting portion, described microwave signal generating unit demultiplexing is in product The single-frequency microwave signal of raw wideband adjustable;Signal modulation and delay component carry for radar signal is modulated at light On ripple, and utilize wavelength-division multiplex technique that the signal of different passages is carried out time delay;Emitting portion is for by optical signal Be converted to the radar signal of telecommunication and launch.
Described microwave signal generating unit divide include wideband light source, the first optical branching device, the second optical branching device, One Polarization Controller, adjustable delay module, the second Polarization Controller, the first electrooptic modulator, the first photosynthetic road Device, dispersion compensation module, the first image intensifer, the 3rd optical branching device, Sagnac ring, photodetector, electricity are put Big device, block isolating device;Described signal modulation and delay component include the second electrooptic modulator, the second image intensifer, Fiber delay time network;Described emitting portion include the second optical combiner, wavelength division multiplexer, optical fiber or optical cable, Photodetector array, T/R assembly array, microwave antenna array, the position relationship of above-mentioned component is as follows:
Light beam outbound course along described wideband light source is the first optical branching device and the second optical branching device successively, institute Optical signal is divided into two bundles by the first optical branching device stated, and light beam signal enters the second optical branching device, another light beam Second input port of the second optical combiner described in signal entrance, light path is divided into by the second described optical branching device First light path and the second light path, the first described light path be successively the first Polarization Controller, adjustable delay module and First optical combiner, the second light path is the second Polarization Controller, the first electrooptic modulator, the first photosynthetic road successively Device;The output light path of this first optical combiner is successively dispersion compensation module, the first image intensifer and the 3rd light divide Road device, optical signal is divided into again two bundles by the 3rd optical branching device, and light beam signal sequentially passes through the second described electricity Photomodulator, the second image intensifer, fiber delay time network and the second optical combiner, this second electrooptic modulator Rf inputs input impulse radar signal, another bundle optical signal sequentially passes through described Sagnac ring and photoelectricity Detector, the electrical signal of this photodetector is sequentially connected with described electric amplifier and block isolating device, should be every The straight outfan of device is connected with the rf inputs of the first described electrooptic modulator, on the second described photosynthetic road The outbound course of device is described wavelength division multiplexer, optical fiber or optical cable, photodetector array, T/R group successively Part array and microwave antenna array.
The annexation of described Sagnac ring is: optical signal is input to the second input of 2 × 2 photo-couplers, Optical fiber connects first input end and first outfan of 2 × 2 photo-couplers.Second output of 2 × 2 photo-couplers End is the light signal output end of Sagnac ring.
Described microwave signal generation part is the optical-electronic oscillator of a wideband adjustable.First optical branching device will The wide spectrum optical of described wideband light source output is divided into two parts, and a part is for the light carrier of optical-electronic oscillator, separately A part is as the light carrier of coherent demodulation.The second described optical branching device is by the of the first described optical branching device The wide spectrum optical of two outfans is divided into two parts, respectively enters described the one the second Polarization Controllers, it is achieved Mach Increasing Dare both arms to interfere, the light input end of described first electrooptic modulator receives a part of optical carrier and carries out Modulation.Described dispersion compensation module introduces dispersion to wide spectrum optical.Dispersion compensation module is exported by the first described image intensifer Optical signal amplification.Optical signal after the 3rd described optical branching device will amplify separates a part, is input to described Sagnac ring.Photodetector will be converted to the signal of telecommunication through the optical signal of Sagnac ring.Described electricity is put The signal of telecommunication is amplified by big device, accesses block isolating device and remove direct current component after electric amplifier, then feeds back to the The rf inputs of one electrooptic modulator, forms optical-electronic oscillator, produces low phase noise, wideband adjustable Microwave signal
Described signal modulation is connected to the 3rd light with the light input end of the second electrooptic modulator in decay part and divides First outfan of road device, the microwave input port of the second electrooptic modulator is that impulse radar signal is (such as linear frequency sweep Pulse signal, phase-coded signal etc.).The second described image intensifer will be loaded with microwave carrier to be believed with radar Number optical signal be amplified.Described fiber delay time network receives the outfan of the second image intensifer, to difference The modulated signal of wavelength carries out time delay, thus produces different phase contrasts.
