CN104264637B - Clino-axis type hydraulic self-control gate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an inclined-axis hydraulic self-control gate, comprising a gate pier, a gate bottom plate, a gate plate, a water stop, an inclined axis and an arc type hydraulic damping device; the gate piers are symmetrically arranged vertically on both sides of the gate bottom plate side, the inclined shaft is arranged on one side of the gate pier, and is rigidly connected to the gate pier through the anchorage structure; The bottom edge of the side gate pier is installed inclined at an angle of 45°; the gate is fixed on the inclined axis, and an arc-type hydraulic vibration damping device is arranged between the gate and the gate pier. The invention can automatically control the switch of the gate according to the upstream water level, realizes the automatic control of the gate by the upstream water, realizes the unattended working system, and is convenient for popularization and application in practice.

Description

Inclined axis hydraulic automatic control gate

1. Field

The invention relates to an inclined-axis hydraulic automatic control gate.

2. Background technology

The hydraulic automatic flap gate is a kind of hydraulic gate, which is an energy-saving and environment-friendly gate developed by Chinese hydraulic engineering technicians after more than 40 years of hard work and has completely independent intellectual property rights. Since the birth of the first generation of hydraulic self-controlled flap gates in the early 1960s, it has experienced four development stages: horizontal axis double hinge type, multi-branch hinge type, roller linkage type and slider type hydraulic automatic control type.

The main structure of the hydraulic automatic flap gate is reinforced concrete, which can generally be used to replace flat lift gates, arc gates and rubber dams, and is suitable for river water storage and flood discharge. Because the hydraulic automatic flap gate has a relatively simple structure, can be automatically opened and closed by the force of water, saves energy, is low in cost, and has the functions of flood discharge and water storage, it has been widely used in various medium and small water conservancy projects. However, there are still many defects in the hydraulic automatic flap gate:

First, the hydraulic characteristics of the hydraulic automatic flap gate are relatively complex, and the gate's overcurrent characteristics, hydrodynamic pressure and operation stability still need further research.

Second, the supporting structures of the gates are all of the door-back type, and the supporting structures of the gates are all of the horizontal axis type, that is, the horizontal axis type automatic flap gate. During the opening process of the horizontal axis automatic flap gate, the gate above the transverse support structure rotates around the transverse support structure along the direction of water flow, while the gate below the transverse support structure rotates around the transverse support structure against the direction of water flow. Enough force is needed to overturn the gate, and the force on the gate and the gate pier is too large, which is not conducive to the stability of the gate.

Thirdly, during the discharge process of the horizontal-axis automatic flap gate, part of the water flows downstream from the water passage between the top and both sides of the gate plate and the gate pier, and part of the water flows from the bottom of the gate plate to the bottom plate and both sides of the gate plate. The water passage between the piers flows downstream, that is to say, the entire ram is in the flow of water that is being discharged. For the discharge, the ram creates a huge resistance and seriously disturbs the state of the water flow. , which seriously affects the discharge capacity of the water flow, especially in the flood period, which will seriously affect the flood discharge.

Fourth, the horizontal axis type automatic flap gate, due to factors such as the supporting conditions for controlling the operation of the gate, the pressure of the gate plate, the discharge of the cavity behind the gate, the jacking of the downstream water level, and the negative pressure in the cavity behind the gate, the gate will be damaged during operation. The phenomenon of "slapping" that periodically slaps the pier or dam sill back and forth occurs, which is extremely destructive.

Fifth, the horizontal-axis automatic flap gate requires a sufficiently large water level when it is opened, that is, the water pressure to be generated on the door panel above the horizontal axis must overcome the self-weight of the door panel and the water pressure generated by the door panel on the lower part of the horizontal axis. Only when it can be opened, the opening of the gate is greatly restricted, and the opening is inflexible; and when closing, the upstream of the door panel is required to have a sufficiently low water level to close, which will affect the normal water storage.

Sixth, due to the characteristics of the support structure of the horizontal-axis automatic flap gate, the opening of the gate is limited. adjust.

3. Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an inclined-axis hydraulic self-control gate, which can automatically adjust the gate opening at any time according to the change of upstream water flow. The gate has good gradual opening performance, and the opening and closing are more labor-saving and flexible; The inclined-axis hydraulic self-control gate has greater discharge capacity and strong water storage capacity, and at the same time, it will not cause "flapping" instability. The invention does not need external power, and the automatic opening and closing of the gate is completely realized by upstream water.

An inclined-axis hydraulic self-control gate includes a gate pier, a gate bottom plate, a gate plate, a water stop, an inclined axis, and an arc type hydraulic vibration damping device.

The gate piers are arranged symmetrically and vertically on both sides of the gate bottom plate, and the gate piers on both sides and the gate bottom plate are poured into a whole to form a gate chamber together; Rigid connection between them; the lower end of the inclined shaft is fixed at the connection between the side gate pier and the gate floor, and its upper end faces the upstream direction of the water flow, and the inclined shaft is installed at an angle of about 45° to the horizontal plane; equal; the gate is installed between the gate piers on both sides; the gate and the inclined axis are in the same plane, and the gate can be a plane gate with an appropriate weight. The weight of the gate is determined according to the water storage requirements, the upstream design water depth and the discharge requirements , to ensure that under the action of upstream water pressure, the principle is to be able to open and close freely, meet the water storage requirements and discharge requirements, and ensure safety; the gate width is equal to the clear distance between the gate piers on both sides; when the gate is closed, the gate The lower end surface of the gate is supported on the gate floor, and the vertical height of the gate on the facade is equal to the height of the gate pier; the gate is fixed on the inclined axis, and can be rotated in the downstream direction around the inclined axis at 0°<90° (can be Close to but not equal to 90°, so as to automatically close the gate), but cannot move along the axis of the inclined axis; there is a water stop between the gate, the pier on both sides and the bottom plate of the gate to prevent the gate from closing when the gate is closed. Leakage occurs; an arc-shaped hydraulic damping device is installed between the gate and the gate pier on the downstream side of the water flow (that is, the backwater surface of the gate); as shown in Figure 2, the arc-shaped hydraulic damping device includes a circle Arc-shaped piston cylinder, piston, arc-shaped piston rod and connecting pipe; the arc-shaped piston cylinder is fixed on the gate pier; there is a piston inside the arc-shaped piston cylinder, and the piston separates the arc-shaped piston cylinder into left and right Two independent spaces, the connecting pipe connects the left and right two independent spaces; one end of the arc-shaped piston rod is fixed on the piston, and the other end is fixed on the gate; the arc-shaped piston cylinder is filled with liquid (such as water, etc.), when the door is opened, Under the action of the arc-shaped piston rod, the piston moves toward the gate pier, and the liquid in the independent space on the left side of the piston cylinder flows to the independent space on the right side through the connecting pipe. Since the diameter of the connecting pipe is small, the liquid in it flows relatively slowly. It can prevent the rapid "beating" phenomenon of the gate to prevent vibration; similarly, when the gate is closed, the piston moves away from the gate pier under the action of the piston rod, and the liquid in the independent space on the right side of the piston flows to the gate through the connecting pipe. In the independent space on the left, because the connecting pipe has a thinner diameter, the liquid in it flows relatively slowly, which can also prevent the gate from vibrating rapidly and effectively prevent the gate from strongly vibrating.

When the present invention works, when the amount of incoming water upstream changes, the water level changes, so that the water pressure acting on the gate will also change accordingly, and the gate can automatically complete the opening and closing process of the gate under the action of water pressure:

