CN104240568A - Power-theft-prevention training device - Google Patents
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Abstract
发明涉及一种反窃电培训装置,包括柜体和PC机,柜体上设有报警指示灯、电能表、假表尾--、联合接线盒、电流互感器端子和负载指示灯。电能表设有电压线圈、电流线圈和分流导线,分流导线与电能表尾电流导线并联连接。电能表为单相电能表、三相三线电能表或三相四线电能表,对于单相电能表,电流回路分流;对于三相电能表,分流导线与电能表尾任意相电流接线并联。本发明通过将分流导线与电能表尾电流接线并联,电流回路并接分流导线,调节分流导线接触电阻改变窃电量,有效分析和判断路窃电行为,提高了防窃电的能力,实现反窃电培训的目的。
The invention relates to an anti-stealing electricity training device, which includes a cabinet body and a PC. The cabinet body is equipped with an alarm indicator light, an electric energy meter, a false meter tail, a joint junction box, a current transformer terminal and a load indicator light. The electric energy meter is provided with a voltage coil, a current coil and a shunt wire, and the shunt wire is connected in parallel with the current wire at the end of the electric energy meter. The electric energy meter is a single-phase electric energy meter, three-phase three-wire electric energy meter or three-phase four-wire electric energy meter. For a single-phase electric energy meter, the current loop is shunted; for a three-phase electric energy meter, the shunt wire is connected in parallel with any phase current connection at the end of the electric energy meter. In the present invention, by connecting the shunt wire in parallel with the current connection at the tail of the electric energy meter, and connecting the current loop with the shunt wire in parallel, adjusting the contact resistance of the shunt wire to change the electricity theft, effectively analyzing and judging the behavior of stealing electricity, improving the ability to prevent electricity theft, and realizing anti-stealing The purpose of stealing training.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于仿真培训设备技术领域,涉及一种反窃电培训的装置。 The invention belongs to the technical field of simulation training equipment, and relates to an anti-stealing training device.
背景技术 Background technique
随着电网的发展和电能的商品化,窃电现象越来越普遍。窃电严重损害了供电企业的利益,扰乱了供用电秩序,还带来一系列的供用电安全隐患和社会问题。近年来窃电日趋多样化、窃电技术日趋智能化、窃电行为日趋产业化。防治窃电、查处窃电问题已成为一个不容忽视的和迫切需要解决的问题。随着用电信息采集系统的推广应用,高科技窃电行为明显增多,隐蔽性强,传统的查窃手段基本失效。目前电力系统用电检查以及相关人员技术水平较低,远远不能满足查处窃电的要求。当前的反窃电培训装置设有各种欠压、失流、相移的窃电方式,如:电压线圈断线、电压线圈串电阻、电流线圈短接等,各种窃电方式可通过计算机设置。但是,软件中没有仿真欠流的窃电方式,并且串接的电阻值固定,无法改变,不能满足电力培训要求。 With the development of the power grid and the commoditization of electric energy, electricity theft is becoming more and more common. Stealing electricity has seriously damaged the interests of power supply companies, disturbed the order of power supply and utilization, and brought a series of hidden dangers and social problems in power supply and utilization. In recent years, electricity theft has become increasingly diversified, electricity theft technology has become increasingly intelligent, and electricity theft has become increasingly industrialized. It has become a problem that cannot be ignored and needs to be solved urgently to prevent and control electricity theft and investigate and deal with the problem of electricity theft. With the promotion and application of electricity information collection systems, high-tech electricity theft has increased significantly, with strong concealment, and traditional methods of detecting theft have basically failed. At present, the inspection of electricity consumption in the power system and the technical level of related personnel are relatively low, which is far from meeting the requirements of investigating and punishing electricity theft. The current anti-stealing training devices are equipped with various methods of stealing electricity such as undervoltage, current loss, and phase shift, such as: voltage coil disconnection, voltage coil series resistance, and current coil short circuit. set up. However, there is no power stealing method for simulating undercurrent in the software, and the resistance value connected in series is fixed and cannot be changed, which cannot meet the power training requirements.
