CN104287899B - 贯通伤口封堵装置 - Google Patents

贯通伤口封堵装置 Download PDF

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CN104287899B
CN104287899B CN201410627909.XA CN201410627909A CN104287899B CN 104287899 B CN104287899 B CN 104287899B CN 201410627909 A CN201410627909 A CN 201410627909A CN 104287899 B CN104287899 B CN 104287899B
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shell
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penetrating wound
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CN104287899A (zh
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张鸿文
王瑜
肖海
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900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA
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Abstract

本发明涉及医疗器械领域,特别为一种贯通伤口封堵装置。本发明包括填塞物及外壳,外壳覆设在填塞物外表面上,外壳上设有若干个进水孔;所述填塞物由吸水后可膨胀材料制成。本发明具有能够提高患者存活率、使患者的生命体征维持稳定、操作简单携带方便的优点。

Description

贯通伤口封堵装置
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域,特别为一种贯通伤口封堵装置。
背景技术
在外科医疗领域,贯通伤是很常见的一种致命伤。贯通伤通常是由于被异物插入贯穿、划破或者在战场上被枪弹或者流弹的碎片所击中,若不及时对伤口进行妥善的处置,则会造成患者失血过多危急生命;同时若是胸腔位置的贯通伤还会引起气胸或者血气胸等并发症,严重时会引起纵膈摆动造成神经性心脏骤停。
对于贯通伤,现在医学中最重要的治疗理论就是将开放伤贯通伤即为典型的一种开放伤通过封堵从而转化成封闭伤而后再进行下一步的治疗。传统的治疗手段通常有三种:1.通过手术的方式将皮表的伤口处缝扎起来;2.采用医用胶贴直接贴覆在伤口上;3.使用三角巾包扎伤口。然而这些传统的办法存在缺陷:
1.对于贯通伤来说通常都是贯穿皮肤组织的,而传统的治疗手段只是对皮表的伤口处进行止血处理,其只能阻止血液流出体外,而位于人体内的伤口侧壁组织中的血液依然没有被封堵,造成内出血;
2.传统的办法对伤口处没有妥善处理,容易造成二次污染,引起伤口处感染;
3.操作复杂,无法单手操作,尤其是在战场上很难以实现单兵自救的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:提供一种能够提高患者存活率、使患者的生命体征维持稳定、操作简单携带方便的贯通伤口封堵装置。
本发明通过如下技术方案实现:一种贯通伤口封堵装置,其特征在于:它包括填塞物及外壳,外壳覆设在填塞物外表面上,外壳上设有若干个进水孔;所述填塞物由吸水后可膨胀材料制成。
较之前技术而言,本发明的有益效果为:
1、将本发明塞入伤口后,填塞物吸水后自动膨胀并与整个贯通伤的伤口完全吻合从而起到完全止血的作用;
2、本发明体积小质量轻,便于携带,使用时直接将本发明塞入弹孔中即可,操作简单、可单手操作使用方便;
3、使用排气管后还能同时治疗患者的气胸或血气胸的病症。
附图说明
图1为本发明立体示意图;
图2为本发明半剖立体示意图;
图3为排气管截面示意图;
图4为本发明使用状态示意图。
标号说明:1-填塞物、2-外壳、3-进水孔、4-囊体、5-排气管、6-单向阀、7-固定带、8-副管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图说明对本发明做详细说明:
本发明包括填塞物1及外壳2,外壳2覆设在填塞物1外表面上,外壳2上设有若干个进水孔3;所述填塞物1由吸水后可膨胀材料制成。
