CN104270057A - Series excited machine control system, series excited machine and washing machine - Google Patents
Series excited machine control system, series excited machine and washing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN104270057A CN104270057A CN201410490753.5A CN201410490753A CN104270057A CN 104270057 A CN104270057 A CN 104270057A CN 201410490753 A CN201410490753 A CN 201410490753A CN 104270057 A CN104270057 A CN 104270057A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor control, and provides a series excited machine control system, a series excited machine and a washing machine. When the series excited machine needs to be switched to a high-speed operating state, high-speed operation of the series excited machine can be realized under the condition of alternating current power supply under the action of a first power supply switchover switch and a second power supply switchover switch, the problem that an electric brush is abraded seriously when the series excited machine is supplied with direct current power and operates at high speed is solved, the service life of the electric brush is prolonged, and noise is reduced. When the series excited machine needs to be switched to a low-speed operating state, low-speed operation of the series excited machine can be realized under the condition of direct current power supply under the action of the first power supply switchover switch and the second power supply switchover switch. Iron loss and copper loss of the series excited machine can be effectively reduced, the efficiency of the series excited machine is improved, the starting performance of the series excited machine is improved, temperature rise of a motor stator, a rotor and the electric brush is reduced, the service life of the electric brush is prolonged, and noise is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to motor control technology field, particularly relate to a kind of series excited machine control system, series excited machine and washing machine.
Background technology
At present, series excited machine is widely used in washing machine as main driver part, the power driven equipment such as sightseeing bus, when controlling series excited machine work, usually the scheme adopted as shown in Figure 1, it controls mains switch 600 by host computer 100 close and introduce alternating current to semiconductor switch device 200 from AC power AC, the motor speed signal fed back when detecting motor speed by main control chip 300 according to tachometer circuit 400 again exports the switch controlling signal of corresponding duty ratio to semiconductor switch device 200, then semiconductor switch device 200 performs the make-break operation of corresponding duty ratio to adjust the alternating current exporting series excited machine 500 to according to this switch controlling signal, thus series excited machine 500 is maintained in the default range of speeds.In addition, control the stator line 501 of rotating speed diverter switch 700 at series excited machine 500 by host computer 100 and switch to realize the switching of series excited machine 500 between high low-speed run state with carrying out between stator line 503 being connected, when rotating speed diverter switch 700 connects the stator line 501 of series excited machine 500, series excited machine 500 enters low-speed run state, when rotating speed diverter switch 700 connects the stator line 503 of series excited machine 500, series excited machine 500 enters high-speed cruising state; The course changing control of series excited machine 500 then controls to turn to diverter switch 800 to realize by host computer 100.For above-mentioned scheme, because no matter series excited machine is work in high-speed cruising state or low-speed run state, all driven by alternating current, so series excited machine easily occurs following problem when low cruise:
(1) iron loss, copper loss is excessive and efficiency is low;
(2) temperature rise of stator, rotor and brush is too high;
(3) starting resistor is too high and cause startability poor;
(4) noise is large.
In order to solve series excited machine the problems referred to above existing when low cruise, prior art provides another kind of scheme, as shown in Figure 2, the program is on the basis of scheme shown in Fig. 1, add that to form direct current after alternating current that filter rectifier 900 pairs of semiconductor switch devices 200 export carries out filtering and rectification process be that series excited machine is powered, its iron loss and copper loss can be reduced like this when series excited machine is in low-speed run state, reduce the temperature rise of stator, rotor and brush, improve startability and reduce noise.But, above-mentioned effect is realized when low cruise because direct current supply mode is only applicable to series excited machine, but this is not also suitable for series excited machine and realizes high-speed cruising, the mode of direct current supply can cause series excited machine when high-speed cruising because brush left and right partial wear is serious shortening brush life and the large problem of noise.
In summary, prior art cannot realize when series excited machine low cruise reducing motor iron loss and copper loss, raising electric efficiency, reducing the temperature rise of motor stator, rotor and brush and improve the startability of motor, and reduces brush partial wear when series excited machine high-speed cruising, extend brush life and reduce noise.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of series excited machine control system, be intended to solve cannot realize when series excited machine low cruise existing for prior art reduce motor iron loss and copper loss, raising electric efficiency, reduce the temperature rise of motor stator, rotor and brush and improve the startability of motor, and reduce brush partial wear when series excited machine high-speed cruising, extend brush life and the problem of reduction noise.
The present invention realizes like this, a kind of series excited machine control system, it is connected with host computer, and comprise alternating current output circuit, direct current output circuit, rotating speed diverter switch and turn to diverter switch, under the control of described host computer, described alternating current output circuit exports corresponding positive half wave alternating current according to the rotating speed of series excited machine, and export negative half alternating current wave simultaneously, described direct current output circuit exports direct current after carrying out AC-DC conversion process to described positive half wave alternating current and described negative half alternating current wave, described rotating speed diverter switch carries out high low speed switching controls to described series excited machine under the control of described host computer, the described diverter switch that turns to turns to switching controls to described series excited machine under the control of described host computer,
Described series excited machine control system also comprises the first power switching switch and the second power switching switch;
When described series excited machine is switched to high-speed cruising state by rotating speed diverter switch described in described PC control, described positive half wave alternating current and described negative half alternating current wave are exported to described rotating speed diverter switch and describedly turn to diverter switch by the first power switching switch described in described PC control and described second power switching switch respectively;
When described series excited machine is switched to low-speed run state by rotating speed diverter switch described in described PC control, described in described PC control, the first power switching switch exports described direct current to described rotating speed diverter switch, and control simultaneously described second power switching switch stop described negative half alternating current wave to export to described in turn to diverter switch.
