CN104255375A - Steel frame greenhouse technology for peach tree in low-latitude plateau area - Google Patents
Steel frame greenhouse technology for peach tree in low-latitude plateau area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104255375A CN104255375A CN201410475465.2A CN201410475465A CN104255375A CN 104255375 A CN104255375 A CN 104255375A CN 201410475465 A CN201410475465 A CN 201410475465A CN 104255375 A CN104255375 A CN 104255375A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a steel frame greenhouse technology for peach tree in low-latitude plateau area. The technology is characterized in that steel pipes are welded to form a semicircular steel frame greenhouse to be fixed to the peach tree farmland; a plastic greenhouse film and an inspect proof nets cover the frame; a nonwoven fabric covering surface is hung in the greenhouse; the plastic greenhouse film and the nonwoven fabric are contracted and stretched to realize the control to the temperature in the greenhouse of the peach tree at different growth periods and under the changeful air temperature condition at the low-latitude plateau area; meanwhile, an underground irrigating device, a novel double-layer ground film and a special fruit bag and other technologies are adopted, thus the damage factor under the natural condition is removed, the natural growth state of the peach tree is remained to the maximum, and the quantity of applied pesticides and chemical fertilizers is greatly decreased; the water for irrigating is about 40% that under the common planting condition, and the output is more than 150% that under the common planting condition; in addition, the peach quality is far more than that of the common peach, and the market price is 5 times that of the common peach.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit growing administrative skill field, be specifically related to a kind of Low Latitude Plateau Area peach steelframe greenhouse cultivation technique.
Background technology
Fruit quality is improved by facilities such as green house, drip irrigation, covering with plastic film in the cultivation management of peach, become now conventional technology, but China's various places climatic environment geographical conditions etc. are not identical, current installation agriculture technology, does not also have the complete peach culture technique that a set of energy and Yunnan Low Latitude highlands specific climatic environment geographical conditions adapt.In addition, along with people are promoting the attention rate of food security, not using or use agriculture chemical less, has been the essential condition that fruit promotes self added value, but in existing green house, because temperature humidity is all higher, be suitable for plant growth, be also suitable for plant pest growth, how in the environment of simulated primitive ecology, promoting the quality of fruit, is a kind of trend of fruit tree industry future development.The Yun-Gui Plateau be positioned on the south 30 ° of N is exactly Low Latitude Plateau Area, based on Yunnan, comprise WESTERN GUIZHOU and South Sichuan edge zone, the three large advanced subject in World Meteorological field: megarelief, low latitudes, Tropical Ocean, all here embody a concentrated reflection of, make to define many special weather climatic phenomenons being different from other area of China here, Low Latitude Plateau Area annual temperature range is little, general at 0.3-12.7 DEG C, year samming 13 ~ 21 DEG C, temperature is moderate, show climatic type feature in spring and autumn, both without the cruel summer also without severe winter, it's like spring all the year round, but daily temperature range is large, within one day, the four seasons can be divided, summer in daytime winter at night, such weather creates Biodiversity in Yunnan, and the good green house technology of fine result of use is promoted in other provinces at present, but a lot of problem has been met with when using in Yunnan.
First be exactly that Yunnan sunray is strong, particularly winter, the dry season in Yunnan just, daytime, sunlight was red-hot, adopted plastic foil to be the green house of cover material, affected indoor temperature raise by solar irradiation, and peach needs the resting stage of the continuous 500-800 of the low temperature of 7.2 DEG C hour, therefore the peach in Yunnan does not experience northern green house such resting stage, and fruit tree is not well maintained, and the germination directly affecting the later stage is bloomed process.At winter-spring season, the plastic tunnel day temperature in Yunnan even can, up to more than 40 DEG C, at this moment also need for fruit tree cooling, and traditional cascade cooling cost is higher, and Yunnan is in dry season, uses cascade to be unfavorable for the Sustainable use of water resource; If adopt sprinkling irrigation cooling, can increase canopy humidity, disease increases the weight of; If the sunshade net cooling adopting Yunnan Province conventional, cover light too much, and can not effective temperature-reducing, the photosynthesis of plant can be affected, produce malformed fruit, reduce the soluble solid content of Peach fruits.
Next is that the impact of Yunnan 1-3 month cold current is larger, the Yunnan 1-3 month, daytime temperature is very high, peach starts rudiment, but at this moment cold air is also more frequent, cold air can cause low temperature after arriving, frost and snow and freeze injury, fruit tree is affected greatly, at this moment green house light plastic foil can not play the effect being incubated anti-evil, and night the earth long wave radiation green house can be made to lower the temperature, in Yunnan Province, use the green house that common plastics is overcover, when strong frosty weather, temperature difference per day can reach 40 DEG C (-8 DEG C to 32 DEG C), variations in temperature violent like this can cause great injury to fruit tree.
Yunnan two packing spaces enriches in addition, in hot and humid plastic tunnel, various damage by disease and insect incidence is all very high, when using sunshade net, although there is gravity-flow ventilation effect, temperature and humidity is reduced to ecosystem state, disease reduces, but various insect all can pierce booth, in order to prevent insect pest, add and spray insecticide, reduce the food security grade of fruit.And there is no insect pollination, need artificial pollination, considerably increase the planting cost of peach.
And, the ultraviolet of lower latitude plateau is strong, existing individual layer fruit bag can not block the strong ultraviolet in Yunnan Province completely, peach fruit epidermis still can be afforested, if and adopt double-deck paper bag, peach fruit epidermis is made to present white or light yellow although ultraviolet can be blocked, but the peach in Yunnan is due to climatic characteristic, all length has peach point, if outer bag is extractd painted, peach point will be first ripe, overdone to peach point during harvesting, easy generation decayed fruit and affect fruit quality, therefore needs to use for the special fruit bag of Yunnan peach.