In described emitting portion, optical signal and the first light through optical fiber delay network is divided by the second optical combiner The light carrier that road device separates closes ripple together.First wave division multiplexer is by through the second described combiner output Optical signal demultiplexes.Described photodetector array will demodulate the signal of telecommunication of each passage.Described T/R assembly the signal of telecommunication is amplified, microwave signal is radiate by described antenna.
The invention have the advantages that
1, the present invention is a kind of full Optically controlled microwave system based on wideband light source.In the present invention, wideband light source On the one hand it is used in optical-electronic oscillator structure, produces the microwave signal of wideband adjustable, eliminate outside generation micro- The microwave source of wave carrier signal.On the other hand wideband light source and the combination of wavelength-division multiplex technique, can be real under multi-wavelength Now unrelated with frequency true time postpones.Compared to combining the phased of multi-wavelength laser array and fiber delay time network Battle array radar transmitter structure, substitutes multi-wavelength laser array with wideband light source, and utilizes wavelength division multiplexer to width The structure carrying out cutting with light source is simpler and cost-effective.
2, the Sagnac ring level in the present invention is associated in the loop of optical-electronic oscillator, it is possible in original microwave light It is superimposed with infinite impulse response in the open-loop response of subfilter, effective band of microwave photon filter can be reduced Width, the phase noise of the single-frequency microwave signal produced when optimizing optical-electronic oscillator closed loop.
3, in the present invention, by regulating the time delay of adjustable delay module, can produce different microwave frequency band (such as: L-band, S-band, X-band, Ku wave band, K-band or Ka wave band) microwave carrier signals.Logical Overregulate the time delay of adjustable delay module, it is possible to achieve the frequency hopping work of same frequency range.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter based on wideband light source.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of Sagnac ring in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is not connect Sagnac ring, cascade 6.5m long Sagnac ring in the present invention, cascades the long Sagnac of 21.5m Phase noise in the case of three kinds of ring.
Fig. 4 is the experimental result of whole microwave signals that in the present invention, microwave signal produces that part produces, and adjustable prolongs Time module time delay according to 1ps stepping, the corresponding frequency changing output microwave signal, microwave letter in experiment Number frequency can realize 0-11.3GHz continuously adjustabe.
Fig. 5 is that microwave signal generation part is directly connected with emitting portion, in four differences of wavelength division multiplexer The phase noise of the microwave signal that the photodetector output of passage records, the phase noise of the microwave signal recorded There is good concordance.
Detailed description of the invention
Provide a specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical scheme Premised on implement, give detailed embodiment and process, but protection scope of the present invention should not necessarily be limited by Following embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter embodiment based on wideband light source Figure.Its composition includes the modulation of microwave signal generation part, signal and delay component, emitting portion.Microwave signal Generating unit is divided and is included wideband light source 1-1, the first optical branching device 1-2, the second optical branching device 1-3, the first polarization control Device 1-4 processed, adjustable delay module 1-5, the second Polarization Controller 1-6, the first electrooptic modulator 1-7, first Optical combiner 1-8, dispersion compensation module 1-9, the first image intensifer 1-10, the 3rd optical branching device 1-11, Sagnac Ring 1-12, photodetector 1-13, electric amplifier 1-14, block isolating device 1-15.Signal modulation and delay component Including the second electrooptic modulator 2-1, the second image intensifer 2-2, fiber delay time network 2-3.Emitting portion includes Second optical combiner 3-1, first wave division multiplexer 3-2, optical fiber or optical cable 3-3, photodetector array 3-4, T/R assembly array 3-5, microwave antenna array 3-6.