In summary, when series excited machine needs to switch to high-speed cruising state, respectively by the first power switching switch and the second power switching switch positive half wave alternating current and negative half alternating current wave are exported to rotating speed diverter switch and turn to diverter switch, high-speed cruising is realized when Alternating Current Power Supply to make series excited machine, and then overcome series excited machine in direct current supply and high-speed cruising time the brush partial wear that occurs serious problem, contribute to extending brush life and reducing noise; And when series excited machine needs to switch to low-speed run state, first power switching switch exports direct current to rotating speed diverter switch, and the second power switching switch stops negative half alternating current wave to export to turn to diverter switch, low cruise is realized when direct current supply to make series excited machine, thus can effectively reduce the iron loss of series excited machine and copper loss, raising series excited machine efficiency, improve the startability of series excited machine and reduce the temperature rise of motor stator, rotor and brush, and be conducive to extending brush life and reducing noise.
The invention provides another kind of series excited machine control system, it is connected with host computer, and comprise mains switch, motor speed measuring circuit, main control chip, rotating speed diverter switch and turn to diverter switch, described mains switch closes and introduces positive half wave alternating current from AC power under the control of described host computer, described motor speed measuring circuit carries out Rotating speed measring to series excited machine and feeds back motor speed signal to described main control chip, described rotating speed diverter switch carries out high low speed switching controls to described series excited machine under the control of described host computer, the described diverter switch that turns to turns to switching controls to described series excited machine under the control of described host computer,
Described series excited machine control system also comprises: filter circuit, regulator rectifier circuit, current sampling circuit, device for power switching, the first power switching switch and the second power switching switch;
Described filter circuit exports described regulator rectifier circuit to after carrying out filtering process to described positive half wave alternating current, described regulator rectifier circuit exports direct current to described first power switching switch after carrying out rectifying and voltage-stabilizing process to negative half alternating current wave that the positive half wave alternating current processed after filtering and described AC power export, described current sampling circuit carries out detection to the loop current of described regulator rectifier circuit and feedback current sampled signal extremely described main control chip, described main control chip exports copped wave processing signals according to described motor speed signal and described current sampling signal, described device for power switching feeds back to described regulator rectifier circuit after carrying out copped wave process according to described copped wave processing signals to the loop direct current that described first power switching switch exports,
When described series excited machine is switched to high-speed cruising state by rotating speed diverter switch described in described PC control, described positive half wave alternating current and described negative half alternating current wave are exported to described rotating speed diverter switch and describedly turn to diverter switch by the first power switching switch described in described PC control and described second power switching switch respectively;
When described series excited machine is switched to low-speed run state by rotating speed diverter switch described in described PC control, described in described PC control, the first power switching switch exports described direct current to described rotating speed diverter switch, and control simultaneously described second power switching switch stop described negative half alternating current wave to export to described in turn to diverter switch.
For above-mentioned another kind of series excited machine control system, it is when series excited machine needs to switch to high-speed cruising state, positive half wave alternating current AC power exported respectively by the first power switching switch and the second power switching switch and negative half alternating current wave export rotating speed diverter switch to and turn to diverter switch, high-speed cruising is realized when Alternating Current Power Supply to make series excited machine, and then overcome series excited machine in direct current supply and high-speed cruising time the brush partial wear that occurs serious problem, contribute to extending brush life and reducing noise, and when series excited machine needs to switch to low-speed run state, the direct current after copped wave process is exported to rotating speed diverter switch by the first power switching switch, and control the second power switching switch simultaneously and stop negative half alternating current wave to export to turn to diverter switch, low cruise is realized when direct current supply to make series excited machine, thus can iron loss and the copper loss of series excited machine effectively reduced, improve the efficiency of series excited machine, improve the startability of series excited machine and reduce motor stator, while the temperature rise of rotor and brush, the static magnetic field iron loss of further reduction series excited machine, and be conducive to extending brush life and reducing noise.
Based on the control action that above-mentioned two kinds of series excited machine control system realize series excited machine, of the present inventionly additionally provide a kind of series excited machine comprising any one series excited machine control system above-mentioned, on the front end housing that series excited machine control system can be arranged at series excited machine or rear end cap.
Because series excited machine can be applicable in washing machine, so present invention also offers a kind of washing machine, it comprises host computer and above-mentioned series excited machine.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the existing series excited machine control program involved by background technology;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the existing series excited machine control program of another kind involved by background technology;
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of the series excited machine involved by the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of the series excited machine control system that first embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 5 is the electric efficiency testing and simulation comparison diagram involved by first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the end view of the series excited machine involved by the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the exemplary circuit structure chart of the series excited machine control system shown in Fig. 4;
Fig. 8 is the structure chart of the series excited machine control system that second embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 9 is the electric efficiency testing and simulation comparison diagram involved by second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is another structure chart of the series excited machine control system that second embodiment of the invention provides;
Figure 11 is the exemplary circuit structure chart of the series excited machine control system shown in Fig. 8;
Figure 12 is the exemplary circuit structure chart of the series excited machine control system shown in Figure 10.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention is applied as example with series excited machine in washing machine, series excited machine and control system thereof are described in detail, washing machine comprises host computer and series excited machine, series excited machine comprises series excited machine control system, and series excited machine set-up of control system is on the front end housing or rear end cap of series excited machine (as shown in Figure 3), host computer, by controlling series excited machine control system, switches to realize high low-speed run state to series excited machine and turns to switching.
Below solve specific embodiment to be described in detail to above-mentioned series excited machine control system:
embodiment one:
Fig. 4 shows the structure of the series excited machine control system that first embodiment of the invention provides, and for convenience of explanation, illustrate only the part relevant to first embodiment of the invention, details are as follows:
Series excited machine control system 100 is connected with host computer 200, and comprise alternating current output circuit 101, direct current output circuit 102, rotating speed diverter switch 103 and turn to diverter switch 104, under the control of host computer 200, alternating current output circuit 101 exports corresponding positive half wave alternating current according to the rotating speed of series excited machine 300, and export negative half alternating current wave simultaneously, direct current output circuit 102 exports direct current after carrying out AC-DC conversion process to this positive half wave alternating current and negative half alternating current wave, rotating speed diverter switch 103 carries out high low speed switching controls to series excited machine 300 under the control of host computer 200, diverter switch 104 is turned to turn to switching controls to series excited machine 300 under the control of host computer 200.
