CN104266742B - High-target distribution type optical fiber vibration sensor - Google Patents
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- CN104266742B CN104266742B CN201410564524.3A CN201410564524A CN104266742B CN 104266742 B CN104266742 B CN 104266742B CN 201410564524 A CN201410564524 A CN 201410564524A CN 104266742 B CN104266742 B CN 104266742B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-target distribution type optical fiber vibration sensor which resolves the technical problems that an existing distribution type optical fiber vibration sensor is short in transmission distance, low in flexibility and low in accuracy. The high-target distribution type optical fiber vibration sensor comprises a first optical splitter, a modulation amplifier, a second optical splitter, an adjustable attenuator, a first optical path, a second optical path, a pump, two sensing optical cables, a heterodyne probe and a collecting controller, wherein one output end of the first optical splitter is connected with the modulation amplifier, the other 10% output end of the first optical splitter is connected with the heterodyne probe, and the output end of the modulation amplifier is connected with the second optical splitter; the second optical splitter is connected with the adjustable attenuator and the second optical path; the output end of the adjustable attenuator is connected with the first optical path, and the output end of the pump is connected with the two optical paths; the two sensing optical cables are connected with the two optical paths respectively, and the input end of the collecting controller is connected with the heterodyne probe. The high-target distribution type optical fiber vibration sensor is widely applied to long-distance and high-accuracy security monitoring of national defense boundaries, pipelines, optical cables and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical fibre vibration sensor, specifically a kind of high target distributed optical fiber vibration sensor.
Background technology
At present, the detection analysis of vibration information are applied in many fields, with technology development improve, also by
Step is applied to circumference safety-security area.Existing perimeter security system has pulse fence, infrared emission, vibration wireline, fiber-optic vibration
Various monitoring systems such as sensor, each systematic difference field and performance it is also different.The characteristics of pulse fence is can be
The effect for frightening can also be realized while monitoring, but its monitoring distance is short, and it is applied to the zonule property such as plant area, garden prison
Survey；Infrared emission fails because it is susceptible to other external environmental interferences, and it is adapted to indoor valuables, data, equipment
Deng safety monitoring；Vibration wireline is capable of achieving relatively long distance transmission, but electromagnetic interference affects very big on it, and application has very big office
It is sex-limited；Optical fibre vibration sensor application is relatively flexible, can carry out regional application, while because of its long range propagation, intrinsic passive
Characteristic, application adaptability is strong.
Distributed optical fiber vibration sensor is the focus of current research, and it is mainly used in national defence border, oil and gas pipes, light
The safety monitoring of the long ranges such as cable.However as the progress of technology, people to the accuracy of distributed optical fiber vibration sensor,
The performance indications such as sensitivity, transmission range put forward higher and higher requirement, and existing distributed optical fiber vibration sensor is
The demand in market can not be met.
The content of the invention
The present invention is exactly that existing distributed optical fiber vibration sensor transmission range is short, sensitivity is low, accuracy in order to solve
Low technical problem, there is provided a kind of transmission range length, the high target distributed optical fiber vibration sensing that sensitivity is high, accuracy is high
Device.
The technical scheme is that, there is provided a kind of high target distributed optical fiber vibration sensor, including the first beam splitter,
Modulated amplifier, the second beam splitter, adjustable attenuator, prolongation optical cable, the first light path, the second light path, pumping device, the first sense light
Cable, the second sensing optic cable, heterodyne detector and acquisition controller, the first beam splitter is provided with 90% outfan all the way and all the way 10%
Outfan, all the way 90% outfan be connected with modulated amplifier, all the way 10% outfan is connected with heterodyne detector, modulation amplify
The outfan of device is connected with the second beam splitter；Second beam splitter is provided with the outfan of two-way 50%, wherein all the way with adjustable attenuator
Connection, separately leads up to prolongation optical cable and is connected with the second light path；The outfan of adjustable attenuator is connected with the first light path, pumping device
Outfan be connected with the first light path and the second light path respectively；First sensing optic cable is connected with the first light path, the second sensing optic cable
It is connected with the second light path, the input of acquisition controller is connected with heterodyne detector, pulse output end and the tune of acquisition controller
Amplifier connection processed；First light path and the second light path are respectively equipped with backscatter signal outfan, the back scattering of the first light path
Signal output part is connected with heterodyne detector, and the backscatter signal outfan of the second light path is connected with heterodyne detector.