Although the booth production technology of fruit tree is popularized, but booth environment and natural environment gap too large, cause soil degradation, plant premunition weak, damage by disease and insect grows in a large number, uses the defects such as agriculture chemical, fruit quality difference taste bad will in a large number, and by rejecting unfavorable factor, farthest utilize natural environment, plant the fruit tree closest to nature, produce the fruit closest to nature, will the new trend of following fruit tree industry be become.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of Low Latitude Plateau Area peach steelframe greenhouse cultivation technique, aim to provide a kind of in Yunnan Low Latitude highlands, build a kind of peach growing environment of simulated primitive ecology, coordinate the technology such as irrigation, overlay film, cover fruit bag, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, promote fruit quality.
A kind of Low Latitude Plateau Area peach steelframe greenhouse cultivation technique provided by the present invention comprises:
The structure of steelframe booth: be connected into semicircle greenhouse framework with steel pipe welding and be fixed on the ground in peach garden, the arc top of greenhouse framework covers one deck plastic tunnel film, described plastic tunnel film press mold bar is fixed in greenhouse framework, plastic tunnel film below greenhouse framework side elevation shoulder height is arranged on film-coiling device, booth side elevation shoulder height installs 20 object fly nets with the part of 20 centimetres more than soil surface, described film-coiling device is arranged on outside fly net, fly net, to install plastic tunnel film down to soil surface, is all fixed in greenhouse framework with press mold bar; The middle part at the positive facade of booth and the back side respectively arranges one moving door, and equal plastic covering horticultural covering film on the positive facade of booth, the back side and moving door is also fixed with press mold bar; Arrange parallel to the ground and by the non-textile mulch face of soil all standing in booth in booth higher than the position of peach; One end, described non-textile mulch face is fixed in greenhouse framework, both sides are fixed on mobile pulley, described mobile pulley is arranged on position contour with non-textile mulch face in greenhouse framework, and the middle part in non-textile mulch face is supported by several support contour with non-textile mulch face; Inside booth, facade, positive facade and the back side all hang the non-woven fabrics can rolled up and put; Multiple electric fan is installed at greenhouse framework top, is connected with booth inside by ventilation duct; The plastic tunnel film at booth top is offered a closable window;
Adopt the lower irrigation rig of soil table: using pond as water supply center, a water supply center is connected with multiple irrigation rig by water pipe simultaneously, described irrigation rig is be that isosceles triangle bundlees by hollow pipe and three corncob celluloses, hollow pipe is fixed between three corncob celluloses, and hollow pipe bottom is higher than corncob cellulose bottom, under the peach root system surrounding earth's surface that steelframe booth is planted, 15-25cm inserts this irrigation rig, and every peach uses 4 irrigation rigs;
Adopt the double-deck Novel mulching film that non-woven fabrics and plastic film form: on steelframe plastic shed soil surface, first cover layer of non-woven fabric mulch film, then cover one deck plastic film on non-woven fabrics mulch film;
Use Low Latitude Plateau Area peach special fruit bag: use that outer bag outer surface is yellow waterproof ply of paper, outer bag inner surface scribbles black coating, inner bag outer surface is wax layer, inner bag inner surface is for ply of paper and outer bag upper and lower side respectively has the special fruit bag of a tearing notch seam;
Culture technique:
(1) dormancy is fallen leaves in earlier stage: September-mid-October, only greenhouse framework is installed, 600 times of 75% tpn+10% Imidacloprid+10% urea is sprayed before peach fallen leaves, soil application fertilizer in steelframe booth, fertilizing amount is every strain peach fertilizer 30-50kg, coordinates general calcium 5kg/ strain, potash fertilizer 0.3kg/ strain, fertilizer is evenly sprinkling upon steelframe plastic shed soil surface, turns over plough with the full garden of small-size rotary tiller, orchard weed, fertilizer are ploughed under the peach Root Distribution layer that soil depth is 20-40 centimetre; Then smooth steelframe plastic shed soil surface, utilizes the lower irrigation rig of soil table to water, 50 kilograms, every strain peach; At plastic shed soil surface coverage layer of non-woven fabric mulch film, then on non-woven fabrics mulch film, cover one deck plastic film again;
(2) fall leaves resting stage: late October-early November, carry out pruning after peach fallen leaves, clear garden and spray 5 ° of lime sulfurs, install horticultural covering film, non-woven fabrics and fly net, the window keeping booth top is closed condition, when nocturnal temperature is down to 7.2 DEG C, after continuous 10 days, beginning post sunset every day pulls open the non-textile mulch face in booth, facade inside booth, the non-woven fabrics that positive facade and the back side hang is rolled, plastic tunnel film outside fly net is rolled up to booth shoulder height position, open the ventilation of twice moving door and keep low temperature in canopy, when after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 6.0 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, side elevation, the non-woven fabrics at positive facade and the back side puts down and keeps the sun off, the electric fan opening booth top ventilates and keeps low temperature in canopy, so be circulated to bud to sprout early stage,
(3) bud is sprouted early stage: according to still the calculating of its model and bud termination of diapause measure, determine that the time is passed through in peach dormancy, 3 ° of lime sulfurs+800 times of 75% tpn+10% Imidacloprid is sprayed when the micro-dew of bud is red, utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 8 kgs/acre for 19:19:19, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 7-10 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; In booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 15-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 5-8 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 13 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, puts down the non-woven fabrics at facade inside booth, just facade and the back side, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film outside fly net, close the window at booth top, the electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps low temperature in canopy; When after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 12.0 DEG C, pull open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of west side facade in booth, because now west side facade shines less than sunlight, can open and help to ventilate, other non-woven fabrics still put down and keep the sun off, and the plastic tunnel film rolling two side elevations, to booth shoulder height position, is opened twice moving door and ventilated; When canopy temperature reaches 20 DEG C, open window and the electric fan ventilation releasing heat air at booth top, keep steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 20 DEG C; So be circulated to peach full-bloom stage;
(4) bud sprouts the later stage to flowering stage: spend front complex shears, wipes out without leaf spray and thin and delicate branch, too much bud of erasing, keep rationally staying uniformly spur from; In steelframe booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 15-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 17 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, puts down the non-woven fabrics at facade inside booth, just facade and the back side, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film outside fly net, close the window at booth top, the electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps low temperature in canopy; When after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 12.0 DEG C, pull open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of west side facade in booth, other non-woven fabrics still put down and keep the sun off, the plastic tunnel film rolling two side elevations, to booth shoulder height position, is opened twice moving door and is ventilated; When canopy temperature reaches 20 DEG C, open window and the electric fan ventilation releasing heat air at booth top, keep steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 20 DEG C; So be circulated to peach full-bloom stage;