Series excited machine control system 100 also comprises the first power switching switch 105 and the second power switching switch 106, first power switching switch 105 is all connected with host computer 200 with the second power switching switch 106, first input end and second input of the first power switching switch 105 are connected the positive output end of alternating current output circuit 101 and the positive input terminal of direct current output circuit 102 respectively, second input and the output of the first power switching switch 105 are connected output and the rotating speed diverter switch 103 of direct current output circuit 102 respectively, the first input end of the second power switching switch 106 connects the earth terminal of direct current output circuit 102, second output of the second power switching switch 106 connects the negative output terminal of alternating current output circuit 101 and the negative input end of direct current output circuit 102, the output connection of the second power switching switch 106 turns to diverter switch 104, positive output end and the negative output terminal of alternating current output circuit 101 are connected positive input terminal and the negative input end of direct current output circuit 102 respectively, alternating current output circuit 101 also connects first of series excited machine 300 line 31 and second that tests the speed and to test the speed line 32, rotating speed diverter switch 103 with turn to diverter switch 104 and be all connected host computer 200, and rotating speed diverter switch 103 also connects the first stator line 301 and the 3rd stator line 303 of series excited machine 300, diverter switch 104 is turned to also to connect the first brush wire 310, second brush wire 320 and the second stator line 302 of series excited machine 300.
When host computer 200 control rotating speed diverter switch 103 series excited machine 300 switched to high-speed cruising state time, host computer 200 controls the first power switching switch 105 and above-mentioned positive half wave alternating current and negative half alternating current wave are exported to rotating speed diverter switch 103 and turn to diverter switch 104 by the second power switching switch 106 respectively.
When host computer 200 control rotating speed diverter switch 103 series excited machine 300 switched to low-speed run state time, host computer 200 controls the first power switching switch 105 and exports above-mentioned direct current to rotating speed diverter switch 103, and controls the second power switching switch 106 simultaneously and stop above-mentioned negative half alternating current wave to export to turn to diverter switch 104.
Therefore, when series excited machine 300 needs to switch to high-speed cruising state, respectively by the first power switching switch 105 and the second power switching switch 106 positive half wave alternating current and negative half alternating current wave are exported to rotating speed diverter switch 103 and turn to diverter switch 104, high-speed cruising is realized when Alternating Current Power Supply to make series excited machine 300, and then overcome series excited machine 300 in direct current supply and high-speed cruising time the brush partial wear that occurs serious problem, contribute to extending brush life and reducing noise, and when series excited machine 300 needs to switch to low-speed run state, direct current is exported to rotating speed diverter switch 103 by the first power switching switch 105, and the second power switching switch 106 stops negative half alternating current wave to export to turn to diverter switch 104, low cruise is realized when direct current supply to make series excited machine 300, thus effectively can reduce iron loss and the copper loss of series excited machine 300, improve the efficiency of series excited machine 300, improve the startability of series excited machine and reduce motor stator, the temperature rise of rotor and brush, and be conducive to extending brush life and reducing noise.
Wherein, for the efficiency improving series excited machine 300, can refer to the electric efficiency testing and simulation comparison diagram shown in Fig. 5, for the existing motor control schemes shown in Fig. 1, the curve L1 in Fig. 5 and curve L2 is respectively the testing efficiency change curve of series excited machine under rotating speed is fixed as 600rpm (rev/min) and different torque and simulation efficiency change curve; And under the control of above-mentioned series excited machine control system 100, the testing efficiency change curve of series excited machine and simulation efficiency change curve are respectively curve L3 in Fig. 5 and curve L4.By L3 and L4 is more known with L1 and L2 respectively, under the control of series excited machine control system 100, the efficiency of series excited machine 300 improves about 10% ~ 15% relative to prior art.
For the temperature rise reducing motor stator, rotor and brush, for same series excited machine, in the scheme that the scheme shown in application drawing 1 and the present embodiment Fig. 4 respectively provide, according to rotating speed be 710rpm, torque is for 0.6N.m and the temperature rise test data obtained after turning to the test condition for the CW that turns clockwise to run 30 minutes is continuously as shown in the table:
As can be known from the above table, under the control of the series excited machine control system provided at the present embodiment Fig. 4, the stator temperature rise of series excited machine when low cruise reduces about 20K relative to the stator temperature rise of Fig. 1 scheme, rotor temperature rise reduces about 30K, reduce about 40 DEG C in the temperature of the left brush (as shown in Figure 6) of the terminal board side of series excited machine, reduce about 50 DEG C in the temperature of the right brush (as shown in Figure 6) of the non-terminal board side of series excited machine.
Concrete, Fig. 7 shows the exemplary circuit structure of above-mentioned series excited machine control system, and details are as follows:
Alternating current output circuit 101 comprises AC power AC, the first relay K 1, thyristor SCR, the first piezo-resistance TVR1, main control chip 1011 and motor speed measuring circuit 1012;
The positive output end of AC power AC connects the moving contact of the first relay K 1, the normally opened contact of the first relay K 1 connects the collector electrode of thyristor SCR and the first end of the first piezo-resistance TVR1, the emitter of thyristor SCR and the negative output terminal of AC power AC are respectively as the positive output end of alternating current output circuit 101 and negative output terminal, main control chip 1011 connects base stage and the motor speed measuring circuit 1012 of thyristor SCR, and motor speed measuring circuit 1012 also connects first of series excited machine 300 line 31 and second that tests the speed and to test the speed line 32.
