CN104232155A - 从烃进料去除砷的方法 - Google Patents
从烃进料去除砷的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104232155A CN104232155A CN201410278298.2A CN201410278298A CN104232155A CN 104232155 A CN104232155 A CN 104232155A CN 201410278298 A CN201410278298 A CN 201410278298A CN 104232155 A CN104232155 A CN 104232155A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- range
- metal
- capture
- nickel
- capture material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium heptamolybdate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo] QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 transition metal sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMOVVBIIQSXZSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [6-(4-acetyloxy-5,9a-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-4,5a,6,9-tetrahydro-3h-pyrano[3,4-b]oxepin-5-yl)-5-formyloxy-3-(furan-3-yl)-3a-methyl-7-methylidene-1a,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroindeno[1,7a-b]oxiren-4-yl] 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoate Chemical compound CC12C(OC(=O)C(O)C(C)CC)C(OC=O)C(C3(C)C(CC(=O)OC4(C)COC(=O)CC43)OC(C)=O)C(=C)C32OC3CC1C=1C=COC=1 OMOVVBIIQSXZSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetoacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC([O-])=O WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical class [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003498 natural gas condensate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPLUKJNHPBNVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylarsine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[As](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BPLUKJNHPBNVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/28—Molybdenum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/003—Specific sorbent material, not covered by C10G25/02 or C10G25/03
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- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