授权公告号为CN202306914U的实用新型专利公开了“一种与反窃电综合实验装置配套的有源负载电路器件,包括 :计算机及软件系统、RS232/485 通讯接口、精密电源、电源隔离变压器、电源接线控制器、窃电/故障模拟切换器、电能表、数字电流表以及设有换相开关的调压升流器 ;是一种用于供电企业技术人员学习、实验、研究反窃电技术的反窃电综合实验装置。可以真实再现隐蔽性窃电手法,达到反窃电侦测技术培训目的”。但是该专利的实验装置过于复杂,不能适应反窃电培训的目的。 The utility model patent with the authorized announcement number CN202306914U discloses "an active load circuit device matched with an anti-stealing comprehensive experimental device, including: computer and software system, RS232/485 communication interface, precision power supply, power isolation transformer, power supply Wiring controller, power stealing/failure analog switcher, electric energy meter, digital ammeter and voltage regulator booster with commutation switch; it is a kind of anti-stealing technology for technical personnel of power supply enterprises to study, experiment and research Stealing comprehensive experimental device. It can truly reproduce concealed stealing techniques and achieve the purpose of anti-stealing detection technology training." But the experimental device of this patent is too complicated and cannot adapt to the purpose of anti-stealing electricity training.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种反窃电培训的装置,通过改变电能表电流回路电流判断窃电,提高防窃电能力。 The object of the present invention is to provide an anti-stealing training device, which can judge electricity theft by changing the current loop current of the electric energy meter, and improve the anti-theft ability.
本发明反窃电培训装置,包括柜体和PC机,柜体上设有报警指示灯、电能表、假表尾--、联合接线盒、电流互感器端子和负载指示灯。电能表设有电压线圈和电流线圈。电能表设有分流导线,分流导线与电流线圈并联连接。 The anti-stealing electricity training device of the present invention includes a cabinet body and a PC machine, and the cabinet body is provided with an alarm indicator light, an electric energy meter, a false meter tail, a joint junction box, a current transformer terminal and a load indicator light. The electric energy meter is provided with a voltage coil and a current coil. The electric energy meter is provided with a shunt wire, and the shunt wire is connected in parallel with the current coil. the
电能表 为单相电能表、三相三线电能表或三相四线电能表。对于单相电能表,电流回路并联连接分流导线。对于三相电能表,分流导线与电能表尾任意相电流线圈并联接线。窃电包括欠压法窃电、欠流法窃电、移相法窃电或扩差法窃电。欠压法窃电的设定包括断电压线圈、电压线圈串联阻抗或改变电压互感器变比。欠流法窃电的设定包括断电流线圈、短接电流线圈、电流线圈串联阻抗或改变电流互感器变比。移相法窃电的设定包括改变互感器极性、改变电压电流线圈极性、改变电压或电流线圈。扩差法窃电的设定包括分流导线与电能表尾电流接线并联,改变电能表电流回路电流。 The electric energy meter is a single-phase electric energy meter, a three-phase three-wire electric energy meter or a three-phase four-wire electric energy meter. For single-phase energy meters, the current loop is connected in parallel with the shunt conductors. For a three-phase electric energy meter, the shunt wire is connected in parallel with any phase current coil at the end of the electric energy meter. Electricity theft includes undervoltage method, undercurrent method, phase shifting method or differential expansion method. The setting of the undervoltage stealing method includes disconnecting the voltage coil, series impedance of the voltage coil or changing the transformation ratio of the voltage transformer. The setting of the undercurrent method stealing electricity includes cutting off the current coil, shorting the current coil, series impedance of the current coil or changing the transformation ratio of the current transformer. The setting of stealing electricity by phase-shifting method includes changing the polarity of the transformer, changing the polarity of the voltage and current coil, and changing the voltage or current coil. The setting of stealing electricity by the differential expansion method includes parallel connection of the shunt wire and the tail current connection of the electric energy meter to change the current loop current of the electric energy meter.
从电能表的基本计量原理和电功率(P=UIcosΦ)可知,一块电能表能否正确计量是由电压、电流、功率因数三要素和时间的乘积、安装和接线的正确性决定。因此,打破其中任何一个条件都可以使电能表慢转、停转甚至反转,从而达到窃电的目的。另外,通过改变电表本身的结构性能,也可以使电能表转速变慢、停转甚至反转。本发明可以模拟欠压、欠流、移相等窃电,还可以根据电能表电流回路并接分流导线模拟扩差法窃电,调节接触电阻大小来改变电能表误差。 From the basic metering principle and electric power (P=UIcosΦ) of the electric energy meter, it can be known that whether an electric energy meter can be measured correctly is determined by the product of the three elements of voltage, current, power factor and time, and the correctness of installation and wiring. Therefore, breaking any one of these conditions can make the energy meter run slowly, stop or even reverse, so as to achieve the purpose of stealing electricity. In addition, by changing the structural performance of the meter itself, the speed of the meter can also be slowed down, stopped or even reversed. The invention can simulate under-voltage, under-current, phase-shifting electricity stealing, and can also simulate electricity stealing by differential expansion method according to the current circuit of the electric energy meter and connect the shunt wire, and adjust the magnitude of the contact resistance to change the error of the electric energy meter.