First relay K 1 closes and introduces the positive half wave of alternating current to thyristor SCR from AC power AC under the control of host computer 200, motor speed measuring circuit 1012 pairs of series excited machines 300 carry out Rotating speed measring and feed back motor speed signal to main control chip 1011, and main control chip 1011 exports the copped wave processing signals with corresponding duty ratio according to this motor speed signal and carries out copped wave process to control thyristor SCR to the positive half wave of alternating current.Wherein, thyristor SCR can also replace with the semiconductor device that any one possesses switching characteristic.
Direct current output circuit 102 comprises:
Inductance L, electric capacity C, resistance R, rectifier bridge BD and the second piezo-resistance TVR2;
The first end of inductance L is the positive input terminal of direct current output circuit 102, second end of inductance L and the positive input terminal 1 of rectifier bridge BD are connected to the first end of electric capacity C altogether, the first end of the second end contact resistance R of electric capacity C, the common contact of second end of resistance R and the negative input end 2 of rectifier bridge BD is the negative input end of direct current output circuit 102, the common contact of the output 3 of rectifier bridge BD and the first end of the second piezo-resistance TVR2 is the output of direct current output circuit 102, the common contact of the ground end 4 of rectifier bridge BD and second end of the second piezo-resistance TVR2 is the earth terminal of direct current output circuit 102.Wherein, inductance L and electric capacity C form LC filter circuit and carry out filtering process to the positive half wave of alternating current, and rectifier bridge BD exports direct current after carrying out rectification process to alternating current.
Rotating speed diverter switch 103 is specially the second relay K 2, the moving contact 3 of the second relay K 2 connects the output of the first power switching switch 105, and the first fixed contact 1 and second fixed contact 2 of the second relay K 2 are connected the first stator line 301 and the 3rd stator line 303 of series excited machine 300 respectively.Wherein, second relay K 2 carries out high low speed switching controls according to the control of host computer 200 to series excited machine 300, when the moving contact 3 of the second relay K 2 is communicated with the first fixed contact 1, series excited machine 300 enters low-speed run state, and when the moving contact 3 of the second relay K 2 is communicated with the second fixed contact 2, series excited machine 300 enters high-speed cruising state.
Diverter switch 104 is turned to comprise the 3rd relay K 3 and the 4th relay K 4, 3rd relay K 3 and the 4th relay K 4 are all connected with host computer 200, the moving contact of the 3rd relay K 3 connects the output of the second power switching switch 106, first fixed contact 1 of the 3rd relay K 3 and the first fixed contact 1 of the 4th relay K 4 are connected to the first brush wire 310 of series excited machine 300 altogether, second fixed contact 2 of the 3rd relay K 3 and the second fixed contact 2 of the 4th relay K 4 are connected to the second brush wire 320 of series excited machine 300 altogether, the moving contact 3 of the 4th relay K 4 connects the second stator line 302 of series excited machine 300.
Wherein, 3rd relay K 3 and the 4th relay K 4 turn to switching controls to series excited machine 300 under the control of host computer 200, when the moving contact 3 of the 3rd relay K 3 to connect the brush wire 310 of series excited machine 300 by its first fixed contact 1, and the moving contact 3 of the 4th relay K 4 is when connecting the brush wire 320 of series excited machine 300 by its second fixed contact 2, series excited machine 300 is for rotating forward; When the moving contact 3 of the 3rd relay K 3 to connect the brush wire 320 of series excited machine 300 by its second fixed contact 2, and when the moving contact 3 of the 4th relay K 4 connects the brush wire 310 of series excited machine 300 by its first fixed contact 1, series excited machine 300 is for rotating backward.
First power switching switch 105 is specially the first fixed contact 1, second fixed contact 2 of the 5th relay K the 5, five relay K 5 and moving contact 3 and is respectively the first input end of the first power switching switch 105, the second input and output.
Second power switching switch 106 is specially the first fixed contact 1, second fixed contact 2 of the 6th relay K the 6, six relay K 6 and moving contact 3 and is respectively the first input end of the second power switching switch 106, the second input and output.
Wherein, when host computer 200 control the second relay K 2 series excited machine 300 switched to high-speed cruising state time, the first fixed contact 1 that host computer 200 controls the 5th relay K 5 is communicated with moving contact 3, and the second fixed contact 2 simultaneously controlling the 6th relay K 6 is communicated with moving contact 3.When host computer 200 control the second relay K 2 series excited machine 300 switched to low-speed run state time, the second fixed contact 2 that host computer 200 controls the 5th relay K 5 is communicated with moving contact 3, and the first fixed contact 1 simultaneously controlling the 6th relay K 6 is communicated with moving contact 3.
For above-mentioned series excited machine control system, motor speed measuring circuit 103 is the conventional circuit detected motor speed, main control chip 104 can be specifically the conventional integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising microprocessing unit and drive circuit, the motor speed signal that microprocessing unit feeds back according to motor speed measuring circuit 103 outputs control signals to drive circuit, drive circuit exports according to this control signal the duty cycle of switching that corresponding copped wave processing signals controls above-mentioned thyristor SCR, thus make thyristor SCR correspondingly carry out copped wave process to the positive half wave of alternating current, inductance L and electric capacity C form LC filter circuit and carry out filtering process to the above-mentioned positive half wave alternating current through copped wave process, then direct current is exported to the 5th relay K 5 after rectification process being carried out to negative half alternating current wave that the positive half wave alternating current processed after filtering and AC power AC export by rectifier bridge BD, the supply power mode of series excited machine 300 is switched under the control of host computer 200 by the 5th relay K 5 and the 6th relay K 6, series excited machine 300 can be made can to realize high-speed cruising when Alternating Current Power Supply, and realize low cruise when direct current supply.
embodiment two:
Fig. 8 shows the structure of the series excited machine control system that second embodiment of the invention provides, and for convenience of explanation, illustrate only the part relevant to second embodiment of the invention, details are as follows:
Series excited machine control system 100 is connected with host computer 200, and comprises mains switch 101, motor speed measuring circuit 102, main control chip 103, rotating speed diverter switch 104 and turn to diverter switch 105; Mains switch 101 closes and introduces positive half wave alternating current from AC power AC under the control of host computer 200, motor speed measuring circuit 102 pairs of series excited machines 300 carry out Rotating speed measring and feed back motor speed signal to main control chip 103, rotating speed diverter switch 104 carries out high low speed switching controls to series excited machine 300 under the control of host computer 200, turns to diverter switch 104 to turn to switching controls to series excited machine 300 under the control of host computer 200.