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- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/882—Molybdenum and cobalt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种从至少部分为液体的烃进料中去除砷的方法,所述方法至少包括以下步骤:a)将烃进料和氢与第一捕获物质接触,所述第一捕获物质包含载体以及至少一种来自第VIB族的金属M1和至少两种来自第VIII族的金属M2和M3;b)将所述烃进料和氢与包含载体和镍的为硫化物形式的第二捕获物质接触,镍的量为相对于所述第二捕获物质的总重的至少5wt%NiO,其中步骤a)在步骤b)之前进行或与步骤b)同时进行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过捕获(capture)去除烃进料中存在的砷的方法。
现有技术
取决于其来源,原油可包含少量通常以有机金属配合物形式存在的金属化合物。
这种类型的有机金属化合物对于在石油转化工艺中使用的催化剂有毒。特别地,它们通过逐渐沉积在加氢处理和氢化催化剂的活性表面上而使这种催化剂中毒。金属化合物主要在来自原油蒸馏的重馏分中发现(镍、钒、砷、汞)或在天然气冷凝物中发现(汞、砷)。
通过将烃馏分热裂化或催化裂化(例如,蒸汽裂化)成较轻的烯属或芳族烃馏分的处理允许去除某些金属(例如,镍、钒等)。相反,某些其它金属(特别是砷,其易于形成挥发性化合物)至少部分地可见于较轻的馏分中,并且由于这点其能使用于这种馏分的转化工艺的催化剂(如选择性氢化或加氢脱硫催化剂)中毒。
一些早期的工艺已知为从液相烃中去除砷:特别地,该工艺在不同地被称为:吸附物质、捕获物质(capture mass)、俘获物质、提取物质或金属转移物质(metal transfer mass)的固体物质存在下进行。作为一个例子,专利US 4 046 674描述了一种使用包含具有沉积在载体(例如,氧化铝)上的硫化物形式的镍和钼的捕获物质的将页岩油脱砷的方法。
为了从烃进料中去除砷,专利申请FR 2 617 497推荐实施如下方法:其中将进料和烃于110℃~280℃的温度和1~100 bars (0.1~10 MPa)的压力下从包含其中至少50 wt%为金属态的镍的捕获物质上方经过并使之与其相接触。
专利申请FR 2 617 497公开了一种在0℃~100℃的温度和低压下在完全不存在氢和存在捕获物质的情况下从液体烃进料去除砷的方法,所述捕获物质包含沉积在载体上的至少一种硫化物或氧化铜。
然而,精炼仍需要有效的并使用尽可能少的捕获物质的脱砷方法。本发明的目的之一是提出一种有效的替代脱砷方法,其可特别地在尽可能高的要被处理的进料的流速下进行操作。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种从在环境温度和大气压下至少部分为液体的烃进料中去除砷的方法,该方法至少包括以下步骤:
a) 将烃进料和氢与第一捕获物质接触,该第一捕获物质包含载体以及至少一种来自第VIB族的金属M1和至少两种来自第VIII族的金属M2和M3,金属摩尔比(M2+M3)/M1在1~6范围内,氧化物形式的来自第VIB族的金属M1的量相对于该第一捕获物质的总重在3 wt%~14 wt%范围内,氧化物形式的来自第VIII族的金属M2的量相对于该第一捕获物质的总重在1 wt%~20 wt%范围内,且氧化物形式的来自第VIII族的金属M3的量相对于该第一捕获物质的总重在5 wt%~28 wt%范围内;
步骤a)的接触在如下条件下进行:温度在30℃~400℃范围内,压力在0.2~5 MPa范围内,相对于第一捕获物质的体积的时空速度(hourly space velocity)在4~50 h-1范围内,且氢流速在2~800升/升进料的范围内;
b) 将烃进料和氢与包含载体和镍的硫化物形式的第二捕获物质接触,镍的量相对于在硫化前为氧化物形式的第二捕获物质的总重为至少5 wt%的NiO;
步骤b)的接触在如下条件下进行:温度在30℃~400℃范围内,压力在0.2~5 MPa范围内,相对于第二捕获物质的体积的时空速度在4~50 h-1范围内,且氢流速在2~800升/升范围内;
并且其中步骤a)在步骤b)之前进行或与步骤b)同时进行。
令人惊奇地,申请人已确定了特定的捕获物质串联(concatenation)或使用上面提到的捕获物质的混合物能以特别有效的方式去除砷,并且具有高的,即,高于4 h-1,优选高于6 h-1,或者甚至高于10 h-1的相对于捕获物质的体积的时空速度。因此本发明的方法可用于通过使用较少量的催化剂(对于相同的要被处理的进料的流速而言)来生产具有低砷含量的流出物;当运行精炼厂时从节约的角度来看这是非常重要的。