Preferably, modulated amplifier includes manipulator and image intensifer, the pulse output end and manipulator of acquisition controller
Connection, image intensifer is connected with manipulator, and the second beam splitter is connected with image intensifer, 90% outfan all the way of the first beam splitter
It is connected with manipulator.
Preferably, heterodyne detector includes the 3rd beam splitter, the 4th beam splitter, the 5th beam splitter and two-way heterodyne detection
Device, 10% outfan all the way of the first beam splitter is connected with the input of the 3rd beam splitter；3rd beam splitter is provided with two-way 50%
Outfan, wherein all the way 50% outfan is connected with the input of the 4th beam splitter, the outfan of another road 50% and the 5th light splitting
The input connection of device；The backscatter signal outfan of the first light path is connected with the input of the 4th beam splitter, the second light path
Backscatter signal outfan be connected with the input of the 5th beam splitter, the outfan of the 4th beam splitter and the 5th beam splitter
Outfan is connected respectively with the input of two-way heterodyne detector, and the outfan of two-way heterodyne detector is defeated with acquisition controller
Enter end connection.
Preferably, pumping device includes the first pumping source and the second pumping source, and the first light path includes the one three port optical annular
Device and the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second light path includes the 2nd 3 ports light rings and the second wavelength division multiplexer；One three port
Optical circulator is provided with 1 port, 2 ports and 3 ports, and the 2nd 3 ports light rings are provided with 1 port, 2 ports and 3 ports, and first
Wavelength division multiplexer is provided with reflector port, transmission port and public port, and the second wavelength division multiplexer is provided with reflector port, transmission port
And public port；First pumping source is connected with the transmission port of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second pumping source and the second wavelength-division multiplex
The transmission port connection of device；The outfan of adjustable attenuator is connected with 1 port of the one three ports light rings, the one three port
2 ports of optical circulator are connected with the reflector port of the first wavelength division multiplexer, 1 port and the 4th of the one three ports light rings
The input connection of beam splitter；3 ports of the 2nd 3 ports light rings are connected with the input of the 5th beam splitter, extend optical cable
It is connected with 1 port of the 2nd 3 ports light rings, 2 ports of the 2nd 3 ports light rings are anti-with the second wavelength division multiplexer
Penetrate port connection；First sensing optic cable is connected with the public port of the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second sensing optic cable and the second wavelength-division
The public port connection of multiplexer.
Preferably, light source is additionally provided with, light source is connected with the first beam splitter.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, furnace-incoming coal is realized using the principle of backscatter signal, while passing through heterodyne
Detector analysis determines the optical cable characteristic variations of every bit, so that it is determined that the change of vibration information, effectively increases system
Gain, improves precision, sensitivity and the distance of system；In the effect of three ports light rings, wavelength division multiplexer and pumping source
Under realize Raman amplifiction, effectively improve the energy being input in optical fiber, realize that optical signal is transmitted more at a distance, while increase
Sensitivity and precision；Using weak signal low noise amplifying technique and bilateral in the presence of two-way heterodyne detector and acquisition controller
Road independent acquisition technology, effectively improves system signal noise ratio, while two channel acquisitions are implemented separately, complementation affects, and application is cleverer
It is living.
Distance sensing of the achievable distance sensing of the present invention more than 80 kilometers, while the week that positioning precision is 15 meters can be ensured
Boundary's crime prevention system.