First, the gate is fixed on the inclined axis. When the upstream water flow increases and the water level in front of the gate rises to a certain height, the moment of upstream water acting on the gate (the moment around the inclined axis) is greater than the moment generated by the self-weight of the gate (the moment around the inclined axis) The torque of the inclined axis) will make the gate rotate around the inclined axis in the downstream direction of the water flow, the gate will automatically open, and discharge water downstream through the drainage channel between the gate and the gate pier and between the gate and the gate floor; when the upstream comes When the water volume is maintained at a certain amount and does not change, the discharge flow of the gate is equal to the upstream water volume, and the water level in front of the gate remains stable, so the opening of the gate remains stable; if the upstream water volume further increases, the water level in front of the gate will further rise, acting on the gate The torque of the gate is greater than the torque generated by the self-weight of the gate, and the opening of the gate to the downstream direction of the water flow will further increase, so that the discharge flow will further increase. When the discharge flow is equal to the upstream water flow, the opening of the gate will remain stable; when the incoming water volume increases to a certain level and the water level in front of the gate rises to a certain height, the gate will fully open. At this time, the gate can be rotated around the inclined axis. Rotating nearly 90° to the downstream direction of the water flow, the gate is similar to the gate pier, and the gate opening reaches the maximum, which further increases the discharge capacity and satisfies the needs of flood discharge. In order to prevent the gate from vibrating during operation, an arc-shaped hydraulic damping device is installed between the gate and the gate pier on the downstream side of the gate (that is, the backwater surface of the gate), which can slow down the vibration of the gate and make the gate work more stable.

When the upstream water flow decreases, the water level in front of the gate will drop accordingly, so that the moment of upstream water pressure acting on the gate is smaller than the moment generated by the gate's own weight, so that the gate will automatically turn in the closing direction, and the opening of the gate will automatically decrease. Thereby reducing the discharge flow; if the upstream water flow is reduced to a certain amount and no longer changes, the water level in front of the gate remains stable, the discharge flow of the gate is equal to the upstream water flow, and remains unchanged, and the opening of the gate remains stable; When the upstream water flow is further reduced, the water level further drops, and the moment of upstream water pressure acting on the gate is further smaller than the moment generated by the gate's own weight, so that the gate will automatically rotate in the direction of closing, and the opening of the gate will be further automatically reduced. As a result, the discharge flow is further reduced; when the upstream water flow is reduced to a certain extent and the water level in front of the gate drops to a certain height, the moment generated by the self-weight of the gate is greater than the moment exerted on the gate by the upstream water pressure, so that the gate is automatically and completely closed. Maintain the water storage state to meet the water storage requirements.

When the gate is closed, the gate can be kept watertight due to the water stop being arranged at the gate, the gate piers on both sides and the gate bottom plate. The water storage upstream of the sluice can be better preserved for the benefit of use.

Therefore, the work of the inclined-axis hydraulic automatic control gate is completely automatically regulated by the level of the upstream water level. With the change of upstream water flow, the gate automatically opens and closes to automatically fulfill the needs of water discharge and storage, and realizes the unattended working mode of the gate, which is convenient for popularization and application in practice. This is a revolutionary reform of the gate.

4. Description of drawings

Figure 1 Structural diagram of inclined axis hydraulic automatic control gate

Figure 2 Structural diagram of the arc-shaped hydraulic damping device

1. Gate pier 2, gate bottom plate 3, gate plate 4, water stop 5, inclined shaft 6, arc-shaped hydraulic damping device 7, arc-shaped piston cylinder 8, piston 9, arc-shaped piston rod 10, connecting pipe .

5. Specific implementation

As shown in Figure 1, the device mainly includes gate pier, gate bottom plate, gate plate, water stop, inclined shaft and arc type hydraulic vibration damping device.

The gate pier 1 is a symmetrically arranged concrete structure upright on both sides, or a reinforced concrete structure, or a masonry structure, etc., depending on the depth of the upstream water, the height of the gate pier should be greater than the upstream water depth to ensure safe operation; the gate bottom plate 2. It is a reinforced concrete structure, or a concrete structure, or a masonry structure, etc., depending on the depth of the upstream water; the pier and the bottom plate on both sides are poured on site, and poured into a complete overall structure to increase its stability; The gate 3 is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure or other materials with certain rigidity and strength. The texture of the gate is required to be uniform. Free opening and closing, meeting the water storage requirements and discharge requirements, and ensuring safety are the principles; the inclined shaft 5 is made of cast steel or alloy materials, and is fixed on the gate pier through an anchor structure; the gate is fixed on the inclined shaft 5 through bearings, and the bearings Rolling bearings or sliding bearings or hinge supports are used depending on the force, so that the gate can freely rotate around the inclined axis; it is installed in the gap between the gate pier and the gate on both sides, and in the gap between the gate bottom plate and the gate. The rubber water stop 4 prevents water leakage when the gate is closed and ensures normal water storage; an arc-shaped hydraulic damping device 6 is arranged between the gate and the gate pier, which adopts the working principle of a piston to prevent the gate from vibrating during operation.