在一个实施方案中,步骤a)在步骤b)之前进行,且所述步骤在分别包含在第一和第二反应器中的第一和第二反应区中进行。在这种情况中,反应器可以固定床、移动床或流化床模式进行操作。
或者可选地,当步骤a)在步骤b)之前进行时,所述步骤分别在包含在同一固定床反应器中的第一和第二反应区中进行。
在另一个实施方案中,步骤a)与步骤b)同时进行,且所述步骤在包括含第一和第二捕获物质的混合物的反应区的反应器中进行。
优选地,相对于第一捕获物质的总重,金属M1的量在3 wt%~12 wt%范围内,金属M2的量在1 wt%~15 wt%范围内,且金属M3的量在5 wt%~18 wt%范围内。
优选地,第一捕获物质的金属摩尔比M2/M3在0.05~2范围内。
在一个特别的实施方案中,金属M1为钼,金属M2为钴,且金属M3为镍。
优选地,相对于在硫化前的氧化物形式的第二捕获物质的总重,第二捕获物质的镍含量在5 wt%~50 wt% NiO的范围内。
有利地,第一捕获物质的金属M1、M2和M3也是硫化的。
优选地,在第一捕获物质上存在的硫(S)与金属M1、M2和M3的总和之间的摩尔比为对应于每种元素全部硫化为硫化物的(按每种金属的相对摩尔分数的比例)理论摩尔比的至少60%。
优选地,在第二捕获物质上存在的硫(S)与镍之间的摩尔比为对应于镍全部硫化的理论摩尔比的至少60%。
第一捕获物质的体积与第二捕获物质的体积之比通常在0.2~5范围内,优选在0.2~2范围内。
本发明还涉及一种用于处理烃进料的方法,包括根据本发明的用于去除砷的方法,其中具有降低的砷含量的流出物在催化加氢处理步骤中进行处理。作为例子,所述加氢处理步骤为加氢脱硫。
具体实施方案
在本说明书中,术语“捕获物质”可被如以下的等价术语等同代换:吸附物质、俘获物质、提取物质或金属转移物质。
烃进料
易于使用本发明方法进行处理的烃进料是在环境温度和大气压下至少部分为液体的进料。
作为例子,要被处理的烃进料是获自催化裂化、热裂化或蒸汽裂化装置的催化裂化汽油。该方法还可应用于处理从原油获得的可能包含重金属的直馏汽油(straight run gasolines)与包含单烯烃和二烯烃的裂化汽油的混合物。烃进料可包含按重量计最多2 ppm的砷。
作为例子,要被处理的烃进料为包含5%~60 wt%单烯烃、50 ppm~6000 ppm含硫化合物和10~1000 ppb砷的催化裂化汽油。
在本发明背景下,砷可以以具有通式AsR3的胂类物质(arsines)形式存在,其中R是氢原子或烃基,如甲基、乙基、丙基或苯基。
本发明方法的步骤a)
因此本发明方法采用了步骤a),该步骤由将烃进料和氢与第一捕获物质接触组成。
这种接触在如下条件下进行:操作温度在30℃~400℃范围内,操作压力在0.2~5 MPa范围内,氢流速与烃进料流速之比在2~800 NL/L范围内,且相对于第一捕获物质的体积的时空速度在4~50 h-1范围内。优选地,操作温度在200℃~400℃范围内,氢流速与烃进料流速之比在50~800 NL/L范围内,且相对于第一捕获物质的体积的时空速度在6~40 h-1范围内。
根据非常优选的实施方案,步骤a)在如下条件下进行:操作温度在200℃~400℃范围内,操作压力在0.2~5 MPa范围内,氢流速与烃进料流速之比在50~800 NL/L范围内,且相对于第一捕获物质的体积的时空速度在10~25 h-1范围内。
优选地,其通过如下方式进行实施:将要被处理的烃进料和氢注入到包含所述捕获物质的反应器中,所述反应器是固定床、移动床或流化床反应器,优选固定床反应器。第一捕获物质包含沉积在多孔载体上的至少一种来自第VIB族的金属M1和至少两种来自第VIII族的金属M2和M3。金属摩尔比(M2+M3)/M1在1~6范围内,氧化物形式的来自第VIB族的金属M1的量相对于所述第一捕获物质的总重在3 wt%~14 wt%范围内,氧化物形式的来自第VIII族的金属M2的量相对于所述第一捕获物质的总重在1 wt%~20 wt%范围内,且氧化物形式的来自第VIII族的金属M3的量相对于所述第一捕获物质的总重在5 wt%~28 wt%范围内。
本发明步骤a)的捕获物质有利地具有在0.05~2范围内,优选在0.08~1.5范围内,仍然更优选在0.08~1.25范围内的金属摩尔比M2/M3。
优选地,第一捕获物质的金属摩尔比(M2+M3)/M1在1~5范围内,优选在1~4.5范围内,更优选在1.5~4范围内。