(5) full-bloom stage: the morning, 9:00 sprayed borax+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3 urea of 0.3%, interval 3-5 days, spray 2-3 time continuously; In this phase booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 15-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, humid control is at 50-70%, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 18 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, the non-woven fabrics at both sides side elevation, positive facade and the back side puts down, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film of both sides, close the window at booth top; The electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps the temperature in booth to be not less than 7 DEG C; When temperature is more than 15 DEG C after sunrise next day, pulls open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of west side facade in booth, other non-woven fabrics still put down and keep the sun off, the plastic tunnel film rolling both sides, to booth shoulder height position, opens the window at booth top, opens twice moving door and ventilates; When canopy temperature reaches 20 DEG C, open electric fan ventilation releasing heat air, keep steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 20 DEG C; So be circulated to peach thank spend after to young fruit period;
(6) Xie Huahou is to young fruit period: spray 600 times of 50% zineb+10% Imidacloprid at leaf bud sprouting, leaf stretching period; Utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 8 kgs/acre for 19:19:19, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 7-10 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; Foliage-spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3% urea fruit-promoting fertilizer 2-3 time; Summer pruning, removes sick branch, back branch, prosperous long shoot; Fruit thinning after second time physiological fallen fruit, fruit spur, bouquet shape fruit branch stay 1 fruit, and 1 fruit is stayed at 10-15 centimetre, middle long fruit branch interval; Spray the liquid adding 24% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum ester 15-20ml after 600-800 times of liquid converted into by 70% thiophanate methyl+50% tpn and mix before bagging, after fruit face liquid is dry, adopt Low Latitude Plateau Area peach special fruit bag bagging immediately; In this phase booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 18-28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 18 DEG C at dusk, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, the non-woven fabrics at both sides side elevation, positive facade and the back side puts down, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film of both sides, close the window at booth top, the electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps the temperature in booth to be not less than 7 DEG C; When after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 15 DEG C, pull open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of both sides in booth, roll the plastic tunnel film of both sides to booth shoulder height position, open twice moving door to ventilate, open the window at booth top, when canopy temperature reaches 28 DEG C, the electric fan opening booth top ventilates, and keeps steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 28 DEG C; So be circulated to fruit growth period;
(7) fruit growth period: summer pruning, removes sick branch, back branch, overstocked branch, upright prosperous long shoot; Spray 600 times of fine bacterium azoles+70% carbendazim; Utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 5 kgs/acre for 12:5:40, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 15-20 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; In this phase booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 18-28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 17 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, and both sides side elevation, the just non-woven fabrics at facade and the back side put down, and close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film of both sides, close the window at booth top, the electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps the temperature in booth to be not less than 7 DEG C; When temperature is more than 18 DEG C after sunrise next day, pulls open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of both sides in booth, the plastic tunnel film rolling both sides, to booth shoulder height position, opens the window at booth top, opens twice moving door and ventilates; When canopy temperature reaches 28 DEG C, the electric fan opening booth top ventilates, and keeps steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 28 DEG C; So be circulated to the peach fruit harvesting phase;
(8) the fruit harvesting phase: ripe first 10 days of fruit tree, extract in the middle part of the outer bag of special fruit bag, after 7-10 days fruit colors, band inner bag picking fruit together; Remove the non-woven fabrics in booth;
(9) preparatory stage before dormancy: remove horticultural covering film and fly net immediately after fruit harvesting, booth is allowed to descend ventilation and penetrating light in the raw, foliage-spray 3% urea+800 times of propargites, utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 5 kgs/acre for 12:5:40, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 15-20 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; After rainy season set, remove the plastic house mulch film of soil surface, under allowing soil in the raw.
Preferably, described non-woven fabrics is 180g white non-woven cloth.180g white non-woven is furnished with certain thickness, can shield portions illumination, but can not block excessive, has the effect stoping calorie spread simultaneously, reaches the effect of shading cooling.
Preferably, described (6) Xie Huahou, to young fruit period, adds after 600-800 times of liquid converted into by 70% thiophanate methyl+50% tpn sprayed in the liquid that 24% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum ester 15-20ml mixes, add 5 grams, washing powder before bagging.Washing powder as spreader-sticker, can make liquid equably spraying in fruit surface.
The beneficial effect of Low Latitude Plateau Area peach steelframe greenhouse cultivation technique of the present invention is as follows:
1, scientific allocation liquid manure relation, both peach nutrition had been ensured, using water wisely again: peach culture technique of the present invention, before the Yunnan 7-8 rainy season month, fruit is gathered completely, mulch film is removed, fly net is removed, thermal insulation quilt is rolled, peach and soil are exposed under field conditions (factors) completely, fully can accept the rainwater in rainy season, the moisture application in time had in soil at the end of utilizing rainy season just, fertilizer is dissolved with and is beneficial to Root Absorption, promote second summit of growth of peach root system, watered by the peach root system of irrigation rig under earth's surface to below 15cm simultaneously, save the irrigation quantity of 0-15cm topsoil, both ensure that peach accumulation nutriment, again save and use water.Bud is sprouted fertilising in early stage, because before peach acrial part starts growth, the root system of underground has started growth, before the florescence sprouts, has therefore utilized irrigation rig under soil table, impose urea, pour water, by Root Absorption nitrogen nutrition, and the growth of supply peach; Florescence and young fruit period fertilising can improve percentage of fertile fruit, the sugar content of fruit and fruit quality; After fruit picking, fertilising improves flower bud differentiation quality, for Second Year fruit quality lays the foundation.
2, irrigation method water-saving: the present invention adopts the lower irrigation rig of soil table, irrigation water outlet is in peach root system surrounding, and support hollow pipe with corncob cellulose, water outlet is not easy to be blocked by soil, and a water supply center can supply 5-10 peach, because moisture directly flows in the soil of root system surrounding, Root Absorption is made to utilize the efficiency of moisture to strengthen, facts have proved higher than the water use efficiency of drip irrigation, and material environment friendly cost is low, can not contaminated soil.