The oblique-axis hydraulic self-control gate automatically controls its opening depending on the upstream water level, and has the following advantages:

(1) The structure is simple, no external power such as electromechanical equipment is required to open and close, and no special personnel are required to operate and control. It is completely automatically regulated by the upstream water situation. Compared with ordinary gates, it has the characteristics of saving manpower and material resources and is easy to use. The gate realizes unattended operation.

(2) It can automatically adjust the gate opening accurately and timely. With the rise and fall of the upstream water level, the gate can be opened and closed gradually, automatically, accurately, and in time to complete the discharge and storage process, so that the discharge flow and the flow in front of the gate can maintain a dynamic balance, so that the water storage, discharge, and flood control of the gate can be maintained. Safe and reliable.

(3) The oblique-axis hydraulic self-control gate can discharge at the side of the gate and at the bottom of the gate at the same time. When the upstream water level reaches a certain level, the gate can rotate nearly 90° and be close to the pier. The axial hydraulic automatic flap gate greatly reduces the water flow resistance, and has a strong flow capacity, which can make floating objects pass through the gate smoothly, facilitate sand and silt washing, and ensure the safety of flood discharge.

(4) The door panel of the oblique axis self-control gate is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure with a simple structure. Compared with the conventional steel gate, it has the advantages of low cost and easy maintenance; compared with the rubber dam, the rubber ages quickly and the service life is short. 5～ It needs to be replaced in 7 years, and it needs to be equipped with a special pressure charging device. The flood control needs to be guarded by a special person, the operating cost is high, and the management is inconvenient.

(5) Compared with the general horizontal-axis hydraulic automatic flap, the opening is more flexible and convenient, which solves the contradiction that the horizontal-axis hydraulic automatic flap often cannot be opened and closed, and solves the problem of organic combination of water discharge and water storage question.

The unique design of the gate has produced a qualitative leap in terms of principle, technology, and performance.

Claims (1)

1. a clino-axis type hydraulic self-control gate, is characterized in that comprising gate pier, gate floor, gate sheet, sealing, inclined shaft and circular arc type hydraulic shock-absorbing device;

Described gate pier is arranged vertically on the both sides of gate floor symmetrically, and both sides gate pier and gate floor water and build up an entirety, jointly form lock chamber; Inclined shaft is arranged on the gate pier of side, and by being rigidly connected between anchor structure and gate pier; Inclined shaft lower end is fixed on this side gate pier and gate floor junction, and its upper end is towards current updrift side, and inclined shaft is installed horizontal by the angular slope of about 45 °; The upright projection of inclined shaft is equal with the height of gate pier; Gate installation is between the gate pier of both sides; Gate and inclined shaft are in same plane, and gate adopts plane gate, and has suitable weight, and the weight of gate is determined according to retaining requirement, upstream design depth of water size and sluicing requirement; Clear distance between gate widths with both sides gate pier is equal; During closing gate, the lower surface of gate is supported on gate floor, and the vertical height of gate on facade is equal with gate pier height; Described gate is fixed on inclined shaft, and can rotate between 0 °-90 ° around inclined shaft downstream, but can not move along the axis direction of inclined shaft; Sealing is provided with between gate and both sides gate pier and gate floor; Circular arc type hydraulic shock-absorbing device is provided with between the gate and gate pier of the back side in current downstream direction side and gate; Described circular arc type hydraulic shock-absorbing device comprises circular arc piston rod, piston, circular arc piston rod and communicating pipe; Circular arc piston rod is fixed on gate pier; Circular arc piston rod inside is provided with piston, and circular arc piston rod is separated into left and right two separate spaces by piston, and communicating pipe is communicated with left and right two separate space; Circular arc piston rod one end fixed piston, the other end is fixed on gate.