The annexation of above-mentioned component is as follows:
Described wideband light source 1-1 meets the first described optical branching device 1-2, and its second output termination second light divides The input of road device 1-3, optical signal is divided into two parts by the second optical branching device, is separately input to the first polarization control Device 1-4 processed and the light input end of the second Polarization Controller 1-6, the first Polarization Controller light output end connects adjustable prolonging Time module 1-5, the second Polarization Controller light output end connects the light input end of the first electrooptic modulator 1-7, adjustable The light output of time delay module and the first electrooptic modulator is combined together through the first optical combiner 1-8 and is input to dispersion mould The input of block 1-9, the present embodiment dispersion compensation module is dispersion compensating fiber.Dispersion compensation module and the first image intensifer 1-10 light input end is connected, and the present embodiment the first image intensifer is erbium-doped fiber amplifier, exports dispersion compensation module Light be amplified, to reduce the Insertion Loss of link.The 3rd described optical branching device 1-11 is by the first image intensifer The optical signal of output separates a part, the Sagnac ring 1-12 described in entrance, the output termination light of Sagnac ring Electric explorer 1-13, converts optical signals to the signal of telecommunication.Described low noise electric amplifier 1-14 will change it After the signal of telecommunication be again amplified, to increase gain from wideband light source to photodetector, eventually pass every Straight device 1-15, filters baseband signal, feeds back to the rf inputs of the first described electrooptic modulator.Meanwhile, Another part light that the 3rd described optical branching device separates, will be by this second electricity through the second electrooptic modulator 2-1 The radar modulated signal modulation such as the linear frequency sweep pulse signal of microwave input port input of photomodulator, phase code On flashlight, also pass through the second described image intensifer 2-2, i.e. erbium-doped fiber amplifier is amplified into Different passages are carried out different delayed time by described fiber delay time network 2-3.The second described combiner 3-1 will The a part of optical signal separated through signal and first shunt of delay network phase shift carries out closing ripple, carries out phase Dry demodulation.Second combiner He Boge road signal is demultiplexed by described first wave guide array grating 3-2. Described optical cable 3-3 is by optical signal transmission to antenna firing base, and described photodetector array 3-4 will be each The optical signal of individual passage reverts to the signal of telecommunication, and described T/R assembly 3-5 is by the signal of telecommunication after photodetection again The secondary pre-amplification that carries out, microwave signal is finally radiate by described microwave antenna array 3-6.
The operation principle of the present invention is as follows:
Microwave signal in FIG produces part, and Mach increases Dare both arms interference structure, dispersion compensation module, light spy Survey device and collectively form a tunable microwave photon filter of single-pass band, thus replace Traditional photovoltaic agitator to tie Microwave filter in structure carries out modeling, microwave photon filter feedback is constituted closed loop, is optical-electronic oscillator, Produce the microwave signal needed.For making optical-electronic oscillator starting of oscillation, access image intensifer with low-noise amplifier respectively Optical signal is amplified with the signal of telecommunication, reduces from laser instrument to the Insertion Loss of photodetector open loop link.
In Fig. 2, the structure of Sagnac ring is made up of 2 × 2 photo-couplers and one section of optical fiber, and optical fiber connects 2 × 2 One input of photo-coupler and an outfan.Optical signal circulates in photo-coupler, so by cascade Sagnac ring, is superimposed with infinite impulse response in the open-loop response of original microwave photon filter, passes through Cascade Sagnac ring can reduce the effective bandwidth of microwave photon filter, produces when optimizing optical-electronic oscillator closed loop The phase noise of raw single-frequency microwave signal.Fig. 3 is not connect Sagnac ring, cascade 6.5m long Sagnac ring, Phase noise in the case of three kinds of 21.5m long Sagnac ring of cascade.
Change the time delay of adjustable delay module, tunable microwave signal can be produced.Fig. 4 is micro-in the present invention The experimental result of whole microwave signals that ripple signal generator divides, the time delay of adjustable delay module according to 1ps stepping, The frequency of corresponding output microwave signal, in experiment, can to realize 0-11.3GHz continuous for microwave signal frequency Adjustable.
Because this invention is based on wideband light source, it is possible to combine with wavelength-division multiplex technique.Second light is put The spectrum of the wide spectrum optical carrier wave of big device output, by the different channel segmentation of light wavelength division multiplexing, different wavelength carries There is identical radar signal.Different passage can be changed through fiber delay time network based on light WDM technology The phase place of upper radar signal, then through emitting portion based on light WDM technology, it is possible to achieve radar signal Beam shaping.Fig. 5 is that microwave signal generation part is directly connected with emitting portion, at wavelength division multiplexer The phase noise of the microwave signal that the photodetector output of four different passages records, the microwave signal recorded Phase noise has good concordance.