3, use double-deck Novel mulching film to prevent temperature inversion, and keep soil moisture: Low Latitude Plateau Area temperature is moderate, show climatic type feature in spring and autumn, both without the cruel summer also without severe winter, it's like spring all the year round; But daily temperature range is large, and within one day, can divide the four seasons, in the summer in daytime winter at night, night has stronger frost sometimes, steelframe booth, air and soil absorb a large amount of solar radiation heat intensifications daytime; Night, the heat in steelframe booth distributed to air in the mode of long wave radiation by soil etc., formed steelframe canopy temperature lower than the temperature inversion outside canopy.Earth's surface in the double-deck booth plastic mulching canopy of employing non-woven fabrics mulch film and plastic film, there is isolation heat insulation function, effectively can intercept the generation of the temperature inversion that long wave radiation causes night of soil etc. in steelframe booth, keep steelframe booth and soil temperature, simultaneously, covering with plastic film can stop soil water evaporation, keeps soil moisture, to the water-saving result highly significant of Yunnan dry season after October.
4, the athermobiosis phase of continous-stable is manufactured: although it's like spring all the year round in Yunnan, but the temperature difference in summer in daytime winter at night, the temperature making the peach in Yunnan can not obtain a continuous 500-800 hour is lower than the stable chilling process of 7.2 DEG C, there is no the complete athermobiosis phase, well can not accumulate nutriment, look so the peach in Yunnan is not so good as northern peach, peach is also not as northern peach looks large, and mouthfeel is also poor.In the present invention, cold but when also there is no that the presence of the polar current by sky, 10-11 month Yunnan cyclostrophic, by rolling non-woven fabrics evening and plastic tunnel film makes booth gravity-flow ventilation lower the temperature, put down non-woven fabrics daytime to keep the sun off the heat brought, roll plastic tunnel film and keep aeration-cooling in canopy, use electric fan aeration-cooling simultaneously, keep the low-temperature condition of 6-7 DEG C in booth, make peach obtain stable low temperature environment, complete athermobiosis process.
5, prevent low temperature freezing-disaster: the peach in Yunnan is many to bloom in 2-3 month rudiment, the season that now Yunnan cold current is maximum just, usually that day temperature is higher, post sunset, temperature plunges, frost falls in night, defrost after sunrise, during the Frost's Descent, Daily minimum temperature appears in the half an hour after sunrise, violent cold can be bloomed in the rudiment of grievous injury peach, therefore steelframe booth of the present invention is in the folding and unfolding by controlling plastic tunnel film and non-woven fabrics, effectively can isolate the heat that daylight brings, temperature of shed can be controlled again, prevent low temperature freezing-disaster, for peach rudiment is bloomed the condition created.In the 2-5 month of peach fruit growth maturation, Yunnan temperature Change is comparatively large, and visual temperature situation of change arranges folding and unfolding plastic tunnel film and non-woven fabrics, prevents the low temperature freezing-disaster that prominent next cold current causes.
6, at ventilated printing opacity with can prevent insect from damaging while making full use of insect pollination: steelframe booth of the present invention adopts 20 object fly nets to do cover material, sprout at bud and just set up fly net early stage, can ventilated printing opacity, also prevent insect from climbing into booth simultaneously and gnaw young shoot, peach Post flowering, at booth top windowing, window can be opened daytime freely fly out by entomophilas such as honeybees and fly into, then shut in the evening, fruit growth period then not opening, pest control, birds fly into harm young fruit.
7. fruit maturity is consistent, coloring effect is good: the present invention uses Low Latitude Plateau Area peach special fruit bag, get final product Water-proof sun-proof insect protected bird, can shading prevent pericarp from afforesting again, outer bag upper and lower side respectively has a tearing notch seam, outer bag mid portion is only extractd when extracing outer bag, make in the middle part of Peach fruits painted, peach nose part is then covered by outer bag, the ripe speed of the peach point that slows down, use practice display, use the peach outward appearance of this fruit bag white touched with red, maturity is consistent, and mouthfeel is sweet crisp, moisture is sufficient, best in quality.
8. with low cost, easy to use: cost of labor is higher at present, traditional greenhouse or semi-open green house, lay bricks wall or cob wall is all needed when building, fee of material is somewhat expensive, but it is artificial more expensive, this is also that greenhouse, Yunnan Province compares one of factor being difficult to promote, steelframe booth of the present invention, the materials such as plastic tunnel film and non-woven fabrics, it is all less expensive, the material of wide material sources, construction cost is cheap, and the distinctive lower latitude plateau weather in Yunnan can be coordinated preferably, more convenient during use, energy is sealed thermal insulating or ventilation and heat in good time, farthest reduce the infringement that climatic factor grows peach.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Low Latitude Plateau Area peach steelframe booth overall structure schematic diagram;
In figure, each label lists as follows:
1-greenhouse framework, 2-plastic tunnel film, 3-electric fan, 4-window, 5-plastic film, 6-non-woven fabrics mulch film, 7-water supply center, 8-water pipe, 9-irrigation rig, 10-peach, 11-support, 12-non-textile mulch face, 13-film-coiling device, 14-fly net
Embodiment
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, setting forth the present invention further.