优选地,氧化物形式的来自第VIB族的金属M1的量相对于捕获物质的总重在3 wt%~12 wt%范围内,更优选在4 wt%~10 wt%范围内,仍然更优选在4 wt%~9 wt%范围内。
优选地,氧化物形式的来自第VIII族的金属M2的量相对于捕获物质总重在1 wt%~15 wt%范围内,优选在1 wt%~10 wt%范围内,更优选在1 wt%~9 wt%范围内,仍然更优选在2 wt%~5 wt%范围内。
优选地,氧化物形式的来自第VIII族的金属M3的量相对于捕获物质的总重在5 wt%~18 wt%范围内,优选在5 wt%~15 wt%范围内,更优选在7 wt%~15 wt%范围内,仍然更优选在9 wt%~15 wt%范围内。
优选地,金属M1是钼,金属M2是钴,且金属M3是镍。
第一捕获物质可包含掺杂剂,如磷。氧化物形式的磷的量相对于第一捕获物质的总重在0.2 wt%~6 wt%范围内,优选在0.3 wt%~5 wt%范围内,更优选在0.4 wt%~4 wt%范围内。
第一捕获物质的金属被沉积在选自氧化铝、二氧化硅、二氧化硅-氧化铝、碳化硅、单独使用的或作为与氧化铝或二氧化硅-氧化铝的混合物使用的钛氧化物以及单独使用的或作为与氧化铝或二氧化硅-氧化铝的混合物使用的镁氧化物的无定形矿物载体上。优选地,所述载体选自氧化铝、二氧化硅和二氧化硅-氧化铝。非常优选地,所述载体基本由至少一种氧化铝构成,即,其包含至少51 wt%、优选至少60 wt%、非常优选至少80 wt%,甚至至少90 wt%的氧化铝。
氧化铝可以各种晶体形式存在,如,例如,α-氧化铝、β-氧化铝、γ-氧化铝、δ-氧化铝、η-氧化铝、θ-氧化铝、勃姆石或其混合物。载体的比表面积在70~350 m2/g范围内,优选在100~300 m2/g范围内,非常优选在130~250 m2/g范围内。比表面积使用本领域技术人员公知的BET技术(ASTM标准D3663)进行测量。
载体的孔隙率使得其孔体积在0.4~1.4 cm3/g范围内,优选在0.5~1.3 cm3/g范围内。孔体积通过水银孔率测定法(mercury porosimetry)使用ASTM标准D4284-92以140°的润湿角进行测量。
金属使用本领域技术人员熟悉的技术沉积在载体上,例如通过使用金属前体溶液的浸渍,优选通过从该金属的前体的水溶液的浸渍。所述浸渍可以,例如,使用已知的干浸渍法进行,其中将所需量的元素以可溶于所希望溶剂(例如,软化水)中的盐形式被引入,以尽可能精确地充满载体的孔隙。以此方式用溶液充满的载体优选进行干燥。
金属可通过共-浸渍或连续添加进行沉积。优选首先是M1和M2然后是M3,或者首先是M3然后是M1+M2。磷可被添加到浸渍溶液中。当来自第VIII族的金属是钴时,硝酸钴、氢氧化钴或碳酸钴有利地被用作前体。当来自第VIII族的金属是镍时,硝酸镍、氢氧化镍或碳酸镍有利地被用作前体。当所述来自第VIB族的金属是钼时,七钼酸铵或氧化钼有利地被用作前体。当磷存在于第一捕获物质的活性相(active phase)中时,磷酸有利地被用作前体。还可使用本领域技术人员已知的在水溶液中具有足够溶解度并且在干燥步骤或任何类型的氧化处理过程中可被分解的任何其它盐。
在引入来自第VIII族和第VIB族的金属以及任选的磷之后,捕获物质优选经历热处理。这种处理意图将金属的分子前体转化为氧化物相。在这种情况中,其是氧化性处理,但也可进行简单地干燥该催化吸附剂。优选地,第一捕获物质在将其用于本发明的加氢脱硫方法中之前经历煅烧处理。所述煅烧处理有利地在空气或稀释氧中于200℃~550℃范围内(优选300℃~500℃范围内)的温度进行实施。
在煅烧之后,沉积在载体上的金属为氧化物形式。有利地,经煅烧的捕获物质在其用于本发明的方法中之前还经历硫化处理。硫化在硫-还原性介质中,即,在H2S和氢存在下进行,以便将金属氧化物转化为过渡金属硫化物,如MoS2、Ni3S2和Co9S8。硫化通过将包含H2S和氢的物流或在捕获物质和氢存在下能分解为H2S的含硫化合物注入到捕获物质上进行实施。多硫化物,如二甲基二硫醚是惯常用于硫化的H2S前体。调节温度以使H2S与金属氧化物反应形成金属硫化物。该硫化可在原位或非原位(in situ or ex situ) (在其中进行捕获反应的反应器的内部或外部)于200℃~600℃范围内(更优选在300℃~500℃范围内)的温度进行。优选地,金属为基本硫化的。当捕获物质上存在的硫(S)与金属之间的摩尔比为对应于所考虑的金属完全硫化的理论摩尔比的至少60%时,所述金属被认为是基本硫化的:
(S/金属)捕获物质 ≥ 0.6×(S/金属)理论,其中:
- (S/金属)捕获物质是捕获物质上存在的硫(S)与金属之间的摩尔比。
- (S/金属)理论是对应于将金属完全氧化为硫化物的硫与金属之间的摩尔比。