Claims (3)

1. a full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter based on wideband light source, is characterised by that its composition includes micro- Ripple signal generator divides, signal is modulated and delay component, emitting portion, described microwave signal generating unit demultiplexing In the single-frequency microwave signal producing wideband adjustable;Signal modulation and delay component are for being modulated at radar signal On light carrier, and utilize wavelength-division multiplex technique that the signal of different passages is carried out time delay;Emitting portion is for by light Signal is converted to the radar signal of telecommunication and launches;
Described microwave signal generating unit divide include wideband light source (1-1), the first optical branching device (1-2), second Optical branching device (1-3), the first Polarization Controller (1-4), adjustable delay module (1-5), the second Polarization Control Device (1-6), the first electrooptic modulator (1-7), the first optical combiner (1-8), dispersion compensation module (1-9), One image intensifer (1-10), the 3rd optical branching device (1-11), Sagnac ring (1-12), photodetector (1-13), Electric amplifier (1-14), block isolating device (1-15);With delay component, described signal modulation includes that the second electric light is adjusted Device processed (2-1), the second image intensifer (2-2), fiber delay time network (2-3);Described emitting portion includes Second optical combiner (3-1), wavelength division multiplexer (3-2), optical fiber or optical cable (3-3), photodetector array (3-4), T/R assembly array (3-5), microwave antenna array (3-6);
Light beam outbound course along described wideband light source (1-1) is the first optical branching device (1-2) and successively Two optical branching devices (1-3), optical signal is divided into two bundles by described the first optical branching device (1-2), and light beam is believed Number enter the second optical branching device (1-3), another bundle optical signal enter described in the second optical combiner (3-1) Second input port, light path is divided into the first light path and the second light path by described the second optical branching device (1-3), The first described light path is the first Polarization Controller (1-4), adjustable delay module (1-5) and the first light successively Combiner (1-8), the second light path be successively the second Polarization Controller (1-6), the first electrooptic modulator (1-7), First optical combiner (1-8);The output light path of this first optical combiner (1-8) is dispersion compensation module successively (1-9), the first image intensifer (1-10) and the 3rd optical branching device (1-11), the 3rd optical branching device (1-11) Again optical signal is divided into two bundles, light beam signal sequentially pass through described the second electrooptic modulator (2-1), second Image intensifer (2-2), fiber delay time network (2-3) and the second optical combiner (3-1), this second Electro-optical Modulation The rf inputs input impulse radar signal of device (2-1), another bundle optical signal sequentially passes through described Sagnac Ring (1-12) and photodetector (1-13), the electrical signal of this photodetector (1-13) connects successively Connecing described electric amplifier (1-14) and block isolating device (1-15), the outfan of this block isolating device (1-15) is with described The first electrooptic modulator (1-7) rf inputs be connected, at described the second optical combiner (3-1) Outbound course is described wavelength division multiplexer (3-2), optical fiber or optical cable (3-3), photodetector array successively (3-4), T/R assembly array (3-5) and microwave antenna array (3-6).
Full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter based on wideband light source the most according to claim 1, feature The annexation being described Sagnac ring (1-12) is: optical signal is input to 2 × 2 photo-couplers (1-12-1) The second input, optical fiber (1-12-2) connects first input end and first outfan of 2 × 2 photo-couplers, The light signal output end that second outfan is Sagnac ring of 2 × 2 photo-couplers.
Full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter based on wideband light source the most according to claim 1, feature Be described microwave signal generation part based on wideband light source, and wavelength-division multiplex technique combines, second The spectrum of the wide spectrum optical carrier wave that image intensifer (2-2) exports is by the different channel segmentation of light wavelength division multiplexing, no With wavelength on identical radar signal, change through fiber delay time network based on light WDM technology The phase place of radar signal on different passages, then through emitting portion based on light WDM technology, it is achieved radar The beam shaping of signal.
CN201410563904.5A 2014-10-22 Full Optical Controlled Phased Array Antenna transmitter based on wideband light source Active CN104297731B (en)

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CN104297731B true CN104297731B (en) 2017-01-04

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