Series excited machine control system 100 also comprises: filter circuit 106, regulator rectifier circuit 107, current sampling circuit 108, device for power switching 109, first power switching switch 110 and the second power switching switch 111.
Between the output that filter circuit 106 is connected to mains switch 101 and the negative output terminal of AC power AC, the positive input terminal of regulator rectifier circuit 107 and the first input end of the first power switching switch 111 are connected to the output of mains switch 101 altogether, the negative input end of regulator rectifier circuit 107 connects the negative output terminal of AC power AC, the output of regulator rectifier circuit 107 connects the second input of the first power switching switch 111, the current output terminal of current sampling circuit 108 connects earth terminal and the main control chip 103 of regulator rectifier circuit 107 respectively with being connected sampled signal output, the current input terminal of current sampling circuit 108 connects the output of device for power switching 109, the input of device for power switching 109 connects the DC output end of the second power switching switch 110, the controlled end of device for power switching 109 connects main control chip 103, the output of the first power switching switch 110 connects rotating speed diverter switch 104, ac input end and the two directions' inputing output of the second power switching switch 111 are connected the negative output terminal of AC power AC respectively and turn to diverter switch 105, the input of mains switch 101 connects the positive output end of AC power AC, motor speed measuring circuit 102 connects first of series excited machine 300 line 31 and second that tests the speed and to test the speed line 32, and motor speed measuring circuit 102 is also connected with main control chip 103, rotating speed diverter switch 104 with turn to diverter switch 105 and be all connected host computer 200, and rotating speed diverter switch 104 also connects the first stator line 301 and the 3rd stator line 303 of series excited machine 300, diverter switch 105 is turned to also to connect the first brush wire 310, second brush wire 320 and the second stator line 302 of series excited machine 300.
Filter circuit 106 exports regulator rectifier circuit 107 to after carrying out filtering process to above-mentioned positive half wave alternating current, regulator rectifier circuit 107 exports direct current to the first power switching switch 110 after carrying out rectifying and voltage-stabilizing process to negative half alternating current wave that the positive half wave alternating current processed after filtering and AC power AC export, the loop current (being namely the electric current being back to the earth terminal of regulator rectifier circuit 107 from the second power switching switch 112) of current sampling circuit 108 pairs of regulator rectifier circuits 107 carry out detection and feedback current sampled signal to main control chip 103, main control chip 103 exports copped wave processing signals according to above-mentioned motor speed signal and current sampling signal, device for power switching 109 feeds back to regulator rectifier circuit 107 after carrying out copped wave process according to this copped wave processing signals to the loop direct current that the second power switching switch 111 exports.
Owing to exporting direct current from regulator rectifier circuit 107 through the first power switching switch 111, rotating speed diverter switch 104, series excited machine 300, diverter switch 105 and the second power switching switch 112 is turned to return the earth terminal of regulator rectifier circuit 107 again, which forms a loop, so the loop direct current that said second power switching switch 111 exports is actually identical with the above-mentioned direct current that regulator rectifier circuit 107 exports herein, device for power switching 109 pairs of loop direct currents carry out copped wave process and in fact namely carry out copped wave process to realize voltage modulated to direct current to the direct current that regulator rectifier circuit 107 exports.
When host computer 200 control rotating speed diverter switch 104 series excited machine 300 switched to high-speed cruising state time, host computer 200 controls the first power switching switch 110 and above-mentioned positive half wave alternating current and negative half alternating current wave are exported to rotating speed diverter switch 104 and turn to diverter switch 105 by the second power switching switch 111 respectively.
When host computer 200 control rotating speed diverter switch 104 series excited machine 300 switched to low-speed run state time, host computer 200 control that regulator rectifier circuit 107 exports by the first power switching switch 110 direct current export rotating speed diverter switch 104 to, and control the second power switching switch 111 simultaneously and stop above-mentioned negative half alternating current wave to export to turn to diverter switch 105.
For above-mentioned series excited machine control system 100, it is when series excited machine 300 needs to switch to high-speed cruising state, the positive half wave alternating current exported by AC power AC respectively by the first power switching switch 110 and the second power switching switch 111 and negative half alternating current wave export rotating speed diverter switch 104 to and turn to diverter switch 105, high-speed cruising is realized when Alternating Current Power Supply to make series excited machine 300, and then overcome series excited machine in direct current supply and high-speed cruising time the brush partial wear that occurs serious problem, contribute to extending brush life and reducing noise, and when series excited machine 300 needs to switch to low-speed run state, the direct current after copped wave process is exported to rotating speed diverter switch 104 by the first power switching switch 110, and control the second power switching switch 111 simultaneously and stop negative half alternating current wave to export to turn to diverter switch 105, low cruise is realized when direct current supply to make series excited machine 300, thus can iron loss and the copper loss of series excited machine effectively reduced, improve the efficiency of series excited machine, improve the startability of series excited machine and reduce motor stator, while the temperature rise of rotor and brush, the static magnetic field iron loss of further reduction series excited machine, and be conducive to extending brush life and reducing noise.
Wherein, for the efficiency improving series excited machine 300, can refer to the electric efficiency testing and simulation comparison diagram shown in Fig. 9, for the existing motor control schemes shown in Fig. 1, the curve L1 in Fig. 9 and curve L2 is respectively the testing efficiency change curve of series excited machine under rotating speed is fixed as 600rpm (rev/min) and different torque and simulation efficiency change curve; And under the control of above-mentioned series excited machine control system 100, the testing efficiency change curve of series excited machine and simulation efficiency change curve are respectively curve L5 in Fig. 9 and curve L6.By L5 and L6 is more known with L1 and L2 respectively, under the control of series excited machine control system 100, the efficiency of series excited machine 300 improves about 15% ~ 20% relative to prior art.