该理论摩尔比作为所考虑的金属的函数而变:
- (S/Co)理论=8/9
- (S/Ni)理论=2/3
- (S/Mo)理论=2/1 。
在包含多种金属的第一捕获物质中,捕获物质上存在的S与所有金属M1、M2和M3之间的摩尔比为对应于将每种金属完全硫化为硫化物的理论摩尔比的至少60%,更优选至少80%,所述计算按每种金属相对摩尔分数的比例进行实施。
本发明方法的步骤b)
本发明的脱砷方法的步骤b)由如下方式组成:将烃进料和氢与包含在其上沉积镍的载体的第二捕获物质接触,对于该第二捕获物质来说,以氧化物NiO表达的镍以重量计的量相对于在硫化前的氧化物形式的捕获物质的总重为至少5 wt%,优选在5 wt%~50 wt%范围内,非常优选在10 wt%~30 wt%范围内。
第二捕获物质以经硫化的形式进行使用,即,在第二捕获物质上存在的硫(S)与元素镍之间的摩尔比为对应于镍完全硫化的理论摩尔比的至少60%:
(S/Ni)捕获物质 ≥ 0.6×(S/Ni)理论,其中:
- (S/Ni)捕获物质是在催化吸附剂上存在的硫(S)与元素镍之间的摩尔比;
- (S/Ni)理论是对应于将镍完全硫化为硫化物的硫与元素镍之间的摩尔比,其等于2/3。
优选地,在第二捕获物质上存在的硫(S)和元素镍之间的摩尔比为对应于镍的完全硫化的理论摩尔比的至少80%。
载体是可选自以下的多孔载体:木炭、活性炭、焦炭、二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝、硅酸盐、铝酸盐和硅-铝酸盐(例如沸石)。优选地,载体为α-或γ-氧化铝或二者的混合物。
载体具有总孔体积,其通过水银孔率测定法根据ASTM标准D4284-92以润湿角140°测得,所述总孔体积通常在0.2~1.2 mL/g范围内,优选在0.5~1.2 mL/g范围内。
此外,所用的载体通常具有在10~300 m2/g范围内,优选在50~200 m2/g范围内的比表面积,其使用ASTM方法D3663测定。
或者,捕获物质还可包含选自以下的被称为“助催化剂(promotors)”的元素:P、Mg、Ca、Sr、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn和Mo。“助催化剂”元素相对于捕获物质的总重优选以0.1 wt%~2 wt%范围内的量存在。
第二捕获物质可使用包括以下步骤的方法进行制备:
i)将至少一种镍化合物加入到如上所定义的载体中;
ii)干燥并任选煅烧在步骤i)中获得的产品以至少部分将其所包含的一种或多种镍化合物转化为氧化镍;
iii)将在步骤ii)中获得的产品或者如果未进行步骤ii)时在步骤i)中获得的产品与硫或含硫化合物接触以硫化沉积在载体上的镍。
镍可使用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法加入到载体上,例如通过使用包含水溶性镍盐(如镍的硝酸盐、甲酸盐、乙酸盐或乙酰乙酸盐)的水溶液的浸渍。硝酸盐因其极高的溶解度而通常是优选的。作为例子,镍盐可通过使用硝酸镍溶液的“干法”浸渍(用其体积等于载体孔体积的液体充满载体的孔)进行加入。
干燥,其可去除全部或部分在浸渍过程中引入的水,优选于50℃~250℃范围内,更优选在70℃~200℃范围内的温度进行。干燥可在空气中或在惰性气氛(例如氮气)中进行。
用镍浸渍并干燥的载体优选随后在气流中(优选在空气中)煅烧。煅烧温度通常在150℃~450℃范围内,优选在约200℃~约400℃范围内。煅烧时间通常在0.5小时~24小时范围内,优选1小时~12小时。煅烧步骤可使用至多为最大限定的设定点温度(maximum defined set point temperature)的恒温阶段进行。
硫化步骤iii)在硫-还原性介质中进行以将氧化镍转化为镍硫化物。硫化通过将包含H2S和氢的物流或者在捕获物质和氢存在下能分解为H2S的含硫化合物(例如多硫化物)注入到捕获物质上来进行。调节该硫化温度以使H2S与氧化镍反应以形成镍的硫化物。该硫化可在原位或非原位(在其中发生第二捕获步骤的反应器的内部或外部)于200℃~600℃范围内,更优选在300℃~500℃范围内的温度进行。
根据本发明,步骤b)的接触在以下条件下进行:
● 温度在30℃~400℃范围内,优选在200℃~400℃范围内;
● 压力在0.2~5 MPa范围内;
● 相对于第二捕获物质的体积的时空速度在4~50 h-1范围内,优选在6~40 h-1范围内,更优选在10~25 h-1范围内;
● H2/进料比在2~800 NL/L范围内,优选在50~800 NL/L范围内。