A kind of Low Latitude Plateau Area peach steelframe greenhouse cultivation technique provided by the present invention comprises:
The structure of steelframe booth: be connected into semicircle greenhouse framework 1 with steel pipe welding and be fixed on the ground in peach field, the arc top of greenhouse framework 1 covers one deck plastic tunnel film 2, described plastic tunnel film press mold bar is fixed in greenhouse framework, plastic tunnel film below greenhouse framework side elevation shoulder height is arranged on film-coiling device 3, booth side elevation shoulder height installs 20 object fly nets 14 with the part of 20 centimetres more than soil surface, described film-coiling device 3 is arranged on outside fly net 14, fly net is to install plastic tunnel film down to soil surface, all be fixed in greenhouse framework with press mold bar, the middle part at the positive facade of booth and the back side respectively arranges one moving door, and equal plastic covering horticultural covering film on the positive facade of booth, the back side and moving door is also fixed with press mold bar, arrange parallel to the ground and by the non-textile mulch face 12 of soil all standing in booth in booth higher than the position of peach, one end, described non-textile mulch face 12 is fixed in greenhouse framework, both sides are fixed on mobile pulley, described mobile pulley is arranged on position contour with non-textile mulch face in greenhouse framework, and the middle part in non-textile mulch face is supported by several support 11 contour with non-textile mulch face, inside booth, facade, positive facade and the back side all hang the non-woven fabrics can rolled up and put, multiple electric fan 3 is installed at greenhouse framework top, is connected with booth inside by ventilation duct, the plastic tunnel film at booth top is offered a closable window 4,
Adopt the lower irrigation rig of soil table: using pond as water supply center, a water supply center 7 is connected with multiple irrigation rig 9 by water pipe 8 simultaneously, described irrigation rig is be that isosceles triangle bundlees by hollow pipe and three corncob celluloses, hollow pipe is fixed between three corncob celluloses, and hollow pipe bottom is higher than corncob cellulose bottom, under the peach root system surrounding earth's surface that steelframe booth is planted, 15-25cm inserts this irrigation rig, and every peach uses 4 irrigation rigs;
Adopt the double-deck Novel mulching film that non-woven fabrics and plastic film form: on steelframe plastic shed soil surface, first cover layer of non-woven fabric mulch film 5, then cover one deck plastic film 6 on non-woven fabrics mulch film;
Use Low Latitude Plateau Area peach special fruit bag: use that outer bag outer surface is yellow waterproof ply of paper, outer bag inner surface scribbles black coating, inner bag outer surface is wax layer, inner bag inner surface is for ply of paper and outer bag upper and lower side respectively has the special fruit bag of a tearing notch seam;
Culture technique:
(1) dormancy is fallen leaves in earlier stage: September-mid-October, only greenhouse framework 1 is installed, application of organic fertilizers in booth, every strain peach fertilizing amount 30-50kg, coordinate general calcium 5kg/ strain, potash fertilizer 0.3kg/ strain, fertilizer is evenly sprinkling upon steelframe booth soil surface, turn over plough with the full garden of small-size rotary tiller, orchard weed, fertilizer are ploughed under the peach Root Distribution layer that soil depth is 20-40 centimetre; Then smooth steelframe plastic shed soil surface, utilizes the lower irrigation rig of soil table to water, 50 kilograms, every strain peach; At plastic shed soil surface coverage layer of non-woven fabric mulch film 5, then on non-woven fabrics mulch film, cover one deck plastic film 6 again;
(2) fall leaves resting stage: late October-early November, peach carries out pruning after starting fallen leaves, clear garden and spray 5 ° of lime sulfurs, and install plastic tunnel film 2, non-textile mulch face 12 and fly net 14, the window keeping booth top is closed condition, when nocturnal temperature is down to 7.2 DEG C, after continuous 10 days, beginning post sunset every day pulls open the non-textile mulch face 12 in booth, facade inside booth, the non-woven fabrics that positive facade and the back side hang is rolled, plastic tunnel film outside fly net is rolled up to booth shoulder height position, open the ventilation of twice moving door and keep low temperature in canopy, when after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 6.0 DEG C, non-textile mulch face 12 in booth is drawn sternly, side elevation, the non-woven fabrics at positive facade and the back side puts down and keeps the sun off, the electric fan 3 opening booth top ventilates and keeps low temperature in canopy, so be circulated to bud to sprout early stage,
(3) bud is sprouted early stage: according to still the calculating of its model and bud termination of diapause measure, determine that the time is passed through in peach dormancy, 3 ° of lime sulfurs+800 times of 75% tpn+10% Imidacloprid is sprayed when the micro-dew of bud is red, utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 8 kgs/acre for 19:19:19, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 7-10 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; In booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 15-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 5-8 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 13 DEG C, non-textile mulch face 12 in booth is drawn sternly, puts down the non-woven fabrics at facade inside booth, just facade and the back side, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film outside fly net, close the electric fan 3 that the window 4,20:00 at booth top opens booth top to ventilate, keep low temperature in canopy; When after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 12.0 DEG C, pull open the non-textile mulch face 12 in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of west side facade in booth, other non-woven fabrics still put down and keep the sun off, the plastic tunnel film rolling two side elevations, to booth shoulder height position, is opened twice moving door and is ventilated; When canopy temperature reaches 20 DEG C, open the window 4 at booth top and electric fan 3 and to ventilate releasing heat air, keep steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 20 DEG C; So be circulated to peach full-bloom stage;
(4) bud sprouts the later stage to flowering stage: spend front complex shears, wipes out without leaf spray and thin and delicate branch, too much bud of erasing, keep rationally staying uniformly spur from; Open the window 4 at booth top daytime, night shuts; In steelframe booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 15-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 17 DEG C, non-textile mulch face 12 in booth is drawn sternly, puts down the non-woven fabrics at facade inside booth, just facade and the back side, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film outside fly net, close the window at booth top, the electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps low temperature in canopy; When after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 12.0 DEG C, pull open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of west side facade in booth, other non-woven fabrics still put down and keep the sun off, the plastic tunnel film rolling two side elevations, to booth shoulder height position, is opened twice moving door and is ventilated; When canopy temperature reaches 20 DEG C, open the window 4 at booth top and electric fan 3 and to ventilate releasing heat air, keep steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 20 DEG C; So be circulated to peach full-bloom stage;