填塞物1的作用是封堵中枪部位的弹孔,填塞物1采用吸水后可膨胀材料制成通常质地较软,因此很难塞入弹孔中。而外壳2的作用正是为填塞物1提供一个相对坚硬的外表并能使填塞物1维持一定的形状方便填塞物1塞入弹孔中;外壳2还具有一定的防水效果起到保护填塞物1的作用;在未使用时,能将空气中的水汽或者手上的汗液阻隔在外面,避免了填塞物1因吸水膨胀而失效,有效的延长了本发明的使用有效期。外壳2通常采用壳聚糖制作,采用生物明胶亦可。
进水孔3的作用是让组织液或血液从外部进入到填塞物1中使其吸水膨胀。为了使外壳2能够起到很好的起到防水效果,进水孔3的口径因设置的尽可能小且分布在外壳2与弹孔组织相接触的位置上。
使用时,将填塞物1前端直接塞入中枪部位的弹孔中,弹孔内壁上的组织液或/和血液就会通过进水孔3被填塞物1所吸收,填塞物1吸水膨胀后逐渐将弹孔的上下两口封闭从而达到封堵弹孔的效果,使用简单方便且体积小便于战士行军打战的时候随身携带。
进一步的,它还包括排气管5以及单向阀6;所述排气管5置于填塞物1内且排气管5的两端分别延伸出外壳的前端和尾部,单向阀6安装在排气管5内且单向阀6向外壳尾部的一侧打开。
当胸腹腔发生贯通伤时通常容易出现气胸和血气胸,排气管5的作用就是将胸腹腔内的气体排出达到治疗气胸和血气胸的目的,单向阀6的作用是防止外界的气体回流至胸腹腔内。
进一步的,它还包括固定带7,固定带7盘卷在排气管5尾端的外壁上。
固定带7的作用是使得本发明进一步固定在伤口处,避免因患者活动等因素造成本发明从伤口处掉落,起到加固的作用。使用方法为:当填塞物1放入弹孔后,将盘卷着的固定带7拉开并捆绑在身体上。
进一步的,它还包括副管8,副管8设置在排气管5内,副管8的前端穿过单向阀6,副管8的尾端从排气管5的尾端伸出。
治疗中,可通过副管8向体内注射辅助治疗的药物或者是注水冲洗。
进一步的,它还包括囊体4,囊体4位于外壳2尾部表面,囊体4内含有凡士林以及麻醉剂。
囊体4的作用是将中枪处的伤口与外界隔离开来,同时凡士林还有消炎杀菌的作用,而麻醉剂可以减轻伤口处的疼痛感。使用的方法为:当填塞物1放入弹孔后,用手轻轻将囊体4挤破让里面的物质流出并从伤口附近弥散开来。
进一步的,所述外壳2中添设有麻醉粉。
麻醉粉的作用是降低患者的痛苦,在填塞物1吸水膨胀时外壳2内的麻醉粉会溶解在组织液或血液中起到麻醉弹孔附近组织的作用。
进一步的,所述外壳2的外形为子弹状。
这样的外形使得使用者更容易将本发明置入到弹孔中去。同时方便使用者辨别本产品的头尾端,避免使用失误,当然采用其他方式标注亦可。
进一步的,所述填塞物1由Merocel高分子止血膨胀材料制成。
Merocel是由聚乙烯醇和醛反应而生成的乙缩醇高分子材料,它具有高度的亲水性和膨胀性,吸收液体后可迅速膨胀,体积可达原来的10倍,因而该材料非常适合作为填塞物1的材料,能达到最好的使用效果。当然,亦可采用现有技术中具有同等效果的材料替代。
进一步的,所述填塞物1由高膨溶壳聚糖海绵制成。
进一步的,所述填塞物1由瑞纳水凝胶制成。
填塞物1还可以采用以上两种材料代替,除此之外其余具有吸水膨胀功能的材料亦可。
尽管本发明采用具体实施例及其替代方式对本发明进行示意和说明,但应当理解,只要不背离本发明的精神范围内的各种变化和修改均可实施。因此,应当理解除了受随附的权利要求及其等同条件的限制外,本发明不受任何意义上的限制。

Claims (5)

1.一种贯通伤口封堵装置,其特征在于:它包括填塞物(1)及外壳(2),外壳(2)覆设在填塞物(1)外表面上,外壳(2)上设有若干个进水孔(3);所述填塞物(1)由吸水后可膨胀材料制成;
它还包括排气管(5)以及单向阀(6);所述排气管(5)置于填塞物(1)内且排气管(5)的两端分别延伸出外壳的前端和尾部,单向阀(6)安装在排气管(5)内且单向阀(6)向外壳尾部的一侧打开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的贯通伤口封堵装置,其特征在于:所述外壳(2)中添设有麻醉粉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的贯通伤口封堵装置,其特征在于:所述填塞物(1)由高分子止血膨胀材料制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的贯通伤口封堵装置,其特征在于:所述填塞物(1)由高膨溶壳聚糖海绵制成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的贯通伤口封堵装置,其特征在于:所述填塞物(1)由瑞纳水凝胶制成。
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