根据本发明方法的第一实施方案,步骤a)在步骤b)之前进行,且所述步骤或者在串联布置的两个反应器中或者在包括分别包含第一和第二捕获物质的至少两个固定床的单个反应器中进行。
当步骤a)和b)在两个不同反应器中进行时,这些反应器可为固定床、移动床或流化床反应器,优选固定床。
当步骤a)和b)在包括两个捕获物质固定床的同一反应器中进行时,该反应器被设计为使要被纯化的烃进料遇到包含第一捕获物质的第一固定床,随后遇到包含第二捕获物质的第二固定床。应注意两个固定床可连续布置,在该两个固定床之间可以有或没有空间。
或者可选地,在第二实施方案中,步骤a)和b)在包括含第一和第二捕获物质混合物的反应区的同一反应器(例如固定床、移动床或流化床反应器)中同时进行。
根据本发明,第一捕获物质的体积与第二捕获物质的体积之比通常在0.2~5范围内,优选在0.2~2范围内。
本发明方法特别适合于在催化加氢处理步骤(优选加氢脱硫步骤)之前预处理含砷的进料,以便保存通常会因砷被减活的加氢处理催化剂的使用寿命。
当本发明的用于去除砷的方法用作为在使用加氢脱硫催化剂床的加氢脱硫步骤之前的烃进料的预处理时,第一捕获物质和第二捕获物质的体积与加氢脱硫催化剂的体积之比通常在0.04~0.5范围内。
此外,当预处理和加氢脱硫步骤使用固定床类型反应器时,这两个步骤可在同一反应器中进行,条件是这些床分别包含第一和第二捕获物质,它们进行布置使得要被处理的进料首先遇到捕获物质床,然后遇到加氢脱硫催化剂床。
或者可选地,第一和第二捕获物质在同一床中混合,该床相对于要被处理的进料的引入方向设置在加氢脱硫催化剂床的上游。
以下实施例通过非限制性例子的方式给出,其举例说明了本发明。
实施例
制备含镍的捕获物质A
捕获物质A通过由硝酸镍制成的水溶液的双重干法浸渍进行制备,含金属的溶液的体积等于载体物质的孔体积。
载体是过渡型氧化铝(transition alumina),其比表面积为135 m2/g,且孔体积为1.12 cm3/g。载体的比表面积使用BET法(ASTM标准D3663)进行测量,且孔体积通过水银孔率测定法使用ASTM标准D4284-92以润湿角140°进行测定。
用镍-浸渍的载体随后于120℃干燥12小时,然后于500℃在空气中煅烧2小时。
在煅烧之后,捕获物质A具有18%的相对于捕获物质总重以NiO表达的镍含量。
制备包含镍、钴和钼的捕获物质B
如同捕获物质A的情况,用于捕获物质B的载体是过渡型氧化铝,其比表面积为135 m2/g,且孔体积为1.12 cm3/g。捕获物质B包含镍、钴和钼,并且通过干法浸渍在两步中制备。第一步骤由以下组成:用七钼酸铵和硝酸钴的水溶液进行干法浸渍,含金属的溶液的体积严格等于载体物质的孔体积。调节水溶液的前体浓度以便在载体上沉积所需的按重量计的量。随后将浸有钼和钴的固体于120℃干燥12小时,并于500℃在空气中煅烧2小时。第二步骤为进行硝酸镍水溶液的干法浸渍,含金属的溶液的体积严格等于载体物质的孔体积。调节水溶液的前体浓度以便在载体上沉积所需的按重量计的量。随后将固体于120℃干燥12小时,并于500℃在空气中煅烧2小时。
在煅烧步骤结束时,得到捕获物质B,其具有,以相对于捕获物质总重的wt%计,3 wt%的CoO、10 wt%的NiO和15 wt%的MoO3。
根据本发明的砷捕获方法的性能评价
接下来,使用从催化裂化工艺得到的汽油馏分评价了本发明的砷捕获方法的性能,所述汽油馏分的沸点在50℃~245℃范围内,包含按重量计为360 ppm的硫,并且掺杂有含砷化合物(三苯胂)以得到按重量计浓度为3000 ppb的砷。
在实施例1 (对比)中,汽油于以下条件下在配有包含两个10 mL捕获物质A的固定床的管式反应器的中试装置(pilot unit)中进行处理:温度为250℃,总压力为2 MPa,总时空速度(HSV)为10 h-1 (即,对于每个催化剂床来说HSV为20 h-1),且H2/进料比等于300 nL/L。
在进行反应之前,捕获物质A于350℃在(85/15)% vol/vol (H2/H2S)的气体混合物中被硫化。
在实施例2 (根据本发明)中,在与实施例1相同的操作条件下处理汽油,不同之处在于管式反应器配有10 mL捕获物质A和B的两个固定床。该床被布置在反应器中,使得汽油在开始时与捕获物质B (第一床)接触,随后与捕获物质A (第二床)接触。在进行反应之前,捕获物质A和B也于350℃在(85/15)% vol/vol (H2/H2S)的气体混合物中被硫化。
表1总结了实施例1和2的操作条件。
实施例1 (对比) | 实施例2 (根据本发明) | |
第一固定床 | 捕获物质A (18 wt% NiO/捕获物质总重) | 捕获物质B (3 wt% CoO、10 wt% NiO和15 wt% MoO3/捕获物质总重) |