本发明反窃电培训装置通过将分流导线与电能表尾电流接线并联,电流回路并接分流导线,通过调节分流导线接触电阻改变窃电量,有效分析和判断路窃电行为,提高了防窃电的能力。通过PC机仿真软件及装接分流导线模拟欠压法、欠流法、移相法窃电方式,作用于电能表,以达到反窃电培训的目的。单相电能表采用电流回路分流,三相电能表分流导线与电能表尾任意相电流接线并联,既能模拟单相窃电也能模拟三相窃电,是一种可行仿真模拟培训装置。 The anti-stealing training device of the present invention connects the shunt wire and the tail current connection of the electric energy meter in parallel, and connects the current loop to the shunt wire in parallel, and changes the electricity theft by adjusting the contact resistance of the shunt wire, effectively analyzes and judges the behavior of stealing electricity, and improves the anti-theft electric capacity. Through the PC simulation software and the installation of shunt wires, the methods of undervoltage, undercurrent and phase shifting are simulated to act on the electric energy meter, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-theft training. The single-phase watt-hour meter adopts the current loop shunt, and the shunt wire of the three-phase watt-hour meter is connected in parallel with any phase current connection at the end of the watt-hour meter. It can simulate both single-phase electricity stealing and three-phase electricity stealing. It is a feasible simulation training device.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为电能表柜体前板示意图; Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the front panel of the electric energy meter cabinet;
图2为本发明反窃电培训装置单相接线示意图; Fig. 2 is a single-phase wiring schematic diagram of the anti-stealing electricity training device of the present invention;
图3为反窃电培训装置三相相接线示意图; Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-phase phase wiring of the anti-stealing electricity training device;
其中: in:
1—报警指示灯、2—电能表、3--—假表尾、4—联合接线盒、5—电流互感器端子、6—负载指示灯、7—电压导线、8—电流导线、9—分流导线、10—柜体。 1—alarm indicator light, 2—electric energy meter, 3—false meter tail, 4—joint junction box, 5—current transformer terminal, 6—load indicator light, 7—voltage wire, 8—current wire, 9— Shunt wire, 10—cabinet.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进行详细说明。本发明保护范围不限于实施例,本领域技术人员在权利要求限定的范围内做出的任何改动也属于本发明保护的范围。 The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any changes made by those skilled in the art within the scope defined in the claims also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明反窃电培训装置包括柜体10和PC机。如图1所示,柜体上设有报警指示灯1、电能表2、假表尾3--、联合接线盒4、电流互感器端子5和负载指示灯6。如图2所示,为单相电能表,电能表设有电压线圈7、电流线圈8和分流导线9,分流导线与电流线圈8并联连接。分流导线与电能表尾电流接线并联,以对电能表电流回路进行分流,模拟电能表扩差法窃电方法。通过改变分流导线与接线端子接触电阻的大小,定量地改变所分电流多少,最终改变窃电电量数值。表1所示为模拟扩差窃电手法,单相机械和智能电能表并接分流导线与不并接分流导线两种情况下分析实际测量数值与电能表真值的误差的比较。表1结果表明,不并接分流导线时,单相机械电能表和智能电能表的误差最小,能满足计量需要。当并接分流导线时,随着接触电阻的减小,并接导线的电阻减小,所分电能表的电流增大,电能表的转数或脉冲数减小,误差就越大。当接触电阻最小时,机械电能表的误差比智能电能表要大,这是电能表本身的特性结构决定的。扩差法所窃电量可以通过调节分流导线的接触电阻改变数值。经测量分析认为,三相电能表也有同样的结果。 The anti-stealing electricity training device of the present invention includes a cabinet body 10 and a PC. As shown in Figure 1, the cabinet is equipped with an alarm indicator light 1, an electric energy meter 2, a fake meter tail 3--, a joint junction box 4, a current transformer terminal 5 and a load indicator light 6. As shown in FIG. 2 , it is a single-phase electric energy meter, and the electric energy meter is provided with a voltage coil 7 , a current coil 8 and a shunt wire 9 , and the shunt wire and the current coil 8 are connected in parallel. The shunt wire is connected in parallel with the tail current wiring of the electric energy meter to shunt the current circuit of the electric energy meter and simulate the electric energy stealing method of the electric energy meter by expanding the differential method. By changing the size of the contact resistance between the shunt wire and the terminal, the amount of the divided current is quantitatively changed, and finally the value of the electricity stolen is changed. Table 1 shows the comparison of the error between the actual measured value and the true value of the electric energy meter in the case of simulating the differential expansion stealing method, and the single-phase mechanical and intelligent electric energy meters are connected with the shunt wire and not connected with the shunt wire. The results in Table 1 show that when the shunt wire is not connected in parallel, the error of the single-phase mechanical energy meter and the smart energy meter is the smallest, which can meet the measurement needs. When the shunt wire is connected in parallel, as the contact resistance decreases, the resistance of the parallel wire decreases, the current of the distributed electric energy meter increases, the number of revolutions or pulses of the electric energy meter decreases, and the error becomes larger. When the contact resistance is the smallest, the error of the mechanical energy meter is larger than that of the smart energy meter, which is determined by the characteristic structure of the energy meter itself. The electric quantity stolen by the differential expansion method can be changed by adjusting the contact resistance of the shunt wire. According to the measurement and analysis, the three-phase electric energy meter also has the same result.