For the temperature rise reducing motor stator, rotor and brush, for same series excited machine, in the scheme that the scheme shown in application drawing 1 and the present embodiment Fig. 8 respectively provide, according to rotating speed be 710rpm, torque is for 0.6N.m and the temperature rise test data obtained after turning to the test condition for the CW that turns clockwise to run 30 minutes is continuously as shown in the table:
As can be known from the above table, under the control of the series excited machine control system provided at the present embodiment Fig. 4, the stator temperature rise of series excited machine when low cruise reduces about 30K relative to the stator temperature rise of Fig. 1 scheme, rotor temperature rise reduces about 40K, reduce about 50 DEG C in the temperature of the left brush (as shown in Figure 6) of the terminal board side of series excited machine, reduce about 60 DEG C in the temperature of the right brush (as shown in Figure 6) of the non-terminal board side of series excited machine.
In addition, when series excited machine 300 is when the process interrupt of low cruise is electric, in order to by the winding in series excited machine 300 the electric current that remains discharge, series excited machine control system 100 also can comprise diode D, as shown in Figure 10, the anode of diode D is connected the DC output end of the second power switching switch 111 and the second input of the first power switching switch 110 respectively with negative electrode.Due to the existence of diode D, the winding in series excited machine 300 the electric current that remains can be discharged by the electric current release loop turning to diverter switch 105, second power switching switch 111, diode D and the first power switching switch 110 to be formed successively.
Concrete, Figure 11 (corresponding diagram 8) and Figure 12 (corresponding Figure 10) shows the exemplary circuit structure of above-mentioned series excited machine control system, and details are as follows:
Mains switch 101 is specially the first relay K 1, first relay K 1 and connects host computer 200, and the moving contact of the first relay K 1 and normally opened contact are respectively input and the output of mains switch 101.Wherein, the first relay K 1 closes and introduces the positive half wave of alternating current from AC power AC under the control of host computer 200.
Motor speed measuring circuit 102 is the conventional circuit detected motor speed; Main control chip 103 can be specifically the conventional integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising microprocessing unit and drive circuit.Wherein, motor speed measuring circuit 102 pairs of series excited machines 300 carry out Rotating speed measring and feed back motor speed signal to main control chip 103.
Rotating speed diverter switch 104 is specially the second relay K 2, the moving contact 3 of the second relay K 2 connects the output of the first power switching switch 106, and the first fixed contact 1 and second fixed contact 2 of the second relay K 2 are connected the first stator line 301 and the 3rd stator line 303 of series excited machine 300 respectively.Wherein, second relay K 2 carries out high low speed switching controls according to the control of host computer 200 to series excited machine 300, when the moving contact 3 of the second relay K 2 is communicated with the first fixed contact 1, series excited machine 300 enters low-speed run state, and when the moving contact 3 of the second relay K 2 is communicated with the second fixed contact 2, series excited machine 300 enters high-speed cruising state.
Diverter switch 105 is turned to comprise the 3rd relay K 3 and the 4th relay K 4, 3rd relay K 3 and the 4th relay K 4 are all connected with host computer 200, the moving contact of the 3rd relay K 3 connects the output of the second power switching switch 107, first fixed contact 1 of the 3rd relay K 3 and the first fixed contact 1 of the 4th relay K 4 are connected to the first brush wire 310 of series excited machine 300 altogether, second fixed contact 2 of the 3rd relay K 3 and the second fixed contact 2 of the 4th relay K 4 are connected to the second brush wire 320 of series excited machine 300 altogether, the moving contact 3 of the 4th relay K 4 connects the second stator line 302 of series excited machine 300.
Wherein, 3rd relay K 3 and the 4th relay K 4 turn to switching controls to series excited machine 300 under the control of host computer 200, when the moving contact 3 of the 3rd relay K 3 to connect the brush wire 310 of series excited machine 300 by its first fixed contact 1, and the moving contact 3 of the 4th relay K 4 is when connecting the brush wire 320 of series excited machine 300 by its second fixed contact 2, series excited machine 300 is for rotating forward; When the moving contact 3 of the 3rd relay K 3 to connect the brush wire 320 of series excited machine 300 by its second fixed contact 2, and when the moving contact 3 of the 4th relay K 4 connects the brush wire 310 of series excited machine 300 by its first fixed contact 1, series excited machine 300 is for rotating backward.
Filter circuit 106 comprises the first electric capacity C1 and the first resistance R1, the first end of the first electric capacity C1 connects the output (i.e. the normally opened contact of the first relay K 1) of mains switch 101, second end of the first electric capacity C1 connects the first end of the first resistance R1, and second end of the first resistance R1 connects the negative output terminal of AC power AC.
Regulator rectifier circuit 107 comprises:
Rectifier bridge BD, piezo-resistance TVR and electrochemical capacitor C;
The positive input terminal 1 of rectifier bridge BD and negative input end 2 are respectively positive input terminal and the negative input end of regulator rectifier circuit 107, the output 3 of rectifier bridge BD connects with the first end of piezo-resistance TVR and the first end of electrochemical capacitor C the output that formed common contact is regulator rectifier circuit 104 altogether, and the ground end 4 of rectifier bridge BD connects with second end of piezo-resistance TVR and second end of electrochemical capacitor C the earth terminal that formed common contact is regulator rectifier circuit 107 altogether.Wherein, rectifier bridge BD exports direct current after being used for carrying out rectification process to negative half alternating current wave that the positive half wave alternating current after circuit 106 filtering process after filtering and AC power AC export, and this direct current exports the 5th relay K 5 to after carrying out voltage stabilizing process by electrochemical capacitor C.