(5) full-bloom stage: the morning, 9:00 sprayed borax+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3 urea of 0.3%, interval 3-5 days, spray 2-3 time continuously; In this phase booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 15-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, humid control is at 50-70%, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 18 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, the non-woven fabrics at both sides side elevation, positive facade and the back side puts down, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film of both sides, close the window at booth top; The electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps the temperature in booth to be not less than 7 DEG C; When temperature is more than 15 DEG C after sunrise next day, pulls open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of west side facade in booth, other non-woven fabrics still put down and keep the sun off, the plastic tunnel film rolling both sides, to booth shoulder height position, opens the window at booth top, opens twice moving door and ventilates; When canopy temperature reaches 20 DEG C, open electric fan ventilation releasing heat air, keep steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 20 DEG C; So be circulated to peach thank spend after to young fruit period;
(6) Xie Huahou is to young fruit period: spray 600 times of 50% zineb+10% Imidacloprid at leaf bud sprouting, leaf stretching period; Utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 8 kgs/acre for 19:19:19, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 7-10 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; Foliage-spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3% urea fruit-promoting fertilizer 2-3 time; Summer pruning, removes sick branch, back branch, prosperous long shoot; Fruit thinning after second time physiological fallen fruit, fruit spur, bouquet shape fruit branch stay 1 fruit, and 1 fruit is stayed at 10-15 centimetre, middle long fruit branch interval; Spray before bagging after 600-800 times of liquid converted into by 70% thiophanate methyl+50% tpn and add 24% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum ester 15-20ml, add the liquid that 5 grams of washing powder mix again, after fruit face liquid is dry, adopt Low Latitude Plateau Area peach special fruit bag bagging immediately, every day, how much how many baggings sprayed medicine, must spray medicine before bagging; In this phase booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 18-28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 18 DEG C at dusk, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, the non-woven fabrics at both sides side elevation, positive facade and the back side puts down, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film of both sides, close the window at booth top, the electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps the temperature in booth to be not less than 7 DEG C; When after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 15 DEG C, pull open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of both sides in booth, roll the plastic tunnel film of both sides to booth shoulder height position, open twice moving door to ventilate, open the window at booth top, when canopy temperature reaches 28 DEG C, the electric fan opening booth top ventilates, and keeps steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 28 DEG C; So be circulated to fruit growth period;
(7) fruit growth period: summer pruning, removes sick branch, back branch, overstocked branch, upright prosperous long shoot; Spray 600 times of fine bacterium azoles+70% carbendazim; Utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 5 kgs/acre for 12:5:40, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 15-20 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; In this phase booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 18-28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 17 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, and both sides side elevation, the just non-woven fabrics at facade and the back side put down, and close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film of both sides, close the window at booth top, the electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps the temperature in booth to be not less than 7 DEG C; When temperature is more than 18 DEG C after sunrise next day, pulls open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of both sides in booth, the plastic tunnel film rolling both sides, to booth shoulder height position, opens the window at booth top, opens twice moving door and ventilates; When canopy temperature reaches 28 DEG C, the electric fan opening booth top ventilates, and keeps steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 28 DEG C; So be circulated to the peach fruit harvesting phase;
(8) the fruit harvesting phase: ripe first 10 days of fruit tree, extract in the middle part of the outer bag of special fruit bag, after 7-10 days fruit colors, band inner bag picking fruit together; The fruit harvesting time is 7:00-10:00 in the morning; Remove the non-woven fabrics in booth;
(9) preparatory stage before dormancy: remove horticultural covering film and fly net immediately after fruit harvesting, booth is allowed to descend ventilation and penetrating light in the raw, foliage-spray 3% urea+800 times of propargites, utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 5 kgs/acre for 12:5:40, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 15-20 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; After rainy season set, remove the plastic house mulch film of soil surface, under allowing soil in the raw.
The Low Latitude Plateau Area peach steelframe greenhouse cultivation technique that the application of the invention provides, by the non-woven fabrics of the plastic tunnel film and greenhouse framework inside that adjust folding and unfolding greenhouse framework outside in good time, the greenhouse temperature of different times can be controlled, the athermobiosis phase that peach is had is continual and steady, be conducive to peach to gather strength the increase amount of blooming and percentage of fertile fruit, and effectively prevent low temperature freezing-disaster from occurring in the budding period; By the novel two-layer mulch film using non-woven fabrics mulch film and plastic film to be combined into, efficiently solve the distinctive inversion infringement of Low Latitude Plateau Area; By irrigation rig under conservative control liquid manure and use earth's surface, ensure that the irrigation of peach nutrition supply and below 15cm root system is watered, promote the development of peach root system, make peach healthy growth; Under making peach can be washed in natural wind regime and weather conditions at booth two sides installation fly net, offer window by booth top and make peach obtain natural insect pollination; Use Low Latitude Plateau Area peach special fruit bag, make peach fruit obtain the maturity of neat and consistent.And the material such as steelframe booth required for the present invention, plastic tunnel film and non-woven fabrics, be all less expensive, the material of wide material sources, construction cost is cheap, easily popularizes.
The Low Latitude Plateau Area peach steelframe greenhouse cultivation technique that the application of the invention provides, obtain the planting effect of semi-open steelframe booth, but cost is but well below semi-open green house, technical scheme provided by the invention can grow hurtful factor to peach under taking the mode of manual intervention to eliminate natural conditions, farthest remain the sunshine, rain and dew of Low Latitude Plateau Area uniqueness, Rational Application fertilizer, the usage amount of maximum minimizing agricultural chemicals, the agricultural chemicals used is about 20% under common planting conditions, particularly at fruit growth period, only need to spray an agricultural chemicals 600 times of fine bacterium azoles+70% carbendazim, fructescence does not need to spray medicine, and the peach of conventional open country plantation needs spraying pesticide 6-8 time at fruit growth period and fructescence, therefore the technical program can guarantee fruit safety.In addition, the chemical fertilizer that the technical program is used is about 30% under common planting conditions, the water of irrigating is about 40% under common planting conditions, but output is more than 150% under common planting conditions, climate of Yunnan is changeable, if the fruit phase at florescence runs into arid or cold in the late spring, the output of the common peach of open country plantation is 0 or is only less than 50% of the normal time, per mu yield be 0-750 kilogram not etc., and the technical program can ensure peach high and stable yield, per mu yield is more than 1500 kilograms, and fruit quality is better than common peach far away, price is commercially more than 5 times of common peach.