Further aspect of the present invention and aspect, by the description below with reference to the specific embodiment of accompanying drawing, are able to
It is clearly stated that.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the further preferred structural representation of the present invention.
Symbol description in figure：
1. light source；2. the first beam splitter；3. modulated amplifier；4. the second beam splitter；5. adjustable attenuator；6. the first light
Road；7. optical cable is extended；8. the second light path；9. pumping device；10. heterodyne detector；11. acquisition controllers；12. host computers；13.
One sensing optic cable；14. second sensing optic cables；15. manipulators；16. image intensifers；17. the 1st ports light rings；18.
One wavelength division multiplexer；19. first pumping sources；20. the 2nd 3 ports light rings；21. second wavelength division multiplexers；22. second pumps
Pu source；23. the 3rd beam splitters；24. the 4th beam splitters；25. the 5th beam splitters；26. two-way heterodyne detectors.
Specific embodiment
Referring to the drawings, the present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment.
As shown in figure 1, light source 1 exports continuous optical signal, 2 points through the first beam splitter of the continuous optical signal is 90% 1 tunnel
Output and the output of 10% 1 tunnel.90% 1 tunnel is exported optical signal by modulated amplifier 3 under the Pulse Width Control of acquisition controller 11
Be modulated into pulsed optical signals go forward side by side traveling optical signal amplification, lifted luminous power.
4 points through the second beam splitter of the high power pulse signal exported by modulated amplifier 3 is two-way, and two paths of signals is adopted
Mode respectively is separated, wherein enter all the way after adjustable attenuator 5 exporting, another road enters and extends in optical cable 7.Adjustable attenuator
The size of 5 Output optical power is adjusted by the optical power control outfan of acquisition controller 11.Extend the work of 7 communication of optical cable
With as the bridge between main frame and sensing optic cable.
The signal of the output of adjustable attenuator 5 converges to enter jointly into the pump light signals that the first light path 6 and pumping device 9 are exported
Enter in the first sensing optic cable 13, it is ensured that the application of the maximum optical power of output to the first sensing optic cable 13 and the biography of longer distance
Sense.
The optical signal extended in optical cable 7 enters the second light path 8 and converges common entrance with the pump light signals of the output of pumping device 9
In second sensing optic cable 14, it is ensured that the application of the maximum optical power of output to the second sensing optic cable 14 and the sensing of longer distance.
10% optical signal of the output of the first beam splitter 2 realizes filtering after heterodyne detector 10 carries out heterodyne detection process
Amplify with signal, acquisition controller 11 is converted into digital signal to the analogue signal that heterodyne detector 10 is exported to host computer 12,
12 pairs of digital signals of host computer carry out data processing and calculating.
As shown in Fig. 2 modulated amplifier 3 includes manipulator 15 and image intensifer 16, manipulator 15 is by acquisition controller 11
Pulse output end enter the control of horizontal pulse, 90% 1 tunnel is exported into optical signal modulation into pulsed optical signals, image intensifer 16 will
The pulsed optical signals of the output of manipulator 15 are amplified to lift luminous power.
First light path 6 includes the one three ports light rings 17 and the first wavelength division multiplexer 18, and pumping device 9 includes the first pump
The pumping source 22 of Pu source 19 and second.One three ports light rings 17 are provided with 1 port, 2 ports and 3 ports, and signal is passed from 1 port
2 ports are sent to again to 3 ports.The signal output part of adjustable attenuator 5 connects with 1 port of the one three ports light rings 17,
2 ports of the one three ports light rings 17 connect the reflector port of the first wavelength division multiplexer 18, while the first pumping source 19
Pump light signals outfan is connected with the transmission port of the first wavelength division multiplexer 18.In the one three ports light rings 17, first
In the presence of the pumping source 19 of wavelength division multiplexer 18 and first, Raman amplifiction is realized, effectively increase system sensitivity and biography
Sense distance.First wavelength division multiplexer 18 is 3 port WDM, is provided with reflector port (R), transmission port (T) and public port (COM).