Current sampling circuit 108 comprises:
Sampling resistor Rs, the second resistance R2, the second electric capacity C2, the 3rd resistance R3, the 4th resistance R4, operational amplifier U, the 5th resistance R5 and the 3rd electric capacity C3;
The first end of sampling resistor Rs and the second end are respectively current input terminal and the current output terminal of current sampling circuit 110, the first end of the second resistance R2 connects the first end of sampling resistor Rs, second end of the second resistance R2 and the first end of the second electric capacity C2 are connected to the first end of the 3rd resistance R3 altogether, the second end ground connection of the second electric capacity C2, the in-phase input end of the second end concatenation operation amplifier U of the 3rd resistance R3, the first end ground connection of the 4th resistance R4, second end of the 4th resistance R4 and the first end of the 5th resistance R5 are connected to the inverting input of operational amplifier U altogether, the common contact of second end of the 5th resistance R5 and the output of operational amplifier U is the sampled signal output of current sampling circuit 110, the positive power source terminal of operational amplifier U and the first end of the 3rd electric capacity C3 are connected to DC power supply VCC altogether, the negative power end of operational amplifier U and the equal ground connection of the second end of the 3rd electric capacity C3.
Device for power switching 109 can be specifically metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor, IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor) or other possess the semiconductor device of switching characteristic.As shown in figure 11, device for power switching 109 is metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor, and the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor, source electrode and grid are respectively the input of device for power switching 109, output and controlled end.When device for power switching 109 is IGBT (not shown), the drain electrode of IGBT, source electrode and grid are respectively the input of device for power switching 109, output and controlled end.
First power switching switch 110 is specially the first fixed contact 1, second fixed contact 2 of the 5th relay K the 5, five relay K 5 and moving contact 3 and is respectively the first input end of the first power switching switch 110, the second input and output.
Second power switching switch 111 is specially the first fixed contact 1, second fixed contact 2 of the 6th relay K the 6, six relay K 6 and moving contact 3 and is respectively the DC output end of the second power switching switch 111, ac input end and two directions' inputing output.
Wherein, when host computer 200 control the second relay K 2 series excited machine 300 switched to high-speed cruising state time, the first fixed contact 1 that host computer 200 controls the 5th relay K 5 is communicated with moving contact 3, and the second fixed contact 2 simultaneously controlling the 6th relay K 6 is communicated with moving contact 3.When host computer 200 control the second relay K 2 series excited machine 300 switched to low-speed run state time, the second fixed contact 2 that host computer 200 controls the 5th relay K 5 is communicated with moving contact 3, and the first fixed contact 1 simultaneously controlling the 6th relay K 6 is communicated with moving contact 3.
For above-mentioned series excited machine control system 100, wherein by operational amplifier U, differential amplification is carried out to obtain corresponding current sampling signal to the voltage on sampling resistor Rs; The motor speed signal that main control chip 103 feeds back with this current sampling signal and motor speed measuring circuit 102 as a reference, and correspondingly export the duty cycle of switching that copped wave processing signals controls device for power switching 109, thus the direct current making device for power switching 109 can export regulator rectifier circuit 107 carries out corresponding copped wave process to adjust this galvanic voltage, and export the 5th relay K 5 to, thus the static magnetic field iron loss of series excited machine 300 low cruise under direct current supply can be reduced.Therefore, under the control of host computer 200, the supply power mode of series excited machine 300 is switched by the 5th relay K 5 and the 6th relay K 6, series excited machine 300 can be made can to realize high-speed cruising when Alternating Current Power Supply, and realize low cruise when direct current supply.
In sum, in the series excited machine control system that first embodiment of the invention and the second embodiment provide, all can carry out Alternating Current Power Supply when series excited machine is in high-speed cruising state to it, and when series excited machine is in low-speed run state, direct current supply is carried out to it, thus overcome series excited machine in direct current supply and high-speed cruising time the brush partial wear that occurs serious problem, contribute to extending brush life and reducing noise; And can effectively reduce when series excited machine low cruise the iron loss of series excited machine and copper loss, raising series excited machine efficiency, improve the startability of series excited machine and reduce the temperature rise of motor stator, rotor and brush, and be conducive to extending brush life and reducing noise.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. a series excited machine control system, it is connected with host computer, and comprise alternating current output circuit, direct current output circuit, rotating speed diverter switch and turn to diverter switch, under the control of described host computer, described alternating current output circuit exports corresponding positive half wave alternating current according to the rotating speed of series excited machine, and export negative half alternating current wave simultaneously, described direct current output circuit exports direct current after carrying out AC-DC conversion process to described positive half wave alternating current and described negative half alternating current wave, described rotating speed diverter switch carries out high low speed switching controls to described series excited machine under the control of described host computer, the described diverter switch that turns to turns to switching controls to described series excited machine under the control of described host computer, it is characterized in that:
Described series excited machine control system also comprises the first power switching switch and the second power switching switch;
When described series excited machine is switched to high-speed cruising state by rotating speed diverter switch described in described PC control, described positive half wave alternating current and described negative half alternating current wave are exported to described rotating speed diverter switch and describedly turn to diverter switch by the first power switching switch described in described PC control and described second power switching switch respectively;
When described series excited machine is switched to low-speed run state by rotating speed diverter switch described in described PC control, described in described PC control, the first power switching switch exports described direct current to described rotating speed diverter switch, and control simultaneously described second power switching switch stop described negative half alternating current wave to export to described in turn to diverter switch.
2. the series excited machine control system as shown in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first power switching switch is the 5th relay, and the first fixed contact of described 5th relay, the second fixed contact and moving contact are respectively the first input end of described first power switching switch, the second input and output.
3. the series excited machine control system as shown in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described second power switching switch is the 6th relay, and the first fixed contact of described 6th relay, the second fixed contact and moving contact are respectively the first input end of described second power switching switch, the second input and output.