Claims (3)
1. a Low Latitude Plateau Area peach steelframe greenhouse cultivation technique, is characterized in that:
The structure of steelframe booth: be connected into semicircle greenhouse framework with steel pipe welding and be fixed on the ground in peach garden, the arc top of greenhouse framework covers one deck plastic tunnel film, described plastic tunnel film press mold bar is fixed in greenhouse framework, plastic tunnel film below greenhouse framework side elevation shoulder height is arranged on film-coiling device, booth side elevation shoulder height installs 20 object fly nets with the part of 20 centimetres more than soil surface, described film-coiling device is arranged on outside fly net, fly net, to install plastic tunnel film down to soil surface, is all fixed in greenhouse framework with press mold bar; The middle part at the positive facade of booth and the back side respectively arranges one moving door, and equal plastic covering horticultural covering film on the positive facade of booth, the back side and moving door is also fixed with press mold bar; Arrange parallel to the ground and by the non-textile mulch face of soil all standing in booth in booth higher than the position of peach; One end, described non-textile mulch face is fixed in greenhouse framework, both sides are fixed on mobile pulley, described mobile pulley is arranged on position contour with non-textile mulch face in greenhouse framework, and the middle part in non-textile mulch face is supported by several support contour with non-textile mulch face; Inside booth, facade, positive facade and the back side all hang the non-woven fabrics can rolled up and put; Multiple electric fan is installed at greenhouse framework top, is connected with booth inside by ventilation duct; The plastic tunnel film at booth top is offered a closable window;
Adopt the lower irrigation rig of soil table: using pond as water supply center, a water supply center is connected with multiple irrigation rig by water pipe simultaneously, described irrigation rig is be that isosceles triangle bundlees by hollow pipe and three corncob celluloses, hollow pipe is fixed between three corncob celluloses, and hollow pipe bottom is higher than corncob cellulose bottom, under the peach root system surrounding earth's surface that steelframe booth is planted, 15-25cm inserts this irrigation rig, and every peach uses 4 irrigation rigs;
Adopt the double-deck Novel mulching film that non-woven fabrics and plastic film form: on steelframe plastic shed soil surface, first cover layer of non-woven fabric mulch film, then cover one deck plastic film on non-woven fabrics mulch film;
Use Low Latitude Plateau Area peach special fruit bag: use that outer bag outer surface is yellow waterproof ply of paper, outer bag inner surface scribbles black coating, inner bag outer surface is wax layer, inner bag inner surface is for ply of paper and outer bag upper and lower side respectively has the special fruit bag of a tearing notch seam;
Culture technique:
(1) dormancy is fallen leaves in earlier stage: September-mid-October, only greenhouse framework is installed, 600 times of 75% tpn+10% Imidacloprid+10% urea is sprayed before peach fallen leaves, soil application fertilizer in steelframe booth, fertilizing amount is every strain peach fertilizer 30-50kg, coordinates general calcium 5kg/ strain, potash fertilizer 0.3kg/ strain, fertilizer is evenly sprinkling upon steelframe plastic shed soil surface, turns over plough with the full garden of small-size rotary tiller, orchard weed, fertilizer are ploughed under the peach Root Distribution layer that soil depth is 20-40 centimetre; Then smooth steelframe plastic shed soil surface, utilizes the lower irrigation rig of soil table to water, 50 kilograms, every strain peach; At plastic shed soil surface coverage layer of non-woven fabric mulch film, then on non-woven fabrics mulch film, cover one deck plastic film again;
(2) fall leaves resting stage: late October-early November, carry out pruning after peach fallen leaves, clear garden and spray 5 ° of lime sulfurs, install horticultural covering film, non-woven fabrics and fly net, the window keeping booth top is closed condition, when nocturnal temperature is down to 7.2 DEG C, after continuous 10 days, beginning post sunset every day pulls open the non-textile mulch face in booth, facade inside booth, the non-woven fabrics that positive facade and the back side hang is rolled, plastic tunnel film outside fly net is rolled up to booth shoulder height position, open the ventilation of twice moving door and keep low temperature in canopy, when after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 6.0 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, side elevation, the non-woven fabrics at positive facade and the back side puts down and keeps the sun off, the electric fan opening booth top ventilates and keeps low temperature in canopy, so be circulated to bud to sprout early stage,
(3) bud is sprouted early stage: according to still the calculating of its model and bud termination of diapause measure, determine that the time is passed through in peach dormancy, 3 ° of lime sulfurs+800 times of 75% tpn+10% Imidacloprid is sprayed when the micro-dew of bud is red, utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 8 kgs/acre for 19:19:19, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 7-10 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; In booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 15-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 5-8 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 13 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, puts down the non-woven fabrics at facade inside booth, just facade and the back side, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film outside fly net, close the window at booth top, the electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps low temperature in canopy; When after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 12.0 DEG C, pull open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of west side facade in booth, other non-woven fabrics still put down and keep the sun off, the plastic tunnel film rolling two side elevations, to booth shoulder height position, is opened twice moving door and is ventilated; When canopy temperature reaches 20 DEG C, open window and the electric fan ventilation releasing heat air at booth top, keep steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 20 DEG C; So be circulated to peach full-bloom stage;
(4) bud sprouts the later stage to flowering stage: spend front complex shears, wipes out without leaf spray and thin and delicate branch, too much bud of erasing, keep rationally staying uniformly spur from; In steelframe booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 15-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 17 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, puts down the non-woven fabrics at facade inside booth, just facade and the back side, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film outside fly net, close the window at booth top, the electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps low temperature in canopy; When after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 12.0 DEG C, pull open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of west side facade in booth, other non-woven fabrics still put down and keep the sun off, the plastic tunnel film rolling two side elevations, to booth shoulder height position, is opened twice moving door and is ventilated; When canopy temperature reaches 20 DEG C, open window and the electric fan ventilation releasing heat air at booth top, keep steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 20 DEG C; So be circulated to peach full-bloom stage;