Second light path 8 includes the 2nd 3 ports light rings 20 and the second wavelength division multiplexer 21, extends the outfan of optical cable 7
Connect with 1 port of the 2nd 3 ports light rings 20.2nd 3 ports light rings 20 are provided with 1 port, 2 ports and 3 ports,
Signal is sent to 2 ports again to 3 ports from 1 port.2 ports of the 2nd 3 ports light rings 20 connect the second wavelength division multiplexer
21 reflector port, while the transmission port of the pump light signals outfan of the second pumping source 22 and the second wavelength division multiplexer 21 connects
Connect.In the presence of the 2nd 3 ports light rings 20, the second wavelength division multiplexer 21 and the second pumping source 22, realize Raman and put
Greatly, system sensitivity and distance sensing are effectively increased.Second wavelength division multiplexer 21 is 3 port WDM, is provided with reflector port
(R), transmission port (T) and public port (COM).
Heterodyne detector 10 includes the 3rd beam splitter 23, the 4th beam splitter 24, the 5th beam splitter 25 and two-way heterodyne detection
Device 26,23 points through the 3rd beam splitter of 10% optical signal that the first beam splitter 2 goes out is two-way A, B, and two paths of signals adopts what is divided equally
Mode is separated, and wherein A roads enter the 4th beam splitter 24, and B roads enter the 5th beam splitter 25.It is backward that first sensing optic cable 13 is produced
Scattered signal (exporting from 3 ports of the one three ports light rings 17) converge in the 4th beam splitter 24 with A roads signal after shape
Into detectable signal all the way, the backscatter signal that the second sensing optic cable 14 is produced is (from 3 ports of the 2nd 3 ports light rings 20
Output) converges in the 5th beam splitter 25 with B roads signal after form detectable signal all the way, outside this two-way detectable signal feeding two-way
Gap detector 26 is realized being filtered after heterodyne detection and amplified with signal.
Two-way after the process of two-way heterodyne detector 26 carries the first sensing optic cable 13, second sensing optic cable 14
The original analog of vibration information, into acquisition controller 11, is collected the two-way ADC detections of controller 11, completes two-way
The collection of signal, while the digital signal for collecting upload host computer 12 is carried out into data processing and calculating, while host computer 12
Interface communication is carried out by USB or PCI between acquisition controller 11, control of the host computer 12 to bottom hardware is completed.
11 points of acquisition controller for realizing double channels acquisition is data acquisition module, FPGA and peripheral circuit composition, is gathered
Module employs 2 high-speed ADCs and difference channel composition, and highest sampling rate is up to 100MSPS.FPGA is used to control peripheral electricity
The working condition on road and the work schedule of whole system, its major function has：(1) realize and 2 tunnels are gathered with the startup of ADC and is stopped
Only gather and be individually controlled function；(2) RAM block using inside builds memory element and realizes the cumulative work(to gathered data
Can, accumulative frequency highest is up to 25.6 ten thousand times；(3) clock signal is produced, controls the operating frequency of manipulator, realize believing direct current
Number modulating action；(4) communicated by host computer, realized controllable to the size of the attenuation multiple of attenuator.It adopts doubleclocking
Control mode, individually controlled the triggered time of two passages；By the way of big data quantity storage and uploading in real time, can be by two
Data on individual passage are first deposited, and carry out unified after denoising upload, it is ensured that acquisition controller 11 can be real with host computer 12
Now real-time data transfer, is not in leak source phenomenon.
Host computer 12 can carry out data processing using whole machine industrial computer or industrial control mainboard after the data for collecting are uploaded,
It is simultaneously emitted by warning message and carries out equipment linkage.