第二固定床 | 捕获物质A (18 wt% NiO/捕获物质总重) | 捕获物质A (18 wt% NiO/捕获物质总重) |
温度 | 250℃ | 250℃ |
总压力 | 2 MPa | 2 MPa |
总HSV | 10 h-1 | 10 h-1 |
H2/进料比 | 300 NL/L | 300 NL/L |
表1。
进料中和从反应器中抽取出的流出物中的砷量通过原子吸收进行测量。因此这些值可用于计算砷捕获率(HDAs)。
下表2显示了突破时间,其对应于如下时间:在该时间之后在流出物中的砷的量为在进料中砷质量的1%或更多(C/C0 ≥ 1% w/w)。
实施例1 (对比) | 实施例2 (根据本发明) | |
突破时间(h) | 52 | 490 |
表2。
结果显示,使用特定的捕获物质串联的本发明方法可用于捕获比不根据本发明的方法更多的砷;这引起约9.4倍的突破时间(breakthrough time)。
Claims (13)
1.一种从烃进料中去除砷的方法,所述烃进料在环境温度和大气压下至少部分为液体,所述方法至少包括以下步骤:
a)将所述烃进料和氢与第一捕获物质接触,所述第一捕获物质包含载体以及至少一种来自第VIB族的金属M1和至少两种来自第VIII族的金属M2和M3,金属摩尔比(M2+M3)/M1在1~6范围内,氧化物形式的来自第VIB族的金属M1的量相对于所述第一捕获物质的总重在3 wt%~14 wt%范围内,氧化物形式的来自第VIII族的金属M2的量相对于所述第一捕获物质的总重在1 wt%~20 wt%范围内,且氧化物形式的来自第VIII族的金属M3的量相对于所述第一捕获物质的总重在5 wt%~28 wt%范围内;
步骤a)的接触在如下条件下进行:温度在30℃~400℃范围内,压力在0.2~5 MPa范围内,相对于第一捕获物质的体积的时空速度在4~50 h-1范围内,且氢流速在2~800升/升进料范围内;
b)将所述烃进料和氢与包含载体和镍的呈硫化物形式的第二捕获物质接触,镍的量相对于硫化前的氧化物形式的第二捕获物质的总重为至少5 wt%的NiO;
步骤b)的接触在如下条件下进行:温度在30℃~400℃范围内,压力在0.2~5 MPa范围内,相对于第二捕获物质的体积的时空速度在4~50 h-1范围内,且氢流速在2~800升/升范围内;
并且其中步骤a)在步骤b)之前进行或与步骤b)同时进行。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤a)在步骤b)之前进行,所述步骤在分别包含在第一和第二反应器中的第一和第二反应区中进行。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤a)在步骤b)之前进行,所述步骤分别在包含在同一固定床反应器中的第一和第二反应区中进行。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤a)与步骤b)同时进行,所述步骤在包括如下反应区的反应器中进行:所述反应区包含所述第一和第二捕获物质的混合物。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中相对于所述第一捕获物质的总重,金属M1的量在3 wt%~12 wt%范围内,金属M2的量在1 wt%~15 wt%范围内,且金属M3的量在5 wt%~18 wt%范围内。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一捕获物质的金属摩尔比M2/M3在0.05~2范围内。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述金属M1是钼,所述金属M2是钴,且所述金属M3是镍。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第二捕获物质的镍含量为相对于在硫化前的氧化物形式的第二捕获物质的总重的5 wt%~50 wt% NiO的范围内。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一捕获物质的金属M1、M2和M3是硫化的。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述第一捕获物质上存在的硫(S)与金属M1、M2和M3的总和之间的摩尔比为对应于每种元素,按每种金属的相对摩尔分数的比例,全部硫化为硫化物的理论摩尔比的至少60%。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中在所述第二捕获物质上存在的硫(S)与镍的摩尔比为对应于镍全部硫化的理论摩尔比的至少60%。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一捕获物质的体积与所述第二捕获物质的体积之比在0.2~5范围内,优选在0.2~2范围内。