如图3所示,电能表2为三相四线电能表,分流导线9与电能表尾任意相电流线圈8并联接线。对于三相电能表,分流导线与电能表尾任意相电流接线并联,模拟对三相电能表电流回路窃电方法。 As shown in Figure 3, the electric energy meter 2 is a three-phase four-wire electric energy meter, and the shunt wire 9 is connected in parallel with any phase current coil 8 at the end of the electric energy meter. For the three-phase electric energy meter, the shunt wire is connected in parallel with any phase current connection at the end of the electric energy meter to simulate the method of stealing electricity from the current circuit of the three-phase electric energy meter.
柜体前面可以挂接单相直通表三块或挂接单相带CT表三块或挂三相四线带CT表一块或挂三相三线带CT表一块。使用时可以根据分流导线接触电阻的大小改变窃电电量的多少模拟扩差法窃电,实现多种数值的窃电仿真,满足了电力培训要求。电流回路并接分流导线,对电能表电流回路进行分流,模拟扩差法窃电方法,并通过调节分流导线接触电阻改变窃电量。通过改变分流导线与接线端子接触电阻的大小,定量地改变所分电流多少,最终改变窃电电量数值。 Three single-phase straight-through meters or three single-phase with CT meters or one three-phase four-wire with CT meter or one three-phase three-wire with CT meter can be hung on the front of the cabinet. When in use, the amount of electricity stolen can be changed according to the size of the contact resistance of the shunt wire to simulate electricity theft by the differential expansion method, and various values of electricity theft simulation can be realized, which meets the requirements of electric power training. The current loop is connected with the shunt wire in parallel, and the current loop of the electric energy meter is shunted, and the electricity stealing method of the differential expansion method is simulated, and the electricity stolen is changed by adjusting the contact resistance of the shunt wire. By changing the size of the contact resistance between the shunt wire and the terminal, the amount of the divided current is quantitatively changed, and finally the value of the electricity stolen is changed.
通过PC机仿真软件及装接分流导线模拟欠压法、欠流法、移相法窃电方式,作用于电能表,进行反窃电培训。对于压法窃电的设定包括断电压线圈、电压线圈串联阻抗或改变电压互感器变比。对于欠流法窃电的设定包括断电流线圈、短接电流线圈、电流线圈串联阻抗或改变电流互感器变比。对于移相法窃电的设定包括改变互感器极性、改变电压电流线圈极性、改变电压或电流线圈。对于扩差法窃电的设定包括分流导线与电能表尾电流接线并联,改变电能表电流回路电流。 Through the PC simulation software and the installation of shunt wires, simulate the undervoltage method, undercurrent method, and phase shifting method of stealing electricity, and act on the electric energy meter to conduct anti-theft electricity training. The settings for the voltage stealing method include disconnecting the voltage coil, series impedance of the voltage coil or changing the transformation ratio of the voltage transformer. The settings for the undercurrent stealing method include cutting off the current coil, shorting the current coil, series impedance of the current coil or changing the transformation ratio of the current transformer. The setting for stealing electricity by phase-shifting method includes changing the polarity of the transformer, changing the polarity of the voltage and current coil, and changing the voltage or current coil. The setting of electricity stealing by the differential expansion method includes parallel connection of the shunt wire and the tail current connection of the electric energy meter to change the current loop current of the electric energy meter.
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CN104977447A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-10-14 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Electricity stealing analog simulation device and method |
CN105044450A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-11-11 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Metering error analysis device and method |
CN106023748A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-12 | 国网浙江省电力公司培训中心 | Low-voltage metering training device |
CN112147390A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-29 | 国网山东省电力公司莒县供电公司 | Automatic alarm anti-theft electric energy meter |
CN112542076A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-23 | 广东电网有限责任公司江门供电局 | Anti-electricity-stealing skill training device |
CN114325014A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-12 | 广西电网有限责任公司 | Electric energy meter electricity stealing behavior reproduction device |
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CN104977447A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-10-14 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Electricity stealing analog simulation device and method |
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CN106023748A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-10-12 | 国网浙江省电力公司培训中心 | Low-voltage metering training device |
CN112147390A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-29 | 国网山东省电力公司莒县供电公司 | Automatic alarm anti-theft electric energy meter |
CN112542076A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-23 | 广东电网有限责任公司江门供电局 | Anti-electricity-stealing skill training device |
CN114325014A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-12 | 广西电网有限责任公司 | Electric energy meter electricity stealing behavior reproduction device |
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