The Rayleigh scattering signal produced by the first sensing optic cable 13 or the second sensing optic cable 14 is：Es=kscos(ω1t+
φ1), the two-way local oscillator optical signal that the 3rd beam splitter 23 is separated is El=klcos(ω2t+φ2)。
Converge at the 4th beam splitter 24 and the 5th beam splitter 25 respectively and enter into two-way heterodyne detector 26, its signal is strong
Spend and be：
Because optical frequency is very high, the response of two-way heterodyne detector 26 cannot meet, and so as to realize heterodyne detection, and adopt
Non-equilibrium AC coupled method, can be filtered out the semaphore of direct current, it is ensured that the signal for obtaining needs to be analyzed
Useful signal, signal is：
I (t)=ksklcos[(ω1-ω2)t+(φ1-φ2)]。
The signal is shown as by difference on the frequency and phase meter：I (t)=ksklcos(2πΔft+Δφ)。
If using the method for direct detection, direct detection to luminous power be：I1(t)=2ks 2cos(2πΔft+Δ
φ)。
The method detected using heterodyne detection and direct Rayleigh is compared, and its signal ratio is：
In Heterodyne Detection System, local oscillation signal is much larger than Rayleigh signal, so kl＞ ＞ ks, realized using heterodyne detection
System it is more higher than direct Rayleigh detectable signal, coordinate Raman amplifiction technology, by the Raman effect of optical fiber itself, lift light work(
Rate.Using heterodyne detection technology and Raman amplifiction technology, the intensity of signal is effectively improved, increase system sensitivity and biography
Sense distance.
Light source 1 can be less than 5kHz using super-narrow line width laser instrument or DFB laser tubes, live width, and frequency stability is less than
50MHz, output is more than 20MW, and polarization property, polarization extinction ratio is more than 23dB.
Manipulator 15 can adopt acousto-optic modulator, electrooptic modulator and semiconductor optical amplifier to realize the modulation of pulse signal
Effect, its input bears luminous power more than 5W, and extinction ratio is more than 50dB, and return loss is more than 40dB, and the rise time is less than 20ns.
The peak power output of image intensifer 16 is more than 2W, can be realized using erbium-doped fiber amplifier.
The decay adjustable extent of adjustable attenuator 5 is 30dB, while Insertion Loss is less than 1dB, can adopt knob adjustable damping
The device of device, micromechanics adjustable attenuator or its achievable attenuation function.
One three ports light rings 17 and the 2nd 3 ports light rings 20 the two three ports light rings, are all 1
Port is entered 2 and is gone out, and 2 ports are entered 3 ports and gone out, and isolation is more than 40dB between port, and each passage Insertion Loss is less than 0.7dB.
The passband width of the first wavelength division multiplexer 18 and the second wavelength division multiplexer 21 is ± 6nm, and Insertion Loss is less than 0.7dB, its
The multiplexer such as filter plate or FBG can be adopted.
First pumping source 19 and the second pumping source 22 can adopt high-power pump laser, its power to ensure to be more than
200MW, by the intervention of pumping can effectively promotion signal gain, increase transmission range.
The internal optical fiber type for extending optical cable 7 can be single mode G652D optical fiber.
First sensing optic cable 13 and the second sensing optic cable 14 can ensure to adapt to the same of outdoor environment using vibration optical cable
When, booster sensitivity feature, to adapt to the detection of vibrating intruding.
Two-way heterodyne detector 26 is provided with photodetector, amplifying circuit and filter circuit, and photodetector adopts high band
The InGaAs photodiodes of wide, high response and high-gain carry out opto-electronic conversion, and bandwidth meets 14～18GHz, when response rises
Between be less than 15ps, its gain is up to 0.7～0.9A/W；Amplifying circuit adopts Broadband amplifier, ensures while signal amplifies
The genuine property of signal；Filter circuit adopts ac filter mode, the DC component of actual signal is filtered, while can enter to signal
Row conditioning, realizes hardware denoising, is effectively improved signal to noise ratio.