13.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中从步骤a)和b)得到具有降低的砷含量的流出物在催化加氢处理步骤中进行处理。
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CN112852480A (zh) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-05-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 焦化汽油加氢精制催化剂的级配方法及加氢精制方法 |
CN113231067A (zh) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-10 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | 一种用于轻质馏分油加氢的脱砷剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN106660018B (zh) * | 2014-07-11 | 2020-01-03 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 用于处理具有砷浓度的烃进料的加氢处理催化剂以及制造和使用该催化剂的方法 |
FR3053260B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-30 | 2020-12-11 | Ifp Energies Now | Masse de captation constitue d'une phase active sous forme cristalline |
RU2691072C1 (ru) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-06-10 | Акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт по переработке нефти" (АО "ВНИИ НП") | Способ совместного извлечения мышьяка и хлора из нефтяных дистиллятов |
FR3116828A1 (fr) | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-03 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procédé de captation d'impuretés organométalliques mettant en œuvre une masse de captation à base de cobalt et de molybdène et contenant du carbone |
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PL2816093T3 (pl) | 2018-10-31 |
BR102014014630B1 (pt) | 2020-11-10 |
FR3007415B1 (fr) | 2016-05-27 |
US10072220B2 (en) | 2018-09-11 |
FR3007415A1 (fr) | 2014-12-26 |
US20140374321A1 (en) | 2014-12-25 |
EP2816093A1 (fr) | 2014-12-24 |
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RU2014124387A (ru) | 2015-12-27 |
ES2674485T3 (es) | 2018-07-02 |
RU2663894C2 (ru) | 2018-08-13 |
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