4. a series excited machine, it has front end housing and rear end cap, it is characterized in that, described series excited machine also comprises the series excited machine control system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, and described series excited machine set-up of control system is on the front end housing or rear end cap of described series excited machine.
5. a washing machine, comprises host computer, it is characterized in that, described washing machine also comprises series excited machine as claimed in claim 4.
6. a series excited machine control system, it is connected with host computer, and comprise mains switch, motor speed measuring circuit, main control chip, rotating speed diverter switch and turn to diverter switch, described mains switch closes and introduces positive half wave alternating current from AC power under the control of described host computer, described motor speed measuring circuit carries out Rotating speed measring to series excited machine and feeds back motor speed signal to described main control chip, described rotating speed diverter switch carries out high low speed switching controls to described series excited machine under the control of described host computer, the described diverter switch that turns to turns to switching controls to described series excited machine under the control of described host computer, it is characterized in that:
Described series excited machine control system also comprises: filter circuit, regulator rectifier circuit, current sampling circuit, device for power switching, the first power switching switch and the second power switching switch;
Described filter circuit exports described regulator rectifier circuit to after carrying out filtering process to described positive half wave alternating current, described regulator rectifier circuit exports direct current to described first power switching switch after carrying out rectifying and voltage-stabilizing process to negative half alternating current wave that the positive half wave alternating current processed after filtering and described AC power export, described current sampling circuit carries out detection to the loop current of described regulator rectifier circuit and feedback current sampled signal extremely described main control chip, described main control chip exports copped wave processing signals according to described motor speed signal and described current sampling signal, described device for power switching feeds back to described regulator rectifier circuit after carrying out copped wave process according to described copped wave processing signals to the loop direct current that described second power switching switch exports,
When described series excited machine is switched to high-speed cruising state by rotating speed diverter switch described in described PC control, described positive half wave alternating current and described negative half alternating current wave are exported to described rotating speed diverter switch and describedly turn to diverter switch by the first power switching switch described in described PC control and described second power switching switch respectively;
When described series excited machine is switched to low-speed run state by rotating speed diverter switch described in described PC control, described in described PC control, the first power switching switch exports described direct current to described rotating speed diverter switch, and control simultaneously described second power switching switch stop described negative half alternating current wave to export to described in turn to diverter switch.
7. series excited machine control system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described series excited machine control system also comprises diode, and anode and the negative electrode of described diode are connected the DC output end of described second power switching switch and the second input of described first power switching switch respectively.
8. series excited machine control system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described first power switching switch is the 5th relay, and the first fixed contact of described 5th relay, the second fixed contact and moving contact are respectively the first input end of described first power switching switch, the second input and output.
9. series excited machine control system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described second power switching switch is the 6th relay, and the first fixed contact of described 6th relay, the second fixed contact and moving contact are respectively the DC output end of described second power switching switch, ac input end and two directions' inputing output.
10. series excited machine control system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described filter circuit comprises the first electric capacity and the first resistance, the first end of described first electric capacity connects the output of described mains switch, second end of described first electric capacity connects the first end of described first resistance, and the second end of described first resistance connects the negative output terminal of described AC power.
11. series excited machine control system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described regulator rectifier circuit comprises:
Rectifier bridge, piezo-resistance and electrochemical capacitor;
The positive input terminal of described rectifier bridge and negative input end are respectively positive input terminal and the negative input end of described regulator rectifier circuit, the first end of the output of described rectifier bridge and the first end of described piezo-resistance and described electrochemical capacitor connects the output that formed common contact is described regulator rectifier circuit altogether, and the second end of the ground end of described rectifier bridge and the second end of described piezo-resistance and described electrochemical capacitor connects the earth terminal that formed common contact is described regulator rectifier circuit altogether.
12. series excited machine control system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described current sampling circuit comprises:
Sampling resistor, the second resistance, the second electric capacity, the 3rd resistance, the 4th resistance, operational amplifier, the 5th resistance and the 3rd electric capacity;
The first end of described sampling resistor and the second end are respectively current input terminal and the current output terminal of described current sampling circuit, the first end of described second resistance connects the first end of described sampling resistor, second end of described second resistance and the first end of described second electric capacity are connected to the first end of described 3rd resistance altogether, second end ground connection of described second electric capacity, second end of described 3rd resistance connects the in-phase input end of described operational amplifier, the first end ground connection of described 4th resistance, second end of described 4th resistance and the first end of described 5th resistance are connected to the inverting input of described operational amplifier altogether, the common contact of described second end of the 5th resistance and the output of described operational amplifier is the sampled signal output of described current sampling circuit, the positive power source terminal of described operational amplifier and the first end of described 3rd electric capacity are connected to DC power supply altogether, the negative power end of described operational amplifier and the equal ground connection of the second end of described 3rd electric capacity.
13. series excited machine control system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described device for power switching is metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor, and the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor, source electrode and grid are respectively the input of described device for power switching, output and controlled end.
14. series excited machine control system as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, when described device for power switching is IGBT, the drain electrode of described IGBT, source electrode and grid are respectively the input of described device for power switching, output and controlled end.
15. 1 kinds of series excited machines, it has front end housing and rear end cap, it is characterized in that, described series excited machine also comprises the series excited machine control system as described in any one of claim 6 to 14, and described series excited machine set-up of control system is on the front end housing or rear end cap of described series excited machine.
16. 1 kinds of washing machines, comprise host computer, it is characterized in that, described washing machine also comprises series excited machine as claimed in claim 15.
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| CN109672391A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-23 | 深圳博英特科技有限公司 | A kind of series excited machine control system and method |
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| EP0054460A1 (en) * | 1980-12-12 | 1982-06-23 | Thomson-Brandt | Speed control means of an electrical motor of a washing machine |
| WO1990007227A1 (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1990-06-28 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Speed controller for electric motor |
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| CN104270057B (en) | 2017-06-20 |
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