(5) full-bloom stage: the morning, 9:00 sprayed borax+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3 urea of 0.3%, interval 3-5 days, spray 2-3 time continuously; In this phase booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 15-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, humid control is at 50-70%, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 18 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, the non-woven fabrics at both sides side elevation, positive facade and the back side puts down, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film of both sides, close the window at booth top; The electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps the temperature in booth to be not less than 7 DEG C; When temperature is more than 15 DEG C after sunrise next day, pulls open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of west side facade in booth, other non-woven fabrics still put down and keep the sun off, the plastic tunnel film rolling both sides, to booth shoulder height position, opens the window at booth top, opens twice moving door and ventilates; When canopy temperature reaches 20 DEG C, open electric fan ventilation releasing heat air, keep steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 20 DEG C; So be circulated to peach thank spend after to young fruit period;
(6) Xie Huahou is to young fruit period: spray 600 times of 50% zineb+10% Imidacloprid at leaf bud sprouting, leaf stretching period; Utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 8 kgs/acre for 19:19:19, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 7-10 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; Foliage-spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.3% urea fruit-promoting fertilizer 2-3 time; Summer pruning, removes sick branch, back branch, prosperous long shoot; Fruit thinning after second time physiological fallen fruit, fruit spur, bouquet shape fruit branch stay 1 fruit, and 1 fruit is stayed at 10-15 centimetre, middle long fruit branch interval; Spray the liquid adding 24% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum ester 15-20ml after 600-800 times of liquid converted into by 70% thiophanate methyl+50% tpn and mix before bagging, after fruit face liquid is dry, adopt Low Latitude Plateau Area peach special fruit bag bagging immediately; In this phase booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 18-28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 18 DEG C at dusk, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, the non-woven fabrics at both sides side elevation, positive facade and the back side puts down, close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film of both sides, close the window at booth top, the electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps the temperature in booth to be not less than 7 DEG C; When after sunrise next day, temperature is more than 15 DEG C, pull open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of both sides in booth, roll the plastic tunnel film of both sides to booth shoulder height position, open twice moving door to ventilate, open the window at booth top, when canopy temperature reaches 28 DEG C, the electric fan opening booth top ventilates, and keeps steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 28 DEG C; So be circulated to fruit growth period;
(7) fruit growth period: summer pruning, removes sick branch, back branch, overstocked branch, upright prosperous long shoot; Spray 600 times of fine bacterium azoles+70% carbendazim; Utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 5 kgs/acre for 12:5:40, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 15-20 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; In this phase booth, the temperature on daytime controls at 18-28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls at 7-12 DEG C, concrete grammar is: when every day, atmospheric temperature was down to 17 DEG C, non-textile mulch face in booth is drawn sternly, and both sides side elevation, the just non-woven fabrics at facade and the back side put down, and close twice moving door, put down the plastic tunnel film of both sides, close the window at booth top, the electric fan that 20:00 opens booth top ventilates, and keeps the temperature in booth to be not less than 7 DEG C; When temperature is more than 18 DEG C after sunrise next day, pulls open the non-textile mulch face in booth, roll the non-woven fabrics of both sides in booth, the plastic tunnel film rolling both sides, to booth shoulder height position, opens the window at booth top, opens twice moving door and ventilates; When canopy temperature reaches 28 DEG C, the electric fan opening booth top ventilates, and keeps steelframe greenhouse temperature to be no more than 28 DEG C; So be circulated to the peach fruit harvesting phase;
(8) the fruit harvesting phase: ripe first 10 days of fruit tree, extract in the middle part of the outer bag of special fruit bag, after 7-10 days fruit colors, band inner bag picking fruit together; Remove the non-woven fabrics in booth;
(9) preparatory stage before dormancy: remove horticultural covering film and fly net immediately after fruit harvesting, booth is allowed to descend ventilation and penetrating light in the raw, foliage-spray 3% urea+800 times of propargites, utilize the lower irrigation rig of soil table, impose formula " sowing standing grain U.S. " 5 kgs/acre for 12:5:40, pour water 2 tons/mu; Interval 15-20 days, applies fertilizer 2 times; After rainy season set, remove the plastic house mulch film of soil surface, under allowing soil in the raw.
2. Low Latitude Plateau Area peach steelframe greenhouse cultivation technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein said non-woven fabrics is 180g white non-woven cloth.
3. Low Latitude Plateau Area peach steelframe greenhouse cultivation technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein said (6) Xie Huahou is to young fruit period, add after 600-800 times of liquid converted into by 70% thiophanate methyl+50% tpn sprayed before bagging in the liquid that 24% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum ester 15-20ml mixes, add 5 grams, washing powder.
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| HK15105463.0A HK1204860A1 (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2015-06-09 | Planting method of greenhouse with assembled steel tubular frame for peach tree in low and high elevation region |
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| CN107568043A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-12 | 镇江市丹徒区荣炳南岗山蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of grape high efficiency seedling cultivating method |
| CN108293451A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-07-20 | 镇江市丹徒区荣炳南岗山蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of fig high efficiency seedling cultivating method |
| CN109121992A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-04 | 昆明金沃土生态种植有限公司 | A kind of Low Latitude Plateau Area disaster avoidance type orchard house cultural method |
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| CN111820043A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-10-27 | 湖南省园艺研究所 | Peach tree cultivation system and method |
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2014
- 2014-09-17 CN CN201410475465.2A patent/CN104255375B/en active Active
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2015
- 2015-06-09 HK HK15105463.0A patent/HK1204860A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104642041A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-27 | 钟俊良 | Integrated strange tree and culture method thereof |
| CN107548826A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-09 | 镇江市丹徒区荣炳南岗山蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of pear tree high efficiency seedling cultivating method |
| CN107568043A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-12 | 镇江市丹徒区荣炳南岗山蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of grape high efficiency seedling cultivating method |
| CN108293451A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-07-20 | 镇江市丹徒区荣炳南岗山蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of fig high efficiency seedling cultivating method |
| CN109479574A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-03-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of apricot Protectorate cultivation greenhouse and its temprature control method |
| CN109121992A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-04 | 昆明金沃土生态种植有限公司 | A kind of Low Latitude Plateau Area disaster avoidance type orchard house cultural method |
| CN109121992B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-09-29 | 昆明金沃土生态种植有限公司 | Low-latitude plateau area disaster avoidance type fruit tree greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN111820043A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-10-27 | 湖南省园艺研究所 | Peach tree cultivation system and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104255375B (en) | 2015-07-29 |
| HK1204860A1 (en) | 2015-12-11 |
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