The above is not limited to the present invention only to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of high target distributed optical fiber vibration sensor, is characterized in that, including the first beam splitter, modulated amplifier, second
Beam splitter, adjustable attenuator, prolongation optical cable, the first light path, the second light path, pumping device, the first sensing optic cable, the second sense light
Cable, heterodyne detector and acquisition controller, first beam splitter is provided with 90% outfan and all the way 10% outfan all the way, institute
State 90% outfan all the way to be connected with the modulated amplifier, 10% outfan all the way is connected with the heterodyne detector,
The outfan of the modulated amplifier is connected with second beam splitter；Second beam splitter is provided with the outfan of two-way 50%,
Wherein it is connected with the adjustable attenuator all the way, separately leads up to the prolongation optical cable and be connected with second light path；It is described can
The outfan of controlled attenuator is connected with first light path, the outfan of the pumping device respectively with first light path and second
Light path connects；First sensing optic cable is connected with first light path, and second sensing optic cable connects with second light path
Connect, the input of the acquisition controller is connected with the heterodyne detector, the pulse output end of the acquisition controller and institute
State modulated amplifier connection；First light path and second light path are respectively equipped with backscatter signal outfan, and described
The backscatter signal outfan of one light path is connected with the heterodyne detector, the backscatter signal output of second light path
End is connected with the heterodyne detector.
2. high target distributed optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the modulated amplifier
Including manipulator and image intensifer, the pulse output end of the acquisition controller is connected with the manipulator, the image intensifer
Be connected with the manipulator, second beam splitter is connected with the image intensifer, first beam splitter it is 90% defeated all the way
Go out end to be connected with the manipulator.
3. high target distributed optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the heterodyne detector
Including the 3rd beam splitter, the 4th beam splitter, the 5th beam splitter and two-way heterodyne detector, all the way the 10% of first beam splitter
Outfan is connected with the input of the 3rd beam splitter；3rd beam splitter is provided with the outfan of two-way 50%, wherein all the way
50% outfan is connected with the input of the 4th beam splitter, the input of the outfan of another road 50% and the 5th beam splitter
End connection；The backscatter signal outfan of first light path is connected with the input of the 4th beam splitter, and described second
The backscatter signal outfan of light path is connected with the input of the 5th beam splitter, the outfan of the 4th beam splitter and
The outfan of the 5th beam splitter is connected respectively with the input of the two-way heterodyne detector, the two-way heterodyne detector
Outfan be connected with the input of the acquisition controller.
4. high target distributed optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the pumping device includes
First pumping source and the second pumping source, first light path includes the one three ports light rings and the first wavelength division multiplexer, institute
The second light path is stated including the 2nd 3 ports light rings and the second wavelength division multiplexer；One three ports light rings are provided with 1
Port, 2 ports and 3 ports, the 2nd 3 ports light rings are provided with 1 port, 2 ports and 3 ports, and first wavelength-division is answered
Be provided with reflector port, transmission port and public port with device, second wavelength division multiplexer be provided with reflector port, transmission port and
Public port；First pumping source is connected with the transmission port of first wavelength division multiplexer, second pumping source and institute
State the transmission port connection of the second wavelength division multiplexer；The outfan of the adjustable attenuator and the one three ports light rings
The connection of 1 port, 2 ports of the one three ports light rings are connected with the reflector port of first wavelength division multiplexer,
1 port of the one three ports light rings is connected with the input of the 4th beam splitter；The 2nd 3 port ring of light
3 ports of shape device are connected with the input of the 5th beam splitter, described to extend optical cable and the 2nd 3 ports light rings
1 port connection, 2 ports of the 2nd 3 ports light rings are connected with the reflector port of second wavelength division multiplexer；
First sensing optic cable is connected with the public port of first wavelength division multiplexer, second sensing optic cable and described second
The public port connection of wavelength division multiplexer.
5. the high target distributed optical fiber vibration sensor according to claim 1,2,3 or 4, it is characterised in that described point
Cloth optical fibre vibration sensor is additionally provided with light source, and the light source is connected with first beam splitter.
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| CN109323750B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2021-08-06 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system and phase demodulation method |
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